Статті в журналах: "Drugs repurposing"

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Page, Michael Le. "Repurposing cancer drugs." New Scientist 243, no. 3250 (October 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(19)31838-x.

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Korman, D. B. "Repurposing drugs in oncology." Practical oncology 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31917/1801139.

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Ferrarelli, Leslie K. "Repurposing drugs for glioblastoma." Science Signaling 8, no. 401 (November 3, 2015): ec321-ec321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aad7743.

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Khachigian, Levon M. "Repurposing Drugs for Skin Cancer." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 42 (December 16, 2020): 7214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666191220103901.

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Drug repurposing is the process of developing existing or abandoned drugs for a different disease. Repurposing can circumvent higher costs and times associated with conventional drug discovery strategies because toxicity and pharmacokinetics profiles are typically already established. This brief review focuses on efforts to repurpose drugs for skin cancer and includes reuse of antihypertensives, anthelmintics and antifungals among a range of other medicines. Repurposing not only ushers promising known drugs for new indications, the process of repurposing can uncover new mechanistic insights in the pathogenesis of disease and uncover new opportunities for pharmaceutical intervention.

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Miroshnichenko, I. I., E. A. Valdman, and I. I. Kuz'min. "Old Drugs, New Indications (Review)." Drug development & registration 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-1-182-190.

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Introduction. The drug can be used in the treatment of one disease and for the prevention and treatment of another pathological process. This is possible due to the repurposing of medicines. Creating drugs from scratch takes a long time to develop and implement, which leads to large financial costs, and also has a high dropout rate of candidate substances and requires significant financial costs. The main advantage of repurposing instead of creating new drug is relatively low financial costs and a significant reduction in the first two phases of clinical trials.Text. Drug repurposing is based on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmaceuticals and clinical trials, where the first two phases are significantly reduced compared to the creation of a completely new. There are examples of successful repurposing and negative side effects with off-label drug use, which is unsafe but the best solution for orphan diseases. A targeted search for the possibility of repurposing drugs using an automatic procedure is being carried out, where a large number of chemical compounds are tested for activity or affinity for receptors and enzymes – high-throughput screening. Computer design has become widespread, which or repurposing "in silico", where information about the drug is used: targets, chemical structures, metabolic pathways, side effects, followed by the construction of appropriate models. Machine learning (ML) algorithms: Bayes classifier, logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and others are successfully used in biochemical pharmaceutical, toxicological research. But the most promising development of reprofiling is associated with the use of deep neural networks (DNN). Using deep learning, DNN were found to outperform other algorithms for drug development and toxicity prediction.Conclusion. Currently, interest in drug repurposing has grown markedly. A search for the keywords «drug repurposing» showed 2,422 articles on the problem of new uses for drugs that already exist in medicine.

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Jannat, Aqsa, Sadia Rafique, Sana Javed, Aamna Habib, and Zunaira Afzal. "A Review on Repurposing of Drug." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 11 (February 12, 2024): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs0202317112.

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Background: For discovering novel drugs and to gain market acceptance process of conventional drug discovery is used in which various stages are involved. Aim: To innovate new approaches for minimizing the cost and time of drug discovery. Method: Several attempts were made for the building of plans based on computational tools and on bio-informatics to strengthen the repurposing method off-late. Various approaches used to invent novel signs for FDA accepted drugs are discussed in this review. Results: The repurposing of the drugs has obtained significance in identifying novel therapeutic uses for existing drugs. It is a productive strategy for the discovery of drugs also time and cost-effective.It fills the gap for the absence of efficiency of conventional drug development. Implications: In drug repurposing, selection and decision of suitable repurposing technique depend on previous knowledge and accessible data from particular studies. The best advantage of the drug repurposing technique is that for approved drugs all the required data is available. Conclusion: This technique is currently appearing to overcome the restriction faced during conventional drug discovery in the form of resources, timeline, and financial support . The feasibility of repurposing technique is improved by its systematic application. Some examples of repurposed drugs are also reviewed here. This review also covers the skill of repurposing survival drugs for use against microbes. Keywords: Conventional drug, drug repurposing, repurposing approaches, docking, proteinopathy.

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Bhosale, Amol. "Repurposing Drugs for Covid-19." Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asps.2020.04.0545.

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K. Lee, Daniel, and Eva Szabo. "Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Prevention." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 19 (May 30, 2016): 2169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666160216154946.

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Arzuk, Ege, Ali Ergüç, and Fuat Karakuş. "REPURPOSING DRUGS FOR CANCER THERAPY." Sağlık Bilimlerinde İleri Araştırmalar Dergisi / Journal of Advanced Research in Health Sciences 5, no. 1 (August 9, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jarhs2021-1133474.

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Ayyar, Porkodi, and Umamaheswari Subramanian. "Repurposing – second life for drugs." Pharmacia 69, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e72548.

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Drug repurposing refers to finding new indications for existing drugs. The paradigm shift from traditional drug discovery to drug repurposing is driven by the fact that new drug pipelines are getting dried up because of mounting Research & Development (R&D) costs, long timeline for new drug development, low success rate for new molecular entities, regulatory hurdles coupled with revenue loss from patent expiry and competition from generics. Anaemic drug pipelines along with increasing demand for newer effective, cheaper, safer drugs and unmet medical needs call for new strategies of drug discovery and, drug repurposing seems to be a promising avenue for such endeavours. Drug repurposing strategies have progressed over years from simple serendipitous observations to more complex computational methods in parallel with our ever-growing knowledge on drugs, diseases, protein targets and signalling pathways but still the knowledge is far from complete. Repurposed drugs too have to face many obstacles, although lesser than new drugs, before being successful.

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Kolotilov, Nikolay, A. Alekseenko, Irina Andrushchenko, and S. Anton. "Repurposing of Drugs: Radiological Aspect." Radiation Diagnostics, Radiation Therapy, no. 3 (2019): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37336/2707-0700-2019-3-7.

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Repurposing or re-positioning of drugs applied in medical practice is a trend under a new adequate and clearly understood term that existed before (for example, application of known drugs for a new purpose). The purpose of the article is to state, within the framework of repurposing and future sudden relevance and demand, the information on budget drugs for a long-term maintaining of increased body radioresistance. Drugs for the long-term maintenance of increased body radioresistance are described: riboxin and succinic acid. The possibility of long-term administration is an important advantage of riboxin and succinic acid. The knowledge of the full real spectrum of available drugs, undoubtedly, allows prevention of polypharmacy and conservation of economic resources.

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Khan, Mohammad K., Tahseen H. Nasti, Zachary S. Buchwald, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, and Stephen J. Kron. "Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Radiotherapy." Cancer Journal 25, no. 2 (2019): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ppo.0000000000000369.

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Abbasi, Jennifer. "Repurposing Drugs to Treat Zika." JAMA 316, no. 16 (October 25, 2016): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.14757.

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Choradia, Nirmal, and Eva Szabo. "Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Prevention." Cancer Journal 30, no. 5 (September 2024): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ppo.0000000000000746.

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Abstract The development of agents for cancer prevention is a lengthy process requiring a delicate balance between the safety and tolerability of potential interventions and effectiveness in preventing future cancer. Individuals at risk for a specific cancer are frequently at risk for multiple types of cancer as well as other chronic diseases, especially ones associated with aging. Shared environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, metabolic factors, and commonalities in pathogenesis suggest opportunities for combined targeting of cancer and other chronic diseases. Examples discussed here include mechanisms shared between various cancers and obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

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Kim, Jong H., Luisa W. Cheng, Kathleen L. Chan, Christina C. Tam, Noreen Mahoney, Mendel Friedman, Mikhail Martchenko Shilman, and Kirkwood M. Land. "Antifungal Drug Repurposing." Antibiotics 9, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110812.

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Control of fungal pathogens is increasingly problematic due to the limited number of effective drugs available for antifungal therapy. Conventional antifungal drugs could also trigger human cytotoxicity associated with the kidneys and liver, including the generation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, increased incidences of fungal resistance to the classes of azoles, such as fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, or posaconazole, or echinocandins, including caspofungin, anidulafungin, or micafungin, have been documented. Of note, certain azole fungicides such as propiconazole or tebuconazole that are applied to agricultural fields have the same mechanism of antifungal action as clinical azole drugs. Such long-term application of azole fungicides to crop fields provides environmental selection pressure for the emergence of pan-azole-resistant fungal strains such as Aspergillus fumigatus having TR34/L98H mutations, specifically, a 34 bp insertion into the cytochrome P450 51A (CYP51A) gene promoter region and a leucine-to-histidine substitution at codon 98 of CYP51A. Altogether, the emerging resistance of pathogens to currently available antifungal drugs and insufficiency in the discovery of new therapeutics engender the urgent need for the development of new antifungals and/or alternative therapies for effective control of fungal pathogens. We discuss the current needs for the discovery of new clinical antifungal drugs and the recent drug repurposing endeavors as alternative methods for fungal pathogen control.

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Correia, Ana Salomé, Rita Matos, Fátima Gärtner, Irina Amorim, and Nuno Vale. "High Drug Resistance in Feline Mammary Carcinoma Cell Line (FMCm) and Comparison with Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7)." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082321.

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Drug repurposing and drug combination are important therapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. Drug repurposing aims to give new indications to drugs, rather than the original indication, whereas drug combination presupposes that the effect that is obtained should be more beneficial than the effect obtained by the individual drugs. Previously, drug repurposing and the combination of different drugs was evaluated in our research group against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells). Our results demonstrated that the response obtained through the combination of drugs, when compared with the single drugs, led to more synergic responses. Therefore, using potential drugs for repurposing, combined with a reference drug in breast cancer (5-Fluorouracil), was the major aim of this project, but for the first time using the feline mammary carcinoma cell line, FMCm. Surprisingly, the feline neoplastic cells demonstrated considerable resistance to the drugs tested in isolation, and the combination was not effective, which contrasted with the obtained MCF-7 cells’ response.

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R, Venkata Kavya. "A Review on Dry Powder Inhalers of Repurposing Drugs for Covid-19 Treatment." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation 2, no. 2 (July 12, 2022): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/jpri/02.02.a003.

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Dry powder inhalation method has been convincing method for treating respiratory diseases as it directly delivers the drugs to the lungs in the form of fine powder. The novel coronavirus causes respiratory infection mainly targeting the ACE-2 receptors in the lower respiratory tract. Repurposing drugs like Remdesivir, Ivermectin, Favipiravir for treatment of covid-19 can be prepared as powders for inhalation. Covid-19 pandemic has increased the application of dry powder inhalation therapy of antiviral drugs. This review presents account on pulmonary drug delivery of repurposing drugs for treatment of Covid-19. Index Terms : — Dry powder inhalers, Novel Coronavirus, Repurposing drugs.

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Sukhai, Mahadeo A., Paul A. Spagnuolo, Scott Weir, James Kasper, Lavonne Patton, and Aaron D. Schimmer. "New sources of drugs for hematologic malignancies." Blood 117, no. 25 (June 23, 2011): 6747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-02-315283.

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Abstract Advancing novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignancy into the marketplace is an increasingly costly and lengthy process. As such, new strategies for drug discovery are needed. Drug repurposing represents an opportunity to rapidly advance new therapeutic strategies into clinical trials at a relatively low cost. Known on-patent or off-patent drugs with unrecognized anticancer activity can be rapidly advanced into clinical testing for this new indication by leveraging their known pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. Using this approach, academic groups can participate in the drug discovery field and smaller biotechnology companies can “de-risk” early-stage drug discovery projects. Here, several scientific approaches used to identify drug repurposing opportunities are highlighted, with a focus on hematologic malignancies. In addition, a discussion of the regulatory issues that are unique to drug repurposing and how they impact developing old drugs for new indications is included. Finally, the mechanisms to enhance drug repurposing through increased collaborations between academia, industry, and nonprofit charitable organizations are discussed.

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Giuliano, Antonio, Rodrigo S. Horta, Rafael A. M. Vieira, Kelly R. Hume, and Jane Dobson. "Repurposing Drugs in Small Animal Oncology." Animals 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010139.

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Repurposing drugs in oncology consists of using off-label drugs that are licensed for various non-oncological medical conditions to treat cancer. Repurposing drugs has the advantage of using drugs that are already commercialized, with known mechanisms of action, proven safety profiles, and known toxicology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and posology. These drugs are usually cheaper than new anti-cancer drugs and thus more affordable, even in low-income countries. The interest in repurposed anti-cancer drugs has led to numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, with some promising results. Some randomized clinical trials have also been performed in humans, with certain drugs showing some degree of clinical efficacy, but the true clinical benefit for most of these drugs remains unknown. Repurposing drugs in veterinary oncology is a very new concept and only a few studies have been published so far. In this review, we summarize both the benefits and challenges of using repurposed anti-cancer drugs; we report and discuss the most relevant studies that have been previously published in small animal oncology, and we suggest potential drugs that could be clinically investigated for anti-cancer treatment in dogs and cats.

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Okuyama, Ryo. "Advancements in Drug Repurposing: Examples in Psychiatric Medications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (July 1, 2023): 11000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311000.

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Because there are a limited number of animal models for psychiatric diseases that can be extrapolated to humans, drug repurposing has been actively pursued. This study was aimed at uncovering recent trends in drug repurposing approaches and new technologies that can predict efficacy on humans based on animal models used in psychiatric drug development. Psychiatric drugs that were approved by the FDA between 2002 and 2022 were listed, and the method of how the drug repurposing has been applied was analyzed. Drug repurposing has been increasingly applied to recently approved psychiatric drugs. The development concepts of psychiatric drugs that have been developed through drug repurposing over the past 20 years were found to be divided into six categories: new application exploration, reduction of side effects, improvement of symptom control, improvement of medication compliance, enhancement of drug efficacy, and reduction of drug–drug interactions. All repurposed drugs approved before 2016 used either prodrugs or active metabolites, while all drugs approved in 2021 and beyond used fixed-dose combinations with sophisticated ideas. SmartCube®, which uses artificial intelligence to predict human drug efficacy from animal phenotypes, was developed and produced novel drugs that show clinical efficacy. Well-designed drug repurposing approaches and new technologies for predicting human drug efficacy based off of animal models would contribute to novel psychiatric drug development.

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Lee, Hyeong-Min, and Yuna Kim. "Drug Repurposing Is a New Opportunity for Developing Drugs against Neuropsychiatric Disorders." Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6378137.

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Better the drugs you know than the drugs you do not know. Drug repurposing is a promising, fast, and cost effective method that can overcome traditional de novo drug discovery and development challenges of targeting neuropsychiatric and other disorders. Drug discovery and development targeting neuropsychiatric disorders are complicated because of the limitations in understanding pathophysiological phenomena. In addition, traditional de novo drug discovery and development are risky, expensive, and time-consuming processes. One alternative approach, drug repurposing, has emerged taking advantage of off-target effects of the existing drugs. In order to identify new opportunities for the existing drugs, it is essential for us to understand the mechanisms of action of drugs, both biologically and pharmacologically. By doing this, drug repurposing would be a more effective method to develop drugs against neuropsychiatric and other disorders. Here, we review the difficulties in drug discovery and development in neuropsychiatric disorders and the extent and perspectives of drug repurposing.

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Le Govic, Yohann, Sandrine Houzé, and Nicolas Papon. "Repurposing Anticancer Drugs To Tackle Malaria." ChemMedChem 16, no. 14 (May 2021): 2192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.202100176.

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Crunkhorn, Sarah. "Deep learning framework for repurposing drugs." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 20, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41573-021-00006-w.

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Sookoian, Silvia, and Carlos J. Pirola. "Repurposing drugs to target nonalcoholic steatohepatitis." World Journal of Gastroenterology 25, no. 15 (April 21, 2019): 1783–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i15.1783.

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Amadio, Susanna, Federica Conte, Giorgia Esposito, Giulia Fiscon, Paola Paci, and Cinzia Volonté. "Repurposing Histaminergic Drugs in Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 6347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116347.

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Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with a strong neuroinflammatory component that contributes to severe demyelination, neurodegeneration and lesions formation in white and grey matter of the spinal cord and brain. Increasing attention is being paid to the signaling of the biogenic amine histamine in the context of several pathological conditions. In multiple sclerosis, histamine regulates the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors, reduces demyelination, and improves the remyelination process. However, the concomitant activation of histamine H1–H4 receptors can sustain either damaging or favorable effects, depending on the specifically activated receptor subtype/s, the timing of receptor engagement, and the central versus peripheral target district. Conventional drug development has failed so far to identify curative drugs for multiple sclerosis, thus causing a severe delay in therapeutic options available to patients. In this perspective, drug repurposing offers an exciting and complementary alternative for rapidly approving some medicines already approved for other indications. In the present work, we have adopted a new network-medicine-based algorithm for drug repurposing called SAveRUNNER, for quantifying the interplay between multiple sclerosis-associated genes and drug targets in the human interactome. We have identified new histamine drug-disease associations and predicted off-label novel use of the histaminergic drugs amodiaquine, rupatadine, and diphenhydramine among others, for multiple sclerosis. Our work suggests that selected histamine-related molecules might get to the root causes of multiple sclerosis and emerge as new potential therapeutic strategies for the disease.

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Hamilton, Gerhard, and Barbara Rath. "Repurposing of Anthelminthics as Anticancer Drugs." Oncomedicine 3 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/oncm.20563.

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Fulda, Simone. "Repurposing anticancer drugs for targeting necroptosis." Cell Cycle 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2018): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2018.1442626.

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Verbaanderd, Ciska, Lydie Meheus, Isabelle Huys, and Pan Pantziarka. "Repurposing Drugs in Oncology: Next Steps." Trends in Cancer 3, no. 8 (August 2017): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2017.06.007.

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Massey, T. H., and N. P. Robertson. "Repurposing drugs to treat neurological diseases." Journal of Neurology 265, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 446–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-8732-z.

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Das, Joydip. "Repurposing of Drugs–The Ketamine Story." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 63, no. 22 (September 11, 2020): 13514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01193.

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Gough, N. R. "Repurposing Antiepileptic Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis." Science Signaling 5, no. 239 (August 28, 2012): ec223-ec223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2003538.

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Yang, YS, SR Marder, and MF Green. "Repurposing Drugs for Cognition in Schizophrenia." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 101, no. 2 (November 24, 2016): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.529.

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Konreddy, Ananda Kumar, Grandhe Usha Rani, Kyeong Lee, and Yongseok Choi. "Recent Drug-Repurposing-Driven Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antibiotics." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 28 (October 25, 2019): 5363–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180706101404.

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: Drug repurposing is a safe and successful pathway to speed up the novel drug discovery and development processes compared with de novo drug discovery approaches. Drug repurposing uses FDA-approved drugs and drugs that failed in clinical trials, which have detailed information on potential toxicity, formulation, and pharmacology. Technical advancements in the informatics, genomics, and biological sciences account for the major success of drug repurposing in identifying secondary indications of existing drugs. Drug repurposing is playing a vital role in filling the gap in the discovery of potential antibiotics. Bacterial infections emerged as an ever-increasing global public health threat by dint of multidrug resistance to existing drugs. This raises the urgent need of development of new antibiotics that can effectively fight multidrug-resistant bacterial infections (MDRBIs). The present review describes the key role of drug repurposing in the development of antibiotics during 2016–2017 and of the details of recently FDA-approved antibiotics, pipeline antibiotics, and antibacterial properties of various FDA-approved drugs of anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-hyperlipidemia, antiinflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, genetic disorder, immune modulator, etc. Further, in view of combination therapies with the existing antibiotics, their potential for new implications for MDRBIs is discussed. The current review may provide essential data for the development of quick, safe, effective, and novel antibiotics for current needs and suggest acuity in its effective implications for inhibiting MDRBIs by repurposing existing drugs.

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Islam, Md Mohaiminul, Yang Wang, and Pingzhao Hu. "A Maximum Flow-Based Approach to Prioritize Drugs for Drug Repurposing of Chronic Diseases." Life 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11111115.

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The discovery of new drugs is required in the time of global aging and increasing populations. Traditional drug development strategies are expensive, time-consuming, and have high risks. Thus, drug repurposing, which treats new/other diseases using existing drugs, has become a very admired tactic. It can also be referred to as the re-investigation of the existing drugs that failed to indicate the usefulness for the new diseases. Previously published literature used maximum flow approaches to identify new drug targets for drug-resistant infectious diseases but not for drug repurposing. Therefore, we are proposing a maximum flow-based protein–protein interactions (PPIs) network analysis approach to identify new drug targets (proteins) from the targets of the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) drugs and their associated drugs for chronic diseases (such as breast cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) treatment. Experimental results showed that we have successfully turned the drug repurposing into a maximum flow problem. Our top candidates of drug repurposing, Guanidine, Dasatinib, and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate for breast cancer, IBD, and COPD were experimentally validated by other independent research as the potential candidate drugs for these diseases, respectively. This shows the usefulness of the proposed maximum flow approach for drug repurposing.

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Seliger, Corinna, and Peter Hau. "Drug Repurposing of Metabolic Agents in Malignant Glioma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 2768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092768.

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Gliomas are highly invasive brain tumors with short patient survival. One major pathogenic factor is aberrant tumor metabolism, which may be targeted with different specific and unspecific agents. Drug repurposing is of increasing interest in glioma research. Drugs interfering with the patient’s metabolism may also influence glioma metabolism. In this review, we outline definitions and methods for drug repurposing. Furthermore, we give insights into important candidates for a metabolic drug repurposing, namely metformin, statins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disulfiram and lonidamine. Advantages and pitfalls of drug repurposing will finally be discussed.

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Vlachos, Nikolaos, Marios Lampros, Spyridon Voulgaris, and George A. Alexiou. "Repurposing Antipsychotics for Cancer Treatment." Biomedicines 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9121785.

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Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with approximately 19 million new cases each year. Lately, several novel chemotherapeutic drugs have been introduced, efficiently inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. However, developing a new drug is a time- and money-consuming process, requiring around 1 billion dollars and nearly ten years, with only a minority of the initially effective anti-cancer drugs experimentally finally being efficient in human clinical trials. Drug repurposing for cancer treatment is an optimal alternative as the safety of these drugs has been previously tested, and thus, in case of successful preclinical studies, can be introduced faster and with a lower cost into phase 3 clinical trials. Antipsychotic drugs are associated with anti-cancer properties and, lately, there has been an increasing interest in their role in cancer treatment. In the present review, we discussed in detail the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of the most common typical and atypical antipsychotics, along with their mechanism of action.

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Wu, Yonghui, Jeremy L. Warner, Liwei Wang, Min Jiang, Jun Xu, Qingxia Chen, Hui Nian, et al. "Discovery of Noncancer Drug Effects on Survival in Electronic Health Records of Patients With Cancer: A New Paradigm for Drug Repurposing." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 3 (December 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.19.00001.

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PURPOSEDrug development is becoming increasingly expensive and time consuming. Drug repurposing is one potential solution to accelerate drug discovery. However, limited research exists on the use of electronic health record (EHR) data for drug repurposing, and most published studies have been conducted in a hypothesis-driven manner that requires a predefined hypothesis about drugs and new indications. Whether EHRs can be used to detect drug repurposing signals is not clear. We want to demonstrate the feasibility of mining large, longitudinal EHRs for drug repurposing by detecting candidate noncancer drugs that can potentially be used for the treatment of cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSBy linking cancer registry data to EHRs, we identified 43,310 patients with cancer treated at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and 98,366 treated at the Mayo Clinic. We assessed the effect of 146 noncancer drugs on cancer survival using VUMC EHR data and sought to replicate significant associations (false discovery rate < .1) using the identical approach with Mayo Clinic EHR data. To evaluate replicated signals further, we reviewed the biomedical literature and clinical trials on cancers for corroborating evidence.RESULTSWe identified 22 drugs from six drug classes (statins, proton pump inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and α-1 blockers) associated with improved overall cancer survival (false discovery rate < .1) from VUMC; nine of the 22 drug associations were replicated at the Mayo Clinic. Literature and cancer clinical trial evaluations also showed very strong evidence to support the repurposing signals from EHRs.CONCLUSIONMining of EHRs for drug exposure–mediated survival signals is feasible and identifies potential candidates for antineoplastic repurposing. This study sets up a new model of mining EHRs for drug repurposing signals.

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Saranraj, K., and P. Usha Kiran. "A study assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of drug repurposing among doctors in India." National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2, no. 2 (May 2024): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_24_24.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug repurposing, also known as the drug repositioning approach, involves the exploration of existing drugs, originally developed for one medical condition, for their potential efficacy in treating entirely different diseases. This abstract presents the findings of a knowledge, attitude, and practice study that delves into the understanding and perceptions of doctors, regarding the potential of drug repurposing. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study’s objective was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the drug repurposing and off-label use of drugs, among doctors in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was an observational, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted among doctors in India. The structured self-administered Google Forms based survey was distributed to the participants and their replies were gathered. There are 18 questions on the survey about knowledge, attitudes, and drug repurposing practices. RESULTS: A total of 250 doctors and postgraduate residents were issued the questionnaire and 196 of them responded – a response rate of 78.4%. Only 39.2% of participants got >70% marks in knowledge-related questions. The majority of participants (82.2%) considered that drug repurposing is beneficial for health care and using off-label drugs. Seventy-one percentage of participants ethically support drug repurposing. About 79.7% think that lack of information and safety issues are the main barriers to accepting drug repurposing. CONCLUSION: Drug repurposing leverages existing medication knowledge and data to speed up drug development, providing new treatments for various conditions. Our study reveals a physician’s knowledge gap on drug repurposing and off-label drug use, highlighting the need for pharmaceutical industry conferences and seminars to educate doctors.

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Avirineni, Pravalika, Sudheer K. Dundigalla, and Satyanarayana S. V. Padi. "Drug Repurposing for COVID-19: Current Status of Potential Therapeutics." Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 25, no. 11 (December 4, 2023): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2023/v25i11653.

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The maneuver clinical investigation of an effective drug for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still ongoing and the milieu of a successful investigational drug with proven efficacy is still obscure. Drug repurposing is a method to identify new therapeutic uses for existing drugs, which include approved, delayed, withdrawn, and investigational drugs and drug candidates. Indeed, the cost of the standard drug discovery and development process amounts to more than a billion dollars, and the investigations are expected to last 10–15 years. Notably, repurposing existing approved drugs is a potential, effective, and profitable approach as it significantly reduces the cost and time of developing a new drug. Owing to the established safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of potential drug candidates, drug repurposing may allow scientists to skip or shorten some critical steps of the traditional drug discovery and development process. Prospectively, advanced approaches could be harnessed to conduct proof-of-concept trials that would accelerate the clinical evaluation of repurposed drugs. Drawing lessons from repurposing efforts for COVID-19 therapeutics, the present review briefly summarizes the current status of various potential drugs that have been clinically evaluated for repurposing platforms as well as that could maximize safety, efficacy, and possible therapeutic benefits, both alone or in combination, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

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Plotnikov, D. Yu, E. M. Kolesnikova, and V. R. Khalilov. "Mendelian Randomization in Drug Repurposing." Medicina 11, no. 2 (2023): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29234/2308-9113-2023-11-2-29-41.

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The development of new drugs is a time consuming and costly process, so the use of approved drugs for new indications (repurposing) is a promising area of development for the pharmaceutical industry. There are two main approaches for drug development: experimental and computational. Currently, due to the availability of large data sets, computational methods, including those based on the use of artificial intelligence, are being actively developed. The widespread use of genetic data in drug development and repurposing has led to the development of such a field of science as pharmacogenetics. The availability of genome-wide association analyses and transcriptome data allow the Mendelian randomization method to be applied to determine the potential for drug repurposing. This article briefly describes the Mendelian randomization method and provides examples of its application to assess the effect of drugs on various diseases.

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Blessy Mariyam Babu. "Drug repurposing and it’s implications in therapy: an overview." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 4418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2661.

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Drug Repurposing is finding new use of an already existing drug. It offers affordable, cheap and faster treatment. Drug repurposing has an additional advantage over new drug development because it lowers drug development costs as toxicity and other measures, including clinical trials, have already gone through them. However, there are few barriers which need to overcome like legal and economic barriers. Alternative drug development strategies are now being explored, such as the repurposing of existing drugs used to treat other diseases. This can save a considerable amount of time and money since the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profiles of these drugs are already established, effectively enabling pre-clinical studies to be bypassed. Awareness and encouragement can promote the flourishing of drug repurposing, which holds a great future in the modern medical sector. Improvements in health care and nutrition have caused impressive improvements in life expectancy worldwide. Repurposing is an accelerated drug development path since existing drugs have clinical and pharmacokinetic evidence. New approaches to drug discovery, such as the re-use of patented medicines that are used to cure other diseases, are under debate. This can save significant time and money because these drugs' pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety profiles are already known, potentially enabling pre-clinical studies to override.

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Piplani, Sakshi, Puneet Singh, Nikolai Petrovsky, and David A. Winkler. "Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Drugs Binding to the Spike Fatty Acid Binding Pocket Using In Silico Docking and Molecular Dynamics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 20, 2023): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044192.

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Drugs against novel targets are needed to treat COVID-19 patients, especially as SARS-CoV-2 is capable of rapid mutation. Structure-based de novo drug design and repurposing of drugs and natural products is a rational approach to discovering potentially effective therapies. These in silico simulations can quickly identify existing drugs with known safety profiles that can be repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. Here, we employ the newly identified spike protein free fatty acid binding pocket structure to identify repurposing candidates as potential SARS-CoV-2 therapies. Using a validated docking and molecular dynamics protocol effective at identifying repurposing candidates inhibiting other SARS-CoV-2 molecular targets, this study provides novel insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its potential regulation by endogenous hormones and drugs. Some of the predicted repurposing candidates have already been demonstrated experimentally to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 activity, but most of the candidate drugs have yet to be tested for activity against the virus. We also elucidated a rationale for the effects of steroid and sex hormones and some vitamins on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 recovery.

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Saberian, Nafiseh, Azam Peyvandipour, Michele Donato, Sahar Ansari, and Sorin Draghici. "A new computational drug repurposing method using established disease–drug pair knowledge." Bioinformatics 35, no. 19 (March 6, 2019): 3672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz156.

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Abstract Motivation Drug repurposing is a potential alternative to the classical drug discovery pipeline. Repurposing involves finding novel indications for already approved drugs. In this work, we present a novel machine learning-based method for drug repurposing. This method explores the anti-similarity between drugs and a disease to uncover new uses for the drugs. More specifically, our proposed method takes into account three sources of information: (i) large-scale gene expression profiles corresponding to human cell lines treated with small molecules, (ii) gene expression profile of a human disease and (iii) the known relationship between Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and diseases. Using these data, our proposed method learns a similarity metric through a supervised machine learning-based algorithm such that a disease and its associated FDA-approved drugs have smaller distance than the other disease-drug pairs. Results We validated our framework by showing that the proposed method incorporating distance metric learning technique can retrieve FDA-approved drugs for their approved indications. Once validated, we used our approach to identify a few strong candidates for repurposing. Availability and implementation The R scripts are available on demand from the authors. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Jayaram, Saravanan, Emdormi Rymbai, Deepa Sugumar, and Divakar Selvaraj. "Drug Repurposing: A Paradigm Shift in Drug Discovery." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH 5, no. 04 (June 30, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21477/ijapsr.5.4.2.

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The traditional methods of drug discovery and drug development are a tedious, complex, and costly process. Target identification, target validation; lead identification; and lead optimization are a lengthy and unreliable process that further complicates the discovery of new drugs. A study of more than 15 years reports that the success rate in the discovery of new drugs in the fields of ophthalmology, cardiovascular, infectious disease, and oncology to be 32.6%, 25.5%, 25.2% and 3.4%, respectively. A tedious and costly process coupled with a very low success rate makes the traditional drug discovery a less attractive option. Therefore, an alternative to traditional drug discovery is drug repurposing, a process in which already existing drugs are repurposed for conditions other than which were originally intended. Typical examples of repurposed drugs are thalidomide, sildenafil, memantine, mirtazapine, mifepristone, etc. In recent times, several databases have been developed to hasten drug repurposing based on the side effect profile, the similarity of chemical structure, and target site. This work reviews the pivotal role of drug repurposing in drug discovery and the databases currently available for drug repurposing.

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Bhatia, Priyansha, Akash Chauhan, Gagan Porwal, and Vikesh Shukla. "Regulatory aspects on repurposing of drugs in the management of COVID-19." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v10i1.503.

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Drug repurposing involves the disquisition of using medicines for new remedial purposes. With the increasing waste production, given the costs and tiresome pace of new medicine search, repurposing of medicines already in the market to treat all kinds of conditions is decreasingly getting a selective approval because uses the composites that have been de-risked, with lesser development costs and shorter timelines of developing the drug. Colourful and experimental data approaches have been used for the identification of the medicines to be repurposed. There are also major technical and non-supervisory challenges that need to be addressed. In this review, we present the different kinds of approaches used for medicine repurposing, study the challenges faced by the scientists during repurposing as well as recommend ways by which these challenges could be overcome to help realize the full potential of medicine repurposing. Drug displacing is the repurposing of an already existing medicine for the treatment of a different complaint or medical condition than that for which it was firstly developed. This is one line of scientific exploration which is being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments. Other exploration directions include the discovery of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent tube transfusion. Several being antiviral specifics, preliminarily developed or used as treatments for SARS, MERS, HIV/ AIDS, and malaria, have been delved as implicit COVID‐19 treatments, with some moving into clinical trials. Monoclonal antibodies under disquisition for repurposing include anti-IL-6 agents (tocilizumab) and anti-IL-8 (BMS-986253). This is in resemblance to new monoclonal antibody medicines developed specifically for COVID-19.

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Haddad, Natalia, Sara Magura Gamaethige, Nadine Wehida, and Ahmed Elbediwy. "Drug Repurposing: Exploring Potential Anti-Cancer Strategies by Targeting Cancer Signalling Pathways." Biology 13, no. 6 (May 28, 2024): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13060386.

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The repurposing of previously clinically approved drugs as an alternative therapeutic approach to treating disease has gained significant attention in recent years. A multitude of studies have demonstrated various and successful therapeutic interventions with these drugs in a wide range of neoplastic diseases, including multiple myeloma, leukaemia, glioblastoma, and colon cancer. Drug repurposing has been widely encouraged due to the known efficacy, safety, and convenience of already established drugs, allowing the bypass of the long and difficult road of lead optimization and drug development. Repurposing drugs in cancer therapy is an exciting prospect due to the ability of these drugs to successfully target cancer-associated genes, often dysregulated in oncogenic signalling pathways, amongst which are the classical cancer signalling pathways; WNT (wingless-related integration type) and Hippo signalling. These pathways play a fundamental role in controlling organ size, tissue homeostasis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, all hallmarks of cancer initiation and progression. Prolonged dysregulation of these pathways has been found to promote uncontrolled cellular growth and malignant transformation, contributing to carcinogenesis and ultimately leading to malignancy. However, the translation of cancer signalling pathways and potential targeted therapies in cancer treatment faces ongoing challenges due to the pleiotropic nature of cancer cells, contributing to resistance and an increased rate of incomplete remission in patients. This review provides analyses of a range of potential anti-cancer compounds in drug repurposing. It unravels the current understanding of the molecular rationale for repurposing these drugs and their potential for targeting key oncogenic signalling pathways.

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Phadke, Mrudula A., and Sujata Saunik. "COVID19 and Repurposing of Drugs for Prophylaxis." British Journal of Medical and Health Research 7, no. 7 (July 25, 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46624/bjmhr.2020.v7.i7.005.

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Fontinha, Diana, Isabel Moules, and Miguel Prudêncio. "Repurposing Drugs to Fight Hepatic Malaria Parasites." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153409.

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Malaria remains one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide, primarily affecting some of the most vulnerable populations around the globe. Despite achievements in the treatment of this devastating disease, there is still an urgent need for the discovery of new drugs that tackle infection by Plasmodium parasites. However, de novo drug development is a costly and time-consuming process. An alternative strategy is to evaluate the anti-plasmodial activity of compounds that are already approved for other purposes, an approach known as drug repurposing. Here, we will review efforts to assess the anti-plasmodial activity of existing drugs, with an emphasis on the obligatory and clinically silent liver stage of infection. We will also review the current knowledge on the classes of compounds that might be therapeutically relevant against Plasmodium in the context of other communicable diseases that are prevalent in regions where malaria is endemic. Repositioning existing compounds may constitute a faster solution to the current gap of prophylactic and therapeutic drugs that act on Plasmodium parasites, overall contributing to the global effort of malaria eradication.

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Venkatesan, Priya. "Repurposing drugs for treatment of COVID-19." Lancet Respiratory Medicine 9, no. 7 (July 2021): e63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00270-8.

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Nair, Gopakumar G. "REPURPOSING OR SECONDARY USE OF KNOWN DRUGS." INDIAN DRUGS 57, no. 05 (July 1, 2020): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.57.05.p0005.

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Repurposing of drugs was most often a strategic approach, though by “serendipity” in few instances. Early practice of pharmacovigilance in USA, led to near ‘serendipitous’ addition to market value for many “first use” drugs. Glaxo-Welcome’s Bupropion brand “Wellbutrin” was first approved for treatment of depression. While “Wellbutrin” received an average response in the anti-depression segment, pharmacovigilance reports to FDA was perplexing. Patients gave conflicting response. While a few wanted to change to another drug, many others wanted to continue the use of the prescribed drug even after being advised to stop. The reason when investigated, was that the patients felt the urge to discontinue smoking, which was acceptable to some, while not to others. When this finding was received by the FDA from multiple specialists, Glaxo-Welcome was asked to conduct a full study on a priority basis. Consequently, FDA granted a fast track approval for use of Bupropion for smoking cessation. Antidepressant “Wellbutrin” opened up new pathway for smokers to “kick the Butts” through its second use “Avatar”, in form of “Zyban” for smoking cessation and become the first global breakthrough drug of choice for this second use. Pharmacovigilance helps in developing a road map for secondary use.

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