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1
Marks, Robert. "A Freer Market for Heroin in Australia: Alternatives to Subsidizing Organized Crime." Journal of Drug Issues 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 131–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269002000109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problems associated with illicit drug use in general, and the illicit use of heroin in particular, have led to stringent attempts by Australian governments to enforce the laws against drug abuse. The strongest reaction of the criminal justice system has been toward heroin, with a total prohibition on heroin importation, manufacture, distribution, possession, and use. Before attempting to evaluate the extent and costs of heroin use today, this paper reviews the evolution of laws and social attitudes toward heroin in Australia. Using an economic framework for analyzing the black market in heroin, the paper examines proposals for enforcing the prohibition by tightening the supply side, and by reducing the demand for heroin. It argues that attempts to restrict the supply have had the effect of increasing the costs borne not only by the users but by society at large, through increases in acquisitive crime and police corruption. On utilitarian grounds it concludes that the costs to society of the prohibition far outweigh the costs of a policy of freer availability, and suggests that a policy of government supply of price-controlled heroin and methadone would be far preferable to today's failed policy of prohibition.
2
EASTEAL, PATRICIA. "Women in Australian Prisons: The Cycle of Abuse and Dysfunctional Environments." Prison Journal 81, no. 1 (March 2001): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885501081001007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A significant proportion of Australian female inmates are drug addicts and women who have experienced violence as children and/or as adults. Ironically, the three rules (“Don't talk,” “Don't trust,” and “Don't feel”) that many therefore grew up with are present within the prison institutional culture and structure. The female prison population is relatively small. As a result, many women are placed inappropriately in maximum-security facilities and have limited programs for employment, education, and drug/violence issues. Comparison of results from empirical research conducted in the early 1990s with recent data reveals that although there have been some positive steps implemented, they have not greatly affected the dysfunctional women's prison culture. For the most part these continue to ignore the specific needs of women (and victims of violence). Thus the tragic generational cycle of violence-crime-prison-violence-crime-prison persists.
3
Nugraha, Maulana Fuad, and Robert Antonio. "Drug Abuse in the Young Generation: Law Enforcement Challenges (Comparative Study of Indonesia and Australia)." Journal of Creativity Student 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jcs.v7i1.36177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drug abuse that occurs is mostly carried out by the younger generation starting from their teens, this is due to the fact that teenagers are a period where humans are very vulnerable and easily influenced by various bad influences from their circle, drug abuse is one of the, and as if it has been addressed by them as a trend in this modern era. Drugs can cause addiction effects for users, and on this basis they will try their best to get and use them again. This problem is supported by students’ access to various resources where they have their own pocket money and very broad association. Meanwhile, narcotics abuse itself is one of the crimes that can cause a lot of damage which is regulated in a special law, namely Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. This law was drafted to eradicate narcotics criminals and regulates criminal sanctions that can be given to them and the parties involved in their distribution, this is necessary considering the massive impact that this dangerous substance can have.
4
Sara, Grant, Clifford Baxter, Patricia Menendez, and Julia Lappin. "Amphetamine availability predicts amphetamine-related mental health admissions: A time series analysis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 11 (March 19, 2018): 1050–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418763538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Amphetamine use and availability have increased in Australia and there are concerns that this has led to more frequent hospital admissions with amphetamine-related psychosis. This study examines whether amphetamine-related admissions to mental health units are more common at times of greater amphetamine availability. Methods: We conducted an ecological study using aggregate crime and health service data for NSW, Australia, from January 2000 to March 2015. Amphetamine-related criminal incidents (arrests or cautions for possession or use) were used as an indirect measure of amphetamine availability. Semiparametric time series analysis was used to compare monthly arrest rates to monthly hospitalisation rates for (1) amphetamine abuse or dependence, (2) amphetamine-related psychosis and (3) any psychosis. Results: Amphetamine-related admissions to NSW mental health units have increased four- to fivefold since 2009 and comprised approximately 10% of all admissions to these units in early 2015. There was a significant association between arrests and amphetamine-related admissions. After adjustment for seasonal variation, this effect demonstrated a time lag of 1–2 months. There was no relationship between amphetamine arrests and overall admissions for psychosis. Conclusion: Greater amphetamine availability significantly predicts admissions for amphetamine use disorders and amphetamine-related psychosis. Better treatment strategies are needed to break the nexus between drug availability and drug-related harm.
5
Nuryanto, Carto. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CRIMINAL SANCTION POLICY AND ACTION (DOUBLE TRACK SYSTEM) IN LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR NARCOTIC CRIME PREVENTION REFFERED TO RELIGIOUS JUSTICE." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 5, no. 3 (December 11, 2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v5i3.3756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Narcotics abuse is a dangerous problem that can impede the progress of the Indonesian nation in implementing development in every sector of life. Where we know that Indonesia in the decade of the '70s had not yet become a lucrative area for drug marketing. At that time, this country is only a transit area for illicit goods to be shipped to Australia or to other Asia Pacific countries. But two decades later, Indonesia has become a lucrative market for the drug dealers. Even touted to be producers of goods that can make sense of hovering it. The problems faced today are related to the drug is that North Sumatra ranked third after Jakarta and East Kalimantan in the rate of drug users. Setting up a rehabilitation center for criminals, especially drug is a solution. They need the healing process of the illicit drug dependence. Jail is not the best solution for this problem, hold but also perform medical therapy before going to work and we call it “double track system”. It's no secret that many drug users in Penitentiary but still drug dependence. This is because they just physically restrained but the disease has not been cured. They need treatment that has not been achieved. It's no secret that many drug users in Penitentiary but still drug dependence. This is because they just physically restrained but the disease has not been cured. They need treatment that has not been achieved. It's no secret that many drug users in Penitentiary but still drug dependence. This is because they just physically restrained but the disease has not been cured. They need treatment that has not been achieved.
6
Aliyeva, Zamina. "The Law Aspects in Health Management: A Bibliometric Analysis of Issues on the Injury, Damage and Harm in Criminal Law." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2020): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.3-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents the analysis of the approaches to define the areas of research on the injury, damage and harm to human health in criminal law. The obtained results proved that crimes, connected to drugs abuse, their legislation become an essential part of the issues. At the same, developing of government control, medical standards, improving quality of medical education balancing the «medical mistake – injury to human’s health – jurisprudence consequences» triangle in the tendency of the injury, damage and harm in criminal laware becoming very important to the healthcare system due to increasing requirements of regulators, customers and shareholders. The paper aimed to analyse the tendency in the literature on the injury, damage and harm in criminal law, which published in books, journals, conference proceedings etc. to identify future research directions. The methodological tools are VOSviewer, Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) software. This study covers 1072 papers from Scopus and WoS database. The time for analysis were 1970-2020. The Scopus and WoS analyse showed that in 2012-2019 the numbers of papers on the injury, damage and harm in criminal law issues began to increase. However, the topics changed from general issues to the problem of decriminalisation of drug trafficking, and the corresponding paradigm shift in the punishment of some crimes, increasing interest in punishing corporations for violating environmental regulations. In 2017 the number of documents dedicated to injury, damage and harm in criminal law was increased by 667% compared to 2012. The main subject areas of analyses of the injury, damage and harm in criminal law were the next: Law, Public environmental, occupational health, Criminology penology, Substance abuse, Psychiatry, Medicine. The biggest amount of investigations of the injury, damage and harm in criminal law was published by the scientists from the USA, United Kingdom, Australia and Canada. In 2019 such journals with high impact factor as International Journal of Drug Policy, International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, The Lancet etc. published the number of issues, which analysed of the injury, damage and harm to human health in criminal law. Such results proved that theme on the injury, damage and harm to human health in criminal law is actually in the ongoing trends of the modern jurisprudence and regulation. The findings from VOSviewer defined 6 clusters of the papers which analysed the injury, damage and harm to human health in criminal law from the different points of views. The first biggest cluster (with the biggest number of connections) merged the keywords as follows: criminal justice, law enforcement, public health, health care policy, harm reduction, drug legislation, drug and narcotic control, substance abuse, homelessness etc. The second significant cluster integrated the keywords as follows: criminal behaviour, crime victim, adolescent, violence, mental health, mental disease, prisoner, young people, rape, police etc. The third biggest cluster concentrated on criminal aspects of jurisprudence, criminal law, human right, legal liability, social control, government regulation etc. The obtained results allow concluding that balancing the triangles «medical mistakes – criminal – education» and «drugs – criminal – justice» and «abortion – criminal – women/children» form an important part of the injury, damage and harm in criminal law issues. Keywords injury, damage, harm, human health, criminal law, management, governance.
7
Dembo, Richard, Linda Williams, James Schmeidler, Eric D. Wish, Alan Getreu, and Estrellita Berry. "Juvenile Crime and Drug Abuse:." Journal of Addictive Diseases 11, no. 2 (April 15, 1992): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j069v11n02_02.
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8
Benda, Brent B. "Crime, Drug Abuse and Mental Illness." Journal of Social Service Research 13, no. 3 (March 30, 1990): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j079v13n03_03.
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9
Ritson, Bruce. "Combatting drug abuse and related crime." Social Science & Medicine 21, no. 9 (January 1985): 1055–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(85)90428-9.
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10
Grichting, Wolfgang L., and James G. Barber. "Fighting Drug Abuse in Australia." International Journal of the Addictions 23, no. 5 (January 1988): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826088809039214.
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11
Benda, Brent B. "Crime, drug abuse, mental illness, and homelessness." Deviant Behavior 8, no. 4 (January 1987): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1987.9967756.
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12
CHONG, JENNY. "Crime Indicators for Alcohol and Drug Abuse." Criminal Justice and Behavior 25, no. 3 (September 1998): 283–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854898025003001.
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13
Sharif, Behjat. "Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i1.1658.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000 (SACPA), also known as Proposition 36, became effective on July 1, 2001. It allows certain nonviolent drug offenders into community-based drug treatment programs instead of incarceration. Funds have been allocated to the California counties for implementation of the law over a five year period. The program involves the cooperation and collaboration of professionals and agencies within the state’s two social service systems: criminal justice and public health. Initial evaluation indicates SACPA’s effectiveness in reducing jail and prison populations, saving funds, and providing drug treatment to a large number of SACPA recipients. The implementation process has faced a number of challenges that must be resolved to ensure Californians’ trust that treatment is more effective than punishment of drug abusers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the SACPA initiative and present an analysis of its benefits and challenges. Additionally, suggestions are made for health educators’ intervention to ensure effectiveness of SACPA programs in improving public health.
14
Chandra, Erika. "Victimless Crime in Indonesia: Should We Punished Them?" PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (August 2019): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Criminal act deserves punishment because it causes harmful to its victim. However, some criminal acts may be considered as victimless crime since the perpetrator is also the victim. They are, for example, drug abuse, gambling, and abortion. In many states, such as Netherlands, victimless crime like drug abuse are no longer considered to be punishable crime since they use harm reduction approach for drug abuse problem. Drug abuse is seen as a health issue, not a criminal law issue. On the contrary, Indonesia still considers victimless crime to be punishable. The Indonesian Penal Code and Narcotics Law, for example, regulate that drug abuse is punishable. Indonesian criminal policy uses zero tolerance approach. Hence, the criminal policy is to eradicate all narcotics offences, including drug abuse. Nevertheless, it is not a solution for the problem drug abuse. Furthermore, the number of Indonesian drug user is increased. The policy has also caused overcrowd in Indonesian correctional institutions. Considering its unique characteristic and contemplating the purpose of punishment itself, punishment for victimless crime should be reconsidered. This article aims to bring perspectives on this matter by using juridical normative method with regulation, comparative, and case study approaches.
15
Chandra, Erika. "Victimless Crime in Indonesia: Should We Punished Them?" PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 02 (August 2019): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n2.a1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Criminal act deserves punishment because it causes harmful to its victim. However, some criminal acts may be considered as victimless crime since the perpetrator is also the victim. They are, for example, drug abuse, gambling, and abortion. In many states, such as Netherlands, victimless crime like drug abuse are no longer considered to be punishable crime since they use harm reduction approach for drug abuse problem. Drug abuse is seen as a health issue, not a criminal law issue. On the contrary, Indonesia still considers victimless crime to be punishable. The Indonesian Penal Code and Narcotics Law, for example, regulate that drug abuse is punishable. Indonesian criminal policy uses zero tolerance approach. Hence, the criminal policy is to eradicate all narcotics offences, including drug abuse. Nevertheless, it is not a solution for the problem drug abuse. Furthermore, the number of Indonesian drug user is increased. The policy has also caused overcrowd in Indonesian correctional institutions. Considering its unique characteristic and contemplating the purpose of punishment itself, punishment for victimless crime should be reconsidered. This article aims to bring perspectives on this matter by using juridical normative method with regulation, comparative, and case study approaches.
16
Dave, Dhaval, Monica Deza, and Brady Horn. "Prescription drug monitoring programs, opioid abuse, and crime." Southern Economic Journal 87, no. 3 (January 2021): 808–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/soej.12481.
Повний текст джерела
17
NDAGIJIMANA, Dominique. "Drug Abuse Management Strategies and Reduction of Crime Rate among the Youth in Rwanda. A Case of Gatunda and Karama of Nyagatare District." Journal of Strategic Management 6, no. 5 (October 3, 2022): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overall objective of the study was to assess drug abuse management strategies and reduction of crime rate among youth in Rwanda. The specific objectives were to assess the demand and supply reduction strategy of drug abuse put in place in Nyagatare District, to examine the rate of crime associated with drug abuse among youth in Nyagatare District, to assess the role of harm reduction strategy of drug abuse on reduction of crime rate among youth in two selected sectors of Nyagatare District and to determine the role of community involvement in drug abuse management in two selected sectors of Nyagatare District. This study used a descriptive research design with both quantitative and qualitative data. The target population comprises the District youth culture and sport officers, social affairs at Sector level, cell executive secretaries and heads of villages. In total they were 225 from whom a sample of 144 was selected. Researcher used a simple random sampling technique and data were collected using questionnaire and interview guide. The analysis of data was done through statistical product of service analysis (SPSS) version 21. Bivarate analysis, mean, standard deviation with 95% of inferences, p-value less than 0.05, simple and multiple logistic regression model were all determined. The study findings showed that 1.672 of mean and 0.617 of standard deviation showed that the application of demand, supply and harm reduction strategies were used to achieve reduction of crime related crime among youth. Findings also showed before putting in place strategies, there were high rate of drug abuse related crime as indicated by the mean of 1.826 and 0.629 of standard deviation. As indicated, the rate of drug abuse was at 4% (confirmed at mean of 1.646 and 0.548 of standard deviation).It also shifted to vary between 4%-8% (mean of 2.007 and 0.705 of standard deviation). Drug abuse related crime shifted up to 16% (as indicated by the mean of 1.639 and 0.696 of standard deviation. The study findings showed that harm reduction strategy played important role as indicated at the mean of 1.535 and standard deviation of 0.566. As indicated, trade restrictions (at mean of 1.957 and 0.830 of standard deviation), involvement of community (at mean of 1.625and standard deviation of 0.553), application of punishments (at mean of 1.772 and 0.674 of standard deviation) were all seen as important in reduction of related crime rate. Thus, the involvement of community measures decision making, taking preventive measures (at mean of 1.806 and 0.519 of standard deviation). As recommendation, there is a need of ongoing awareness campaign of applying different strategies of reducing demand of drug, supply of drug and harm related crime rate. Keywords: Drug abuse management strategies, Drug abuse, Drug related crime, Reduction of drug related crime.
18
Sharif, Behjat. "The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v1i1.377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000 (SACPA), also known as Proposition 36, became effective on July 1, 2001. It allows certain nonviolent drug offenders into community-based drug treatment programs instead of incarceration. Funds have been allocated to the California counties for implementation of the law over a five year period. The program involves the cooperation and collaboration of professionals and agencies within the state’s two social service systems: criminal justice and public health. Initial evaluation indicates SACPA’s effectiveness in reducing jail and prison populations, saving funds, and providing drug treatment to a large number of SACPA recipients. The implementation process has faced a number of challenges that must be resolved to ensure Californians’ trust that treatment is more effective than punishment of drug abusers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the SACPA initiative and present an analysis of its benefits and challenges. Additionally, suggestions are made for health educators’ intervention to ensure effectiveness of SACPA programs in improving public health.
19
Denton, Barbara, and Pat O'Malley. "Property Crime and Women Drug Dealers in Australia." Journal of Drug Issues 31, no. 2 (April 2001): 465–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260103100206.
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20
Nwogu, Mary Imelda Obianuju. "Drug Abuse and Crime – The Challenges to Nation Building." American Journal of Law 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajl.1262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: Drug abuse and crime are very strongly linked and connected, one may precede the other. The close connect between drug use and criminal behaviour is supported by many studies. Drug use or abuse and crimes are prevalent among the youths, who are the age range most needed for productive work and nation building or development. Drugs decrease cognitive operations, making it difficult, and at times impossible for the young person to develop a functional set of values and ideals. Consequently drug and crimes pose very great and grave challenges to nation building and development of the society.
Methodology: Several books, journals, internet materials and case laws reviewed have analyzed drug use/abuse by the youths, stated the consequences and decried it.
Findings: Unfortunately, this has not received adequate, sufficient or and commensurate attention the world over, worse still in developing countries of the world as Nigeria. It has negatively affected the behavior and conduct of users particularly the younger generation and consequently a clog to nation building.
Recommendations: It is recommended that drug abuse and crimes can be drastically reduced or completely eradicated by good training and nurturing of the child by political and social institutions; putting in place adequate legal framework with effective enforcement mechanism; proper education of the public. By Comity of nations giving adequate attention to curbing the use of drugs, drug abuse and drug addiction.
21
Nordstrom, Benjamin R., and Charles A. Dackis. "Drugs and Crime." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 39, no. 4 (December 2011): 663–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318531103900407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drug law violations and other crimes related to substance abuse incur dire costs in terms of both financial outlay and human suffering. This review of the current professional literature addresses the identification of risk factors and the longitudinal course of addiction and criminal behavior. Results indicate that neither criminally active drug users nor drug users in general are monolithic groups in terms of manifestations of criminal behavior. Drug use and criminal activity are depicted as mutually facilitative behaviors, with research outcomes tending to convey that although drug addiction does not turn nonviolent criminals into violent criminals, active addiction does increase the frequency of criminal activity.
22
FRY, LINCOLN J. "DRUG ABUSE AND CRIME IN A SWEDISH BIRTH COHORT." British Journal of Criminology 25, no. 1 (January 1985): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047489.
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23
Harrison, Lana, and Joseph Gfroerer. "The Intersection of Drug Use and Criminal Behavior: Results from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse." Crime & Delinquency 38, no. 4 (October 1992): 422–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128792038004002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1991, questions on involvement in criminal behavior and being arrested and booked for a crime were added to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) to ascertain the relationship between drug use and criminal behavior. Analysis shows that drug use is a strong correlate of being booked for a criminal offense, but age is the more important correlate of criminal involvement. There were few differences in models predicting violent as opposed to property crime, although minority status was a more important predictor of violent crime, and poverty was a more important predictor of property crime. Cocaine use was the most important covariate of being booked for a crime in large metropolitan areas that were oversampled in the 1991 NHSDA.
24
Reza, Fahmi. "Verdict Prison For Drug Abuse." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 2 (September 15, 2018): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i2.3275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drug abuse crime is becoming increasingly widespread, especially among the younger generation where the younger generation is the main pillar of a nation that can endanger the survival of the nation in the future. There is a difference of perception between law enforcement regarding the criminalization of the offenses related to drug abuse convictions were deemed less appropriate prison committed against to drugs. Scriptwriting non study was conducted using literature study using laws in Act No. 35 of 2009 challenged the Narcotics and the Supreme Court Circular No. 4 of 2010placement of abuse, abusers and drug addicts into rehabilitation institute of medical and social rehabilitation. The conclusion of this script writing is that the administration of prison sentences against offenders in this respect addicts who are victims of drug abuse should not be done and prioritize rehabilitation verdict.Keywords: Verdict Prison; Drug Abuse; Rehabilitation.
25
Folds, Ralph. "Aboriginal crime at the cultural interface in Central Australia." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, no. 1 (December 6, 2017): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659017743785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Very high levels of Australian Aboriginal offending, incarceration and recidivism have been analysed almost exclusively in terms of the classic association between crime rates and low socioeconomic status, poor education, unemployment and alcohol and substance abuse. This article draws on participatory research with Central Australian Aboriginal prisoners and former prisoners and their families to provide understandings of the difficulties both societies experience at the justice interface. It is argued that conflicting cultural precepts underpinning Australian Aboriginal and Western ideas of justice are significant in explaining the high rates of offending in Central Australia.
26
Rifqi, Muhammad, and Ernalem Bangun. "DRUG CRIME AS A THREAT TO INDONESIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i3.871.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Drug crime—i.e. narcotic drug abuse, smuggling, and trafficking—is still a serious problem for many countries. In Indonesia, it is perceived as a threat to national security and Indonesians' well-being. It is not surprising, then, if the government of Indonesia declared war on drugs to preserve Indonesia's national security. The systemic measures to address the drugs problem formulated as an integrated program consists of eradication and prevention of drug smuggling and trafficking, and rehabilitation for the victims of drug abuse. This study discusses the implementation of the program as a part of maintaining national security, as well as its constraints and obstacles. Riau Islands Province was chosen as a case study. The data collection was conducted by in-depth interviews, focused group discussion, and literature studies. In analyzing the data, it uses the theory of drug abuse prevention to organize and to interpret the findings. The result of the analysis shows that several obstacles still hinder the effectiveness of the government's efforts in combating drug crime. In the eradication of narcotic drug smuggling and illicit trafficking, the main obstacles manifest in geographical challenges, regulatory constraints, and technological shortcomings. In the prevention of drug crime, the real effectiveness of socialization as the main tool of prevention is hard to be measured and evaluated. In the rehabilitation of drug abuse victims, the main obstacles are the low awareness of the community, the limited availability of counselors and other infrastructures, and the unsupportive legal system.</p>
27
Tunnell, Kenneth D. "The OxyContin Epidemic and Crime Panic in Rural Kentucky." Contemporary Drug Problems 32, no. 2 (June 2005): 225–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090503200204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the late 1990s in the United States, rural Kentucky (and rural pockets of nearby states) witnessed the emergence of a new pharmaceutical drug of abuse. The powerful oxycodone OxyContin, first manufactured in 1996 and designed for time-release pain relief, found a ready population in rural hamlets and mountain communities. Intended for patients in pain associated with terminal disease, it became a drug of abuse as it was overprescribed and trafficked within newly developed black markets. This paper describes the takeoff of this new drug of abuse, its antecedents, its effects on rural communities, and coordinated efforts at containing it. Following the trends in use and abuse, this paper presents evidence of an epidemic created in part by organizations in both the private and the public sectors. The paper also describes the much publicized and alleged relationship between OxyContin use and increasing crime rates in Kentucky (and the surrounding Appalachian region). This paper shows that this drug-crime connection, propagated by media and government sources, has been socially constructed and bears little resemblance to empirical reality.
28
Bayu, Faryzuhud. "Capital Punishment for Drug Abuse Crime: Legal Limitations and Requirements." Law Research Review Quarterly 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v7i4.48175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I write this paper about the death penalty for narcotics dealers, many countries still apply the death penalty like one of them is Indonesia, although many criticize the execution of capital punishment for drug dealers, but the death penalty is still done in Indonesia, because it is believed to be the most appropriate step for the drug dealers who have damaged this generation of Indonesian nation, and in this paper I justify or approve if the drug dealer is sentenced to death because the drugs damage the young generation and damage the nation's morale.
29
Rajkumar, Andrew S., and Michael T. French. "Drug abuse, crime costs, and the economic benefits of treatment." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 13, no. 3 (September 1997): 291–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02221094.
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30
Jorgensen, Cody, Nathaniel E. Anderson, and J. C. Barnes. "Bad Brains: Crime and Drug Abuse from a Neurocriminological Perspective." American Journal of Criminal Justice 41, no. 1 (January 9, 2016): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12103-015-9328-0.
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Scardaccione, Gilda. "Drug Addiction and Juvenile Justice." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 4 (October 1994): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drug abuse in juveniles is a complex juridical matter. There is neither specific legislation enacted nor special therapeutic programs for deviant populations of this age. Statistics are limited to drug addicts who have been involved with state agencies, such as administrative, judicial or police departments. In recent years some reforms have been enacted, especially for procedural aspects of the trial. Legislation now in force offers opportunities for alternative dispositions for juvenile drug addicts, including educational programs under the supervision of social service agencies. This situation can be improved further by better coordination between drug abuse legislation and juridical norms concerning the procedural phase of the trial. The problem of juveniles and drug abuse, especially when organized crime is involved, has distinctive characteristics which require different control strategies. Peer group influences seem to be the primary psychological dynamic motivating adolescent drug abuse.
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Nyabadza, Farai, and Lezanie Coetzee. "A Systems Dynamic Model for Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime in the Western Cape Province of South Africa." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4074197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The complex problem of drug abuse and drug-related crimes in communities in the Western Cape province cannot be studied in isolation but through the system they are embedded in. In this paper, a theoretical model to evaluate the syndemic of substance abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape province of South Africa is constructed and explored. The dynamics of drug abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape are simulated using STELLA software. The simulation results are consistent with the data from SACENDU and CrimeStats SA, highlighting the usefulness of such a model in designing and planning interventions to combat substance abuse and its related problems.
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Marome, Wijitbusaba Ann. "Design Out Crime: Creating Safe and Sustainable Communities." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 6, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v6i2.168766.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crime and fear of crime are significantconcerns for communities, including residents,workers and so on. There are many driving factors,including social exclusion, poverty, drug abuse,psychological problems, family breakdown, economictrends and so on, behind crime. Inferior grade ofdesigns of housing and residential environment arealso one of the key driving factors of crime andfear of crime.
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Nešić, Ana, and Oliver Lajić. "Juveniles' Perception of Drug Crime Among Young People." Kultura polisa 19, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2022.19.4r.1nl.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern society is affected by the problem of drug addiction and drug crime on a global and national level, and the damaging consequences of drug abuse are extremely serious and widespread. The fact that minors are more often than before in the role of perpetrators of criminal acts related to narcotic drugs contributes to the additional seriousness of the overall situation. As the trend of drug crime among young people in the last few years indicates growing of this phenomenon in our society, the focus of our work will be determining the importance of certain factors on the perception of young people about drug crime. In order to achieve this task, we conducted a survey among high school students whose goal was to examine the influence of family environment and school environment factors, and also influence of certain media content on their perception of drug crime. A hundred students participated in this research. The research results show that the socio-demographic characteristics of young people do not have a significant impact on their perception of drug crime. The school environment, on the other hand, has a more dominant influence, due to the existence of convenient places for buying and selling drugs in close proximity to school, as well as the presence of people who "deal" drugs. In addition, minors are strongly influenced by their peers who previously had some experiences with the abuse of narcotic drugs. The research results indicate a high level of liking media content about drug crime among young people, but also an insufficiently developed awareness among them about the impact that such content has on them.
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Bahr, Stephen J., Amber L. Masters, and Bryan M. Taylor. "What Works in Substance Abuse Treatment Programs for Offenders?" Prison Journal 92, no. 2 (March 21, 2012): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885512438836.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this article is to review current empirical research on the effectiveness of drug treatment programs, particularly those for prisoners, parolees, and probationers. The authors reviewed empirical research published after the year 2000 that they classified as Level 3 or higher on the Maryland Scale. Participants in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), therapeutic communities, and drug courts had lower rates of drug use and crime than comparable individuals who did not receive treatment. Several different types of pharmacological treatments were associated with a reduced frequency of drug use. Those who received contingency management tended to use drugs less frequently, particularly if they also received cognitive-behavioral therapy. Finally, researchers reported that drug use and crime were lower among individuals whose treatment was followed by an aftercare program. Effective treatment programs tend to (a) focus on high-risk offenders, (b) provide strong inducements to receive treatment, (c) include several different types of interventions simultaneously, (d) provide intensive treatment, and (e) include an aftercare component.
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Yunus, Nur Rohim, Siti Nurhalimah, Latipah Nasution, and Siti Romlah. "Drug Abuse as an Extra-Ordinary Crime: Some Legal and Political Debates." Jurnal Scientia Indonesia 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jsi.v8i1.36017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As though a double-edged knife, on the one hand, Narcotics can be a panacea for various critical illnesses, but on the other hand, Narcotics can destroy all joints and organs of the human body. Both sides are very much determined by who the narcotics are used for. As one type of Narcotics, Drugs are the type most abused. However, the problems arising from drugs are in fact not only about abuse. Drug abuse is then used as a momentum to form an organized business sector with a structured and systematic sales mechanism. Of course, this is what makes drug abuse categorized as an extraordinary crime that requires extraordinary handling as well. This research will reveal various types of drug abuse as well as national and international efforts and efforts in fighting drug crimes. This research uses qualitative research methods with a literature approach. The data obtained comes from several regulations, such as Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and several other regulations and policies, as well as international cooperation carried out by Indonesia. The results of the study state that Indonesia is currently in a state of drug emergency, so it is necessary to strengthen and innovate government policies to tackle drug crimes that have been committed at this time, as a form of government commitment to eradicating drugs from the base to the upstream of the problem.
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Scotney, Paul. "Drug Abuse is the Major Factor in Increasing Crime Rates: Discuss." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 69, no. 3 (July 1996): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9606900302.
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Sarfaraz, Syeda Farhana. "Consequences Of Drug Abuse On Spouses Of Drug Addicts In Karachi." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 6, no. 1 (December 8, 2012): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v6i1.413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of drug addiction or abuse is often over shadowed by the many of the human development problem such as poverty, illiteracy, lack of basic health care. But the fact is drug abuse is rapidly growingly in Pakistan and South Asia in general. Pakistan is the worst victim of narcotics trade in South Asia region. According to an estimate about 20 tons of heroin consume with in Pakistan annually. One addict in a family affects several other members the number of people suffering directly or indirectly runs into many more millions. This is a fastest growing problem which cuts across class, rural, urban, provincial and religious boundaries. A number of socio-economic problems, large disparities between income groups, poverty, corruption, lack of political will and above all easy access to drugs are known to be linked to drug abuse and crime. In fact it is a problem of social disorganization with multidimensional implication on the individual and other family members. The overall purpose of the study was to examine the consequences of drugs abuse on spouses of the drug uses in contemporary society. The problem of drug abuse and drug trafficking has assumed transnational character in recent years and no nation can claim to be free from this issue.
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Zulkarnaen, Ahmad Hunaeni. "BEZIT AND NARCOTICS POWER ACCORDING TO LAW NO. 35 OF 2009 CONCERNING NARCOTICS." Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v4i2.496.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Narcotics are substances or drugs that have the potential to damage health, which then production, distribution and consumption are then regulated in code No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics (UUN). Drug abuse is the act of possessing, buying, selling and using narcotics. Narcotics abuses are considered to be high-level crime (extraordinary crime), and the sanctions for such crimes are very serious, starting from rehabilitation to capital punishment. seeing the severity of sanctions on narcotics abusers and the unclear definition of "possessing" in UUN, of course legal protection of suspected drug abusers must be taken seriously. Especially for those possessing/carrying narcotics without their knowledge. Keywords: Bezit; Narcotics; Drug Abuse.
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Bisschop, Paul, Stephen Kastoryano, and Bas van der Klaauw. "Street Prostitution Zones and Crime." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 28–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper studies the effects of legal street prostitution zones on registered and perceived crime. We exploit a unique setting in the Netherlands where these tippelzones were opened in nine cities under different regulation systems. Our difference-in-difference analysis of 25 Dutch cities between 1994–2011 shows that opening a tippelzone decreases registered sexual abuse and rape by about 30–40 percent in the first two years. For cities which enforced licensing in tippelzones, we also find reductions in drug-related crime and long-term effects on sexual assaults. Effects on perceived drug nuisance depend on the regulation system and the proximity of respondents to the tippelzone. (JEL J16, J47, K42)
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Bennett, Trevor, and Katy Holloway. "Disaggregating the Relationship Between Drug Misuse and Crime." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 38, no. 1 (April 2005): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.38.1.102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies on the association between drug-misuse and criminal behaviour have tended to be based on either aggregated data (composite forms of drug-misuse or offending) or data on just one or two types of drug-misuse or crime. Such studies can obscure variations in the nature of the relationship between particular drug types and particular offences. The current study uses disaggregated data derived from the NEW-ADAM (New English and Welsh Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring) program to investigate both connections and nonconnections between drug-misuse and crime. The results show some variations in the relationship depending on the particular combinations of type of drug-misuse and type of crime. The paper concludes that the use of disaggregated data can help identify both consistencies and variations in the relationship and might help to understand its complexities and inform government policy.
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Sumner, C. J. "Taking Account of the Victim in Sentencing in South Australia." International Review of Victimology 3, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809400300208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
South Australia's practical measures to give effect to the spirit and letter of the 1985 UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power have meant changes to legislation and to legal procedures. This extract from a previously given Paper on these changes concentrates on the principles of Anglo-Australian law adopted by Courts in Australia in sentencing offenders, and in particular deals with the relevance of the victim in sentencing.
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Yusuf, Wahyullah A. "Drugs Abuse, Law, and Society: The Role of Penitentiary Institution." Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v1i2.50550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of criminal narcotics crime has become the problem of nations and nations in the world that is always talked about. Around the world the problem of narcotics abuse is almost all the problems of nations. Narcotics abuse can certainly lead to physical damage, mental health, emotions, and attitudes in society. Problems of narcotics abuse have been threatening society and nation to become an organized crime in the national scope as well as to the international world. This study aims to analyze the problem of how the application of criminal law regarding the regulation of narcotics crime in Indonesia and how the criminal law system concerning the regulation of narcotics crime in Indonesia. Research method in scientific journal is done by normative juridical approach that is by doing analysis of problem through approach of law principles and referring to legal norms contained in legislation. The data used in this scientific journal is secondary data. This study found and emphasized that penitentiary institution has an important and strategic role on rehabilitating the drug abuse actors. However, in some cases, the penitentiary.
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Braithwaite, John, and Peter Drahos. "Zero Tolerance, Naming and Shaming: Is There a Case for it with Crimes of the Powerful?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 35, no. 3 (December 2002): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.35.3.269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zero tolerance and public shaming are increasingly advocated for both crimes of the powerless and crimes of the powerful. In this essay we argue against zero tolerance with respect to both kinds of crime. However, we defend naming and shaming with respect to crimes of the powerful. Part I of the paper begins from the assumption that both zero tolerance and naming and shaming are policies that do not merit serious consideration with crimes of the powerless. It then goes on to consider harder questions: first whether zero tolerance and then naming and shaming have a place with crimes of the powerful. Drug abuse is used in Part II as a case study to explore these distinctions. It will be contended that zero tolerance is a prescription for increasing drug abuse, but that naming and shaming is essential to the prevention of drug abuse. This conclusion is reached by viewing the drug problem differently from conventional criminological analyses in a radically reconfigured context as a corporate crime and organisational regulation problem.
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Kendler, K. S., H. Ohlsson, K. Sundquist, and J. Sundquist. "A latent class analysis of drug abuse in a national Swedish sample." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 10 (February 1, 2013): 2169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713000081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundDrug abuse (DA) is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Using medical, legal, death and pharmacy records covering the entire population of Sweden, could we uncover meaningful subtypes of DA?MethodWe performed a latent class analysis (LCA) on all individuals in Sweden born 1950–1993 who were registered with DA or its consequences (n=192 501) and then validated these classes using demographics, patterns of co-morbidity with alcohol use disorder (AUD), non-DA crime and psychiatric illness, and the pattern of aggregation and co-aggregation in sibling pairs.ResultsThe best-fit LCA had six classes: (1) low-frequency pure criminal, (2) high-frequency medical criminal, (3) low-frequency pure medical, (4) high-frequency medical, (5) prescription and (6) death. Each class had a distinct pattern of demographic features and co-morbidity and aggregated within sibling pairs with at least moderate specificity. For example, class 2 was characterized by early age at registration, low educational attainment, high male preponderance, high rates of AUDs, strong resemblance within sibling pairs [odds ratio (OR) 12.6] and crime and the highest risk for DA in siblings (20.0%). By contrast, class 5 had a female preponderance, late age at registration, low rates of crime and AUDs, high rates of psychiatric illness, high familiality within sibling pairs (OR 14.7) but the lowest observed risk for DA in siblings (8.9%).ConclusionsDA as assessed by public records is a heterogeneous syndrome. Familial factors contribute substantially to this heterogeneity. Advances in our understanding of etiological processes leading to DA will be aided by a consideration of this heterogeneity.
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Reinol Panjaitan, Joseph Diko. "Grant Code Sanctions of Polri Members Who Have Disconnected The Court Binding Drug Abuse (Case Study Polres Cirebon)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i3.3397.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to identify and understand the sanctions in the Code of Conduct Police officers and efforts to the implementation of sanctions against Alleged offenders alleged to have violated the code of Professional Ethics of Police, in the form of deeds has committed the crime of Abuse of Narcotics kind Sabu-shabu and cases criminal has received the Decision of the Court Of Sumber country, with an excerpt of Decision No. 394 / Pid.Sus / 2017 / PN.Sbr. October 19, 2017, which states the defendant initials S, proven legally and convincingly guilty of committing the crime of abuse of Narcotics Group I For Yourself and sentenced to imprisonment for six (6) months. This research was conducted in Cirebon. To the authors conducted a study with the title "Provision of the Code sanctions Police Members Who Have Strength Disconnect Law Courts Stay In Drug Abuse". If a member of the National Police of an offense or crime, the police members will litigants and undergo a criminal justice process for members of the Indonesian National Police is generally done according to the law applicable in the general court.Keywords: Police; Narcotics; Police Professional Code of Conduct of Police.
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Lester, David. "Problem Behaviors and Suicide and Homicide." Psychological Reports 93, no. 2 (October 2003): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.2.458.
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Hasan, Tasya Nafisatul, and Marli Candra. "Tinjauan Viktimologi Terhadap Hak Perlindungan Penyalahgunaan Narkotika (Victimless Crime)." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 2, no. 2 (October 22, 2021): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v2i2.13026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drug abuse is a form of victimless crime. Although there is still debate about victimless crime in contemporary victimology studies, the negative impact of drugs on society, especially the younger generation, is very worrying. This paper is a qualitative study with a literature review approach to examine and analyze solutions to the problems discussed. This paper examines the forms of protection against drug abuse by children. It is crucial because children are one of the components of society that must be protected. They are victims of social interactions, especially families and the environment, to asphyxiate in drug abuse as an escape. There must be a balance between child protection and liability for crimes. Thus, rehabilitation is the only solution as a form of protection and responsibility for what they do. ABSTRAK Penyalahgunaan narkoba merupakan salah satu bentuk kejahatan tanpa korban. Walaupun masih saja perdebatan terkait istilah kejahatan tanpa korban dalam kajian viktimologi kontemporer, dampak negatif narkoba terhadap masyarakat, terutama generasi muda sangat mengkhawatirkan. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian pustaka untuk mengkaji dan menganalisa solusi terhadap permasalahan yang dibahas. Tulisan ini hadir untuk mengkaji bentuk perlindungan terhadap penyalahgunaan narkoba yang dilakukan oleh anak. Hal ini penting karena anak merupakan salah satu komponen masyarakat yang harus dilindung, dan mereka merupakan korban akibat dari interaksi sosial, terutama keluarga dan lingkungan sehingga mereka tenggelam dalam penyalahgunaan narkoba sebagai pelarian. Harus adanya keseimbangan antara perlindungan terhadap anak dan langkah pertanggungjawaban kejahatan. Maka, rehabilitasi merupakan solusi utama sebagai bentuk perlindungan dan pertanggungjawaban atas apa yang mereka lakukan.
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Syofyan, Syofyan, Erizal Erizal, and Suryati Suryati. "Pemberdayaan Siswa SMA di Kota Pariaman Melalui Aksi Promotif Kefarmasian (Apotek-R) sebagai Upaya Pencegahan terhadap Kejahatan Narkoba." Jurnal Warta Pengabdian Andalas 26, no. 1 (March 16, 2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jwa.26.1.52-61.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drug abuse has been so alarming that victims of both young and adult children always fall every day and tend to increase from year to year. Various strategies have been carried out by the government to eradicate this drug crime, including preventive efforts to schools. Pariaman City as a crossing area in West Sumatra is a place that is prone to this drug crime. To that end, in an effort to prevent the occurrence of drug crimes, especially for high school students in Pariaman City, activities have been carried out in the form of pharmaceutical promotive actions (Apotek-R). The purpose of this activity is to know the description of the knowledge of high school students in Pariaman City, about Drugs and the influence of the Apotek-R activities on the prevention of drug abuse. The method used in the form of Communication, Information and Education (CIE) uses a pharmacy promotion action (Apotek-R). From this activity information was obtained that the knowledge of high school students in Pariaman City about drug problems is quite good. Promotional action activities of pharmacy (Apotek-R) can be used as a model in providing positive activities in efforts to prevent drug abuse among high school students.
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Pathak, Dhanush Chandra, and Binod Pokharel. "Causes of Drug Abuse In Youth: Case of Mid-Western Region of Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v4i2.19534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drug abuse is one of the serious social problems in Nepal and elsewhere for a long time. Drug abuse has several effects over the human life. Burgeoning unemployment, broken family, crime, depression, love failure, formation of peer group, mass media are major problems faced by the youth of the country. This paper explores the causes of drug abuse among youth in Mid-Western Region of Nepal. Quantitative research method was used to draw the data from 252 respondents. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents of different rehabilitation center of Surkhet, Banke and Dang District. Data were analyzed by using chi-square statistical tools. Drug causes have covered the psychological, peer pressure, school/ college, socio cultural and mass media causes of drug abuse. Among them, majority respondent responded causes of drug abuse is bad relationship with family, to feel relax, failed in exam and films stars and idols which are shown on television.