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Статті в журналах з теми "Drudgery"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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1

Garner, Bryan A. "HARMLESS DRUDGERY?" Essays in Criticism 57, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/escrit/cgl017.

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2

Algeo, John, and Sidney I. Landau. "Harmless Drudgery." American Speech 60, no. 4 (1985): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/454914.

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3

Ramanji, R. S., A. Sarkar, C. S. Mhatre, and S. D. Argade. "Assessing Drudgery Perceived by Agricultural Labourers in Chikkaballapur District of Karnataka." International Journal of Economic Plants 10, May, 2 (May 22, 2023): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0506b.

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The present study was conducted in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka, India during 2019 to investigate amount of drudgery faced by agricultural labourers. Primary data collected for 13 selected farm operations from randomly selected 200 (144 men and 56 women) agricultural laborers using structured interview schedule for assessing drudgery perceived by them in performing these 13 operations. The results revealed that women labourers were perceived more drudgery in farm operations as compared men labourers. Women labourers perceived weeding, stubble collection and pesticide application were highest drudgery prone activities whereas men labourers perceived weeding, stubble collection and harvesting were highest drudgery prone activities. Out of thirteen selected farm activities, seed treatment was significantly lowest drudgery prone and weeding was the highest drudgery prone activity for both men and women labourers in the study area. Experience, family size and duration of employment were found to have significant and negative relationship with average drudgery and age & income were positively related with average drudgery. The drudgery among both men and women labourers can be reduced by gaining work experience, using ergonomically refined tools and proper management of employment pattern, duration and income.

4

Mack, Burton L. "After Drudgery Divine." Numen 39, no. 2 (1992): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852792x00069.

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5

Landau, Sidney I. "Correction: Harmless Drudgery." American Speech 61, no. 2 (1986): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455162.

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6

Wu, John Y., and Kuangming Wu. "Burnout: Drudgery, Repetition, Creativity." Open Journal of Philosophy 06, no. 02 (2016): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2016.62020.

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7

Lamb, John. "Simplex Tableau Drudgery Removed." School Science and Mathematics 87, no. 2 (February 1987): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1987.tb11682.x.

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8

Crane, Gregory, Robert F. Chavez, Anne Mahoney, Thomas L. Milbank, Jeffrey A. Rydberg-Cox, David A. Smith, and Clifford E. Wulfman. "Drudgery and deep thought." Communications of the ACM 44, no. 5 (May 2001): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/374308.374333.

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9

Meena, Sumitra Kumari, and Kamla Mahajani. "DRUDGERY REDUCTION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF DRUDGERY REDUCING TOOL IN MILKING OF DAIRY ANIMALS." PLANT ARCHIVES 21, Suppliment-1 (January 15, 2021): 2184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.s1.359.

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10

Chattopadhyay, Sutapa. "Three Decades of Reflection on Drudgery." Capitalism Nature Socialism 26, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2015.1005989.

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11

KALITA M. and BORAH R. "POSTURAL STRESS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS OF FARM WOMEN IN UPROOTING OF PADDY SEEDLINGS FROM MAT NURSERY." Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences 25, no. 04 (2023): 792–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/ajmbes.2023.v25i04.035.

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– Uprooting of paddy seedlings from wet bed is one of the most drudgery prone farm activities of Assam. Raising paddy seedlings in mat nursery is a solution for reduction of drudgery of farm women. A study was carried out to assess postural stress and incidence of musculoskeletal problems of farm women while uprooting in mat nursery. Angle of deviation in lower lumber region was measured with Flexi curve. Body Map was used to identify pains in different parts of the body. Angle of deviation at lumbar region was higher in wet bed and reported more ‘severe’ pain in shoulder joints, back, legs due to prolonged bending posture adopted in uprooting deep rooted seedlings. Mat nursery is a suitable alternative to wet bed for reducing drudgery, muscular stress, and labor cost. It is important to bring resilience in Indian agriculture to climate change

12

M, MUTHAMIL SELVAN, and RANGASAMY K. "Studies on ergonomic problems in agricultural machinery operations." Madras Agricultural Journal 88, june (2001): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00321.

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To identify the ergonomic problems encountered by the users during operation of various agricultural implements and machinery, a case study was undertaken in Trichy, Pudukkottai and Tiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu by interviewing farmers using prestructured questionnaire. The ergonomical problems faced by the farmers were listed and analysed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPPS), in terms of postural discomfort jerks/vibrations, pain on body parts, force required and drudgery involved. About 59 per cent of jerks/vibration occurred during initial ploughing operation. Hand tools required "too much" force in operation of animal drawn implements. About 86 per cent of farmers experienced drudgery in operating animal drawn implements whereas only. About 28 per cent of farmers felt drudgery with power operated equipment. Eye/skin irritation was experienced by 65 per cent of workers during pesticide application due to non-use of protective clothing, hand gloves, goggles etc.

13

Saikia, Ranima. "Work-related ergonomic study among egg sellers- a study carried out West Garo Hills, Meghalaya." ASIAN JOURNAL OF HOME SCIENCE 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ajhs/15.2/255-259.

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The study has investigated the drudgery index and the musculoskeletal discomfort perceived by the respondents engaged in activities related to selling of eggs in the hilly terrain of West Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Findings reveal that cleaning of eggs is most drudgery prone compared to other activities they perform. The activity demands the use of small muscles and continuous movement of the hand at wrist level while holding and cleaning the eggs by using paper/cloth. The activity of cleaning also demands more attention to avoid loss, as egg shells are more fragile. Moreover, the sellers felt discomfort at the mid back, lower back and buttocks due to prolong sitting posture they adopt and due to twisting of the body to reach the items kept at the sides and back. Thus, designing of functional work station is the need for this group of sellers so as to reduce the drudgery level to eliminate musculoskeletal disorders.

14

AWARE, V. V., C. R. KAVITKAR, M. R. PATIL, P. U. SHAHARE, S. V. AWARE, and N. A. SHIRSAT. "Physiological cost and drudgery in paddy transplanting." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2017): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijae/10.1/103-108.

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15

Alderink, Larry J. "Panel On Jonathan Z. Smith's Drudgery Divine." Numen 39, no. 2 (1992): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852792x00041.

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16

NAG, Pranab Kumar, and Anjali NAG. "Drudgery, Accidents and Injuries in Indian Agriculture." INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 42, no. 2 (2004): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.42.149.

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17

Kleiner, Kurt. "Robots take the drudgery out of science." New Scientist 202, no. 2703 (April 2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(09)60978-7.

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18

Ng, Valerie. "The Drudgery of Point-of-Care Testing." Point of Care: The Journal of Near-Patient Testing & Technology 12, no. 2 (June 2013): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/poc.0b013e318265db7c.

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19

Shivanandagowda, GR, MT Lakshminarayan, V. Jagadeesh, Prahalad P. Bhat, and B. Prashanth. "Gender participation and drudgery in silkworm rearing." International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development 7, no. 2S (February 1, 2024): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2024.v7.i2sb.358.

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20

Suneetha, B., Durga Prasad, N. V. V. S., and Purnima, K. S. "Comparative Performance Analysis of CRIDA Wheel Hoe and Traditional Hand Hoe in Vegetable Crops Inter-cultivation." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 23 (December 19, 2023): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i234242.

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In agriculture, women are typically employed in labor-intensive, mostly mechanized processes that require a lot of drudgery.As part of KVK, Darsi's Front Line Demonstration (FLD) programme, farm women in adopted villages in the Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh participated in an inter-cultivation study on vegetable crops (Chilli, Tomato and Okra) using CRIDA wheel hoes during the years 2019-20 and 2020-21 in comparison with the traditional weeding using hand hoe.It was clearly depicted that CRIDA wheel hoe hasproved efficient on time and output as compared with traditional hand hoe.CRIDA wheel hoe resulted in a higher output capacity of 116.3 m2/hr as opposed to only 62.6 m2/hr with a regular hoe.For CRIDA wheel hoe, the percentage increase in output was 85.78 %.In comparison to the traditional hand hoe method, labour wages per acre were reduced to Rs. 1700, weeding time per acre was shortened from 8.5 hours to 5.5 hours, overall pain rate decreased from 8.1 to 3.1, and musculoskeletal problems (MSP) decreased from high to low. CRIDA wheel hoe recorded drudgery index score of 56. Whereas, in traditional practice (hand hoe) maximum drudgery with drudgery index scoreof 81 was observed.

21

Burman, R. R., Pratibha Joshi, J. P. Sharma, Nishi Sharma, Girijesh Singh Mahra, Shailendra Sharma, Rajesh Kumar, Rahul Singh, V. P. Chahal, and A. K. Singh. "Quantification of drudgery and ergonomics assessment of weeding activity in vegetable production system." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i3.101505.

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Weeding activity in vegetable cultivation carried out by women is one of the drudgery prone activities. Women are regularly adopting poor and static posture while doing weeding for long hours by traditional equipment, resulting in various physical load on spine or lumbo-sacral region leads to drudgery coupled with work related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The research paper aims to assess and quantify the drudgery with weeding activity by rural women in which physiological ergonomics evaluation was done for traditional method and with improved technological support with three replications of fifteen minutes work cycle without rest pause. Ergonomic parameters namely Heart Rate, Energy Expenditure Rate, Total Cardiac Cost of Work, Physiological Cost of Work, VO2 Max were measured during the experiments. Observations were recorded on farm women worker with normal health, without any major illness, regularly involved in farm operations and were in the age group of 25 to 45 years. Weeding activity of farm women was quantified and a sample of 10 physically fit rural women having permissible limit of physiological parameters were selected for the study. It was found from investigation that there was reduction in human physiological parameters, viz. heart rate, energy expenditure rate, Total Cardiac Cost of Work, Physiological Cost of work, Blood pressure and Oxygen Saturation.

22

Joshi, Pratibha, Aadarsh Kumar, Kavita Bisht, and O. P. Singh. "Ergonomics assessment of drudgery in wheat production system." Indian Journal of Extension Education 56, no. 4 (2020): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-552x.2020.00069.9.

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23

Ahlawat, Santosh, and Surabhi Singh. "Acceptability of Selected Drudgery Reducing Tools by Farmwomen." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 1992–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.226.

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24

Mrunalini, A., and Ch Snehalatha. "Drudgery Experiences of Gender in Crop Production Activities." Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 2010): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09766898.2010.11884654.

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25

Isaksen, Jesper. "Constructing Meaning Despite the Drudgery of Repetitive Work." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 40, no. 3 (July 2000): 84–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167800403008.

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26

Bullock, Roger. "‘A servant with this clause makes drudgery divine’." Adoption & Fostering 37, no. 1 (April 2013): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308575913477074.

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27

McNaughton, Melanie Joy. "Of Art and Drudgery: Homekeeping, Martha Stewart, andTechné." Home Cultures 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17406315.2016.1122964.

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28

Douglas, Pamela S. "President’s Page: Education: Drudgery or Excitement? You Choose." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 46, no. 3 (August 2005): 558–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.06.012.

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29

Alexander, Deborah Ferrante. "Drilling Basic Math Facts: From Drudgery to Delight." TEACHING Exceptional Children 18, no. 3 (March 1986): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004005998601800311.

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30

Marks, Paul. "Predictive coding takes the drudgery out of law." New Scientist 214, no. 2870 (June 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)61615-7.

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31

Long, Tony. "Children's nursing research: toward development, drudgery or demise?" British Journal of Nursing 20, no. 14 (July 28, 2011): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2011.20.14.873.

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32

Thatcher, Joanne. "CPD: Continuing Professional Development or Chronic Paperwork Drudgery?" Sport & Exercise Psychology Review 3, no. 1 (February 2007): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssepr.2007.3.1.43.

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33

Melkani, Ekta, Manju Mehta, and Sudesh Gandhi. "Drudgery Reduction and Grip Fatigue Review of Indian Women Making Handicrafts." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 2020): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2020.7.2.13.

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34

SAM, BINI. "Design Requirements of farm tools for women based on ergonomic principles." Madras Agricultural Journal 91, December (2004): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00130.

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Анотація:

Most of the farming operations in India are being done by small farmers with women contributing upto 60 per cent of labour. The tools used being basically meant for male workers are very heavy for women resulting higher workload and increased discomfort to them. Higher energy demand and increased drudgery created by the tools develop stresses, which affects the safety and health of the women. This paper examines a few of farm tools used by women and, based on ergonomic aspects, quantifies the inadequacies of such tools with respect to energy expenditure and their body (anthropometric) dimensions. This would greatly help the researchers to appropriately design simple and labour effective gadgets considering ergonomic requirements. Such designs of tools would not only minimize drudgery of the women but also increase productivity at reduced expenditure levels.

35

P. Rajaiah, Ch Sravan Kumar, B. Laxman, B. Vennela, and A. Pramod Reddy. "Design Development and Evaluation of Mini Tractor Operated Trencher." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 01 (2023): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.015.

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The mechanization of Indian farms is imperative to enhance input use efficiency, reduce human drudgery, cost of production and to address issues of labour scarcity and timeliness of farm operations. Digging of trenches for laying pvc pipes in sprinkler and drip irrigation system has become drudgery by human labour, more expensive and time consuming. Commercially available machines are high capacity, more cost of operation and not affordable to the small and marginal farmers. To overcome this problems, a small tractor operated trencher was designed and developed. The developed trencher was evaluated in the field at a 1.5,2,2.5 km/h forward speeds. During field trails it was observed increase in forward speed from 1.5 to 2.5 km/h resulted in decrease in depth of trench, fuel consumption and capacity of auger. Increased in forward speed resulted in increase in length of trench.

36

Schwartz, Jeffrey. "The Drudgery and the Discovery: Students as Research Partners." English Journal 77, no. 2 (February 1988): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/819513.

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37

Hartmann, R. R. K. "The not so harmless drudgery of finding translation equivalents." Language & Communication 10, no. 1 (January 1990): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0271-5309(90)90023-5.

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38

Moore, D. M. "Revolution in practice management: a new kind of drudgery." Archives of Family Medicine 2, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.2.3.241.

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39

Fischer, Frederic. "Microcomputer-Assisted Mathematics: Exploring Number Theory with a Microcomputer." Mathematics Teacher 79, no. 2 (February 1986): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.79.2.0120.

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It is clear that the computer can take much of the drudgery out of many mathematical analyses. Problems involving large sets of data requiring sorting, ordering, and laborious calculations readily come to mind. The computer is designed to handle such problems quickly and accurately.

40

Agrawal, Abha, and Laxmi Manral. "Agricultural Mechanisation in the Hills of Uttarakhand." Archives of Business Research 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.1012.13529.

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Agricultural Mechanisation in India has completely changed the condition and direction of agriculture. After mechanisation India has emerged as one of the biggest producer of food grains and also net exporter. But the development of mechanisation has been very uneven some states like Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are highly mechanized while the hilly states like Uttarakhand still struggling with traditional methods of farming. Farmers in Uttarakhand especially in hilly regions are still using outdated and old methods of farming which are not feasible with this modern and technically advance world where there is high demand of food grains due to increasing population. People are still doing subsistence farming manually which has made it drudgery prone occupation. Agricultural mechanisation will make agriculture less drudgery and more efficient for the farmers. It helps in increasing farm productivity and production. This paper highlights the existence of agricultural mechanisation in hilly regions and the issues faced in transformation of agriculture.

41

Epstein, Brendan, and Miles S. Kimball. "The Decline of Drudgery and the Paradox of Hard Work." International Finance Discussion Paper 2014, no. 1106 (June 2014): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2014.1106.

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42

Alderink, Larry J. "Introduction: Critique and Construction in Jonathan Z. Smith's "Drudgery Divine"." Numen 39, no. 2 (December 1992): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3269907.

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43

Meenakshi J et al, Meenakshi J. et al. "An Ergonomic Analysis of Drudgery Prone Activities in Sugarcane Cultivation." International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 7, no. 4 (2017): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijasraug201757.

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44

Bhuyan, J. "New Paddy parboiling technique for drudgery reduction in farm women." Journal of Krishi Vigyan 9, no. 2 (2021): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2021.00029.5.

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45

Achalapathi, K. V., Preeti Shrivastava, and Shailaja Bangari. "Drudgery Exceeds Revenues for Gadwal Weavers: An Empirical Micro Analysis." SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies 38, no. 4 (December 2011): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0970846420110405.

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46

Mehta, Manju, Sudesh Gandhi, and Mamta Dilbaghi. "Intervention of drudgery reducing technologies in agriculture and impact evaluation." Work 41 (2012): 5003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0793-5003.

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47

Howard, V. "And Practice Drives Me Mad; or, the Drudgery of Drill." Harvard Educational Review 61, no. 1 (April 1, 1991): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.61.1.wu010p0632h71k12.

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48

Srinivasan, C. S., Giacomo Zanello, Paul Nkegbe, Radhika Cherukuri, Fiorella Picchioni, Nithya Gowdru, and Patrick Webb. "Drudgery reduction, physical activity and energy requirements in rural livelihoods." Economics & Human Biology 37 (May 2020): 100846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2019.100846.

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49

Suman Singh, Puja Mathur, and Madhu Rathore. "Weeders for Drudgery Reduction of Women Farm Workers in India." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 44, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2007443.1279.

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Анотація:

Women playa vital role in agriculture. Rural women perform the entire household activities as well as they are employed in most arduous field operations. They are also engaged in post harvest and agro-processing activities. Weeding activity is predominantly carried out by women. Weeding activity is a strenuous one and the odd posture adopted by women while weeding may increase the heart rate out of proportion and lead to irreparable damage to the body. The present research assesses three types of weeders on ergonomic parameters with a view to promote health, efficiency and consequently improving the quality of work life. The study was conducted in vegetable fields on 30 farm women in the age group of 25-40 years having normal blood pressure, body temperature and not suffering from any chronic illness. Ergonomic cost of weeding activity was calculated in terms of heart rate and energy expenditure. Body map technique was used to assess the musculo-skeletal discomfort of the workers. Results of the study revealed that all three weeders proved efficient on ergonomic parameters; reduced average working heart rate, energy expenditure and output as compared to traditional tool. The posture improved while working with weeders as the bending and squatting posture employed while weeding with traditional method was replaced by standing posture.

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Dange, Dr Mohini M. "Drudgery reduction by using women friendly technology for harvested Roselle." International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 8, no. 5 (January 1, 2024): 1012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i5l.1233.

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