Готові списки джерел за темами / Drude theory

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Drude theory"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Drude theory"

Sivan, Yonatan, and Yonatan Dubi. "Theory of “Hot” Photoluminescence from Drude Metals." ACS Nano 15, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 8724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c00835.

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Mendoza, Bernardo S., and W. Luis Mochán. "Ab initio theory of the Drude plasma frequency." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 38, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.416741.

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Sivan, Yonatan, and Yonatan Dubi. "Correction to Theory of “Hot” Photoluminescence from Drude Metals." ACS Nano 16, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 4972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c01666.

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Neuhauser, Daniel, and Kenneth Lopata. "Quantum Drude friction for time-dependent density functional theory." Journal of Chemical Physics 129, no. 13 (October 7, 2008): 134106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2985650.

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Phelan, P. E., M. I. Flik, and C. L. Tien. "Radiative Properties of Superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films." Journal of Heat Transfer 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910587.

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Some applications of thin-film high-temperature superconductors, such as bolometers, radiation shielding, and space-cooled electronics, require knowledge of the superconducting-state radiative properties. At present, no general predictive model of the radiative properties has been presented. In this work, reflectance predictions based on two of the major theories of the superconducting state, the classical Drude–London theory and the quantum-mechanical Mattis–Bardeen theory, are compared with the available experimental data to determine the best method for predicting the radiative properties of thin-film Y-Ba-Cu-O. It is seen that the Mattis–Bardeen theory is more successful than the Drude–London theory in predicting the reflectance. Consequently, approximate formulae for the Mattis–Bardeen theory are developed, thus enhancing the theory’s usefulness for engineering calculations.

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Tamura, Shun, and Hisatoshi Yokoyama. "Drude and Superconducting Weights and Mott Transitions in Variation Theory." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 84, no. 6 (June 15, 2015): 064707. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpsj.84.064707.

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Tian, Bao-Ling, Jin-Jin Ding, Rui-Xue Xu, and YiJing Yan. "Biexponential theory of Drude dissipation via hierarchical quantum master equation." Journal of Chemical Physics 133, no. 11 (September 21, 2010): 114112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3491270.

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Ma, Xixiao, Yu Lan, Ling Qin, and Shiping Feng. "Charge dynamics in doped Mott insulators on a honeycomb lattice." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 08 (March 30, 2016): 1650107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916501074.

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Within the framework of the fermion-spin theory, the charge transport in the doped Mott insulators on a honeycomb lattice is studied by taking into account the pseudogap effect. It is shown that the conductivity spectrum in the low-doped regime is separated by the pseudogap into a low-energy non-Drude peak followed by a broad mid-infrared band. However, the decrease of the pseudogap with the increase of doping leads to a shift of the position of the mid-infrared band towards the low-energy non-Drude peak, and then the low-energy Drude behavior recovers in the high-doped regime. The combined results of both the doped honeycomb-lattice and square-lattice Mott insulators indicate that the two-component conductivity induced by the pseudogap is a universal feature in the doped Mott insulators.

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Bandyopadhyay, Prasanta, Priya, and Mainak Sadhukhan. "A simple fragment-based method for van der Waals corrections over density functional theory." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 14 (2022): 8508–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00744d.

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A simple method is developed to describe intermolecular van der Waals interactions blending the Drude oscillator with a molecular fragmentation method. The result shows accuracy at par with DFT-D3 method while only using dipole–dipole interactions.

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Chanyal, B. C. "Linearized electromagnetic and gravito-Heavisidian chirality in split octonion space-time." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no. 07 (May 24, 2018): 1850109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818501098.

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In this paper, we construct a split octonionic mathematical approach to generalized electromagnetic and gravito-Heavisidian chirality of dyons by modification of the Drude–Born–Fedorov constitutive relations. In this context, we describe dual Euclidean space-times structure associated with [Formula: see text] Zorn’s vector matrix realization of split octonion. As such, using the Zorn’s vector matrix realization, an alternative form of generalized Proca–Maxwell equations of massive dyons is obtained in chiral media. It is well known that in weak unified gravito-Heavisidian field, the Einstein’s equations become Maxwell-like equations under the first approximation. Thus, we study the gravito-Heavisidian analogous theory to electromagnetic theory, and discuss the Drude–Born–Fedorov constitutive relations, gravito-Heavisidian field, Proca–Maxwell equations and gravito-Heavisidian wave equations for linear gravitational chiral field of gravito-dyons in flat split octonion space-time.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Drude theory"

McKinley, Arnold. "The physics and mathematical theory of nano-scaled ring resonators and loop antennas." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12369.

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This thesis is based on the realisation that no analytical theory of loop antennas and rings exists that is at once applicable to the Radio Frequency (RF), Micro-wave (MW), TeraHertz (THz), Infra-red (IR), and Optical (OR) regions. Nor is there any Electrical Engineering circuit model, rigorously developed from the results of that theory, that generates results which match numerical simulations and experimental work in the literature across all of these regimes. This thesis fills that gap. Maxwell’s equations for perfectly conducting, closed circular loops are presented, and then solved, using standard RF andMWantenna theory. The governing equation is then extended to include real, lossy metals with focus on the noble metals, gold, silver and copper. The solution to the extended equation yields results for rings in the THZ, IR and OR. Next, the governing equation is extended to include a single impedance on the periphery. The solution is studied using a capacitive reactance, in particular. These results are compared to simulations of illuminated rings with a single gap, and a relationship is developed between the width of the gap and its capacitive reactance. Primary results are these: * An analytical set of mathematical functions derived from Maxwell’s equations now exist that give the current distribution on closed and single gapped loops at all frequency regimes from the RF through OR, constructed of any metal for which the index of refraction is known. * A detailed RLC circuit model has been derived from these functions, accurate at all frequency bands, from which the total R, L and C of the loop at any frequency or wavelength, and the R, L and C of any modal resonance, can be calculated. The model yields the functions R(w), L(w), C(w) from which radiation resistance, power loss, radiation efficiency, radar cross-section, and the quality factor (Q) of any resonance can be calculated. * The input impedance of the circuit model representing the loop can be calculated as a function of wavelength for closed loops and single gap loops. * The introduction of a single gap in the periphery of a loop will cause a very high-Q resonance in the sub-wavelength region. This is due to the zero-order mode inductance of the loop resonating with a combination of the gap capacitance and the closed loop capacitance. The Q is on the order of several thousand. * Gap width and capacitance value of the gap are closely related. However, none of the simple models suggested in the literature, such as the flat-plate capacitance model, generates the correct relationship, at least for gaps in rings.

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Bag, Saientan. "Charge Transport in Molecular Systems." Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5310.

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Understanding charge transport in molecular systems is of fundamental interest in rapidly growing field of molecular electronics as well as to understand biological signal transfer processes which are accompanied by the spatial transport of charge. In this thesis, I describe the charge transport properties of various molecular systems using thermally activated hopping mechanism as described in the framework of Marcus- Hush formalism. The thesis is organized as follows: In the introduction of the thesis, I present a general overview of the various theoretical descriptions of the charge transport phenomenon in molecular systems. I describe the diffusive transport of charge captured by the classical Drude theory and present the Landauer-B uttiker formalism which describes the transport of charge as the quantum mechanical tunnelling. I also narrate the semi-classical Marcus-Hush kind of hopping mechanism of charge transport which holds good for the systems having disorder causing localization of the charge carrier. 2nd chapter of the thesis presents a brief introduction of the various numerical techniques and force field used in all the works presented in the thesis. In the rest of the thesis, I discuss the charge transport properties of a variety of molecular systems. The charge transport properties are studied either in a single molecule level or in a self-assembled morphology of the molecules. To study the charge transport properties of the system we use multiscale modelling simulation technique combining classical molecular dynamics simulation, quantum mechanical calculation and Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation. The molecular dynamics simulations are done to predict the equilibrium morphology of the system. Once the equilibrium morphology is generated, the system is partitioned into charge hopping sites with the hopping rates between the neighbouring sites described by Semi-Classical Marcus-Hush formalism. Quantum mechanical calculations are performed to calculate these hopping rates. Using these rates, Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation is done to simulate the movement of charge and to predict the mobility of charge carriers in the system. In the 3rd chapter of the thesis, I explore the charge transport properties of a recently synthesized discotic liquid crystal[Adv. Mater. 26, 2066 (2014)]. We perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulation to probe the molecular organization in a hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline phase formed by the discotic molecule Hexa- Peri-Hexabenzocoronene/Oligothiophene hybrid. We also report the hole mobility along the column of this liquid crystal phase and found that the mobility is limited by the defects in molecular arrangement in the column. Understanding that the defects in the column limits the mobility, we arrange the discotic coronene molecules inside the single walled carbon nanotube(CNT). Coronene molecules are found to form defect free column inside the nanotube for a particular radius of the CNT which leads to ultrahigh charge carrier (hole) mobility along the coronene stack. The details of these calculations are presented in chapter 4 of the thesis. In the 5th chapter, I report the hole and electron mobility of two different dendrimer melt systems: Dendritic phenylazomethine with a triphenylamine core (Dpa-Tpa) and dendritic carbazole with cyclic phenylazomethine as the core (Cpa-Cz). We present a way to tune the mobility of the system by changing the dendrimer generation. In chapter 6 of the thesis, I report the V-I characteristics of a ds-DNA which is attached between two electrodes. The DNA is further stretched using different protocols and the current is measured in the course of pulling. We found abrupt jump in current as the DNA is stretched beyond a critical stretching length. The value of the critical stretching length was strongly dependent on the pulling protocol. When the DNA is stretched along 3'end1-3'end2 direction, the conductance jump happens at a larger stretching length compared to other pulling protocols. We attribute this observation to the S-form of DNA when pulled along 3'end1-3'end2 direction. In contrast, pulling along 5'end1-5'end2 direction leads to immediate melting of DNA which leads sharp conductance jump at very short stretching length. I believe that the content of the thesis will have significant impact on the field of molecular electronics and will help to understand the biological charge transfer processes.

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Книги з теми "Drude theory"

Dolenc, Sašo. Darwinova nevarna ideja: In druge zgodbe o vesoljih, ljudeh in molekulah. Ljubljana: Kvarkadabra -- Društvo za tolmačenje znanosti, 2006.

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Esej o metodi izučavanja književnosti i druge rasprave. Beograd: Narodna knjiga-Alfa, 1999.

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Joshua, Castellino, and Cavanaugh Kathleen A. 2 Minority Identities in the Middle East: Religious Minorities. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199679492.003.0002.

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In this chapter there are two primary categories to emerge with regard to the classification of minorities in the Middle East. The first comprises religious minorities, both early religious groups and more contemporary groups established during or after the nineteenth century. The second category comprises Muslim ethnic groups spread over two or more territories with a distinct cultural identity and language. This chapter details religious minority identities. Within the first section of this chapter, we examine non-Muslim religious communities including Jews, and a rather broad number of Christian communities, while accepting that some groups cross-cut this category. Section two examines Islamic minority communities including the ‘Alawis, Druze, Babism and the Baha’i Faith, and Ismaili communities.

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Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, and Jane I. Smith. Muslim Minority Groups in American Islam. Edited by Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199862634.013.023.

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Throughout Islamic history the issue of leadership of the community has been of primary importance. The Sunni majority has identified Muslims who did not give allegiance to the Caliph as shiʿa, or sectarians. Two of the groups discussed in this chapter are part of the historical controversies over community leadership, and for all of them leadership remains a very important concern. Both the Nizari Ismaʿilis, led by Imam Aga Khan, and the Druze are offshoots of the Fatimid countercaliphate, which flourished for two centuries. The other two groups are more modern. The Ahmadiyya developed in the context of European occupation of Islamic lands and the reaction to Christian missionary activity and modernization. The Qur'anists, sometimes referred to as the Ahl al-Qur'an, share the beliefs of the United Submitters International regarding the Qur'an as the sole foundation of Islam. With long-term roots in attempts to understand the “right” way to live Islamically, they are more recent as an identified school of thought. All of these groups maintain a presence in the current configuration of Islam in America.

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Частини книг з теми "Drude theory"

Dresselhaus, Mildred, Gene Dresselhaus, Stephen B. Cronin, and Antonio Gomes Souza Filho. "Drude Theory–Free Carrier Contribution to the Optical Properties." In Solid State Properties, 329–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55922-2_16.

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Ihn, Thomas. "Electrical conductance: Historical account from Ohm to the semiclassical Drude-Boltzmann theory." In Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, 3–6. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21828-9_1.

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"Drude Theory of Metals." In Problems in Solid State Physics with Solutions, 1–10. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814365031_0001.

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Ait Hammou, Brahim, Abdelhamid El Kaaouachi, Abdellatif El Oujdi, Adil Echchelh, Said Dlimi, Chi-Te Liang, and Jamal Hemine. "Modeling the Bulk and Nanometric Dielectric Functions of Au and Ag." In Magnetic Skyrmions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96123.

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In this work, we model the dielectric functions of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) which are typically used in photonics and plasmonics. The modeling has been performed on Au and Ag in bulk and in nanometric states. The dielectric function is presented as a complex number with a real part and an imaginary part. First, we will model the experimental measurements of the dielectric constant as a function of the pulsation ω by appropriate mathematical functions in an explicit way. In the second part we will highlight the contributions to the dielectric constant value due to intraband and interband electronic transitions. In the last part of this work we model the dielectric constant of these metals in the nanometric state using several complex theoretical models such as the Drude Lorentz theory, the Drude two-point critical model, and the Drude three-point critical model. We shall comment on which model fits the experimental dielectric function best over a range of pulsation.

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Jensen, B. "The Quantum Extension of the Drude—Zener Theory in Polar Semiconductors." In Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, 169–88. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012544415-6.50012-1.

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JENSEN, B. "The Quantum Extension of the Drude-Zener Theory in Polar Semiconductors." In Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, 169–88. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-054721-3.50014-9.

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Basu, Prasanta Kumar, Bratati Mukhopadhyay, and Rikmantra Basu. "Electron-photon interactions in bulk semiconductors." In Semiconductor Nanophotonics, 102–40. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784692.003.0005.

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Abstract The microscopic theory of optical processes in bulk semiconductors is developed in this chapter. Amongst various absorption processes in a semiconductor, firstly the expression for direct-gap band-to-band absorption coefficient is developed by considering the polarization dependence of momentum matrix elements and then the intervalence band absorption process. The free carrier absorption processes are explained by using a classical Drude model. The recombination processes are then addressed and lifetimes of both radiative and non-radiative, including Auger type, are introduced with appropriate theory. The effects of carriers on absorption and change in refractive index are pointed out qualitatively. Finally, the expression for the gain coefficient in semiconductors is developed in terms of momentum and electric-dipole matrix elements for interband and other transitions. The minimum difference to be maintained between the quasi-Fermi levels for electrons and holes to obtain gain is established.

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Harris, Nadine, Logan K. Ausman, Jeffrey M. McMahon, David J. Masiello, and George C. Schatz. "Computational Electrodynamics Methods." In Computational Nanoscience, 147–78. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849731331-00147.

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This chapter has focused on a number of commonly used analytical and numerical electrodynamics methods that can be used to model the optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures, with emphasis on nonconventional applications of these methods to problems that have been recently been of interest in the surface spectroscopy field, especially surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). A dipole reradiation (DR) methodology was added to the analytical approach of Mie theory to DR effects in SERS intensities, which is a more accurate expression for the electromagnetic enhancement theory than the commonly used plane-wave (PW) enhancement expression. We show that DR/PW differences can be significant for certain choices of detector locations due to interference and multipole effects, and generally the DR enhancements are smaller than PW. The numerical 2D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was modified through the incorporation of the hydrodynamic Drude model dielectric constant, enabling the calculation of spatially nonlocal dielectric responses for arbitrarily shaped nanostructures. Nonlocal effects become important when structural features extend below around 10 nm where the dielectric constant becomes a function of both the wavevector and the frequency. The importance of including nonlocal effects was demonstrated by calculating the optical response of cylindrical and triangular nanowires. The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) provides an alternative method for determining nanoparticle optical properties that uses a similar grid to FDTD, but with different convergence characteristics. We show that for cube-shaped particles the two methods have similar convergence behavior, but accuracy is a problem for DDA, while representing the frequency dependence dielectric constant is a problem for FDTD. A general many-body formalism describing plasmon-enhanced linear spectroscopies was developed by linking the numerical DDA method with electronic structure theory based on Q-Chem. This methodology allows the calculation of the linear-response and scattering properties between a molecule, which is described quantum mechanically, interacting with a classically described metal nanostructure. To demonstrate this formalism the linear response and scattering of a pyridine–Ag spheroidal system was calculated as a function of excitation energy and aspect ratio.

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Dworkin, Craig. "Juba to Jive: A Dictionary of African-American Slang and Harryette Mullen’s Muse & Drudge." In Dictionary Poetics, 161–84. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823287987.003.0007.

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Chapter 6 considers Harryette Mullen’s Muse & Drudge (1995), based in part on Clarence Major’s Juba to Jive: A Dictionary of African-American Slang and the American Heritage Dictionary, in the context of the OuLiPo and Mullen’s other poetic engagements with the dictionary. Through a careful attention to her specific dictionary borrowings and the cryptic play of anagram, palindrome, and paragram in Muse & Drudge, the chapter explicates the poem’s argument for and enactment of miscegenation. Drawing on Michael Riffaterre’s theory of the hypogram and Jacques Derrida’s theory of the signature, the chapter uncovers the motivating poetic force of the proper name in Mullen’s poem. Together, these readings complicate the received critical accounts of Mullen’s sources and the very ways in which we imagine the relation between source-text and poem.

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Jena, Debdeep. "Electrons in the Quantum World." In Quantum Physics of Semiconductor Materials and Devices, 83–122. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856849.003.0005.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the following questions: • How does application of quantum mechanics and statistics to free electrons help reveal their wavefunctions ?, momentum, energy, density of states, energy density, and quantum mechanical cur- rents? • How do the above physical properties of electrons depend on the number of dimensions the electron is allowed to move in? Specif- ically, what are the similarities and differences of the properties for electrons moving in 1D, 2D, and 3D? • How did quantum mechanics and quantum statistics of free elec- trons resolve the discrepancies of the classical Drude model of the behavior of electrons in solids, and what phenomena could still not be explained? • A few exactly solved situations when electrons are not free, but form bound states, in which case there is no motion of electrons.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Drude theory"

Oviedo, Hector, and Vladislav V. Kravchenko. "Analysis of local Drude-Born-Fedorov constitutive relations for time-dependent waves in chiral media." In 2010 International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory (MMET). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmet.2010.5611431.

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Zetts, John S. "Optical absorption of metal insulator composites: Maxwell Garnett-Drude analysis." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tuee6.

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The optical absorption of metal/insulator composites, where the diameter of the metal particles is much less than the wavelength of the incident radiation, is given by the Maxwell Garnett theory in terms of the separate dielectric functions of the metal and the insulator. Further simplification of these expressions can be obtained if the metal dielectric function can be represented by the Drude model. Once the Drude parameters E p (plasma frequency), Γ (damping constant), and e b (background dielectric constant) are known for a metal, the location, height, and width of the composite absorption bands can be expressed in terms of these parameters, the value of the insulator dielectric constant, and the metal volume fraction in the composite. Approximate closed-form expressions are developed for the case of good metallic conductors and are used to relate the composite absorption to the dc conductivity of the metal particles and can be interpreted in terms of standard oscillator results.

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Lehan, J. P., and R. W. Sprague. "Surface Plasmon Measurements of In2O3:Sn Thin Films." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1992.othe7.

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We have applied a He-Ne laser operating at 3.39 microns to probe the microstructure of thin films of In2O3:Sn by observing their surface plasmon characteristics. The results of the surface plasmon measurements will be contrasted with theoretical results calculated using the Drude model from measured DC electrical properties. Discrepancies between theory and experiment will be explained in terms of film microstructure.

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Andreev, Mikhail V., Oleg O. Drobakhin, Nadiia P. Stognii, and Nataliya K. Sakhnenko. "Fractional-rational representation of the frequency spectrum of the scattered field for a drude-metal nanowire resonating on localized surface plasmons." In 2017 XXIInd International Seminar/Workshop on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory (DIPED). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/diped.2017.8100557.

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Hu, X. F., and M. C. Downer. "Femtosecond ellipsometric study of nonequilibrium carrier dynamics in Si1-xGex." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1994.tua.4.

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In III-V semiconductors, comparison of femtosecond time scale optical measurements1 with microscopic carrier dynamic theory2 has become direct and quantitative. In Column IV semiconductors, on the other hand, quantitative experiment-theory comparison has been achieved only on a picosecond time scale.3 This paper presents a systematic study of the fs.-time-resolved ellipsometric response of epitaxial Si1.xGex (0≤x≤l) alloys as a first step in measuring and modelling subpicosecond bulk carrier dynamics. Pump and probe beams were derived from either an unamplified CPM laser4 (620 nm wavelength) or an unamplified KLM laser(800nm + 400nm second harmonic). The time-dependent optical response is related to free carrier density Neh(t), reduced effective mass μ*(t) via a time-varying Drude-Lorentz dielectric function:

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Dubard, J., Arthur L. Smirl, A. C. Cui, George C. Valley, and Thomas F. Boggess. "Picosecond polarization rotation by photorefractive and free-carrier index gratings." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.thc5.

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Recently, we reported extensive measurements of the energy transfer in picosecond two-beam-coupling experiments in semi-insulating GaAs in which the photorefractive gain competed with (and was obscured by) nonlinear loss and transient energy transfer from the Drude-Lorentz free-carrier index grating.1 Here, by using a crossed polarizer-analyzer pair in a similar geometry, we measure the pump-induced rotation of the probe polarization as a function of pump fluence, time delay between the two pulses, pump polarization, analyzer angle, and sample orientation. The photorefractive and free-carrier index gratings are expected to have dramatically different dependences on these experimental parameters. We illustrate these dependences and use them to identify, separate, and contrast the contributions of the two gratings. One advantage of this technique, which we demonstrate, is that the contribution of the photorefractive grating to the cross-polarized two-beam coupling can be separated from the contribution of the free-carrier grating by controlling the pump polarization. Thus we separate and measure the photorefractive gain using this technique, and we compare it to the gain deduced from our conventional scalar two-beam coupling measurements and to a modified version of our original theory.

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Monterrat, E., Ph Boy, and C. Marcel. "Modelisation of optical properties of Sn and Ge doped ln2O3." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.tuc.3.

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Ten percent tin doped In2O3 films (ITO) and other heavily doped wide band gap oxide semiconductor films are transparent in the visible range and present a metallic behavior in the IR region. This remarkable combination of properties is very interesting for thermal applications and has been intensively studied in the past decade. Optical properties of these films are known to be strongly dependent on their electrical conductivity and are well modelized with a Drude model or a Drude-Lorentz model.[1,2,3,4]

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Tanner, D. B., Feng Cao, S. L. Herr, C. D. Porter, K. Kamaras, S. Etemad, T. Venkatesan, et al. "Infrared look at the high Tc superconductors." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.ws2.

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The optical properties of high Tc films, crystals, and bulk samples have been studied between 15 and 300 K, over the 50-40,000-cm−1 (6-meV-5-eV) range. The normal state spectra have a low frequency Drude contribution and a strong midinfrared absorption; Drude parameters correspond to the clean limit (1/τ < 2Δ or l >ξ). Below Tc the reflectance of high quality (Tc~ 88 K and ΔTc, ≈ 0.5 K) YBa2Cu3O7 films prepared by laser deposition is 100% ± 1% below 150 cm−1. There is an onset of absorption at 150 cm-1 and structure in the 450-500-cm−1 region. These, however, are not the superconducting energy gap because they (1) are present above Tc (2), do not shift when Tc decreases due to oxygen deficiency, and (3) occur at a substantially higher energy in Tc ≈ 85 K Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 crystals. Instead, they are temperature independent midinfrared excitations. The superconducting gap may (perhaps) be inferred (with rather wide bounds) from the temperature dependence of certain infrared vibrational features, which narrow below Tc.

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Khair-Abbas, Randa. "Intrafamily Communication Styles and Their Influence on the Self-Image of Israeli Druze Adolescents." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1881905.

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Southwell, William H. "Index and dispersion of co-evaporated thin films." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.tuc3.

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Using the thin layer equivalence principle, which determines the equivalent index of two very thin layers having the same total physical thickness, we argue that the index squared of co-evaporated films is given by the sum of the index squared of the constituent materials weighted by their volume fractions. This turns out to be in agreement with the Drude model. A more difficult question is: what is the wavelength dependence or dispersion of the co-evaporated thin film? To answer that, we started with the derived expression for the mixed index and applied a dispersion relation for each of the constituents. The dispersion was expressed in terms of a chromatic coordinate expansion, which assumes an ultraviolet band edge and a far-infrared cutoff. Each constituent material is characterized by a dispersion coefficient indicating how much of the chromatic coordinant is needed to express the proper index dispersion. The dispersion coefficient of the mixed layer is thus obtained in terms of the dispersion coefficients of the constituents and the volume fraction of the mixing. It is shown that it is possible to control the dispersion of thin-film coatings through co-evaporation.

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