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1
Chang, Cheng, Gen Ohbayashi, Toru Yamaguchi, and Eri Sato-Shimokawara. "Information Presentation Support of Car Robotics Simulator System Based on Humatronics." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 3 (May 20, 2011): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most traffic accidents are caused by drivers’ carelessness and lack of information about the surrounding objects. In this paper, authors develop information presentation support system of a car robotics system based on humatronics. The main purpose of humatronics is to establish the symmetric interaction between human and electronics system by giving the system the capability of understanding human. Car robotics system based on humatronics is used in this research. Car robotics system is developed on human centered city. In this city, systems judge the situation and autonomously support human. A car recognizes driver’s intention by car robotics system, and acquires environmental information by connecting to the network of the human centered city’s system. The environmental information is divided into two parts: foreground information and background information. Authors develop information presentation support system which presents foreground information and gackground information. Driver is supported by the system which can be used to predict the driving reaction beforehand and send a warning signal to the driver in time.
2
Cauffman, Stephen J., Yulin Deng, Yunmei Liu, Christopher Cunningham, David Kaber, and Jing Feng. "Driver Logo Sign Detection and Hazard Responses during Partially Automated Driving." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641472.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the presentation of service logo information under partially automated driving. Drivers completed simulated drives with partial automation during which they had to detect target logo signs and react to hazards by taking over vehicle control when needed. Driver performance was measured in terms of sign detection rate, crash rate, and hazard response time. A number of factors, including sign information source, sign information load, and driver age group, were investigated. In general, our findings support the delivery of service logo information via in-vehicle display under partially automated driving, especially when the in-vehicle display occurred simultaneously with the on-road signage. Under this presentation condition, drivers were most accurate in detecting target logo signs, and showed little impairment from processing sign information as a secondary task when negotiating a hazard. Implications of the findings and future directions were discussed.
3
Hill, Melinda J., Nancy W. Hudson, Brenda M. Lantz, and Gene C. Griffin. "Commercial Vehicle Driver Family Issues Assessment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1640, no. 1 (January 1998): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1640-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dissatisfaction of truck drivers associated with issues related to the family is examined. This dissatisfaction is seen as a major reason for high turnover rates in the trucking industry. The nature of commercial vehicle driver work and family environments is more clearly defined through mail survey questions asked of both the driver and their spouse/partner. Specific questions in the survey address work concerns, family concerns, decision making, informational needs, communication, and leisure time. Methods to apply this information to programs of intervention and support useful to commercial vehicle companies are identified. Results indicated that family-related information would help support drivers and their families. In addition, a literature review discusses job characteristics of drivers, describes stressors for the families, and identifies possible coping skills and intervention methods.
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Laberge, Jason, Nicholas Ward, Michael Rakauskas, and Janet Creaser. "A Comparison of Work Domain and Task Analysis for Identifying Information Requirements: A Case Study of Rural Intersection Decision Support Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 4 (October 2007): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Minnesota drivers are over-represented in accidents at rural intersections and many crashes are attributable to drivers accepting unsafe gaps. In this context, intersection decision support (IDS) systems are promising technologies for supporting driver decision-making. A significant activity during IDS development is to determine the information requirements to display to drivers. To be effective, an IDS system must present information that helps drivers successfully negotiate intersections. This paper compares two methods for identifying information requirements: work domain analysis (WDA) and hierarchical task analysis (HTA). Results showed that 58% of the requirements were identified by WDA, 7% by HTA, and 35% by both methods. An analysis of driver errors at intersections during the HTA activity identified that drivers can perceive gaps at intersections in different ways. This important nuance was not captured in the WDA. Therefore, both WDA and HTA are effective methods for identifying information requirements. Discussion focuses on the importance of both WDA and HTA in IDS system development.
5
Riener, Andreas, Pierre Chalfoun, and Claude Frasson. "The Potential of Subliminal Information Displays to Change Driver Behavior." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the long history of subliminal messages and perception, many contradictory results have been presented. One group of researchers suggests that subliminal interaction techniques improve human–computer interaction by reducing sensory workload, whereas others have found that subliminal perception does not work. In this paper, we want to challenge this prejudice by first defining a terminology and introducing a theoretical taxonomy of mental processing states, then reviewing and discussing the potential of subliminal approaches for different sensory channels, and finally recapitulating the findings from our studies on subliminally triggered behavior change. Our objective is to mitigate driving problems caused by excessive information. Therefore, this work focuses on subliminal techniques applied to driver–vehicle interaction to induce a nonconscious change in driver behavior. Based on a survey of related work which identified the potential of subliminal cues in driving, we conducted two user studies assessing their applicability in real-world situations. The first study evaluated whether subtle (subliminal) vibrations could promote economical driving, and the second exposed drivers to very briefly flashed visual stimuli to assess their potential to improve steering behavior. Our results suggest that subliminal approaches are indeed feasible to provide drivers with added driving support without dissipating attention resources. Despite the lack of general evidence for uniform effectiveness of such interfaces in all driving circumstances, we firmly believe that such interfaces are valuable since they may eventually prevent accidents, save lives, and even reduce fuel costs and CO2 emissions for some drivers. For all these reasons, we are confident that subliminally driven interfaces will find their way into cars of the (near) future.
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Hashimoto, Kohjiro, Tetsuyasu Yamada, Takeshi Tsuchiya, Kae Doki, Yuki Funabora, and Shinji Doki. "Detection of contributing object to driving operations based on hidden Markov model." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 172988141987679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419876794.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With increase in the number of elderly people in the Japanese society, traffic accidents caused by elderly driver is considered problematic. The primary factor of the traffic accidents is a reduction in their driving cognitive performance. Therefore, a system that supports the cognitive performance of drivers can greatly contribute in preventing accidents. Recently, the development of devices for visually providing information, such as smart glasses or head up display, is in progress. These devices can provide more effective supporting information for cognitive performance. In this article, we focus on the selection problem of information to be presented for drivers to realize the cognitive support system. It has been reported that the presentation of excessive information to a driver reduces the judgment ability of the driver and makes the information less trustworthy. Thus, indiscriminate presentation of information in the vision of the driver is not an effective cognitive support. Therefore, a mechanism for determining the information to be presented to the driver based on the current driving situation is required. In this study, the object that contributes to execution of avoidance driving operation is regarded as the object that drivers must recognize and present for drivers. This object is called as contributing object. In this article, we propose a method that selects contributing objects among the appeared objects on the current driving scene. The proposed method expresses the relation between the time series change of an appeared object and avoidance operation of the driver by a mathematical model. This model can predict execution timing of avoidance driving operation and estimate contributing object based on the prediction result of driving operation. This model named as contributing model consisted of multi-hidden Markov models. Hidden Markov model is time series probabilistic model with high readability. This is because that model parameters express the probabilistic distribution and its statistics. Therefore, the characteristics of contributing model are that it enables the designer to understand the basis for the output decision. In this article, we evaluated detection accuracy of contributing object based on the proposed method, and readability of contributing model through several experiments. According to the results of these experiments, high detection accuracy of contributing object was confirmed. Moreover, it was confirmed that the basis of detected contributing object judgment can be understood from contributing model.
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Taramov, A. A., and N. G. Shilov. "Recommender Systems for Driver Information Support: State-of-the-Art Review." Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics 21, no. 2 (2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21293/1818-0442-2018-21-2-68-74.
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FitzGerald, Clare. "Getting Past “Purposeful”: Exploring Dimensionality in Nonprofit Executive Performance Information Use." Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 6, no. 3 (December 16, 2020): 281–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.6.3.281-302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although performance information use (PIU) among public managers is a growing and increasingly relevant research area, the existing evidence base has two significant limitations for those interested in its application to nonprofit executives. First, large survey investigations, the predominant method used to assess PIU behaviors, have rarely sampled outside of government. Second, despite theoretical arguments and empirical support for PIU being a multidimensional behavior, only ‘purposeful’ use (i.e., the deliberate and instrumental use of performance information in decision-making to improve organizational operations) has been examined with any regularity. Thus, in addition to developing theory around PIU for nonprofit executives (rather than just public managers within governments), I test established drivers of purposeful and political PIU using survey data from 260 nonprofit executives throughout the United States. Results show that nonprofit executive PIU is driven by different considerations than public manager PIU. Additionally, results show that leadership support of performance measurement is an important driver of purposeful and political PIU, with organizational goal clarity and networking behavior also, specifically, driving political PIU.
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KUBOTA, Shinichi, Ichiro KAGEYAMA, and Yukiyo KURIYAGAWA. "3216 Study on Indication Method of Driving Information as Driver Support System." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2005.14 (2005): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2005.14.259.
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Hollander, Cornelia, Nadine Rauh, Frederik Naujoks, Sebastian Hergeth, Josef F. Krems, and Andreas Keinath. "Methodological Approach towards Evaluating the Effects of Non-Driving Related Tasks during Partially Automated Driving." Information 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11070340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Partially automated driving (PAD, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) level 2) features provide steering and brake/acceleration support, while the driver must constantly supervise the support feature and intervene if needed to maintain safety. PAD could potentially increase comfort, road safety, and traffic efficiency. As during manual driving, users might engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, studies systematically examining NDRT execution during PAD are rare and most importantly, no established methodologies to systematically evaluate driver distraction during PAD currently exist. The current project’s goal was to take the initial steps towards developing a test protocol for systematically evaluating NDRT’s effects during PAD. The methodologies used for manual driving were extended to PAD. Two generic take-over situations addressing system limits of a given PAD regarding longitudinal and lateral control were implemented to evaluate drivers’ supervisory and take-over capabilities while engaging in different NDRTs (e.g., manual radio tuning task). The test protocol was evaluated and refined across the three studies (two simulator and one test track). The results indicate that the methodology could sensitively detect differences between the NDRTs’ influences on drivers’ take-over and especially supervisory capabilities. Recommendations were formulated regarding the test protocol’s use in future studies examining the effects of NDRTs during PAD.
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Dinges, David F., Greg Maislin, Rebecca M. Brewster, Gerald P. Krueger, and Robert J. Carroll. "Pilot Test of Fatigue Management Technologies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1922, no. 1 (January 2005): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192200122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study involved over-the-road testing of four fatigue management technologies (FMTs) in trucking operations in Canada and the United States. Technologies bundled into a single intervention came from four fatigue management domains: one providing objective information on driver sleep need, one providing objective information on driver drowsiness, one providing objective information on lane tracking performance, and one reducing the work involved in controlling vehicle stability while driving. The objective was to determine driver reactions to such technologies and whether FMT feedback would improve alertness, especially during night driving, or increase sleep time on workdays or nonworkdays. A within-subjects crossover design was used to compare the effects of FMT feedback to no feedback. Each driver underwent the conditions in the same order: 2 weeks of no feedback (control) followed by 2 weeks of FMT feedback (intervention). Data from the devices and other driving performance variables were recorded every second of truck operation for 28 days for each driver, with a resulting 8.7 million data records among the 38 drivers. Support was found for FMT effects. During night driving, FMT feedback significantly reduced driver drowsiness (p = 0.004) and lane tracking variability (p = 0.007). However, there was evidence from probed psychomotor vigilance task testing that these improvements may have had cost because of the effort (in attention and compensatory behaviors) required to respond to information from the devices. In general, participants agreed that commercial drivers would benefit from FMT and were more positive about those involving vehicle monitoring than those involving driver monitoring.
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Paróczi, Zsombor, István Nagy, Csaba Gáspár-Papanek, Zsolt T. Kardkovács, Endre Varga, Ádám Siegler, and Péter Lucz. "Augmented Reality Aspects of Object Recognition in Driver Support Systems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 2 (March 20, 2012): 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Augmented Reality (AR) is a technique that combines a live view in real-time with virtual computergenerated images, creating a real-time augmented experience of reality. In this paper we define connection between augmented reality and cognitive infocommunications and show a demonstration system for driver support which combines raw sensory with extracted visual data to provide extended information about the visual scene around the car. Traffic sign recognition system presented in this paper is an independent work of U1 Research and Top-Map Plc.
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Voces-Aboy, Jose, Inmaculada Abia-Llera, Eroteida Sánchez-García, Beatriz Navascués, Ernesto Rodríguez-Camino, María Nieves Garrido-del-Pozo, María Concepción García-Gómez, José Adolfo Álvarez-González, and Fernando Pastor-Argüello. "Web-based decision support toolbox for Spanish reservoirs." Advances in Science and Research 16 (August 8, 2019): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-157-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Under the S-ClimWaRe (Seasonal Climate prediction in support of Water Reservoirs management) initiative, a climate service to support decision-making process by water managers in Spanish reservoirs has been developed. It consists in a web-based toolbox jointly designed with stakeholders. The website is organized in two main areas. The first one allows the user to explore, for any water reservoir or grid point over continental Spain, the existing hydrological variability and risk linked to climate variability. This is performed through a set of indicators obtained from time series of hydrological and meteorological observations and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, identified as main climate driver in this geographical region. The second main area provides seasonal forecasts of NAO and both reservoir inflow and precipitation, complemented by information on probabilistic forecasts skill. Currently the NAO index is the only driver implemented for display, and forecasts come from a statistical forecasting system developed only for the extended winter NDJFM period. Through the MEDSCOPE (MEDiterranean Services Chain based On climate PrEdictions) project new sources of predictability and relationships with different climate drivers will be explored. Forecast skill improvement is expected after the combination and weighting of ensemble members of the Copernicus seasonal forecasting systems. These forecasts will feed more sophisticated hydrological models. The toolbox has been flexible designed with respect to sources of seasonal forecasts and extension to additional drivers, variables and seasons. In this way, user requirements and scientific progress will be easily incorporated to new versions of this climate service.
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Tsai, Ming Fong, Sheng Wei Huang, Chui Ming Chiu, Li Da Sun, and Ce Kuen Shieh. "Cooperative Car Video Share and Search System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.853.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The car video can protect the driver by clarifying the liability in the event of an accident. More and more devices and functions have been on sale for drivers in recent years. They are focused on high quality images, wide angle support and night vision functions. However, those technologies cannot help to clarify the accident liability when the sight and angle are obscured by neighbouring cars or buildings. Hence, this paper proposes the Cooperative Car Video Share and Search (CCVSS) system. The car video will be uploaded frequently, including position, heading and timestamp information on each car in the CCVSS system. Hence, the driver can search for neighbouring cars’ videos when an accident happens using the above information. This paper implements a system to help the driver to upload the car video and obtain neighbouring cars’ videos via a smartphone device.Keywords—cooperative; car video; smartphone device
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Daraban, Marius Costin. "ACCOUNTING AS A 21ST CENTURY BUSINESS VALUE DRIVER." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 22, 2017): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.909.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Companies have focused for decades on maximizing the value creation process of direct productive business activities. The information revolution has left its mark and has started an irreversible transformation of classical business processes and activities. In the new 21st century information and data driven society, commodity is value and knowledge, making Porters value chain concept an important key factor for successful and innovative businesses. Business value creation was during the industrial revolution a topic strictly liked to direct productive activities. The increased and transformed business environment required innovative and sustainable competitive advantages for business organizations. The indirect productive business activities, and the business support services have been considered business value consuming and having no contribution towards the company value chain. 21st century accounting has evolved from the role of record keeper to a business value driver that assures and contributes to the company value chain by using its internal knowledge pool. The existing scientific publications are approaching accounting from different perspectives and support the main conclusion of the paper: accounting, in the 21st century is not a “bean counter” anymore, accounting is a certain and consistent business value driver.
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Hurwitz, Joshua B., and David J. Wheatley. "Using Driver Performance Measures to Estimate Workload." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 22 (September 2002): 1804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204602206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study evaluated the impact of the modality of distractor tasks and the difficulty of the driving task on driver control over a vehicle. Driving is a task with a close link between visual information processing and driver performance variables such as lane keeping. Consequently, compared to auditory distractors, visual distractors should have a larger negative effect on vehicle control, but mainly when the driving task also adds significant workload for the driver. In this study, drivers drove around either a curvy or a straight track while occasionally performing either an auditory or a visual secondary monitoring task. Performance of the secondary task was associated with deterioration in steering wheel control and lane keeping, but only on the curvy track and mainly when the secondary task required visual monitoring. These results are discussed in terms of their implication for developing workload managers in in-vehicle driver support systems.
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Qu, Liang Dong, Xin Yu Cui, and Xiao Nan Liu. "A Route Handoff Method Based on Virtual Private Network in Vehicle Information Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vehicle information system is the data center of vehicle communication networks, and the vehicle gateway is the core of the vehicle information system, in order to support the vehicle information system both WLAN and CDMA interfaces, a virtual network device (VND) in Linux embedded System is designed and implemented as a mid-layer module between the real device driver and internet protocol stack called driver middleware. The VND can establish a virtual private network between the vehicle information device and agent server. The virtual network interface is designed to catch the packets both input and output processing for the sake of checking the route before the packets transmission. Both the terminal and the agent have the driver middleware to ensure smooth flow routing.
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Widantari, Sekar Putranti, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih, and Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti. "DETERMINANT OF PERSONAL HYGIENE BEHAVIOR OF ONLINE MOTORBIKE TAXI DRIVERS IN COVID 19 PREVENTION IN SEMARANG CENTRAL JAVA." Jurnal Riset Kesehatan 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v10i1.6525.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Online motorcycle taxi drivers are at risk of contracting COVID-19 because they have a high frequency of contact with other people and objects that have the possibility of SARS-CoV 2 on their surface. This study aims to determine the determinants of personal hygiene in online motorcycle taxi drivers in an effort to prevent COVID-19 in the city of Semarang, which is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study were 385 drivers who were in the online motorcycle taxi driver communities on Facebook and Twitter. The sampling technique uses a snowball, and the research instrument is a questionnaire distributed via google forms. Data analysis using Chi-Square Test. 89.4% of online motorcycle taxi drivers are male, 76.1% have low levels of education, 58.7% have low-income levels, 32.2% have poor knowledge, 46.2% have poor attitudes, 48.3% had poor family support, 26.2% had poor peer support, 45.2% had poor information accessibility, and 47% had poor personal hygiene behavior. There is a relationship between knowledge (p-value 0.001) attitude (p-value 0.001 ) and family support (p-value 0.001 ) with personal hygiene behavior. Knowledge becomes the most influential determinant of personal hygiene behavior. Providing an educational menu in the driver application can help to increase knowledge.
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Granebring, Annika, and Péter Révay. "Service‐oriented architecture is a driver for daily decision support." Kybernetes 36, no. 5/6 (June 19, 2007): 622–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684920710749712.
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Antrobus, Vicki, David Large, Gary Burnett, and Chrisminder Hare. "Enhancing Environmental Engagement with Natural Language Interfaces for In-Vehicle Navigation Systems." Journal of Navigation 72, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331800108x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Four on-road studies were conducted in the Clifton area of Nottingham, UK, aiming to explore the relationships between driver workload and environmental engagement associated with ‘active’ and ‘passive’ navigation systems. In a between-subjects design, a total of 61 experienced drivers completed two experimental drives comprising the same three routes (with overlapping sections), staged one week apart. Drivers were provided with the navigational support of a commercially-available navigation device (‘satnav’), an informed passenger (a stranger with expert route knowledge), a collaborative passenger (an individual with whom they had a close, personal relationship) or a novel interface employing a conversational natural language ‘NAV-NLI’ (Navigation Natural Language Interface). The NAV-NLI was created by curating linguistic intercourse extracted from the earlier conditions and delivering this using a ‘Wizard-of-Oz’ technique. This term describes a research experiment in which subjects interact with a computer system that they believe to be autonomous, but which is actually being operated or partially operated by an unseen human being. The different navigational methods were notable for their varying interactivity and the preponderance of environmental landmark information within route directions. Participants experienced the same guidance on each of the two drives to explore changes in reported and observed behaviour. Results show that participants who were more active in the navigation task (collaborative passenger or NAV-NLI) demonstrated enhanced environmental engagement (landmark recognition, route-learning and survey knowledge) allowing them to reconstruct the route more accurately post-drive, compared to drivers using more passive forms of navigational support (SatNav or informed passenger). Workload measures (the Tactile Detection Task (TDT) and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX)) indicated no differences between conditions, although SatNav users and collaborative passenger drivers reported lower workload during their second drive. The research demonstrates clear benefits and potential for a navigation system employing two-way conversational language to deliver instructions. This could help support a long-term perspective in the development of spatial knowledge, enabling drivers to become less reliant on the technology and begin to re-establish associations between viewing an environmental feature and the related navigational manoeuvre.
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Irune, Ainojie Alexander. "Evaluating the Visual Demand of In-Vehicle Information Systems." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 3, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmhci.2011010101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In-vehicle information systems (IVIS) provide a variety of driver support and infotainment functionality; however, there is a growing concern that the resulting engagement with IVIS could present significant sources of distraction to drivers. This paper summarises the PhD thesis of Dr Ainojie Alexander Irune, which was awarded at the University of Nottingham in December 2009. The primary aims of the research were to develop a framework to aid the selection of an appropriate HF/HCI method, for use at particular stages in the design process, and to develop a novel method (with a focus on glance duration) for assessing the visual demand afforded by IVIS. Five empirical studies are reported in the thesis. In the first study, interviews were conducted with subject experts and the results were combined with the literature to provide guidance regarding the appropriate use of human factors methods. The remaining four studies present an iterative development of a novel method capable of predicting the visual demand imposed by an IVIS.
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Lindemann, Patrick, Tae-Young Lee, and Gerhard Rigoll. "Catch My Drift: Elevating Situation Awareness for Highly Automated Driving with an Explanatory Windshield Display User Interface." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 2, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti2040071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Broad access to automated cars (ACs) that can reliably and unconditionally drive in all environments is still some years away. Urban areas pose a particular challenge to ACs, since even perfectly reliable systems may be forced to execute sudden reactive driving maneuvers in hard-to-predict hazardous situations. This may negatively surprise the driver, possibly causing discomfort, anxiety or loss of trust, which might be a risk for the acceptance of the technology in general. To counter this, we suggest an explanatory windshield display interface with augmented reality (AR) elements to support driver situation awareness (SA). It provides the driver with information about the car’s perceptive capabilities and driving decisions. We created a prototype in a human-centered approach and implemented the interface in a mixed-reality driving simulation. We conducted a user study to assess its influence on driver SA. We collected objective SA scores and self-ratings, both of which yielded a significant improvement with our interface in good (medium effect) and in bad (large effect) visibility conditions. We conclude that explanatory AR interfaces could be a viable measure against unwarranted driver discomfort and loss of trust in critical urban situations by elevating SA.
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Efremov, S. B. "Type of communication between driver and car, based on the augmented reality: "new trend" in building intelligent transportation systems." Современная зарубежная психология 6, no. 1 (2017): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2017060101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to increase safety while driving and to minimize the burden on the driver, the information should be transmitted to him/her in such a way that the driver needn’t spent time on its recognition and comprehension. Projecting and visualization of information on the windshield can help simplify the dialogue between a car and a driver ("operator") and expand the influence of intellectual transport system using projection information about traffic jams in the field of perception of the driver, so that it does not interfere with the driver on the road. This article discusses the possible advantages and disadvantages of using "hints", created within the framework of the "augmented reality" to increase driving safety by treating them as a new form of communication between a car and a driver. So, it seems to be a new approach to the utilization of the system, based on performances in the field of augmented reality to recognize road signs, which impose virtual objects on the field of perception in all types of traffic situations including the uncomfortable weather conditions. This approach can be used to increase accuracy of intellectual transport system with the augmented reality to support the driver in various driving situations, increasing comfort and reducing the number of accidents
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Schröter, Elisa, Ralph Kiefl, Eric Neidhardt, Gaby Gurczik, Carsten Dalaff, and Konstanze Lechner. "Trialing Innovative Technologies in Crisis Management—“Airborne and Terrestrial Situational Awareness” as Support Tool in Flood Response." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 3743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113743.
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Flooding represents the most-occurring and deadliest threats worldwide among natural disasters. Consequently, new technologies are constantly developed to improve response capacities in crisis management. The remaining challenge for practitioner organizations is not only to identify the best solution to their individual demands, but also to test and evaluate its benefit in a realistic environment before the disaster strikes. To bridge the gap between theoretic potential and actual integration into practice, the EU-funded project DRIVER+ has designed a methodical and technical environment to assess innovation in a realistic but non-operational setup through trials. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) interdisciplinary merged mature technical developments into the “Airborne and terrestrial situational awareness” system and applied it in a DRIVER+ Trial to promote a sustainable and demand-oriented R&D. Experienced practitioners assessed the added value of its modules “KeepOperational” and “ZKI” in the context of large-scale flooding in urban areas. The solution aimed at providing contextual route planning in police operations and extending situational awareness based on information derived through aerial image processing. The user feedback and systematically collected data through the DRIVER + Test-bed approved that DLR’s system could improve transport planning and situational awareness across organizations. However, the results show a special need to consider, for example, cross-domain data-fusion techniques to provide essential 3D geo-information to effectively support specific response tasks during flooding.
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GÜR ALI, ÖZDEN. "DRIVER MODERATOR METHOD FOR RETAIL SALES PREDICTION." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 12, no. 06 (November 2013): 1261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622013500363.
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We introduce a new method for stock keeping unit (SKU)-store level sales prediction in the presence of promotions to support order quantity and promotion planning decisions for retail managers. The method leverages the marketing literature to generate features, and data mining techniques to train a model that provides accurate sales predictions for existing and new SKUs, as well as consistent, actionable insights into category, store and promotion dynamics. The proposed "Driver Moderator" method uses basic SKU-store information and historical sales and promotion data to generate many features. It simultaneously selects few relevant features and estimates their parameters by using an L1-norm regularized epsilon insensitive regression that is formulated to pool information across SKUs and stores. Evaluations on two grocery store databases from Turkey and the USA show that out-of-sample predictions for existing and new SKUs are as good as, or more accurate than benchmark methods. Using the method's predictions for inventory decisions doubles the inventory turn ratio versus using individual regressions by lowering lost sales and inventory levels at the same time.
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Bylykbashi, Kevin, Ermioni Qafzezi, Phudit Ampririt, Makoto Ikeda, Keita Matsuo, and Leonard Barolli. "Performance Evaluation of an Integrated Fuzzy-Based Driving-Support System for Real-Time Risk Management in VANETs." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 6537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226537.
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The highly competitive and rapidly advancing autonomous vehicle race has been on for several years now, and it has made the driver-assistance systems a shadow of their former self. Nevertheless, automated vehicles have many obstacles on the way, and until we have them on the roads, promising solutions that can be achievable in the near future should be sought-after. Driving-support technologies have proven themselves to be effective in the battle against car crashes, and with Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) supporting them, their efficiency is expected to rise steeply. In this work, we propose and implement a driving-support system which, on the one hand, could immensely benefit from major advancement of VANETs, but on the other hand can effectively be implemented as a stand-alone system. The proposed system consists of a non-intrusive integrated fuzzy-based system able to detect a risky situation in real time and alert the driver about the danger. It makes use of the information acquired from various in-car sensors as well as from communications with other vehicles and infrastructure to evaluate the condition of the considered parameters. The parameters include factors that affect the driver’s ability to drive, such as his/her current health condition and the inside environment in which he/she is driving, the vehicle speed, and factors related to the outside environment such as the weather and road condition. We show the effect of these parameters on the determination of the driving risk level through simulations and experiments and explain how these risk levels are translated into actions that can help the driver to manage certain risky situations, thus improving the driving safety.
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Charissis, Vassilis, Jannat Falah, Ramesh Lagoo, Salsabeel F. M. Alfalah, Soheeb Khan, Shu Wang, Samar Altarteer, Kweku Bram Larbi, and Dimitris Drikakis. "Employing Emerging Technologies to Develop and Evaluate In-Vehicle Intelligent Systems for Driver Support: Infotainment AR HUD Case Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041397.
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The plurality of current infotainment devices within the in-vehicle space produces an unprecedented volume of incoming data that overwhelm the typical driver, leading to higher collision probability. This work presents an investigation to an alternative option which aims to manage the incoming information while offering an uncluttered and timely manner of presenting and interacting with the incoming data safely. The latter is achieved through the use of an augmented reality (AR) head-up display (HUD) system, which projects the information within the driver’s field of view. An uncluttered gesture recognition interface provides the interaction with the AR visuals. For the assessment of the system’s effectiveness, we developed a full-scale virtual reality driving simulator which immerses the drivers in challenging, collision-prone, scenarios. The scenarios unfold within a digital twin model of the surrounding motorways of the city of Glasgow. The proposed system was evaluated in contrast to a typical head-down display (HDD) interface system by 30 users, showing promising results that are discussed in detail.
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Chen, Shang Liang, Hsuan Pei Wang, Yun Yao Chen, and Chiang Hsu. "Development of Software-as-a-Service Cloud Computing Architecture for Manufacturing Management Systems Based on Virtual COM Port Driver Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 1023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.1023.
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This study proposes an innovative technology of Virtual COM Port Driver applied to the SaaS cloud manufacturing system, so that user can only via a web browser to complete all operations of system. Flexibility of the system extensions, and support manufacturing enterprise use other communications equipment at work, for example RFID products, GPS receiver. Information integration, solve each computer to be fitted Middleware to read native components and retrieve information for the inconvenience. This study proposes five-layer model of cloud manufacturing system, and through the virtualization web server to achieve cloud infrastructure layer. In particular, the Virtual Com Port Driver is deployed in the cloud infrastructure layer and middleware layer, and the signal device layer can communicate directly to the cloud infrastructure layer via the web browser. Through a case study, to implement the Virtual COM Port Driver technology to verify the cloud server can capture the local COM port successfully only via the web browser and integrate the information further.
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O’Doherty, Siobhain, Christine Linehan, Mimi Tatlow-Golden, Sarah Craig, Mike Kerr, Christy Lynch, and Anthony Staines. "Perspectives of family members of people with an intellectual disability to a major reconfiguration of living arrangements for people with intellectual disability in Ireland." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 20, no. 2 (March 11, 2016): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744629516636538.
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Aim: To document the views of family members of people with an intellectual disability regarding implementation of a personalized model of social support in Ireland. Method: Forty family members participated in six focus groups. Data were thematically analysed. Results: Family members’ preference for particular types of living arrangements were highly reflective of their lived experience. Facilitators to community living included timely information on proposed moves, adequate staffing, suitable properties and locations and consideration of the characteristics of individuals who share a property. Barriers included high support needs, advanced age, a fear of relinquishing current supports, a fear of the sustainability of newer models of residential support and concerns about community opposition. Conclusion: The family perspective to reform is characterized by fear and suspicion of the motivation behind these reforms, with cost efficiencies being perceived as a main driver. Greater information is required to empower families to make informed decisions.
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Welsh, Ruth Helen, Andrew Morris, and Satu Innamaa. "Methodological Aspects of Field Operational Tests of After-Market and Nomadic Driver Support Systems and Impacts on Mobility." Open Transportation Journal 11, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801711010090.
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Background: This paper reports on the methodology undertaken and some results achieved within a study of drivers using aftermarket and nomadic devices (the TeleFOT project). Objective: To evaluate the methodology for conducting Field Operational Tests for Information and Communication Technology whilst also providing an example of the method applied in the context of mobility within the TeleFOT project. Methods: A ‘Top down, bottom up’ approach to the derivation of research questions and hypotheses is described. Statistical analysis has been undertaken on data collected through Field Operational Tests and Travel Diaries considering the impact of information functions (such as navigation, traffic information and green driving) upon journey length. Results: A summary of the results relating specifically to how the length of a journey can be affected by information functions indicates that Navigation and Traffic information can reduce the length of journeys whilst Green Driving functions tend to increase the journey length. Conclusion: The FOT methodology was successfully applied in the TeleFOT project as was the novel method for generating research questions. When turning the theoretical FOT method developed in FESTA into practice, several good innovations were made which can be recommended for future FOTs; collation of metadata, the use of comparable origin / destination pairs for analysis, centralised processing of raw data into legs in order to simplify the analysis of the huge datasets collected in the project.
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Lee, Boon-Giin, and Wan-Young Chung. "MULTI-CLASSIFIER FOR HIGHLY RELIABLE DRIVER DROWSINESS DETECTION IN ANDROID PLATFORM." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 24, no. 02 (April 2012): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237212500159.
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For the past decade, it is well defined in the literature that fatigue is one of the most prospective factor in affecting the driver behavior. This paper presents a novel evaluation of driver fatigue condition based on multi-classifier technique and fusion of attributes approach. The process involved fusion of attributes including image of eye movement and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals that are given as inputs to multi-classifier. In order to develop the best inference classifiers, artificial neural network (ANN), dynamic bayesian network (DBN), support vector machine (SVM), independent component analysis (ICA) and genetic algorithm (GA) were tested in our study. The output from each inference classifier are scaled and product in an intervention module to indicate driver aptitude in real-time. Implementation of monitoring system is practically designed in Android-based smartphone device where it can received all the sensory information from the dedicated sensors installed at the steering wheel via a small scale wireless sensor network. Device built-in front camera was utilized to capture driver facial image. No supplementary monitor is required to be installed in the vehicle as the all the information is to be displayed on the smartphone device itself. Warning system is triggered to warn driver once fatigue is suspected. System testing statistical results revealed that the manifold used of the proposed system demonstrates the advantages of performing information fusion, particularly with discrete methods, and the multi-classifier enabled a more authentic and ample driver fatigue evaluation.
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Kulagin, M. A., and V. G. Sidorenko. "Decision support for preventing safety violations." Dependability 21, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-4-38-46.
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Aim. The aim of the paper is to examine the experience of reducing the effect of the human factor on business processes, to develop the structure and software of the decisionsupport system for preventing safety violations by train drivers using machine learning and to analyse the findings. Methods. The study presented in the paper uses machine learning, statistical analysis and expert analysis. In terms of machine learning, the following methods were used: logistical regression, random forests, gradient boosting over decision trees with frequency-domain representation of categorical features, neural networks. Results. A set of indicators characterizing a train driver’s operation were identified and are to be used as part of the system under development. The term “train driver’s reliability” was defined as the ability not to violate train traffic safety over a certain number of trips. Algorithms were designed and examined for predicting violations in a train driver’s operation that are used in defining reliability groups and lists of preventive measures recommended for the reduction of the number of safety violations in a train driver’s operation. Major violations with proven guilt of the driver that may be committed within the following 3, 7, 10, 20, 30, 60 days were chosen as attributes for the purpose of safety violation prediction. Analysis of the results on the test sample revealed that the model based on gradient boosting over decision trees with frequency-domain representation of categorical features shows the best results for binary classification on the prediction horizon of 30 and 60 days. The developed algorithm made a correct prediction in 76% of cases with the threshold value of 0.7 and horizon of 30 days and in 82% of cases with the threshold value of 0.9 and horizon of 60 days. The solution of the problem can be found in the integration of different approaches to predicting safety violations in a train driver’s operation. Additionally, 10 of the most significant indicators of a train driver’s operation were identified with the best of the considered models, i.e., gradient boosting over decision trees with frequency-domain representation of categorical features. Conclusion. The paper presents an overview of methods and systems of assessing human reliability and the effect of the human factor on the safety of transportation systems. It allowed choosing the most promising directions and methods of predictive analysis of a train driver’s operation, including methods of machine learning. The resulting set of indicators of a train driver’s operation that take into consideration the changes in the quality of such operation allowed obtaining initial data for training the models implemented as part of the system under development. The implemented models enabled the aggregation of information on train drivers and adoption of targeted and temporary preventive measures recommended for improving driver reliability. The resulting approach to the definition of preventive measures has been implemented in three depots of JSC RZD in trial operation mode.
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Johansson, Victoria, Anna Sigridur Islind, Tomas Lindroth, Eva Angenete, and Martin Gellerstedt. "Online Communities as a Driver for Patient Empowerment: Systematic Review." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): e19910. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19910.
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Background The use of online resources has changed how people manage health care processes. Patients seek information about health conditions, guidance in treatment, and support from peers online, complementary to traditional health care trajectories. Online communities have the potential to contribute to the quality of care by increasing patient empowerment; however, there is a gap in research regarding in what way online communities contribute to patient empowerment. Objective We synthesized research regarding how online communities contribute to patient empowerment to address the research question “In what ways can participation in online communities support patient empowerment?” by studying how patient empowerment is operationalized in different studies. The definition of patient empowerment used in this paper is enablement for people to develop mastery over actions and control over decisions that influence their lives. The mastery is both through processes and outcomes of the development. Methods A systematic review was conducted by searching in the following databases: Scopus, ACM Digital Library, EBSCO (CINAHL and MEDLINE), PubMed, and Web of Science. In total, there were 1187 papers after excluding duplicates, and through selection processes using an analytical framework with definitions of patient empowerment and related concepts, 33 peer-reviewed papers were included. Results Findings indicated that online communities support patient empowerment both as a process and as outcomes of these processes. Additionally, it was seen as a complement to traditional health care and encouragement for health care professionals to have a more positive attitude toward patients’ usage. There was a mix between deductive (19/33, 58%), inductive (11/33, 33%), and a mixed approach (3/33, 9%) of studying patient empowerment in various forms. The online communities in most papers (21/33, 64%) were well-established and represented patients’ initiatives. Conclusions There is a need to include professionals' perspectives regarding how health care can embrace patient empowerment through online communities. This systematic review's main contribution is the proposal of a new framework and conceptualization of how patient empowerment in online communities can be understood from different hierarchical levels.
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Manser, Michael P., Nicholas J. Ward, Nobuyuki Kuge, and Erwin R. Boer. "Influence of a Driver Support System on Situation Awareness and Information Processing in Response to Lead Vehicle Braking." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 48, no. 19 (September 2004): 2359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120404801933.
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Richardson, Joy, Kirsten M. A. Revell, Jisun Kim, and Neville A. Stanton. "The iconography of vehicle automation—a focus group study." Human-Intelligent Systems Integration 3, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42454-021-00034-2.
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AbstractSAE level 2 and 3 semi-autonomous vehicles are widely available but, due to the nature of automation, their in-vehicle displays are required to communicate more complex information to the driver. Examination of interfaces from a variety of manufacturers revealed a clear lack of consistency in the way key information is displayed. Different manufacturers have adopted icons varying in shape and colour to convey the same message. When driving a semi-autonomous vehicle, mode awareness is critical for trust, performance and safety. Standardisation of icons has been shown to have many benefits including opening products up to wider international markets by helping overcome language and cultural barriers, by providing a method of communication which can surpass them. However, the current lack of standardisation in icon design could cause mode confusion and has little cross-vehicle compatibility. To understand the impact of mode confusion on users, a focus group was held in which participants were asked to interpret the meaning of icons from a variety of different driver interfaces. Ambiguity in user interpretations makes the case for the introduction of new ISO standard icons to better support drivers in SAE level 2 and 3 automated vehicles.
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Brichuk, O. B., and A. D. Nevskaya. "Digitalization of entrepreneurship as a driver of its growth." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 1218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.7.1218.
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Subject. The article considers the impact of digital economy on entrepreneurship, which is a key factor in influencing the social and economic life of countries with market economies. New economic processes are emerging, such as e-commerce, as well as new economic agents, such as digital government and digital enterprises, which, in turn, are shaping the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. Objectives. We focus on exploring the impact of digital economy on business activity. Methods. The study draws on the methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. The digital economy is forcing many States to take a new course in their policies to improve socio-economic processes. In 2017, the RF President's Decree was issued called On the Strategy for Information Society Development in the Russian Federation for 2017–2030, which is aimed at the development of information and communication technologies, including those ones in the economy. Conclusions. Any State should provide favorable conditions for digitalization of entrepreneurship. Public financial support is crucial for creating and fostering innovative center for development of new digital enterprises.
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O’Connell, Phillip J., Fiona Lawton, Ann M. Mills, and Karen Klockner. "Improving signal passed at danger management in New Zealand rail operations: Combining stabilised approach procedures with risk-triggered commentary driving." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 10 (November 3, 2016): 1070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716675003.
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The critical examination of driver cognition and information processing is vital to ensuring an effective signal passed at danger (SPAD) prevention strategy. Although this need was identified in KiwiRail’s organisational strategy to reduce signal passed at danger risk, the why and how factors were not clearly described and robustly linked to deliver the necessary effects. With risk-triggered commentary driving programmes gaining recognition as valuable components and activities within the driver competency model, an opportunity to couple risk-triggered commentary driving with stabilised approach methodologies and procedures, adopted from aviation and modified for use on New Zealand’s railway network was subsequently identified. A driver subject matter expert group was formed, a literature review completed, guidance developed and new procedures trialled. This activity provided new opportunities to introduce error-tolerant system design, increase accuracy of driver signal action response and reduce signal passed at danger risk on New Zealand’s National Rail System by adopting and designing bespoke methodologies that support enhanced driver cognition and safe system design.
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Oliveira, Renan Furlan de, Edmur Azevedo Pugliesi, Ana Paula Marques Ramos, and Mônica Modesta Santos Decanini. "DRIVER PREFERENCE CONCERNING IN-CAR ROUTE GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM MAPS FOR DRIVERS WITH COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 24, no. 2 (June 2018): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702018000200013.
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Abstract: In-car Route Guidance and Navigation Systems (RGNS) are used to help drivers navigate. These maps have mainly been designed to accommodate drivers with normal color vision. However, the color perception of people with normal color vision differs from that of people with color vision deficiency. When navigating, understanding certain kinds of information presented by RGNS maps can be a more complex task for colorblind drivers and traffic safety may be impacted negatively. An important aspect related to the graphic design of RGNS maps is the use of a good combination of colors to improve map legibility. Cartographic representations with good legibility aid drivers in comprehending information and making appropriate decisions during driving tasks. This paper evaluates driver preference for RGNS maps designed for drivers with color vision deficiency. A total of 14 subjects participated in an experiment performed in a parked car. Maps were designed to accommodate red-blinds and green-blinds by using a color simulator and principles of perceptual grouping and figure-ground segregation. Based on the results, we conclude that the map grouping symbols representing car and direction arrows in blue segregated from the route in black was more acceptable to drivers compared to other combinations. It is recommended that RGNS should offer a specific graphic design to support drivers with color vision deficiency in navigating.
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Kholiavko, Nataliia, and Antonina Djakona. "HIGHER EDUCATION AS A DRIVER OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT." Economics & Education 6, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2021-1-14.
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The purpose of the current study is to analyze the impact of higher education and universities on the dynamics of the digital economy. The authors hypothesized to distinguish three components (educational, research, innovation) in the digital economy development. Within this article, the results of using index and cluster analysis methods to determine the impact of the educational component on the processes of digital economy development in Ukraine at the macroeconomic and meso-economic levels are presented. The special attention is put on the educational component because the higher educational institutions concentrate intellectual capital of the country, as well as prepare future specialists for the needs of digital economy. Moreover the universities’ scientists make an impact on digital economy development by conducting research and transferring their results technological innovations, information and communicational technologies, etc.) into the real economy. During the research, main problems of digital economy development, determined by the poor quality of educational services, insufficient commercialization of university research results in the real economy, are identified. The authors conclude that solving the identified problems requires synchronization of interests and establishing a long-term partnership between universities, business, the state and the public. Importance of optimizing the state regulatory influence on economic entities in the context of digitalization of the national economy is emphasized. In particular, it is proposed to group the set of measures of state regulation into three vectors, namely: neutral-encouraging (support of positive dynamics of intensive development), incentive-providing (resource and information support of development processes) and initiative-mentoring (motivation and coordination of development processes).
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Forster, Yannick, Sebastian Hergeth, Frederik Naujoks, Josef Krems, and Andreas Keinath. "User Education in Automated Driving: Owner’s Manual and Interactive Tutorial Support Mental Model Formation and Human-Automation Interaction." Information 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10040143.
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Automated driving systems (ADS) and a combination of these with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) will soon be available to a large consumer population. Apart from testing automated driving features and human–machine interfaces (HMI), the development and evaluation of training for interacting with driving automation has been largely neglected. The present work outlines the conceptual development of two possible approaches of user education which are the owner’s manual and an interactive tutorial. These approaches are investigated by comparing them to a baseline consisting of generic information about the system function. Using a between-subjects design, N = 24 participants complete one training prior to interacting with the ADS HMI in a driving simulator. Results show that both the owner’s manual and an interactive tutorial led to an increased understanding of driving automation systems as well as an increased interaction performance. This work contributes to method development for the evaluation of ADS by proposing two alternative approaches of user education and their implications for both application in realistic settings and HMI testing.
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Welsh, Ruth, and Andrew Morris. "Perceived Safety Benefits of Aftermarket Driver Support Systems: Results from a Large Scale European Field Operational Test (FOT)." Safety 4, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety4040054.
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A field operational test (FOT) is a technique used within traffic safety to evaluate the overall value of in-vehicle information systems (IVISs) under normal operating conditions. In this study, a pan-European FOT was used to evaluate Navigation, Speed Information/Alert, Traffic Information, and Green Driving Support functions together with participants’ perceptions of safety’ before, during, and after using the functions. Through utilization and adherence to the FOT methodology, data were collected over a period ranging from 8 to 16 months in five European countries in order to assess the driver pre-conceived ideas and subsequent subjective and objective experiences with the IVIS functions. Several analyses of data were conducted, and this paper describes the results relating to the ‘user-experience’ as evaluated through subjective responses. The study showed that before the FOTs started, overall participants expected a higher safety benefit through using Speed Alert compared to the other functions. This function was also perceived to offer the highest safety benefit after the FOT had been completed. Perceptions of safety were found to be lowest for the green-driving function. The results offer insights into public expectations of IVIS functions and how these change with experience and overall; they suggest that, in some cases, the perception to safety benefits could be somewhat misplaced.
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Liu, Yue, Yuhki Kitazono, Shota Nakashima, Li Feng Zhang, and Serikawa Seiichi. "Proposal of Driver Symbol Mark Detection Using One-Dimensional Histogram Figure Extraction Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 36 (October 2010): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.36.376.
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Nowadays, research and development in vehicle safety system has been intensively conducted. In the research field of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), various suggestions have been made concerning road signs which can be automatically recognized by driver-support systems. But, human factors are important risks of traffic accidents. However, research is focused on road signs, in the driver information analysis is not enough. So, in this study we describe a new method to extract driver symbol mark using one-dimensional histogram. The method utilizes the Polytope method which is one of minimization algorithms. For the extraction of figures, one-dimensional histogram is used. On the method of this study, the algorithm is simple, the memory space is very small, and the processing time is very short.
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Golz, Martin, Sebastian Thomas, and Adolf Schenka. "EEG-Based Classification of the Driver Alertness State." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3091.
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AbstractGMLVQ (Generalized Matrix Relevance Learning Vector Quantization) is a method of machine learning with an adaptive metric. While training, the prototype vectors as well as the weight matrix of the metric are adapted simultaneously. The method is presented in more detail and compared with other machine learning methods employing a fixed metric. It was investigated how accurately the methods can assign the 6-channel EEG of 25 young drivers, who drove overnight in the simulation lab, to the two classes of mild and severe drowsiness. Results of cross-validation show that GMLVQ is at 81.7 ± 1.3 % mean classification accuracy. It is not as accurate as support-vector machines (SVM) and gradient boosting machines (GBM) and cannot exploit the potential of learning adaptive metrics in the case of EEG data. However, information is provided on the relevance of each signal feature from the weighting matrix.
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Hancock, P. A., Tara Kajaks, Jeff K. Caird, Mark H. Chignell, Sachi Mizobuchi, Peter C. Burns, Jing Feng, et al. "Challenges to Human Drivers in Increasingly Automated Vehicles." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 310–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819900402.
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Objective We examine the relationships between contemporary progress in on‐road vehicle automation and its coherence with an envisioned “autopia” (automobile utopia) whereby the vehicle operation task is removed from all direct human control. Background The progressive automation of on‐road vehicles toward a completely driverless state is determined by the integration of technological advances into the private automobile market; improvements in transportation infrastructure and systems efficiencies; and the vision of future driving as a crash‐free enterprise. While there are many challenges to address with respect to automated vehicles concerning the remaining driver role, a considerable amount of technology is already present in vehicles and is advancing rapidly. Methods A multidisciplinary team of experts met to discuss the most critical challenges in the changing role of the driver, and associated safety issues, during the transitional phase of vehicle automation where human drivers continue to have an important but truncated role in monitoring and supervising vehicle operations. Results The group endorsed that vehicle automation is an important application of information technology, not only because of its impact on transportation efficiency, but also because road transport is a life critical system in which failures result in deaths and injuries. Five critical challenges were identified: driver independence and mobility, driver acceptance and trust, failure management, third-party testing, and political support. Conclusion Vehicle automation is not technical innovation alone, but is a social as much as a technological revolution consisting of both attendant costs and concomitant benefits.
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Wakamiya, Atsushi, Naoki Suganuma, In Soo Kweon, and Naofumi Fujiwara. "Obstacle Recognition and Position Measurement for Night Driving by Image Processing." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 13, no. 4 (August 20, 2001): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2001.p0371.
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The reduced driving visibility at night makes it important in driver support to improve recognize obstacle recognition. We propose detecting vehicle tail lights by us bright color information issued at night and measuring the relative distance to the vehicle from its image position using stereo vision. We conducted experiments to determine the effectiveness of our proposed technique.
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Saretta, Erika, Pierluigi Bonomo, Willy Maeder, Van Khai Nguyen, and Francesco Frontini. "Digitalization as a driver for supporting PV deployment and cost reduction." EPJ Photovoltaics 13 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2021013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digitalization is providing advantages to all sectors around the world and it can be of relevance also for the photovoltaic (PV) sector. As an example, the current value chain of the European PV sector is often characterized by analogue and fragmented processes that should be overcame to support greater PV deployment. The adoption of a more open and collaborative digital-based approach characterized by data-sharing among different stakeholders and more integrated information thread from the design till O&M can provide direct benefits in optimizing the PV process, increasing performances, and reducing of costs. Therefore, a novel PV Information Management (PIM) approach has been drawn within the European H2020 project “SuperPV”. In accordance with PIM objectives, a workflow for seamlessly transferring data along main PV work-stages has been developed, as well as new digital features to specifically address collaborative approach in the PV sector such as: (i) advanced functionalities introduced in the existing BIMSolar® software for improving the simultaneous design, performance simulation and cost assessment of medium and large PV systems, (ii) a proof-of-concept for aggregating all relevant information into a Digital Twin platform aimed at setting the ground for post-construction management and lifecycle assessment of the whole PV system.
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Laba, O., та Yu Romanyshyn. "ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ В ПРОЦЕСАХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ". State and Regions. Series: Social Communications, № 2(46) (13 серпня 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/cpu2219-8741/2021.2(46).17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the research is to build an information model of information resources of the institution for the vehicle drivers training, to analyze the effectiveness of the information resources use in the context of information support for driver training. </em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> To build an information model of information resources of the institution for the vehicle drivers training the following methods were used: analysis, description, generalization, classification, information modeling. </em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> The information resources used in the activities of the institution for the vehicle drivers training were analyzed. The information resources of the institution were divided into traditional and electronic, internal and external. Among the main information resources that form the information flows of the institution are the organizational and administrative documentation of the institution, the information automated system «Driving School» workstation, the institution’s website, page and groups on social networks, external electronic information resources of government bodies on legislative and regulatory information, website of the information automated system’s developer regarding technical support of the «Driving School» workstation. The construction of a figurative-symbolic information model in the form of a scheme containing a combination of graphic and textual elements was carried out. </em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> Building an information model of information resources of the institution for the drivers training helped to identify features and some gaps in the information support of the institution, the appropriate level of which serves to ensure transparency and openness of its activities in accordance with current laws, regulations and technologies.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance.</em></strong><em> The main types of information resources that have a decisive influence on the activities of the institution for the vehicle drivers training were identified. Analysis of the state of use of these information resources can be used in the process of conducting a regular information audit of the institution. </em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> information model, information resource, information modeling, automated information system, electronic document management. </em>
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WAŻNY, Mariusz, Krzysztof FALKOWSKI, Mirosław WRÓBLEWSKI, Konrad WOJTOWICZ, and Adam MARUT. "Conceptual Design of an Anti-collision System for Light Rail Vehicles." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7848.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the concepts for an anti-collision system intended for trams. The purpose of the anti-collision system is to develop and provide information to support the driver’s decision to initiate the braking of a tram. The anti-collision system is based on the processing of data from multiple sources (obstacle detection, image processing, and visual light communication system) and an expert system. The information about the road situation is visually presented on HUD (Head-up Display) of the driver.
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Yan, Lixin, Chaozhong Wu, Dunyao Zhu, Bin Ran, Yi He, Lingqiao Qin, and Haijian Li. "Driving Mode Decision Making for Intelligent Vehicles in Stressful Traffic Events." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2625, no. 1 (January 2017): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2625-02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of autonomous vehicles provides effective solutions and opportunities for reducing the probability of traffic accidents. However, because of technical limitations and economic and social challenges, achieving fully autonomous driving is a long-term endeavor. One principal research question is how to choose the suitable driving mode of an intelligent vehicle during stressful traffic events. For this purpose, an on-road experiment with 22 drivers was conducted in Wuhan, China; multisensor data were collected from the driver, the vehicle, the road, and the environment. Driving modes were classified into three categories on the basis of the driver’s self-reported records, and two physiological indexes that use the k-means cluster method were adopted to calibrate the self-reported driving modes. A feature-ranking algorithm based on the information gained was adopted to identify significant factors, and a driving mode decision-making model was established with the multiclass support vector machine algorithm. The results indicated that the SD of the front wheel angle, driver experience, vehicle speed, headway time, and acceleration had significant effects on the driving mode decision making. The driving mode decision-making model demonstrated a high predictive power with a prediction accuracy of 0.888 and area under the curve values of 0.918, 0.91, and 0.929 for the receiver operating characteristic curves. The conclusions provide theoretical support for decision making by the controller of a semiautomated vehicle.
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Kamide, Hiroko. "The Effect of Social Cohesion on Interest, Usefulness, and Ease of Use of a Driving Assistance System in Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 11412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the relationship between social cohesion and the perceived interest in, the usefulness of, and the ease of use of an instructor-based driver assistance system in a sample of older adults. With the aging of the population, the use of technologies to support the driving skills of the elderly is expected, and it is necessary to clarify the conditions under which the elderly will be interested in these advanced technologies. Traditionally, social cohesion has been focused on as a function of instrumental and practical support in the lives of the elderly. Since social cohesion reflects the intention to help each other, it could be an opportunity to provide information on advanced driving skill techniques to older people who are becoming more difficult to drive. As an initial exploration, this study examined whether social cohesion was associated with the interest in, the usefulness of, and the ease of use of an instructor-based driver assistance system in 150 elderly people. The results showed that a greater social cohesion was significantly associated with these evaluations, and that a comprehension of the system also contributed. The possession of a license was significantly associated with interest in the program. These findings are an essential step toward the understanding of the roles of social cohesion and positive perception of advanced technology in older adults.