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Статті в журналах з теми "Drinking water utilities"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Uslu, Berk, and Sunil K. Sinha. "Subsurface Utility Engineering for Drinking Water and Wastewater Utilities." International Journal of Engineering Research 4, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijer/v4s11/1110.

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2

Clark, Robert M., Srinivas Panguluri, Trent D. Nelson, and Richard P. Wyman. "Protecting Drinking Water Utilities From Cyberthreats." Journal - American Water Works Association 109 (February 1, 2017): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2017.109.0021.

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3

Mehan, G. Tracy. "PFAS : The View From Drinking Water Utilities." Journal AWWA 113, no. 7 (September 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1762.

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4

Postel, Sandra L. "Aquatic Ecosystem Protection and Drinking Water Utilities." Journal - American Water Works Association 99, no. 2 (February 2007): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2007.tb07868.x.

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5

Burlingame, G. A., and E. D. Mackey. "Philadelphia obtains useful information from its customers about taste and odour quality." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 5 (March 1, 2007): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.187.

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Анотація:

Customers are sensitive to the flavour of water. Customers evaluate drinking water based on their expectations, on experiences with their usual drinking water and on experiences with alternative waters. The Philadelphia Water Department provides one example of success in developing a better understanding of customer perceptions and attitudes about tap water taste and odour. Philadelphia found that customers do communicate in ways that water utilities can understand. Water utilities can enhance that communication and collect useful data. In addition, water utilities can characterise their tap water flavour, track it for changes and correlate changes to customer complaints.

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6

Duarte-Vera, Alejandra Ester, Julien Vanhulst, and Eduardo Antonio Letelier-Araya. "Tensiones de la Gobernanza comunitaria de servicios sanitarios rurales en territorios periurbanos (Chile)." Revista Urbano 24, no. 44 (November 30, 2021): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2021.24.44.09.

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Unlike the private concession model applied in urban zones, rural water sanitation services in Chile are managed by rural drinking water (RDW) committees or cooperatives, under a community governance model. This article seeks to understand the tensions and conflicts faced by RDW community governance in the peri-urban territories of regional capitals, which are at the frontier of the private drinking water management model. Based on a political ecology and hybrid governance approach, this research proposes the hypothesis that, on facing urban expansion and water scarcity, the neoliberal institutional framework tends to favour drinking water market governance in peri-urban territories. With this aim, and through semi-structured interviews and participatory observation, focusing on three RDW cases located in the peri-urban zone of Talca, this study develops a critical discourse analysis of community managers and government regulators, identifying their perceptions and positions on current socio-ecological transformations, and community governance tensions. Consistent with the proposed hypothesis, from discourse analysis, it is possible to infer the potential risks of privatization, derived from the implementation of Law No. 20,998, which regulates rural water sanitation services.

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7

Faust, Anne-Kathrin, and Andrea Baranzini. "The economic performance of Swiss drinking water utilities." Journal of Productivity Analysis 41, no. 3 (April 17, 2013): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11123-013-0344-0.

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8

Smith, Emily, Michael Dziewatkoski, Tarrah Henrie, Chad Seidel, and Jeffrey Rosen. "Microplastics: What Drinking Water Utilities Need to Know." Journal - American Water Works Association 111, no. 11 (November 2019): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1393.

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9

Morley, Kevin, Robert Janke, Regan Murray, and Kim Fox. "Drinking Water Contamination Warning Systems: Water Utilities Driving Water Security Research." Journal - American Water Works Association 99, no. 6 (June 2007): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2007.tb07954.x.

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10

Stutsman, Chadd, Kelly Tzoumis, and Susan Bennett. "Evaluating the Competing Claims on the Role of Ownership Regime Models on International Drinking Water Coverage." Environment and Natural Resources Research 6, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n2p145.

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Анотація:

<p class="1Body">While progress has been made for providing drinking water through the completion of the Millennium Development Goals and other international programs, millions of people still do not have access to clean drinking water. This study examines how drinking water coverage is impacted using three regime ownership models. Using the framework of the privately-owned, publicly-owned, and decentralized regime models, the impacts of water production, non-revenue water, and unit operation cost are evaluated for drinking water coverage. A sample of 144 utilities across 33 countries were sampled using data from the International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities. Using ordinary least squares modeling, results indicate that predicting water coverage from water production, non-revenue water, and unit operational costs provided weak explanations of variation for both publicly-owned and decentralized regimes. None of the three regime models established a significant relationship between water coverage and all three independent variables. For publicly- and privately-owned water regimes, decreasing non-revenue water by plugging leaks and improving infrastructure can translate into higher rates of water coverage. For decentralized water regimes, higher levels of unit operational cost can increase water coverage. The regression analyses also showed that broad claims about regime ownership, efficiency, and improved water coverage should be suspect. None of the three regime models established a significant relationship between water coverage and all three independent variables. This suggests that the competing claims that privatized drinking water utilities as being more efficient or more able to provide water coverage as compared to other types of utilities in the literature is not supported when compared across countries.</p>

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11

Coulibaly, Housseini D., and Manuel J. Rodriguez. "Portrait of Drinking Water Quality in Small Quebec Municipal Utilities." Water Quality Research Journal 38, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.005.

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Abstract This study of small Quebec municipal drinking water utilities (i.e., those serving 10,000 or fewer people) focuses on a portrait of microbiological water quality (based on total and fecal coliform data) and distribution system management strategies. It also addresses relationships between some important water quality and operational parameters and management strategies, as well as total or fecal coliform occurrences. Along with descriptive analyses, statistical means tests (Student t-tests) were performed to identify significant differences between utilities with high coliform occurrence and utilities with low coliform occurrence according to chlorine dose, distribution system flushings, pipe age, main breakage, and some environmental factors. Even though many interesting trends have been noted, only a few resulted in statistically significant differences. For surface water utilities using chlorination alone, the mean difference of annual system flushings proved statistically significant. In addition, some agricultural land-use indicators within the municipal territory appeared significantly correlated with coliform occurrences.

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12

Schulte, J. G., and A. H. Vicory. "Development of communication networks and water quality early warning detection systems at drinking water utilities in the Ohio river valley basin." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 9 (November 1, 2005): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0327.

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Source water quality is of major concern to all drinking water utilities. The accidental introduction of contaminants to their source water is a constant threat to utilities withdrawing water from navigable or industrialized rivers. The events of 11 September, 2001 in the United States have heightened concern for drinking water utility security as their source water and finished water may be targets for terrorist acts. Efforts are underway in several parts of the United States to strengthen early warning capabilities. This paper will focus on those efforts in the Ohio River Valley Basin.

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13

Carvalho, Pedro, Isabel Pedro, and Rui Cunha Marques. "The most efficient clusters of Brazilian water companies." Water Policy 17, no. 5 (March 17, 2015): 902–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.148.

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Usually water utilities provide their services under natural monopoly, with few incentives to become efficient, therefore affecting customers in the form of expensive tariffs. Hence, it is extremely important to find out the sources of inefficiency. The present study aims to identify the most efficient water utility groups in Brazil. For this purpose, a robust non-parametric method was applied. The results show that the utilities that provide both drinking water and wastewater services, the local utilities, and the utilities with private participation are more efficient. Furthermore, this study proved that the utilities were more efficient before the regulatory framework had been implemented.

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14

McGuire, Michael J. "Off-flavor as the consumer's measure of drinking water safety." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0386.

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If consumers detect an off-flavor in their drinking water, they are likely to believe that it probably is not safe. Water utilities will be defeating their best efforts to provide safe drinking water if they only meet health-related regulations and do not provide water that is free of off-flavor problems. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current U.S. regulatory environment and discuss how these regulations can adversely impact the control of off-flavors in drinking water. Utilities should adopt a water quality goal that allows them to not only meet the minimums of the regulations, but also meet the customer's highest standards - water that is free of off-flavors.

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15

Tsoukalas, Dionysios S., and Stavroula Tsitsifli. "A Critical Evaluation of Water Safety Plans (WSPs) and HACCP Implementation in Water Utilities." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (August 2, 2018): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110600.

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The use of traditional risk management systems has proven to be insufficient to safeguard the safety of drinking water. Nowadays, it is preferable to apply preventive instead of corrective systems. Two of the most commonly used systems are the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) and the Water Safety Plans (WSPs). The major benefit of their implementation is the improvement of drinking water quality. Of course, the successful implementation of HACCP and WSPs in water utilities can be limited by a number of factors such as the lack of financial resources. However, the importance of implementation’s difficulties is minimal in relation to the benefits that may result from the application of HACCP and WSPs in water utilities.

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16

Grupper, Madeline A., Madeline E. Schreiber, and Michael G. Sorice. "How Perceptions of Trust, Risk, Tap Water Quality, and Salience Characterize Drinking Water Choices." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010049.

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Provision of safe drinking water by water utilities is challenged by disturbances to water quality that have become increasingly frequent due to global changes and anthropogenic impacts. Many water utilities are turning to adaptable and flexible strategies to allow for resilient management of drinking water supplies. The success of resilience-based management depends on, and is enabled by, positive relationships with the public. To understand how relationships between managers and communities spill over to in-home drinking water behavior, we examined the role of trust, risk perceptions, salience of drinking water, and water quality evaluations in the choice of in-home drinking water sources for a population in Roanoke Virginia. Using survey data, our study characterized patterns of in-home drinking water behavior and explored related perceptions to determine if residents’ perceptions of their water and the municipal water utility could be intuited from this behavior. We characterized drinking water behavior using a hierarchical cluster analysis and highlighted the importance of studying a range of drinking water patterns. Through analyses of variance, we found that people who drink more tap water have higher trust in their water managers, evaluate water quality more favorably, have lower risk perceptions, and pay less attention to changes in their tap water. Utility managers may gauge information about aspects of their relationships with communities by examining drinking water behavior, which can be used to inform their future interactions with the public, with the goal of increasing resilience and adaptability to external water supply threats.

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17

Merkel, W., N. Staben, J. Bräcker, P. Levai, M. Neskovic, D. Petry, and M. Weiss. "Structural conditions in German water supply." Water Supply 11, no. 5 (December 1, 2011): 596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.107.

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Against the background of price controls for drinking water supply utilities in Germany, the comparability of utilities with regard to their specific structural conditions comes into focus. Relevant structural conditions were identified for the two main technical processes, namely water production (WP) and treatment, storage and distribution (TSD). A defined clustering process for comparable utilities has been developed. At the end of the process, groups of comparable utilities are obtained including information to what extent and in which structural condition these utilities are similar. These sets of relevant structural conditions and the clustering process were verified in a data assessment study with 45 German utilities. Applying the clustering process to the sample, WP and TSD peer groups of a certain utility are obtained, where structural similarities are above a certain threshold value. Performance and cost indicators of comparable utilities have been evaluated, providing interesting data on general performance levels and spread among individual utilities. The survey underlines the high standard of German water supply in terms of reliability, quality, customer service, sustainability and economic efficiency.

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18

Davison, A. D., E. L. Pryor, G. Howar, and D. A. Deere. "Duly diligent utilities." Water Supply 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2005): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0028.

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Increasingly, utilities need to think of their operations as businesses and as such, they are not only in the business of providing raw and drinking water, sewage services and stormwater services, they also need to acquit those operations in a manner consistent and compliant with the jurisdiction in which they operate. In this paper, we discuss the legal frameworks with which utilities should be familiar and show how having comprehensive and defensible risk management systems in place can demonstrate that a utility is conducting its business in a duly diligent fashion.

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19

Gunnarsdóttir, M. J., S. M. Gardarsson, and J. Bartram. "Icelandic experience with water safety plans." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.801.

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Анотація:

The aim of this study was to investigate accumulated experience with water safety plans in one of the first countries to adopt systematic preventive management for drinking-water safety. Water utilities in Iceland have had a legal obligation since 1995 to implement a systematic preventive approach to secure safety of drinking water and protect public health. The water utilities responded by implementing either an adapted HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) model for larger water utilities or a simpler five step model for smaller water utilities. The research was carried out at 16 water utilities that serve about two-thirds of the population of Iceland. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used with the aim of analysing if and what benefits water safety plans bring for water utilities and what is needed for successful implementation and operation of such systems. The results of the study show that numerous benefits and even the process of going through the implementing process were considered to be of advantage and change the attitude of the staff and the utility culture. Some obstacles and shortcomings came to light, such as lack of documentation and lack of regular internal and external audit. There was little communication with the public, although some mentioned that good public relations are important to succeed with water safety plans. Many important elements of success were revealed of which intensive training of staff and participation of staff in the whole process are deemed the most important. It is also important to have simple and well-structured guidelines, and good cooperation with the health authorities.

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20

Tomboulian, P., L. Schweitzer, K. Mullin, J. Wilson, and D. Khiari. "Materials used in drinking water distribution systems: contribution to taste-and-odor." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 9 (May 1, 2004): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0575.

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In order to assist drinking water utilities with identifying the possible sources and causes of taste-and-odor conditions associated with materials used in distribution systems, we evaluated information from case studies and a database from the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF), International. This database identified chemicals that had leached from drinking water system components during testing of materials under ANSI/NSF Standard 61, which provides information to water utilities on potential taste-and-odor and health concerns from the use of new materials. The data were arranged to provide a process for locating the potential source of a taste-and-odor event. After a sensory analysis is conducted on the drinking water samples, the descriptor can be matched with categories on the "Drinking Water Taste and Odor Wheel 2000" in order to suggest the candidate material.

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21

Mol, S. S. M., J. M. Kornman, A. J. Kerpershoek, and A. W. C. van der Helm. "Opportunities for public water utilities in the market of energy from water." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 12 (June 1, 2011): 2909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.493.

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An inventory is made of the possibilities to recover sustainable energy from the water cycle by identifying different water flows in a municipal environment as a sustainable energy source. It is discussed what role public water utilities should play in the market of energy from water. This is done for Waternet, the public water utility of Amsterdam, by describing experiences on two practical applications for aquifer thermal energy storage and energy recovery from drinking water. The main conclusion is that public water utilities can substantially contribute to the production of sustainable energy, especially by making use of heat and cold from the water cycle. Public water utilities have the opportunity to both regulate and enter the market for energy from water.

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22

Mehan, G. Tracy, and Adam T. Carpenter. "Bringing Agriculture and Drinking Water Utilities Together for Source Water Protection." Journal - American Water Works Association 111, no. 8 (August 2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1340.

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23

Cheryl Hogue. "1,4-Dioxane, another forever chemical, plagues drinking-water utilities." C&EN Global Enterprise 98, no. 43 (November 9, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09843-feature1.

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24

Adams, Jeffrey Q., Robert M. Clark, Benjamin W. Lykins, Jack DeMarco, and David Kittredge. "GAC Treatment Cost Experience at Two Drinking Water Utilities." Journal of Environmental Engineering 114, no. 4 (August 1988): 944–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1988)114:4(944).

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25

Edwards, Marc, and Paolo Scardina. "Addressing problems with gas supersaturation at drinking water utilities." Journal - American Water Works Association 99, no. 5 (May 2007): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2007.tb07934.x.

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26

Hayashi, N., H. Yokota, H. Furumai, and M. Fujiwara. "Evaluation of source water quality for selection of drinking water purification system." Water Supply 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.071.

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When renewing water purification facilities, it is important to select a suitable purification system that can accommodate the quality of the respective source water. The Japan Water Research Center has been collecting a large amount of water quality data from drinking-water utilities across Japan, categorising and analysing these data, and evaluating the suitability of water purification processes. Multivariate analyses such as hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to investigate the relationships between the quality of source water used for water supply and various factors that affect the purification process. Based on these results, water sources throughout Japan were clearly categorised into four groups, and suitable water purification systems were identified for the different water quality groups. The results can serve as an important reference for water utilities during future facility renewal projects.

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27

Gangl, G., D. Fuchs-Hanusch, E. Stadlober, and P. Kauch. "Analysis of the failure behaviour of drinking water pipelines." Water Supply 7, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2007): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.102.

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According to national standards, water utilities have to guarantee the supply of water to their consumers in appropriate quality, quantity and pressure. Therefore, foresighted rehabilitation planning is necessary. In some cases the buried water supply system is more than 100 years old but still in use. The aging process of the material derived from failures can be noticed by the water utilities in the daily operation, where several factors influence the lifetime expectancy. It is nearly impossible to predict the first failure, but if a failure occurs caused by aging processes, the following failure can be described statistically. The decisions whether a pipe-section should stay in use and be repaired locally or be replaced can be supported by statistical analyses.

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28

Ryan, Donald R., Patrick J. McNamara, and Brooke K. Mayer. "Iron-electrocoagulation as a disinfection byproduct control strategy for drinking water treatment." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, no. 4 (2020): 1116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ew00106f.

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29

van den Berg, Harold, Bettina Rickert, Seada Ibrahim, Kasa Bekure, Hailu Gichile, Seble Girma, Altaseb Azezew, et al. "Linking water quality monitoring and climate-resilient water safety planning in two urban drinking water utilities in Ethiopia." Journal of Water and Health 17, no. 6 (October 31, 2019): 989–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.059.

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Abstract Unsafe drinking water is a recognized health threat in Ethiopia, and climate change, rapid population growth, urbanization and agricultural practices put intense pressure on availability and quality of water. Climate change-related health problems due to floods and waterborne diseases are increasing. With increasing insight into impacts of climate change and urbanization on water availability and quality and of required adaptations, a shift towards climate-resilient water safety planning was introduced into an Ethiopian strategy and guidance document to guarantee safe drinking water. Climate-resilient water safety planning was implemented in the urban water supplies of Addis Ababa and Adama, providing drinking water to 5 million and 500,000 people, respectively. Based on the risks identified with climate-resilient water safety planning, water quality monitoring can be optimized by prioritizing parameters and events which pose a higher risk for contaminating the drinking water. Water quality monitoring was improved at both drinking water utilities and at the Public Health Institute to provide relevant data used as input for climate-resilient water safety planning. By continuously linking water quality monitoring and climate-resilient water safety planning, utilization of information was optimized, and both approaches benefit from linking these activities.

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30

Nagpal, Tanvi, Matthew Eldridge, and Ammar A. Malik. "Global water access fund: a new idea to bridge operations and maintenance shortfalls for the poorest water utilities." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 4 (September 16, 2019): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.248.

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Abstract Reaching the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation access will require significant investments. For some utilities, the private sector or blended public–private investments offer opportunities to expand and improve services, but this is not an option for many utilities serving the poorest households. These utilities are often unable to cover their current operations and maintenance costs and have limited capacity to increase tariffs in order to do so. Yet supporting these utilities is crucial to expanding access to safe drinking water for the majority of citizens. We argue that a new solution is needed to provide utilities serving the poorest with sufficient subsidies to cover their operational costs, stabilize service, and make performance improvements to advance towards sustainable operation. This article presents a potential solution which blends funding from global philanthropy, solidarity levies, and local matching funds. Such a fund, if structured to reflect the principles of results-based funding, transparency, sustainability, and performance improvement, can make a meaningful impact on water access.

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31

Banovec, P., and P. Domadenik. "Paying too much or too little? Pricing approaches in the case of cross-border water supply." Water Supply 18, no. 2 (July 6, 2017): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.126.

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Abstract Cross-border drinking water supply is often a solution for the emerging water crisis, related also to climate changes, but in several cases also a historical legacy of changing borders. It is challenged by the increased complexity of water supply management, mainly because of the doubled reality of administrative, legal, accounting and decision-making processes. Analyzed water pricing of existing cross-border utilities clearly demonstrates applied water pricing approaches mainly based on pure negotiation principles demonstrating different and often heavily asymmetric bargaining positions of partners. In order to overcome this situation applicable water pricing principles are presented. The model is demonstrated on real business cases of three water utilities from Central and South East Europe, but similar concepts are applicable for drinking water transfer between regions or municipalities in other countries.

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32

Zanfei, Ariele, Andrea Menapace, and Maurizio Righetti. "An artificial intelligence approach for managing water demand in water supply systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1136, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1136/1/012004.

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Abstract Water demand management is essential for water utilities, which have the critical task of supplying drinking water from water sources to end-users through the distribution network. Therefore, the water utilities have to make decisions for the current and future functioning of the water distribution system. In this context, the artificial intelligence approach with data-driven methods can be used to develop powerful tools to improve overall water management. In fact, data-driven methods can model water demands for plenty of tasks and applications such as demand forecasting or anomaly detection. In this work, we propose and discuss a practical application of an artificial neural network to model the urban water demand of a water supply system. The flexibility of the proposed method allows the prediction of water demand on different horizons. Moreover, this developed model can effectively support water utilities on different operational schedules and decision tasks.

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33

Amjad, Urooj Quezon, Fernanda Dalcanale, Georgia Kayser, Peggy Bentley, and Jamie Bartram. "Evidence-based decision-making on water quality in domestic water supply in Malawi, Ecuador, and Brazil." Water Policy 20, no. 3 (November 23, 2017): 530–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.184.

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Abstract Scholars and practitioners advocate evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) because facts lead to beneficial outcomes. At the same time, EBDM to reduce risks in water quality is under-studied. We examine types of decision-making by water utilities and government agencies, and the nature and origin of evidence available to them in their work on delivering safe drinking water to households. Using qualitative content analysis, we comparatively analyze water utilities and government agencies in Malawi, Ecuador, and Brazil. The results show that the water utilities perform combinations of decision-making types on water quality such as implementation, intelligence-gathering, and evaluation and choice, while government agencies perform more intelligence gathering. Sources and types of information are mainly water consumers, guidelines for water quality standards, and self-monitoring from water utilities. The analysis is useful in establishing a foundation for developing evidence-based management within water supply services, and potentially other water resources management activities.

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34

Blette, Veronica. "Drinking water public right-to-know requirements in the United States." Journal of Water and Health 6, S1 (March 1, 2008): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.031.

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency implements a national drinking-water program under the authority of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act. Amendments to the Act in 1996 added new provisions to enhance consumer understanding of drinking-water issues. Notification requirements associated with annual consumer confidence reports, source water assessments and state compliance reports are intended to enhance the public's knowledge of the quality of their drinking water. Water utilities are also subject to public notification requirements to provide more timely information to consumers in response to violations of health standards. These right-to-know requirements are intended to build the public's confidence, but communicating with consumers can be challenging for both utility managers and government leaders. This paper discusses the need for timely communication, the challenge of providing information when there is uncertainty in the science and the importance of preparing to respond to critical incidents. Because surveys have shown that other members of the community may have better access to consumers or are more trusted, it is important for water utilities to establish relationships with the media and the local public health community.

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35

Raseman, William J., Joseph R. Kasprzyk, Fernando L. Rosario-Ortiz, Jenna R. Stewart, and Ben Livneh. "Emerging investigators series: a critical review of decision support systems for water treatment: making the case for incorporating climate change and climate extremes." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 3, no. 1 (2017): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ew00121a.

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36

Cherchi, Carla, Mohammad Badruzzaman, Joan Oppenheimer, Matthew Gordon, Simon Bunn, and Joseph G. Jacangelo. "Optimization of Energy and Water Quality Management Systems for Drinking Water Utilities." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819558875.

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37

Baxter, C. W., Q. Zhang, S. J. Stanley, R. Shariff, R. RT Tupas, and H. L. Stark. "Drinking water quality and treatment: the use of artificial neural networks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, S1 (January 1, 2001): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-053.

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To improve drinking water quality while reducing operating costs, many drinking water utilities are investing in advanced process control and automation technologies. The use of artificial intelligence technologies, specifically artificial neural networks, is increasing in the drinking water treatment industry as they allow for the development of robust nonlinear models of complex unit processes. This paper highlights the utility of artificial neural networks in water quality modelling as well as drinking water treatment process modelling and control through the presentation of several case studies at two large-scale water treatment plants in Edmonton, Alberta.Key words: artificial neural networks, water treatment process control, water treatment modelling.

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38

Goldbloom-Helzner, David, Brian Pickard, Dawn Ison, Lauren Wisniewski, Nushat Thomas, Mikko McFeely, and Christian Kamrath. "Resilience and Emergency Response for Drinking Water and Wastewater Utilities." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2016, no. 8 (January 1, 2016): 2048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864716819713970.

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39

Ananda, Jayanath. "Explaining the environmental efficiency of drinking water and wastewater utilities." Sustainable Production and Consumption 17 (January 2019): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2018.10.002.

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40

Coulibaly, Housseini D., and Manuel J. Rodriguez. "Development of performance indicators for small Quebec drinking water utilities." Journal of Environmental Management 73, no. 3 (November 2004): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.07.003.

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41

Shakya, Aryatara, Matthew Dodson, Janick F. Artiola, Monica Ramirez-Andreotta, Robert A. Root, Xinxin Ding, Jon Chorover, and Raina M. Maier. "Arsenic in Drinking Water and Diabetes." Water 15, no. 9 (May 2, 2023): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15091751.

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Arsenic is ubiquitous in soil and water environments and is consistently at the top of the Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry (ATSDR) substance priority list. It has been shown to induce toxicity even at low levels of exposure. One of the major routes of exposure to arsenic is through drinking water. This review presents current information related to the distribution of arsenic in the environment, the resultant impacts on human health, especially related to diabetes, which is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, regulation of arsenic in drinking water, and approaches for treatment of arsenic in drinking water for both public utilities and private wells. Taken together, this information points out the existing challenges to understanding both the complex health impacts of arsenic and to implementing the treatment strategies needed to effectively reduce arsenic exposure at different scales.

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42

Sim, Heather P., Donald H. Burn, and Bryan A. Tolson. "Probabilistic design of a riverine early warning source water monitoring systemA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 6 (June 2009): 1095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-041.

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Source water protection involves safeguarding water supplies from contamination and depletion. Despite best efforts, spills cannot always be prevented from entering a source water body. However, many spills can be prevented from entering a drinking water treatment plant if an early warning source water monitoring station is used. These stations provide downstream water utilities with advanced notification of spills so the utilities have time to implement their responses. This paper addresses the design of an early warning monitoring station for a riverine source of drinking water. Riverine water supplies face many threats related to accidental spills, which are inherently uncertain in nature. Therefore, designing a monitoring station for the detection of these events requires a probabilistic modelling approach. The design objectives include maximizing the probabilities of detection and of having a threshold amount of warning time. The methodology is applied to a water supply intake on the Grand River in southern Ontario.

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43

Pariy, Aleksander V., and Aleksander V. Lysov. "Creating a national benchmarking system for the utilities of water supply and wastewater sector in Russia." Water Supply 14, no. 3 (December 4, 2013): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.220.

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Despite the vast resources of drinking water, Russia today is facing some serious problems in the water supply industry. The authors believe that creating a nation-wide benchmarking for Russia's water industry will play an important role in the development process for efficiently functioning water utilities. The main objective is to make improvements in quality of the services provided to the population and to rationalize the management methods by using the best practices and existing technologies as well as conducting a comprehensive integrated assessment of the general situation in the sector and at separate utilities. The article describes the steps taken by the management of Lipetsk Municipal Energy Company to organize benchmarking in the housing and communal utilities sector, mostly in water supply and wastewater services.

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44

Jardine, Cynthia G., Nancy Gibson, and Steve E. Hrudey. "Detection of Odour and Health Risk Perception of Drinking Water." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 6 (September 1, 1999): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0270.

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A substantial proportion of drinking water consumers have resorted to alternatives to their municipal water supply as their source of drinking water. Although health risk perceptions associated with drinking water are ranked low in comparison with other risks, they are subject to influence from the media as a primary information source. Although there may not be a strong connection between odour detection and health risk, consumers who make such a connection cannot be dismissed as irrational. There are substantial grounds to support the possibility that unfamiliar drinking water odours might reveal the presence of substances which pose a potential health risk. Failure to provide credible evidence as to the actual causes of odours will leave water utilities in an indefensible position on associated health risk.

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45

Scheurer, Marco, Anna Sandholzer, Tobias Schnabel, Stephanie Schneider-Werres, Mario Schaffer, Hilmar Börnick, and Silvio Beier. "Persistent and mobile organic chemicals in water resources: occurrence and removal options for water utilities." Water Supply 22, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 1575–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.336.

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Abstract Persistent and mobile (PM) substances are being recognized as serious threats to water resources and drinking water suppliers have to use advanced treatment if raw waters are contaminated with such compounds. In this study, analytical methods for 25 micropollutants for which insufficient or no data on their occurrence in surface waters and on their behavior during drinking water treatment were available, were developed. More than 120 surface water samples were analyzed and laboratory tests were performed to evaluate the compounds' behavior during aerobic bank filtration (BF), activated carbon treatment, and ozonation. Ensulizole, 1,3-diphenylguanidine and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid revealed the highest detection frequencies in the Rhine river. Concentration level and detection frequency correlated positively with the wastewater fraction. However, street run-off is likely an additional discharge pathway for 1,3-diphenylguanidine. In simulated BF, seven (six) substances could be classified as persistent (very persistent). By applying powdered activated carbon, 42% of the substances were well removed as was the case for 50% of the compounds when applying 0.2 mg/L O3. In total, eight of the substances detected in surface waters were weakly removed by at least one of the investigated removal processes and may cause problems for drinking water suppliers.

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46

Trolio, R., A. Bath, C. Gordon, R. Walker, and A. Wyber. "Operational management of Naegleria spp. in drinking water supplies in Western Australia." Water Supply 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.063.

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Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeboflagellate inhabiting soil and water that can cause Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare and sometimes fatal disease. In Australia, the amoeba typically inhabits drinking water supplies that have consistent water temperatures above 20°C. The incidence of PAM is widespread in Australia, with reports from South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales and Queensland. One of the key issues for water utilities is the potential widespread distribution of N. fowleri and its ability to infect and re-infect drinking water supplies. In Western Australia, the majority of drinking water supplies are operated by the Water Corporation. This paper describes the conditions under which Naegleria spp. have been detected and describes the operational methods employed by the Water Corporation to control and mitigate Naegleria in public drinking water supplies.

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47

Tsitsifli, Stavroula, Anastasia Papadopoulou, Vasilis Kanakoudis, and Konstantinos Gonelas. "Water Use Efficiency Current Status Assessment in the Context of WATenERgy CYCLE Project." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (July 31, 2018): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110602.

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Water use efficiency is a crucial issue in drinking water utilities as it is connected to environmental and economic consequences. WATenERgy CYCLE project aims at developing a methodological approach towards efficient and effective transnational water and energy resources management in the Balkan–Mediterranean area. The paper presents the results of performance evaluation of the water supply systems of the water utilities involved in the project, both at local and national level. The methodology used in the water balance and performance indicators as well as data on the operational status of the water supply systems. The results showed that Non-Revenue Water is one of the major problems addressed.

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48

Beuken, R., J. Eijkman, D. Savic, A. Hummelen, and M. Blokker. "Twenty years of asset management research for Dutch drinking water utilities." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (August 21, 2020): 2941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.179.

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Abstract This paper gives an overview of the asset management landscape on drinking water in the Netherlands and twenty years of research on this topic executed by KWR in close collaboration with water companies. A description is given of research questions and the international developments in the field of asset management. This is followed by the developments on asset management at the Dutch water company Evides. Twenty years of asset management research at KWR is presented in five phases, showing a transition from the question of how can the concepts of asset management help to better plan the replacement of distribution networks, towards integrated decision making on the asset system as a whole. A focal point for research could be how research can contribute to creating value for water companies. More formal information and improved modelling will continue to play a central role; however, attention is required for making use of expert knowledge, scenario building, data quality and the integration of information of technical, financial and societal origin.

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49

Moore, L. F., and S. B. Watson. "The Ontario Water Works Consortium: a functional model of source water management and understanding." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 5 (March 1, 2007): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.179.

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With an historical onus on reactive water treatment in North America, most taste and odour (T&O) outbreaks and other water quality issues have been unanticipated and difficult to control. Recent severe outbreaks of these drinking water issues have prompted wider advocacy of a more proactive “source-to-tap” approach, with greater focus on multidisciplinary partnerships among utilities, scientists and management/policy-makers. However, the practical application of this management model is faced with fragmented drainage basins, waterbodies and jurisdictions, and often requires a common issue such as T&O to initiate its development. This paper presents an example of a successful cooperative approach to drinking water management, the Ontario Water Works Research Consortium (OWWRC), consisting of the six major water utilities drawing water from Western Lake Ontario, scientists from the Canadian and Ontario governments and universities, and several other agencies. Established in 1999 following severe T&O outbreaks, the OWWRC has since operated as a highly effective model, employing a science-based approach to T&O management, supporting research on source-water and treatment issues, public outreach and utility surveys. The paper describes this partnership and summarises the results of an OWWRC T&O survey as one of the significant steps towards source-water characterisation undertaken by this cooperative.

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50

Rathor, Ankur, and Sunil Sinha. "Web-based benchmarking of drinking water utilities in the United States." Journal - American Water Works Association 105, no. 9 (September 2013): E540—E552. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0110.

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