Статті в журналах: "Drilling induced damage"

1

Díaz-Álvarez, Antonio, Ángel Rubio-López, Carlos Santiuste, and María Henar Miguélez. "Experimental analysis of drilling induced damage in biocomposites." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 22 (August 13, 2017): 2544–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517725118.

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This paper focuses on the analysis of drilling induced damage on biocomposites (woven fibers of cotton, flax and jute combined with polylactic acid, PLA, as the matrix). The main contribution of this work is the analysis of the influence of cutting parameters and drill geometry on fully biodegradable composites based on two different types of PLA and different fibers types. The damaged area was studied both at the hole entry and exit. Contrary to the behavior commonly observed when drilling conventional composites, delamination was negligible. The hole entry and exit damage were analyzed and quantified in terms of the fraying extension being the dominant. The damage extension was found to be dependent on the matrix, fiber type and drill geometry. The combination between cotton fiber and the small drill point angle showed the lowest level of damage. On the other hand, composite reinforced with flax fibers (those that exhibited the highest tensile strength) presented the greatest damage extension, increasing with the number of layers of the composite. The matrix based on polymer 10361D PLA, recommended for natural fibers because of the better interface cohesion, resulted in reduced fraying. Concerning the influence of cutting parameters, damage decreased when increasing the cutting speed and feed rate.

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2

Xu, Jinyang, Qinglong An, and Ming Chen. "An experimental investigation on cutting-induced damage when drilling high-strength T800S/250F carbon fiber–reinforced polymer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 11 (December 19, 2015): 1931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415619348.

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In modern manufacturing sectors, mechanical drilling of high-strength carbon fiber–reinforced polymer represents the most challenging task as compared to conventional low-strength carbon fiber–reinforced polymer drilling due to the extremely superior mechanical/physical properties involved. The poor machinability of the composite usually results in serious geometric imperfection and physical damage in drilling and hence leads to a large amount of part rejections. In this article, an experimental investigation concerning the cutting-induced damage when drilling high-strength carbon fiber–reinforced polymer laminates was presented. The studied composite specimen was a newly developed high-strength T800S/250F carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composite. A special concentration was made to inspect and characterize the phenomena of various cutting-induced damage promoted in the material drilling. The work focused on the study of the influence of cutting parameters on the distribution and extent of hole damage formation. The experimental results highlighted the most influential factor of feed rate and tool wear in affecting the final extent of induced hole damage when drilling high-strength T800S/250F carbon fiber–reinforced polymer. For minimizing the various damage formation, optimal cutting parameters (high spindle speed and low feed rate) and rigorous control of tool wear should be seriously taken when drilling this material.

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3

Liu, Xiuquan, Guoming Chen, Jingjie Fu, Jingqi Ji, Qiang Song, and Yuanjiang Chang. "Analysis on the Operation Fatigue of Deepwater Drilling Riser System." Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101609010279.

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Fatigue is one of main failure modes of deepwater drilling riser system. Analysis models of wave induced fatigue and vortex induced fatigue of deepwater drilling riser are established according to the riser connection, installation and hang-off operations. Characteristics of wave induced fatigue and vortex induced fatigue of riser system in different operation modes are studied. The influence of each operation fatigue on the combined fatigue is also identified. The results show that wave induced fatigue damage and vortex induced fatigue damage of upper riser are large in installation and hard hang-off modes. The fatigue damage of riser system in soft hang-off mode is less than that in hard hang-off mode. The combined fatigue damage of the upper and lower riser is large. The lower riser is under the influence of wave induced fatigue and vortex induced fatigue, while the upper riser is mainly under the influence of wave induced fatigue, especially that in installation and hang-off modes. The fatigue damages of riser in installation and hang-off modes have a great influence on the combined fatigue of riser and cannot be neglected in riser fatigue analysis.

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4

Ding, Yu, Gerard Renard, and Benjamin Herzhaft. "Quantification of Uncertainties for Drilling-Induced Formation Damage." SPE Production & Operations 23, no. 02 (May 1, 2008): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/100959-pa.

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5

Ding, Y., and G. Renard. "Evaluation of Horizontal Well Performance After Drilling-Induced Formation Damage." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 127, no. 3 (March 22, 2005): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1924463.

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It is well recognized that near-wellbore formation damage can dramatically reduce well productivities, especially for open hole completed horizontal wells. The economic impact of poor productivity of these wells has pushed toward significant efforts in recent years to study laboratory testing techniques and numerical modeling methods for predicting and controlling drilling-induced formation damage. This paper presents an integrated approach, combining a near-wellbore modeling with laboratory experiments for data acquisition as input for the model, to evaluate the performance of oil and gas wells after drilling-induced formation damage.

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6

Nicula, S., and A. Lyne. "NMR imaging studies on drilling fluid induced rock damage." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 19, no. 3-4 (April 2001): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0730-725x(01)00337-x.

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7

Díaz-Álvarez, A., M. Rodríguez-Millán, J. Díaz-Álvarez, and M. H. Miguélez. "Experimental analysis of drilling induced damage in aramid composites." Composite Structures 202 (October 2018): 1136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.05.068.

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8

Maddinelli, G., S. Cobianco, and A. Guarneri. "Characterization of drilling fluid-induced damage in sandstone cores." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 25, no. 4 (May 2007): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2007.01.069.

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9

Chen, Chen, Aixu Wang, Zhi Zheng, Qing Zhao, Zhanli Shi, and Yongjie Bao. "A Study on Drilling of CFRP/Ti Stacks: Temperature Field and Thermal Damage of the Interface Region." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 2586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072586.

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Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP)/titanium alloy (Ti) stacks have been widely used in aviation field due to the superior mechanical properties. During integrated drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks, serious damage occurs in the CFRP layer because of the disparate properties of two stack components. Heat accumulation and thermal induced damage are typical and critical issue during drilling stacks, especially in the interface region. In this study, in order to deeply analyze the thermal influence of the interface region, a numerical model based on the finite difference method is developed to predict the three-dimensional drilling temperature field. Experiments with accurate measurement point are conducted to valid the rational of temperature prediction model. The results confirm that the temperature distributions predicted by numerical study have good agreements with the experimental results and the maximum error is about 10.3%. Furtherly, based on the drilling experiments, it can be found that thermal damage induced by cutting heat occurs as discoloration rings around the hole which could cause the elastic modulus of resin matrix decrease. An empirical model of thermal damage with maximum drilling temperature of the interface region are developed with the correlation of R2 = 0.97. The findings point out that as the maximum drilling temperature exceeds 410 °C, serious thermal damage could occur in the resin matrix of CFRP layer.

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10

Bajpai, Pramendra Kumar, Kishore Debnath, and Inderdeep Singh. "Hole making in natural fiber-reinforced polylactic acid laminates." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 1 (August 5, 2016): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715575094.

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Natural fiber-reinforced composite materials are finding wide acceptability in various engineering applications. A substantial increase in the volume of production of these composites necessitates high-quality cost-effective manufacturing. Drilling of holes is an important machining operation required to ascertain the assembly operations of intricate composite products. In the present experimental investigation, natural fiber (sisal and Grewia optiva fiber)-reinforced polylactic acid-based green composite laminates were developed using hot compression through film stacking method. The drilling behavior of green composite laminates was evaluated in terms of drilling forces (thrust force and torque) and drilling-induced damage. The cutting speed, feed rate, and the drill geometry were taken as the input process parameters. It was concluded that all the three input process parameters affect the drilling behavior of green composite laminates. The drill geometry was established as an important input parameter that affects the drilling forces and subsequently the drilling-induced damage.

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11

Manzoor, Shahryar, Israr Ud Din, Khaled Giasin, Uğur Köklü, Kamran A. Khan, and Stéphane Panier. "Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Drilling-Induced Damage in S2/FM94 Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (GFRPs)." Materials 15, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 7052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207052.

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Considering that the machining of composites particularly fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) has remained a challenge associated with their heterogeneity and anisotropic nature, damage caused by drilling operations can be considerably mitigated by following optimum cutting parameters. In this work, we numerically evaluated the effects of cutting parameters, such as feed rate and spindle speed, on the thrust force and torque during the drilling of glass-fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs). A meso-scale, also known as unidirectional ply-level-based finite element modeling, was employed assuming an individual homogenized lamina with transversely isotropic material principal directions. To initiate the meso-scale damage in each lamina, 3D formulations of Hashin’s failure theory were used for fiber damage and Puck’s failure theory was implemented for matrix damage onset via user subroutine VUMAT in ABAQUS. The developed model accounted for the complex kinematics taking place at the drill–workpiece interface and accurately predicted the thrust force and torque profiles as compared with the experimental results. The thrust forces for various drilling parameters were predicted with a maximum of 10% error as compared with the experimental results. It was found that a combination of lower feed rates and higher spindle speeds reduced the thrust force, which in turn minimized the drilling-induced damage, thus providing useful guidelines for drilling operations with higher-quality products. Finally, the effect of coefficient of friction was also investigated. Accordingly, a higher coefficient of friction between the workpiece and drill-bit reduced the thrust force.

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12

Wang, Gong-Dong, and Melly S. Kirwa. "Comparisons of the use of twist, pilot-hole and step-drill on influence of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer drilling hole quality." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 11 (August 17, 2017): 1465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317726366.

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Understanding the drilling-induced damage to carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites remains the most active research being undertaken in the composite materials world of today. Despite the vast amounts of literature available, the relationship between drilling and damage to the composites has not been fully understood. In this research, a comparative study of different drilling methods including the use of a twist drill, the use of a pilot hole/pre-drilled hole and the use of a step drill on the influence of the hole quality has been accomplished. In order to achieve this comparison, thrust forces have been monitored during drilling experiments where four different feed rates and one spindle speed have been considered. A finite element model has also been included to study delamination damage on the laminates and validate the experimental results. Results show that thrust forces increase with increasing feed rates and that drilling by step drill is the most appropriate method as it records low forces hence minimal delamination damage.

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13

Phadnis, Vaibhav A., Farrukh Makhdum, Anish Roy, and Vadim V. Silberschmidt. "Drilling-Induced Damage in CFRP Laminates: Experimental and Numerical Analysis." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.150.

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The use of composite materials such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) has grown considerably in recent years, especially in aerospace, automotive, sports and construction industries. The properties such as high strength and stiffness, low weight, excellent fatigue and corrosion resistance have made them a useful material for light-weight applications. Though parts made from CFRP are often manufactured to a near-net shape, various machining processes such as drilling, can be used to facilitate assembly of structures. Drilling CFRPs involve penetrating through several plies of laminate, which causes high stresses and strains in the vicinity of the drilled hole. Thus, the machining process not only affects the overall hole quality but also initiates discrete damage phenomena such as micro-cracking, matrix burning; delamination and fiber pull out in the specimen. Moreover, the cutting edges of a drill wear dramatically out due to presence of highly abrasive fibers in the matrix, resulting in increased thrust forces that can cause interply delamination.

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14

Sacramento, Victor F. D., Rubens Sampaio, and Thiago G. Ritto. "Fatigue damage of a drilling tower induced by ocean waves." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 36, no. 2 (August 25, 2013): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40430-013-0077-z.

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15

Silva, Duarte, J. Pamies Teixeira, and Carla M. Machado. "Methodology analysis for evaluation of drilling-induced damage in composites." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 71, no. 9-12 (January 28, 2014): 1919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5616-y.

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16

Yang, Jing, Xing-Guo Yang, Jia-Wen Zhou, Yong Liu, Bao-Shun Dong, and Hai-Bo Li. "Comparative Study of the Excavation Damage and Rockburst of the Deeply Buried Jinping II Diversion Tunnels Using a TBM and the Drilling-Blasting Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 9, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8876214.

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The rock mass failure induced by high in-situ stresses during the excavation of deep diversion tunnels is one of the key problems in the construction of the Jinping II Hydropower Station. Based on the results of acoustic wave tests and rockburst statistical analysis conducted, this study focuses on the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) and rockburst events in the Jinping II diversion tunnels excavated using the tunnel boring machine (TBM) method and the drilling-blasting method. The unloading failure mechanism and the rockburst induced by the two different excavation methods were compared and analyzed. The results indicate that, due to the different stress adjustment processes, the degree of damage to the surrounding rock mass excavated using the drilling-blasting method was more serious than that using the TBM method. The EDZ induced by the TBM was usually distributed evenly along the edge of the excavation surface. While, the drilling-blasting method was more likely to cause stress concentration, resulting in a deeper EDZ in local areas. However, the TBM excavation method can cause other problems in high in-situ stress areas, such as strong rockbursts. The drilling-blasting method is more prone to structural controlled failure of the surrounding rock mass, while the TBM method would induce high stress concentration near the edge of excavation and more widely distributed of stress adjustment induced failure. As a result, the scale and frequency of the rockburst events generated by the TBM were significantly greater than those caused by the drilling-blasting method during the excavation of Jinping II diversion tunnels. The TBM method should be used carefully for tunnel excavation in high in-situ stress areas with burial depths of greater than 2000 m. If it is necessary to use the TBM method after a comprehensive selection, it is suggested that equipment adaptability improvement, advanced prediction, and prediction technology be used.

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17

Ameur, MF, A. Hadj Djilani, R. Zitoune, Krishnaraj V, J. Sheikh-Ahmad, L. Toubal, and H. Bougherara. "Experimental and numerical investigations of the damages induced while drilling flax/epoxy composite." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211055825.

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The influence of the drilling parameters and the stacking sequence of flax/epoxy composite laminate on the cutting force and the damage induced were studied experimentally and numerically. Drilling tests were carried out based on full experimental design and the delamination at the entry and exit of the hole were quantified using an optical microscopy. Moreover, the damages at the wall of the hole were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Based on the experimental results, it was observed that the drilling forces and the machining quality are influenced on the one side by the spindle speed and feed and on the other side by the stacking sequence composite plate. In fact, the cutting forces recorded when drilling a composite plate with [90/0/90/0]2s is 30% higher to the one recorded when drilling a composite made with quasi-isotropic stacking sequence. A numerical model was developed in ABAQUS/Explicit using Hashin’s failure criteria in order to predict the cutting forces and the defects induced by the interaction of the drill and composite as a function of the machining parameters. The developed model has been validated at the macro-scale (thrust force) and the meso-scale (delamination at the entry and exit of the hole).

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18

Sedaghatzadeh, Mostafa, Khalil Shahbazi, Mohammad Hossein Ghazanfari, and Ghasem Zargar. "The Impact of Nanoparticles Geometry and Particle Size on Formation Damage Induced by Drilling Nano-Fluid during Dynamic Filtration." Journal of Nano Research 43 (September 2016): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.43.81.

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In this paper, the impact of three parameters including nanoparticles geometry, particles aggregation and borehole inclination on induced formation damage from water based drilling fluids were investigated by means of experimental studies. Accordingly, we designed a dynamic filtration setup capable to rotate and change well inclination. nanobased drilling fluids consisting of spherical, cubical and tubular shapes nanoparticles as fluid loss additives were used. Mud cake quality, core permeability impairment and degree of formation damage at various well inclinations were examined. The cluster structure of aggregated particles were determined using fractal theory and applying dynamic light scattering technique. For this purpose, drilling fluids were circulated at different well inclinations and at a constant differential pressure against a synthetic core. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy images taken from mud cakes confirmed the proposed cluster structures of nanoparticles. The experimental results show that the mud cake quality and degree of damage are functions of produced structure of aggregated particles. Moreover, by increasing the well inclination, the skin factor increases. However, this trend is intensively depended on particle geometry. Real time analysis of pore throat size to particle size ratio during mud circulation shows the tendency of particles to create external/internal filter cake is mainly related to well inclination and particle shape. The results can be used to optimize the size and shape of selected macro/nanoparticles as additives in drilling fluids to reduce formation damage in directional and horizontal wells during drilling operation.

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19

Dhawan, Vikas, Sehijpal Singh, and Inderdeep Singh. "Predicting Drilling Forces and Delamination in GFRP Laminates using Fuzzy Logic." International Journal of Materials Forming and Machining Processes 1, no. 2 (July 2014): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmfmp.2014070103.

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Drilling of fiber reinforced plastics is necessary in order to assemble complex/intricate composite products. Drilling induced damage leads to high percentage of part rejection and reduced product efficiency and life. The thrust force and torque have been found to be the important factors influencing damage. In the present research endeavor, an attempt has been made to develop a fuzzy rule based model for predicting thrust force, torque and drilling induced delamination during drilling of glass fiber reinforced epoxy plastics (GFREP). The work piece material, drill geometry, drill diameter, feed and cutting speed have been considered as the five input parameters. Four types of solid carbide drills namely 8 facet, 4 facet, parabolic and jodrill of 4 mm and 8 mm size were used to make holes in UD-GFREP and { (0/90) /0]s GFREP laminates at three different levels of speed and feed. The results of the predictive model have been found to be in good agreement with experimental values.

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20

Quan, Yan Ming, and Lu Hua Sun. "Investigation on Drilling-Induced Delamination of CFRP with Infiltration Method." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.55.

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Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are typical difficult-to-cut materials because of their anisotropic mechanical properties and poor heat conductivity. Drilling is the most common process in the manufacturing of CFRP products in which delamination is the most potentially damaging defect. In the present work the delamination damage around drilled hole of multi-directional CFRP is analyzed by means of infiltration inspection method with gold chloride solution, and the effects of drill rotational rate and feed as well as drill geometry on delamination are investigated, the damage degrees in laminas near the hole entrance and the hole exit are compared. The experiment proves the infiltration method is applicable for the investigation. The results show that the nearer the distance to the hole entrance or exit, the larger the remains area of infiltration agent is; the remains mark near the hole exit is larger and more irregular than that near the hole entrance, and it has the largest length in the direction along fiber length; a chisel-free drill, a high drill rotation rate combining with a small feed brings on the decrease of delamination damage.

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21

Giasin, Khaled, and Sabino Ayvar-Soberanis. "Microstructural investigation of drilling induced damage in fibre metal laminates constituents." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 97 (June 2017): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.02.024.

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22

Abish, John, Pratik Samal, M. S. Narenther, C. Kannan, and A. S. S. Balan. "Assessment of drilling-induced damage in CFRP under chilled air environment." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 33, no. 12 (December 20, 2017): 1361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2017.1415452.

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23

Rakesh, P. K., I. Singh, and D. Kumar. "Flexural behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced plastic laminates with drilled hole." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 226, no. 2 (January 12, 2012): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420711430007.

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Drilling is one of the most commonly used process for hole making. Drilling of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) causes substantial damage around the drilled hole. Drilling-induced damage not only decreases the strength of the composite laminate with hole, but it also deteriorates the long-term performance of the PMC laminates under different loading conditions. In the present research investigation, the flexural behaviour of the glass fibre-reinforced plastic laminates with drilled hole was experimentally investigated under three-point loading conditions. The results of the experimental investigation were compared with those of the finite element model and were found to be in close agreement.

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Adebayo, Abdulrauf R., and Badr S. Bageri. "A simple NMR methodology for evaluating filter cake properties and drilling fluid-induced formation damage." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 1643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-019-00786-3.

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Abstract An efficient drilling fluid will form a filter cake that will minimize the drilling fluid invasion into any drilled formation. Drilling fluid must therefore be adequately evaluated in the laboratory prior to field trial. Filter cake properties such as thickness, porosity, permeability, and pore structure are frequently evaluated using several techniques such as CT scan, SEM, and XRF. However, each of these techniques can evaluate only one or two filter cake properties. This paper presents a simple but novel NMR technique to evaluate filter cake properties such as thickness, pore volume, porosity, and possibly permeability. Furthermore, the amount and particle size distribution of solids that invaded a given rock sample can be obtained using the same technique. The full procedure was tested and verified using four identical rock samples. Drilling fluid invasion and filter cake deposition experiments were conducted on each of the samples, using the same drilling fluid but four different concentrations of fluid loss additive. NMR T2 relaxation measurements were taken at three different stages of each rock sample: before filter cake deposition; after fluid invasion and filter cake deposition; and after filter cake removal. A material balance analysis of the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the measured T2 profile at the different stages of each sample yielded multiple filtration loss properties of the filter cake. The results obtained showed high accuracy of the NMR versus the current techniques. Moreover, this current method evaluated the majority of the filter cake properties at the same time and in situ hence eliminated the need of using multi-procedures that disturb the sample state. Finally, the presented method can also be used to evaluate secondary damage associated with filter cake removal process.

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Hoseiny, Masoud Askari, Reza Moghiseh-E, Amir Alinaghizadeh, Payam Soltani, and Vahid Majidi Hachesoo. "Experimental Investigation the Drill Bit Curve Radius & Chisel Point on Effect of Induced Damage in Drilling Woven GFRP." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.819.

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The purpose of this study was to find experimentally the effects of concave and convex major cutting edge (Helical & Recon point) and chisel point on the drilling composite. Due to composite materials are natural orthotropic, so gradually these materials are substituted by some metals such as steel that are used in manufacturing automobile and aerospace and other industris. Because of increasing composites utilization in industries, it is necessary to stabilize and set standards of machining parameters. Drilling is the main machining operation in producing process for assembled the composite work piece. So the quality of drilling hole should be considered to avoid snapping mechanical structure. Tool geometry is one of the most important factors in the drilling process. If it is neglected, the thrust forced increase, and it causes damage around the hole such as delamination, large entrance and exit burr, and induced cracks. The most damaging in drilling FRP is delamination of the composites lamina that occurs when drill bit is entered and exited. In the other hand, this study used ANSYS finite element software to determine the value of stress in composite plate and use to analyze for designing the jig & fixture in this drilling process. In conclusion, with comparing delamination, the best geometry tool introduced for the lowest amount of damage.

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She, Jiping, Hao Zhang, Ying Zhong, Yang Yuan, and Jiachun You. "Alkali Solution Erodes Shale: Influencing Factors and Structural Damage Characteristics." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (August 16, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3641627.

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High-pH drilling fluids are often used for drilling shale gas wells. Alkali erosion of shale is one of the important factors of wellbore instability. Alkali erosion experiments of different kinds of minerals and shale were conducted in this paper. Experimental results show that the corrosion rate of kaolinite is the highest when the pH is 9, the corrosion rate of smectite is the highest when the pH is 10 or 11, and the corrosion rate of the quartz is the highest when the pH is 12. Both shale particle size and concentration of hydroxide ion all affect the reaction rate, and the former has a negative correlation with the reaction rate, and the latter has a positive correlation with the reaction rate. In addition, alkaline erosion can lead to the fracture propagation along the bedding planes of shale, which can easily result in wellbore instability. This study may offer some theoretical basis for wellbore instability induced by high-pH drilling fluids.

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Saoudi, Jamel, Redouane Zitoune, Suhasini Gururaja, Mehdi Salem, and Salah Mezleni. "Analytical and experimental investigation of the delamination during drilling of composite structures with core drill made of diamond grits: X-ray tomography analysis." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 10 (August 10, 2017): 1281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317724591.

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Among the various forms of material damage, exit-ply delamination has been identified as one of the most deleterious damage processes associated with drilling fibre-reinforced plastics. The thrust force has been cited as the primary cause for drilling-induced exit-ply delamination. Only one analytical model for the prediction of the critical thrust force responsible for delamination using core drills can be found in the literature. In this study, a realistic model to predict critical thrust force responsible for drilling-induced exit-ply delamination in a multi-directional carbon fibre-reinforced plastic laminate with core drill has been proposed. A comparison between the proposed model, literature model as well as the experimental tests conducted during punching tests is presented. The proposed model is found to correlate well with experimental punching tests. In fact, the maximum relative errors recorded between the experimental values of the critical thrust force and the measured values are around 15%. Micro-tomography experiments have also been conducted that capture the drilling-induced damage in multi-directional carbon fibre-reinforced plastics in great detail. The X-ray images highlight the difficulty in controlling the thickness of the uncut plies located under the core drill during punching tests that can be attributed to some deviations in predictions of critical thrust force. Postmortem examination of the blind holes after punching tests also confirms the presence of a net delamination near the vicinity of the nominal diameter of the core drill, which correlates well to the hypothesis of the analytical model.

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Cao, Zhen Zhong, and Xiao Ming Yuan. "Liquefaction-Induced Damage of Banqiao School Following the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.633.

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Banqiao school building had to be demolished for rebuilding because of severe damage induced by liquefaction following the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake. The mechanism of the building damage and the characteristics of liquefied soils were investigated by trench, borehole drilling, and Dynamic Penetration Test. The detailed field investigation and in-situ tests show that: (1) The Banqiao school building suffered more severe damages than its surrounding buildings from the liquefaction rather than inertia force of shaking during the earthquake; (2) The subsurface liquefied soils are gravelly soils at the depth of 3.0 to 6.1m, which are significant different from the ejected fine sands; (3) It is unreasonable to regard gravels as non-liquefiable soils and a new procedure for gravels liquefaction evaluation need to be developed.

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Gomar, Mostafa, Iraj Goodarznia, and Seyed Reza Shadizadeh. "Coupled thermo-poroelastic analysis of drilling induced mechanical damage in fractured rocks." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 146 (October 2016): 601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.07.024.

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30

Gomar, Mostafa, Iraj Goodarznia, and Seyed Reza Shadizadeh. "Transient thermo-poroelastic analysis of drilling-induced mechanical damage in nonfractured rocks." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8, no. 12 (June 6, 2015): 10803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-1950-0.

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31

Geier, Norbert, Dániel István Poór, Csongor Pereszlai, and Péter Tamás-Bényei. "Drilling of recycled carbon fibre–reinforced polymer (rCFRP) composites: analysis of burrs and microstructure." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 120, no. 3-4 (February 13, 2022): 1677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-08847-4.

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AbstractSince governments encourage sustainability, industries are making great efforts to reuse or recycle carbon fibre–reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Despite the promising early results concerning the material properties of recycled CFRP, there is no published knowledge available about their machinability. In this study, drilling-induced micro and macro-sized geometrical defects were analysed and compared in virgin and recycled CFRP. A total of 180 drilling experiments were carried out using uncoated solid carbide cutting tools. Six different CFRP composites were tested at different feeds. The burr characteristics and microstructure were analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results suggest that the formation of drilling-induced burrs in CFRP reinforced by recycled chopped and nonwoven mats is less pronounced than in virgin CFRP. Micro- and macro-sized geometrical defects in both recycled and virgin milled CFRP were negligible. This study found no relevant objection to using recycled CFRP from the point of view of drilling-induced burrs and microstructure damage.

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32

Ezzat, Mohamed, Daniel Vogler, Martin O. Saar, and Benjamin M. Adams. "Simulating Plasma Formation in Pores under Short Electric Pulses for Plasma Pulse Geo Drilling (PPGD)." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164717.

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Plasma Pulse Geo Drilling (PPGD) is a contact-less drilling technique, where an electric discharge across a rock sample causes the rock to fracture. Experimental results have shown PPGD drilling operations are successful if certain electrode spacings, pulse voltages, and pulse rise times are given. However, the underlying physics of the electric breakdown within the rock, which cause damage in the process, are still poorly understood. This study presents a novel methodology to numerically study plasma generation for electric pulses between 200 and 500 kV in rock pores with a width between 10 and 100 μm. We further investigate whether the pressure increase, induced by the plasma generation, is sufficient to cause rock fracturing, which is indicative of the onset of drilling success. We find that rock fracturing occurs in simulations with a 100 μm pore size and an imposed pulse voltage of approximately 400 kV. Furthermore, pulses with voltages lower than 400 kV induce damage near the electrodes, which expands from pulse to pulse, and eventually, rock fracturing occurs. Additionally, we find that the likelihood for fracturing increases with increasing pore voltage drop, which increases with pore size, electric pulse voltage, and rock effective relative permittivity while being inversely proportional to the rock porosity and pulse rise time.

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33

Lee, Junhwa, Seunghoo Jeong, Young-Joo Lee, and Sung-Han Sim. "Stress Estimation Using Digital Image Correlation with Compensation of Camera Motion-Induced Error." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 5503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245503.

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Measurement of stress levels from an in-service structure can provide important and useful information regarding the current state of a structure. The stress relaxation method (SRM) is the most conventional and practical method, which has been widely accepted for measuring residual stresses in metallic materials. The SRM showed strong potential for stress estimation of civil engineering structures, when combined with digital image correlation (DIC). However, the SRM/DIC methods studied thus far have practical issues regarding camera vibration during hole drilling. To minimize the error induced by the camera motion, the imaging system is installed at a distance from the specimen resulting in the low pixel density and the large extent of the inflicted damage. This study proposes an SRM/DIC-based stress estimation method that allows the camera to be removed during hole drilling and relocated to take the after-drilling image. Since the imaging system can be placed as close to the specimen as possible, a high pixel density can be achieved such that subtle displacement perturbation introduced by a small damage can be acquired by DIC. This study provides a detailed mathematical formulation for removing the camera relocation-induced false displacement field in the DIC result. The proposed method is validated numerically and experimentally.

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34

Bu, Changgen, Long Sun, Yuanbiao Hu, and Bairu Xia. "RESEARCH ON FLEXIBLE DRILL STRING VIBRATION INDUCED BY SONIC HARMONIC EXCITATION." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 39, no. 2 (June 2015): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2015-0020.

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The undisturbed sampling of the overburden soil is attracting increased attention due to the rapid increases in the construction of large-scale domestic foundations and environmental protection engineering. To date, systematic theoretical research on sonic drilling technology has rarely been published. In the present paper, the vibration response induced by sonic harmonic excitation is studied by modeling the flexible drill string of a sonic drill; its dynamic theory and design methodology have been developed, which reveal effects of the excitation frequency, the structural parameters on vibration response of the drill string. The study of sonic drill string vibration is beneficial for improving the drilling efficiency and reducing the damage.

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35

Margabandu, Sathiyamoorthy, and Senthilkumar Subramaniam. "An experimental investigation of thrust force, delamination and surface roughness in drilling of jute/carbon hybrid composites." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 5 (July 6, 2020): 661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2020-0080.

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Purpose This paper aims to deal with the influence of cutting parameters on drill thrust force, delamination and surface roughness in the drilling of laminated jute/carbon hybrid composites. Design/methodology/approach The hybrid composites were fabricated with four layers of fabrics, which are arranged in different sequences using the hand-layup technique. Drilling experiments involved drilling of 6 mm diameter holes on the prepared composite plates using high-speed steel and solid carbide drill materials. Analysis of variance was used to find the influence, percentage contribution and significance of drilling parameters on drilling-induced damages. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was also conducted to understand the fracture behavior and surface morphology of the drilled holes. Findings The experimental study reveals that the most significant effect was the feed rate influenced the drill thrust force and the drill speed influenced both delamination factor and surface roughness of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. From observations, the suggested combination for drilling jute/carbon hybrid composites is carbide drill, spindle speed of 1,750 rpm and feed of 0.03 mm/rev. Originality/value The new lightweight and low-cost hybrid composites were developed by hybridizing jute with carbon fabrics in the epoxy matrix with interplay arrangements. The influence of cutting speed and feed rate on delamination damage and surface roughness in the drilling of hybrid composites have been experimentally evaluated.

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36

Yin, Pengfei, Shengqi Yang, Feng Gao, and Wenling Tian. "Experimental and DEM Simulation Study on the Mechanical Characteristic and Strain Energy Evolution of Longmaxi Shale under a Confining Pressure Unloading Path." Energies 16, no. 16 (August 12, 2023): 5960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16165960.

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Drilling vertical and horizontal wellbores in the shale reservoir may trigger the in-situ stress release around the wellbore walls and change the original stress equilibrium state, leading the wellbores to instability. This stress change in the wellbore corresponds to the stress paths of confining pressure unloading and axial stress loading under laboratory conditions. In this paper, according to the conventional triaxial compression test results, laboratory experiments and DEM simulations by PFC2D were conducted to deeply study the strength, failure, strain energy evolution, and micro-crack damage mechanism of shale specimens under confining pressure unloading conditions. The shale specimens at different bedding inclinations were tested under different initial axial stress levels and confining pressure unloading rates, with fixed initial unloading confining pressure. This research revealed that confining pressure unloading induces greater plastic deformation, more micro-crack damage and strain energy dissipation, and a more complex failure pattern. The strain energy dissipation and dilatation under confining pressure unloading conditions are mainly induced by the generation and accumulation of tensile cracks. Moreover, the unloading rate has a significant effect on the mechanical properties, and the high unloading rate enhances the failure strength and induces more strain energy dissipation and micro tensile cracks. For the wellbore drilling in shale formations, when the buried depth and vertical stress are fixed, the lower the lateral stress is, the easier it is to form tensile failure around the wellbore wall in the drilling process, and the more induced fractures will be generated in the formation around the wellbore.

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37

Wang, Gong-Dong, Stephen Kirwa Melly, and S. K. Kafi Ahmed. "Finite element study into the effects of fiber orientations and stacking sequence on drilling induced delamination in CFRP/Al stack." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 25, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2016-0161.

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Abstract This research work has been aimed at understanding the effects of different fiber orientations and different stacking sequences of composite laminates on their damage during drilling of CFRP/Al stack. Finite element code Abaqus/CAE has been used for the implementation and analysis of the numerical model. Surface-based cohesive behavior available in Abaqus/CAE contact pairs has been used to simulate delamination behavior in the adhesive interfaces. In order to use the Hashin damage criterion (for intra-laminar damage) available in the finite element code, continuum shell elements have been used for laminates. Three stacking sequences each with 24 layers including [0°]24, [0°/90°]12s, and [−45°/90°4/45°2/−45°]3s have been considered for this study. The display group manager available in Abaqus/CAE visualization module enabled the individual access of the damage in each layer. Two layers both at drill entry and at CFRP/Al interface were used to study peel-up and push-down delamination, respectively. Sequence [0°]24 was found to have the largest damaged in both entry and interfaces, while sequence [−45°/90°4/45°2/−45°]3s was found to show better resistance to delamination damage.

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38

Zhang, Yi, Xinglin Lei, Tsutomu Hashimoto, and Ziqiu Xue. "In situ hydromechanical responses during well drilling recorded by fiber-optic distributed strain sensing." Solid Earth 11, no. 6 (December 17, 2020): 2487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2487-2020.

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Abstract. Drilling fluid infiltration during well drilling may induce pore pressure and strain perturbations in neighbored reservoir formations. In this study, we report that such small strain changes (∼20 µε) have been in situ monitored using fiber-optic distributed strain sensing (DSS) in two observation wells with different distances (approximately 3 and 9 m) from the new drilled wellbore in a shallow water aquifer. The results show the layered pattern of the drilling-induced hydromechanical deformation. The pattern could be indicative of (1) fluid pressure diffusion through each zone with distinct permeabilities or (2) the heterogeneous formation damage caused by the mud filter cakes during the drilling. A coupled hydromechanical model is used to interpret the two possibilities. The DSS method could be deployed in similar applications such as geophysical well testing with fluid injection (or extraction) and in studying reservoir fluid flow behavior with hydromechanical responses. The DSS method would be useful for understanding reservoir pressure communication, determining the zones for fluid productions or injection (e.g., for CO2 storage), and optimizing reservoir management and utilization.

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39

V, Rishikesan, Bhagyesh Chaturvedi, and Arunachalam N. "Characterisation of drilling-induced damage in GFRP Honeycomb Sandwich Composites using Acoustic Emission." Procedia Manufacturing 53 (2021): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2021.06.066.

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40

Pop, Grigore Marian, Mihai Steopan, Glad Conțiu, and Adrian Popescu. "Some Researches Regarding the Surface Quality when Drilling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 808 (November 2015): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.808.155.

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In this paper, an attempt has been made to model the surface roughness through response surface method (RSM) and ANOVA when drilling CFRP composites. Drilling is the most common machining process applied to CFRP. However, the users of this kind of composites are facing difficulties to machining it, due to its properties. Because of the bad effects that lubricants have on the fiber-reinforced composites, the machining of these materials is performed without coolant. On the other hand dry machining offers the risk of a thermal damage induced by high process temperatures. The current experimental analysis is focused towards determining process temperatures with different tools and drilling parameters.

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41

Franz, Gérald, Pascal Vantomme, and Muhammad Hafiz Hassan. "A Review on Drilling of Multilayer Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites and Aluminum Stacks: Optimization of Strategies for Improving the Drilling Performance of Aerospace Assemblies." Fibers 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10090078.

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In recent years, the use of hybrid composite stacks, particularly CFRP/Al assemblies, and fiber metal laminates (FMLs) has progressively become a convincing alternative to fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) and conventional metal alloys to meet the requirements of structural weight reduction in the modern aerospace industry. These new structural materials, which combine greater mechanical properties with low specific mass, are commonly assembled by riveted and bolted joints. The drilling operation, which represents the essential hole-making process used in the aerospace industry, proves particularly challenging when it comes to achieving damage-free holes with tight tolerances for CFRP/Al stacks in one-shot operations under dry conditions due to the dissimilar mechanical and thermal behavior of each constituent. Rapid and severe tool wear, heat damage, oversized drilled holes and the formation of metal burrs are among the major issues induced by the drilling of multi-material stacks. This paper provides an in-depth review of recent advancements concerning the selection of optimized strategies for high-performance drilling of multi-material stacks by focusing on the significant conclusions of experimental investigations of the effects of drilling parameters and cutting tool characteristics on the drilling performance of aerospace assemblies with CFRP/Al stacks and FML materials. The feasibility of alternative drilling processes for improving the hole quality of hybrid composite stacks is also discussed.

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42

Veisi, Erfan, Mastaneh Hajipour, and Ebrahim Biniaz Delijani. "Experimental study on thermal, rheological and filtration control characteristics of drilling fluids: effect of nanoadditives." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 75 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2020033.

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Cooling the drill bit is one of the major functions of drilling fluids, especially in high temperature deep drilling operations. Designing stable drilling fluids with proper thermal properties is a great challenge. Identifying appropriate additives for the drilling fluid can mitigate drill-bit erosion or deformation caused by induced thermal stress. The unique advantages of nanoparticles may enhance thermal characteristics of drilling fluids. The impacts of nanoparticles on the specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, rheological, and filtration control characteristics of water‐based drilling fluids were experimentally investigated and compared in this study. Al2O3, CuO, and Cu nanoparticles were used to prepare the water-based drilling nanofluid samples with various concentrations, using the two-step method. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were utilized to study the nanoparticle samples. The nanofluids stability and particle size distribution were, furthermore, examined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The experimental results indicated that thermal and rheological characteristics are enhanced in the presence of nanoparticles. The best enhancement in drilling fluid heat capacity and thermal conductivity was obtained as 15.6% and 12%, respectively by adding 0.9 wt% Cu nanoparticles. Furthermore, significant improvement was observed in the rheological characteristics such as the apparent and plastic viscosities, yield point, and gel strength of the drilling nanofluids compared to the base drilling fluid. Addition of nanoparticles resulted in reduced fluid loss and formation damage. The permeability of filter cakes decreased with increasing the nanoparticles concentration, but no significant effect in filter cake thickness was observed. The results reveal that the application of nanoparticles may reduce drill-bit replacement costs by improving the thermal and drilling fluid rheological characteristics and decrease the formation damage due to mud filtrate invasion.

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Sanusi, H., M. S. Hussin, A. R. Yuzairi, L. H. Peng, and M. F. A. Ahmad. "Finite element analysis of drilling unidirectional CFRP in different ply orientation." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 7258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.3.2020.25.0570.

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In the new era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), the manufacturing processes are facing a new level of flexible mass production technologies. Hence, the high demands for simulations data of manufacturing production and operation are required for developing a Cyber-Physical Systems of smart machines. Some composite machining processes could be very expansive. Simulation is needed to reduce the manufacturing time and cost. Without considering the suitable parameter of drilling, damage occurs at the region over the hole’s boundary after the drilling operation is done. Thus, the goal of this research is to investigate the effects of drilling cutting parameter such as thrust force, drilling-induced damage and stress distribution of reinforcing carbon composite polymer (CFRP) laminate by developing a user-defined material model (VUMAT) subroutine in ABAQUS/EXPLICIT (ABAQUS, Dassault Systèmes®) for different fibre ply orientations. The failure mode such as fibre tensile failure, fibre compressive failure, matrix cracking and matrix crushing was modelled and analysed based on Hashin and Puck’s criterion. The stages of drilling operation were observed and described in this paper with the drilling cutting parameter and the damage of composite was finely defined. The results proved that the relationship of thrust force is directly proportional to the feed rate with the difference of computational model are 8 % higher than the experiment. Among the ply orientation sequence applied in the simulation, the result shows that [ / / ] and [ / / ] ply having higher thrust force with 401.84 N.mm and 390.53 N.mm at 500 mm/min feed rate as delamination extent, as the frequency of fiber pulls out at the exit region of the drilled hole increases as compared to the restricted fiber ply orientation 0˚ and 90˚.

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44

Feito, Norberto, Ana Muñoz-Sánchez, Antonio Díaz-Álvarez, and José Antonio Loya. "Analysis of the Machinability of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials in Function of Tool Wear and Cutting Parameters Using the Artificial Neural Network Approach." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 27, 2019): 2747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172747.

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Local delamination is the most undesirable damage associated with drilling carbon fiber reinforced composite materials (CFRPs). This defect reduces the structural integrity of the material, which affects the residual strength of the assembled components. A positive correlation between delamination extension and thrust force during the drilling process is reported in literature. The abrasive effect of the carbon fibers modifies the geometry of the fresh tool, which increases the thrust force and, in consequence, the induced damage in the workpiece. Using a control system based on an artificial neural network (ANN), an analysis of the influence of the tool wear in the thrust force during the drilling of CFRP laminate to reduce the damage is developed. The spindle speed, feed rate, and drill point angle are also included as input parameters of the study. The training and testing of the ANN model are carried out with experimental drilling tests using uncoated carbide helicoidal tools. The data were trained using error-back propagation-training algorithm (EBPTA). The use of the neural network rapidly provides results of the thrust force evolution in function of the tool wear and cutting parameters. The obtained results can be used by the industry as a guide to control the impact of the wear of the tool in the quality of the finished workpiece.

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45

FERNANDES, M. G., E. M. M. FONSECA, R. N. JORGE, M. VAZ, and M. I. DIAS. "THERMAL ANALYSIS IN DRILLING OF EX VIVO BOVINE BONES." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 17, no. 05 (July 12, 2017): 1750082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519417500828.

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Bone drilling is a common procedure in Medicine, mainly in traumatology and orthopedic procedure for fractures fixation and in reconstructive surgery. The success of this surgical procedure is dependent on many factors, namely, on heat generation control during the bone drilling. The main concern in bone drilling is the mechanical and thermal damage of the bone induced by inappropriate parameters such as drill speed and feed-rate during the drilling. This study focuses on the temperature generated during drilling of cortical bone tissue (bovine origin) and solid rigid polyurethane foams with similar mechanical properties to the human bone tissue. Different parameters such as drill speed, feed-rate and hole depth were tested. All results showed that improvement of the drilling parameters and the drill temperatures can be estimated. It was concluded that when the drill speed and feed-rate were higher, the bone temperature increase was lower. The obtained results of temperature in the drilling process of polyurethane foam blocks or bovine bone were compared with a good agreement in between both.

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46

Pal Singh, Amrinder, Manu Sharma, and Inderdeep Singh. "PID control of torque during drilling in GFRP laminates." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 10, no. 3 (October 7, 2014): 346–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-06-2013-0043.

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Purpose – Damage induced during drilling of polymer matrix composites depends upon torque during drilling. Modeling of torque with feed rate and its control becomes imminent for damage free drilling of composite laminates. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to construct a transfer function between drilling torque and feed rate based upon experiments. Thereafter, the torque is controlled by using PID controller. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents step-by-step procedure to capture complex drilling dynamics of polymer matrix composites in a mathematical model. A glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite laminate is drilled at constant feed rate during experimentation. The corresponding time response of torque is recorded. First order, second order and third order transfer functions between torque and feed rate are identified using system identification toolbox of Matlab®. These transfer functions are then converted into state-space models. Experimental verification is performed on GFRP composite laminate. PID controller is designed using Simulink® to track a given reference torque during drilling of polymer matrix composite. The controller is then validated using different reference torque trajectories. Findings – Good match is observed between torque response from state-space models and experiments. Error analysis based on integral absolute error and integral squared error on experimental and simulated response show that third-order system represents the complex drilling dynamics in a better way than first and second-order systems. PID controller effectively tracks given reference trajectories. Originality/value – Third-order model between torque and feed rate for drilling of composites not available in literature has been presented. PID controller has previously been applied successfully for drilling of conventional materials, this paper extends implementation of PID torque control for drilling of composites.

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47

Wang, Cheng-Dong, Kun-Xian Qiu, Ming Chen, and Xiao-Jiang Cai. "Machinability of drilling T700/LT-03A carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite laminates using candle stick drill and multi-facet drill." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 10n11 (April 23, 2015): 1540031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215400317.

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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composite laminates are widely used in aerospace and aircraft structural components due to their superior properties. However, they are regarded as difficult-to-cut materials because of bad surface quality and low productivity. Drilling is the most common hole making process for CFRP composite laminates and drilling induced delamination damage usually occurs severely at the exit side of drilling holes, which strongly deteriorate holes quality. In this work, the candle stick drill and multi-facet drill are employed to evaluate the machinability of drilling T700/LT-03A CFRP composite laminates in terms of thrust force, delamination, holes diameter and holes surface roughness. S/N ratio is used to characterize the thrust force while an ellipse-shaped delamination model is established to quantitatively analyze the delamination. The best combination of drilling parameters are determined by full consideration of S/N ratios of thrust force and the delamination. The results indicate that candle stick drill will induce the unexpected ellipse-shaped delamination even at its best drilling parameters of spindle speed of 10,000 rpm and feed rate of 0.004 mm/tooth. However, the multi-facet drill cutting at the relative lower feed rate of 0.004 mm/tooth and lower spindle speed of 6000 rpm can effectively prevent the delamination. Comprehensively, holes quality obtained by multi-facet drill is much more superior to those obtained by candle stick drill.

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48

Ahmad, Furkan, and Pramendra Kumar Bajpai. "Analysis and evaluation of drilling induced damage in fiber reinforced polymer composites: A review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 455 (December 19, 2018): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/455/1/012105.

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49

Singh, I., and N. Bhatnagar. "Drilling-induced damage in uni-directional glass fiber reinforced plastic (UD-GFRP) composite laminates." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 27, no. 9-10 (May 11, 2005): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-004-2282-5.

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50

Nagarajan, VA, S. Sundaram, K. Thyagarajan, J. Selwin Rajadurai, and TPD Rajan. "Refined delamination characterization for composite laminates using digital means." Journal of Composite Materials 46, no. 13 (October 6, 2011): 1535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998311421042.

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Drilling is most widely applied to composite materials; nevertheless, the damage induced by this operation on composite materials may reduce drastically the component performance. In order to establish the damage level, delamination is measured quantitatively using digital means. A comparison between the conventional ( FD) and adjusted ( FDA) delamination factor is presented. In order to quantify the delamination effectively, ‘a refined delamination factor ( FDR)’ is proposed. The accuracy of the proposed criteria is validated using experimental results.

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