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Статті в журналах з теми "Drawing behavior"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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1

Ladizesky, N. H., Y. Chaoting, and I. M. Ward. "The drawing behavior of linear polyethylene: Effect of electron irradiation on drawing and subsequent mechanical behavior of drawn products." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 25, no. 1-2 (April 1986): 185–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348608248037.

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2

Jalal Uddin, Ahmed, Yusuke Mashima, Yutaka Ohkoshi, Yasuo Gotoh, Masanobu Nagura, Akinobu Sakamoto, and Ryuma Kuroda. "Drawing behavior and characteristics of laser-drawn polypropylene fibers." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 44, no. 2 (2005): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.20681.

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3

Hwang, Joong-Ki. "Hardening and Softening Behavior of Caliber-Rolled Wire." Materials 15, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 2939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082939.

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Анотація:

The different behaviors of the mechanical properties of drawn and caliber-rolled wires with applied strain were investigated to determine the appropriate process between wire drawing and caliber rolling with consideration of materials and process conditions. Ferritic, pearlitic, and TWIP steels were drawn and caliber-rolled under the same process conditions. Caliber-rolled wires exhibited a hardening behavior in the early deformation stage and softening behavior in the later deformation stage compared with the drawn wires, regardless of the steel. The hardening behavior of the caliber-rolled wires was explained by the higher strain induced by caliber rolling compared with wire drawing, especially the higher amount of redundant work in caliber-rolled wire. The caliber-rolled wire had approximately 36% higher strain than the drawn wire and approximately 85% higher strain than nominal strain. The softening behavior of the caliber-rolled wire in later deformation stages was related to the Bauschinger effect or low-cycle fatigue effect caused by the roll geometries and loading conditions during caliber rolling. The different intersection points of the tensile strength between drawn and caliber-rolled wires with the steels were attributed to the different strain hardening rates of each steel. Between the options of the caliber rolling and wire drawing processes, the appropriate process should be selected according to the strain hardening rate of the material and the amount of plastic deformation. For instance, when the wires need to deform at high levels, wire drawing is the better process because of the appearance of the Bauschinger effect in caliber-rolled wire.

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4

Malik, T. M., P. J. Carreau, H. P. Schreiber, A. Rudin, and W. Tchir. "Drawing Behavior of Solution Modified Polyethylene." International Polymer Processing 5, no. 1 (March 1990): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.900042.

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5

Yan, R. J., A. Ajji, D. M. Shinozaki, and M. M. Dumoulin. "Uniaxial drawing behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene☆." Polymer 41, no. 3 (February 2000): 1077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00263-3.

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6

Capaccio, G., and I. M. Ward. "The drawing behavior of polyethylene copolymers." Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23, no. 5 (May 1985): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.180230518.

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7

Schellekens, R., and C. Bastiaansen. "The drawing behavior of polyvinylalcohol fibers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43, no. 12 (December 20, 1991): 2311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070431221.

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8

Haji, Aminoddin, and Semnani Rahbar. "Structure evolution and mechanical behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers drawn at different number of drawing stages." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 2 (2012): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq111020064h.

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In this work, the structure, mechanical and thermal properties of PET fiber obtained by hot multi-stage drawing have been investigated in terms of their dependence on the number of drawing steps at an equivalent total draw ratio. Differential scanning calorimetry, birefringence, wide-angle x-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, tensile properties, and taut-tie molecules were used to characterize the fine structure and physical properties of the fibers. Results have been explained in terms of a higher drawing residence time at an equivalent drawing speed. For single stage drawn fiber, a high tensile strength is obtained, whereas a high initial modulus is obtained for fiber drawn at three-stage drawing. According to the results, an important finding is that three-stage drawing process has the potential to produce high-modulus fibers. The enhanced fraction of taut-tie molecules is found in three-stage drawn fiber, which is believed to be one of the important factors leading to the high modulus achieved in fibers drawn in hot multistage.

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9

Nitta, Koh―hei. "Neck Drawing Behavior in Semicrystalline Polymer Solids." Seikei-Kakou 24, no. 7 (June 20, 2012): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.24.389.

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10

Kudoh, Shunsuke, Koichi Ogawara, Miti Ruchanurucks, Jun Takamatsu, and Katsushi Ikeuchi. "Representation of Drawing Behavior by a Robot." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 26, no. 6 (2008): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.26.612.

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11

Vinter, Annie. "How Meaning Modifies Drawing Behavior in Children." Child Development 70, no. 1 (January 1999): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00004.

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12

Lin, Zichao, Fanghong Sun, and Bin Shen. "Wear behavior of diamond-coated drawing dies." Transactions of Tianjin University 17, no. 4 (August 2011): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12209-011-1624-2.

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13

de Candia, F., G. Romano, V. Vittoria, and I. Chodák. "Drawing behavior of cross-linked isotactic polypropylene." Colloid and Polymer Science 268, no. 7 (July 1990): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01410403.

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14

Hu, Zhen Yu, Hanna Wielage, and Frank Vollertsen. "Forming Behavior of Thin Foils." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 1008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.1008.

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Анотація:

Due to size effects new challenges are involved in micro deep drawing compared to macro deep drawing. One of these challenges is that the limit drawing ratio in micro deep drawing becomes smaller than that in macro forming, which limits the application potential of micro deep drawing in an industrial context. In order to extend the application possibilities of micro deep drawing, investigations were carried out on this topic. Own previous work showed that the “tribological effect”, the “global flow behaviour effect” and the “local flow behaviour effect” are responsible for the lower forming limit in the micro range. In this paper, the flow behavior of thin foils is further investigated. Forming limit diagrams of Al99.5 and E-Cu foils with different thicknesses ranging from 20 μm to 100 μm were acquired using an optical measurement system. It was found that the forming limit of thin foils is lower than that of thicker foils. Further analysis indicates that this difference is due to the number of grains in the direction of thickness of the material: more grains give more grain boundaries, which allows more strain of the grains.

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15

Lin, Qi Quan, Wen Zheng Dong, and Zhi Gang Wang. "Studies on Galling Behavior in Square Cup Drawing of High Tensile Strength Steel." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1409.

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In this study, galling behavior in macro-scale is investigated in the square cup drawing of a high tensile strength steel in semi-dry and dry condition on laboratory experiments. The drawing dies are set two types: the non-coated (SKD11, ADI and SLD) and coated (TiC and DLC-Si). When using the non-coated dies in semi-dry, the macro-scale galling can clearly observed on die and drawn cup surface after a few drawing cycles. As a result, the galling on the die surface occurs at the bottom point of the boundary between the straight and corner edge, and grows upward with the drawing cycles; on the drawn cup, the galling starts at the top of the same boundary and grows downward. Simultaneously, the finite element method (FEM) with DEFORM-3D was used to simulate the square cup drawing process with the respect to the drawing force distribution and volume change analysis, which gave us a rational interpretation of the galling phenomena and illustrated the galling behavior and seizing tumour theoretically. Furthermore, a continued experiment with coated dies for TiC (CVD) and DLC-Si (DC -PACVD) was carried out to seek a anti-galling tool material for the high tensile strength steel.

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16

Kim, Joonhyun. "A Study on the Plant Sketching Practice for the Enhancement of People's Intention for Pro-Environmental Behavior." Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 27, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2024.27.2.103.

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Background and objective: Many scholars agree that the key to mitigating the environmental crisis lies in altering human behavior. To better understand this linkage, it is crucial to identify the psychological determinants of one's pro-environmental behavioral intention (PEB) and examine the process through which such behavior is generated. This study focuses on one such process, drawing of plants. We test whether visually representing plants by engaging in freehand drawing would influence actual behavioral intentions to improve the quality of our environment and whether this association is mediated by the key environment-psychological factors (attitude toward plants and affection to the natural environment).Methods: To answer this question, we conducted a quasi-experiment with 235 students from selected colleges in Seoul by dividing them into control and treatment groups. The control group participated in regular outdoor activities during a field trip while the treatment group engaged in drawing of plants during the trip. Survey answers and drawings were analyzed to examine the effect of plant drawing practice on PEB and the mediative role of the psychological constructs.Results: Our T-test and the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) test revealed the following findings: (1) Engaging in plant drawing practice is more effective in developing positive attitudes toward plants and affection to the natural environment than engaging only in normative outdoor experience. (2) Analytical-observational drawings are influential to PEB by mediating through plant attitude, and expressive-subjective drawings are influential to PEB by mediating through environmental affect. (3) Gender was a critical factor in determining plant attitude, environmental attitude, and PEB.Conclusion: In sum, the findings suggest that plant drawing experience has a significant impact on developing PEB, and thus, it can be an effective means to foster a biospheric mindset as well as nature-protective behavior.

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17

Lim, Na Young, and Eunjoo Yang. "Development and Validation of Drawing Test of Youth Emotional and Behavior problems (Emotional & Behavioral Drawing Test: EBDT)." Korean Journal of Arts Therapy 16, no. 1 (May 30, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18253/kart.2016.16.1.01.

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18

Mohammed, Adnan I. "Effect of Forming Method on the Behavior of the Drawing Process of a Complex Shape." Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research 9, no. 3 (December 14, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53523/ijoirvol9i3id155.

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Анотація:

This paper aims to produce a complex shape with eight vertices in a deep-drawing process. Two methods were used to perform this study. The first method is called the direct method (drawing process), in which a complex shape was produced directly from drawing metal sheets. The second method called the indirect method (redrawing process) involves producing a complex shape from the re-drawing process of the cylindrical shape previously drawn from sheet metal. The two methods were also compared in terms of drawing force, thickness distribution, stress, and strain distribution. The sheet metal used in this work is made of low carbon steel (1008-AISI) with dimensions of 0.7 mm in thickness and 80 mm in diameter. In the present study, ANSYS 18.0 software was used for simulating the drawing and redrawing process. The results indicate the maximum drawing force with a drawing process (41 KN EXP, 30 KN FES). The effective stress and the effective strain increase until the cup’s end and reach the maximum values of the effective stress (835.23 MPa FES) and the effective strain (0. 442 FES, 0.345 EXP) in the area of the minor axis curvature with the process of re-drawing. The maximum thinning at the corner area with the redrawing process (7. 143% FES, 5.722% EXP) at the zone of the minor axis curvature. Also, the best distribution of thickness, stresses, and strains along the wall of the complex shape with the first method (drawing process).

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19

Hwang, Shun-Fa, and Yu-Ren Li. "Deep Drawing Behavior of Metal-Composite Sandwich Plates." Materials 15, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 6612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196612.

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The deep drawing behavior of metal-composite sandwich plates, or fiber-metal laminates, in which aluminum or steel sheets are used as the face layer and composite materials are used as the core layer, is discussed in this work to find the workpieces without fractures and wrinkles. Two types of aluminum, 1050 and 6061, are considered their suitability as face sheets. The preheat effect of aluminum 6061 on formability is also investigated. When steel sheets are used, the effect of blank-holder pressure is included. In addition, to understand the deformation of fabric composite, pure composite laminates are deep drawn. The results of composite laminates show that after drawing, the weft and warp lines are shorter than the other radial lines, causing the specific deformed shape and the variation of the fiber intersection angle. For Al-composite sandwich plates, fractures and wrinkles are easy to occur. Even though the fracture and wrinkle conditions are released with the increase in preheating temperature of aluminum 6061, it may be not enough. For the deep drawing of the steel-composite sandwich plates, in which fractures are avoided, the increase of blank-holder pressure could reduce the wrinkle number. Hence, good quality workpieces without fracture and wrinkle could be obtained when the blank-holder pressure is high enough.

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20

Park, Hee-Sook. "Constraints on representational change in children's drawing behavior." Korean Society for Child Education 26, no. 3 (August 25, 2017): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17643/kjce.2017.26.3.09.

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21

HIRAI, Seiya, Sachiho MUTO, and Ikuko TAKENAKA. "A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF DRAWING BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 41, no. 2 (1993): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.41.2_230.

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22

Li, Lin, Luo-ping Xu, Ren-yu Fu, and Mei Zhang. "Modification of the drawing behavior of 08VTiRe stee." Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition) 4, no. 1 (March 2000): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11741-000-0034-9.

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23

Bae, Jae Wung, Jongun Moon, Min Ji Jang, Dong-Hyun Ahn, Soo-Hyun Joo, Jaimyun Jung, Dami Yim, and Hyoung Seop Kim. "Deep Drawing Behavior of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 48, no. 9 (July 5, 2017): 4111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4189-4.

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24

Cai, Jianchen, Jinyun Jiang, Qun Yang, Peng Cheng, Ke Chen, and Suwei Wang. "Effect of Drawing Parameters on the Properties of Polypropylene/Inorganic Particles Composites by Solid-State Die Drawing." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 3913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223913.

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Анотація:

Die drawing is an effective method for improving the properties of polymer. In this work, polypropylene (PP)/inorganic particle composites were fabricated by a solid-state die drawing process to investigate the effects of drawing parameters, such as inorganic particles types, drawing temperature, and drawing speed, on the thermal properties, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of the drawn composites. The mechanical properties of the material were significantly improved through this processing method. For the drawn PP/inorganic particle composites with 45 wt% CaCO3, when the drawing speed was 2.0 m/min and the drawing temperature was 110 °C, the density of the drawn composites reached the lowest at 1.00 g/cm3. At this time, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of the drawn composites were 128.32 MPa, 77.12 MPa, and 170.42 KJ/m2, respectively. This work provides a new strategy for the preparation of lightweight and high-strength PP-based composites, which have broad application prospects in the field of engineering and structural materials.

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25

Hahn, Ulrike. "Explaining more by drawing on less." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 1 (February 2009): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09000351.

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AbstractOne of the most striking features of “Bayesian rationality” is the detail with which behavior on logical reasoning tasks can now be predicted and explained. This detail is surprising, given the state of the field 10 to 15 years ago, and it has been brought about by a theoretical program that largely ignores consideration of cognitive processes, that is, any kind of internal behavior that generates overt responding. It seems that an increase in explanatory power can be achieved by restricting a psychological theory.

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26

Widiatmoko, Julian, Fanghui Jia, and Zhengyi Jiang. "Al-Cu Composite’s Springback in Micro Deep Drawing." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 55, no. 4 (October 26, 2023): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.4.3.

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With the recent technological trend of miniaturization in manufacturing industries, the rise of micro forming operations such as micro deep drawing (MDD) is inevitable. On the other hand, the need of more advanced materials is essential to accommodate various applications. However, a major problem are size effects that make micro scale operations challenging. One of the most important behaviors affected by size effects is the springback phenomenon, which is the tendency of a deformed material to go back to its original shape. Springback can affect dimensional accuracy, which is very important in micro products. Thus, this paper investigated the springback behavior of Al-Cu composite in MDD operations. Micro cups were fabricated from blank sheet specimens using an MDD apparatus with variation of annealing holding time. The springback values were measured and compared to each other. The results showed that different grain sizes lead to variation in the amount of springback. However, unlike in single-element materials, the amount of springback in Al-Cu composite is not only related to the thickness to grain size (t/d) ratio. Another factor, i.e., the existence of an interfacial region between layers, alters the mechanical behavior of the composite.

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27

Toribio, Jesús, Francisco-Javier Ayaso, and Beatriz González. "Role of Non-Metallic Inclusions in the Fracture Behavior of Cold Drawn Pearlitic Steel." Metals 11, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060962.

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In this paper an exhaustive scientific work is performed, by means of metallographic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques, of the microstructural defects exhibited by pearlitic steels and their evolution with the manufacturing process by cold drawing, analyzing the consequences of such defects on the isotropic/anisotropic fracture behavior of the different steels. Thus, the objective is the establishment of a relation between the microstructural damage and the fracture behavior of the different steels. To this end, samples were taken from all the intermediate stages of the real cold drawing process, from the initial hot rolled bar (not cold drawn at all) to the heavily drawn final commercial product (prestressing steel wire). Results show the very relevant role of non-metallic inclusions in the fracture behavior of cold drawn pearlitic steels.

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28

Pişkin, Mehmet Ali, and Bilgin Kaftanoğlu. "Computer Aided Modeling of Deep-Drawing." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.341.

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Deep-drawing operations are performed widely in industrial applications. It is very important for efficiency to achieve parts with no defects. In this work, a finite element method is developed to simulate deep-drawing operation including wrinkling. A four nodded five degree of freedom shell element is formulated. Isotropic elasto-plastic material model with Von Mises yield criterion is used. By using this shell element, the developed code can predict the bending behavior of workpiece besides membrane behavior. Simulations are carried out with four different element sizes. The thickness strain and nodal displacement values obtained are compared with results of a commercial finite element program and results of previously conducted experiments.

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29

GVK, Sai Srikanth, Zhenyun Liu, and M. J. Tan. "Fatigue behavior in Co–Cr–Ni–Mo medical wires drawn with different drawing practices." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 99 (November 2019): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.07.027.

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30

KIMURA, Sei, Ikuo HOSHIKAWA, Nobuhiko IBARAKI, Shigeo HATTORI, and Takashi CHODA. "Fracture Behavior of Oxide Inclusions during Rolling and Drawing." Tetsu-to-Hagane 88, no. 11 (2002): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.88.11_755.

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31

ZUSHI, Yasunobu, Takahiro NIWA, Sadao HIBI, Shinichi NAGATA, and Satoru TANI. "Molecular Orientation Behavior with Drawing of Biaxially Stretched Film." Seikei-Kakou 7, no. 11 (1995): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.7.723.

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32

NIWA, Takahiro, Yasunobu ZUSHI, Sadao HIBI, Shinichi NAGATA, and Satoru TANI. "Molecular Orientation Behavior with Drawing of Biaxially Stretched Film." Seikei-Kakou 7, no. 11 (1995): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.7.729.

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33

HIBI, Sadao, Takahiro NIWA, Shinichi NAGATA, Hiroshi MIZUNO, Daisuke YAMAZAKI, and Shigeru OKAMOTO. "Molecular Orientation Behavior with Drawing of Biaxially Stretched Film." Seikei-Kakou 7, no. 12 (1995): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.7.776.

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34

Kim, Jin-Kyung. "Kinetic Family Drawing According to Preschoolers' External Problem Behavior." Journal of Korean Home Management Association 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7466/jkhma.2013.31.1.061.

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35

Shan, D., G. Yan, L. Zhou, J. S. Li, C. S. Li, Q. Y. Wang, X. M. Xiong, and G. F. Jiao. "Multifilamentary MgB2 wires fracture behavior during the drawing process." Physica C: Superconductivity 483 (December 2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2012.06.007.

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36

Humphreys, J., I. M. Ward, E. L. Nix, J. C. McGrath, and Thorn Emi. "A study of the drawing behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30, no. 10 (October 1985): 4069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070301010.

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37

Avramova, N., S. Fakirov, and J. M. Schultz. "Cold-drawing behavior of naturally aged poly(ethylene terephthalate)." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31, no. 6 (May 5, 1986): 1631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310609.

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38

Sameki, Mehrnoosh, Danna Gurari, and Margrit Betke. "Predicting Quality of Crowdsourced Image Segmentations from Crowd Behavior." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 3 (September 23, 2015): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v3i1.13260.

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Анотація:

Quality control (QC) is an integral part of many crowd- sourcing systems. However, popular QC methods, such as aggregating multiple annotations, filtering workers, or verifying the quality of crowd work, introduce additional costs and delays. We propose a complementary paradigm to these QC methods based on predicting the quality of submitted crowd work. In particular, we pro- pose to predict the quality of a given crowd drawing directly from a crowd worker’s drawing time, number of user clicks, and average time per user click. We focus on the task of drawing the boundary of a single object in an image. To train and test our prediction models, we collected a total of 2,025 crowd-drawn segmentations for 405 familiar everyday images and unfamiliar biomedical images from 90 unique crowd workers. We first evaluated five prediction models learned using different combinations of the three worker behavior cues for all images. Experiments revealed that time per number of user clicks was the most effective cue for predicting segmentation quality. We next inspected the predictive power of models learned using crowd annotations collected for familiar and unfamiliar data independently. Prediction models were significantly more effective for estimating the segmentation quality from crowd worker behavior for familiar image content than unfamiliar image content.

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39

Chen, Annie T. "Timeline Drawing and the Online Scrapbook." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 160940691775320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406917753207.

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This article explores the use of two visual methods to facilitate elicitation of temporal data in a qualitative interview study—specifically, a timeline drawing activity and collaborative viewing of an interface for visualizing personal social media histories, the Online Scrapbook—for eliciting participants’ recollections and reflections upon their experience of chronic illness. This study makes a novel contribution in the use of an interactive, data-driven timeline based on social media participation to elicit personal reflections. Both elicitation techniques were effective for encouraging participants to tell their story and take a closer look at their own experiences in their respective ways. Whereas the timeline drawing activity gave participants the opportunity to share their illness experiences from their own perspective, the Online Scrapbook facilitated a multidimensional exploration of how participants interacted with their surrounding online and offline environments, enabled participants to revisit their past through their own digital artifacts, and supported a deeper exploration of participants’ information behaviors. The article examines how the timeline drawing activity and the Online Scrapbook viewing activity were used together in the same study to bring out the richness and complexity of the relationship between information behavior and health management, and facilitate a nuanced view of participants’ lives.

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40

Toribio, Jesús. "Cold-Drawn Pearlitic Steels as Hierarchically Structured Materials: An Approach to Johann Sebastian Bach." Key Engineering Materials 774 (August 2018): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.492.

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This paper analyzes the hierarchical microstructure of cold-drawn pearlitic steels. To this end, environmentally assisted fracture behavior and microstructural integrity in aggressive environments is analyzed in progressively cold-drawn pearlitic steels based on their microstructural evolution during the multi-step cold drawing manufacture process producing a slenderizing and orientation of the pearlitic colonies (first microstructural level), and orientation and densification of the ferrite/cementite lamellae (second microstructural level). Thus the microstructure of the cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires becomes progressively oriented as the cold-drawing degree increases and this microstructural fact affects their macroscopic behavior, inducing anisotropic fracture behavior and crack path deflection in aggressive environments. In addition, the hierarchical microstructure of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires in two microstructural levels (colonies and lamellae) suggests a consideration of them as hierarchically structured materials (HSM). Furthermore, an analogy is established in the paper between the microstructural arrangement in cold-drawn pearlitic steels and the multi-level structure of Johann Sebastian Bach’s music.

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41

Li, Yan, Xiao Hong Chen, Ping Liu, Lin Hua Gao, and Bao Hong Tian. "Behavior of Heavy Plastic Deformation of Cu-15Cr-0.1Zr In Situ Composite." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 2191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.2191.

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The behavior of plastic deformation of Cu-15Cr-0.1Zr in-situ composite under different degree of cold drawing deformation was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that both Cu and Cr phases are elongated along cold drawn direction and appear a fibrous morphology; However, Cu phase shows a thread-like fibrous morphology and Cr phase shows a band-like fibrous morphology. The two phases have a coherent relationship of (111)Cu //(011)Cr; When the degree of deformation(ε)is equal to 6.43, the relationship shows// [111]Cu // [110]Cr //cold drawn direction. Furthermore, forming two different morphologies of Cu and Cr phases during cold drawing is also analyzed.

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42

Shiota, Y., A. Kanie, Yo Tomota, Stefanus Harjo, Atsushi Moriai, and Takashi Kamiyama. "Dissolution of Cementite Plates by Drawing, Re-Precipitation with Annealing and Corresponding Changes in Tensile Behavior in a Pearlite Steel." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.27.

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The microstructural change with drawing and subsequent annealing for a patented pearlite steel was investigated by means of neutron diffraction. The dissolution of cementite plates with drawing and re-precipitation of spherical cementite particles with annealing after sever drawing were observed. In situ neutron diffraction during tensile loading was performed and it is revealed that the strengthening mechanism of the specimen without cementite differs from that for a ferrite-cementite steel where the load transfer is a main mechanism. The possible strengthening mechanism for the heavily drawn specimen is proposed.

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43

Ahmed, R., and M. P. F. Sutcliffe. "An Experimental Investigation of Surface Pit Evolution During Cold-Rolling or Drawing of Stainless Steel Strip." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 1 (June 29, 2000): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1327580.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation of the mechanisms of pit elimination in strip drawing and rolling of stainless steel strips. Strip drawing tests with artificial indents confirm the role of micro-plasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (MPHL) in allowing pits to be reduced in size and depth. The similarity of results for two oils, which differ in viscosity by a factor of 10, is attributed to the fact that oil is drawn out of the pits rather easily, so that the behavior tends to the unlubricated case. Similar behavior is observed for strip drawing of shot blast white hot band. For much smoother bright anneal strip, it is suggested that the presence of an oil film in the unpitted region prevents generation of pressure differences between the pits and the unpitted regions. A comparison of strip-drawn and cold-rolled stainless steel samples show that the change in pit area and Rq roughness varies with overall reduction in a remarkably similar way. The reason for such similar behavior is attributed to the absence of hydrodynamic action in preventing pit elimination, albeit for opposite reasons. The similar rate of pit evolution in both cases confirms the usefulness of the strip drawing rig as a tool to model the change of surface topography during rolling, as long as care is taken in matching the regimes of lubrication.

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44

Chowdhury, Rajneesh. "Holistic Flexibility for Critical Systems Thinking Inspired by the Nataraja." Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 154–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51327/nhiy7714.

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The Nataraja is perhaps the most well-recognized anthropomorphic form of the Hindu god, Shiva. This paper articulates a set of principles for a recently developed conceptual lens in systems thinking called Holistic Flexibility for flexible and responsible management practice. The five most important function of the Nataraja, or the panchakritya, have been drawn on to articulate these principles; these principles are – "system as becoming", drawing from srishti or creation, "transformative flexibility", drawing from samhara or transformation, "responsible practice" drawing from tirobhava or (freedom from) ignorance, "spiral of learning" drawing from samhara or liberation, and "pragmatic artistry" drawing from sthithi or assurance. An argument is presented to establish the importance of management consciousness drawing from the Shiva philosophy. Behaviors associated with the principles are enlisted along with the challenges for managers to display these behaviors. The discussions presented argue that Holistic Flexibility and its principles can lend a new character to systems thinking as a state of mind to supersede a rational-analytical approach.

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45

Simon, Herbert A. "What is an “Explanation” of Behavior?" Psychological Science 3, no. 3 (May 1992): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00017.x.

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The cognitive “revolution” in psychology introduced a new concept of explanation and somewhat novel methods of gathering and interpreting evidence. These innovations assume that it is essential to explain complex phenomena at several levels, symbolic as well as physiological; complementary, not competitive. As with the other sciences, such complementarity makes possible a comprehensive and unified experimental psychology. Contemporary cognitive psychology also introduced complementarity of another kind, drawing upon, and drawing together, both the behaviorist and the Gestalt traditions.

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46

Muszka, K., M. Wielgus, J. Majta, K. Doniec, and Monika Stefanska-Kadziela. "Influence of Strain Path Changes on Microstructure Inhomogeneity and Mechanical Behavior of Wire Drawing Products." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.314.

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Cold drawn low carbon steel wires are widely used in several engineering applications where a proper combination of strength and ductility is of the paramount importance. In the present paper, the multi-pass angular accumulative drawing (AAD) is proposed as a new forming process where the high strain accumulation is used as a way to achieve much higher microstructure refinement level compared to the conventional wire drawing process. This process is characterized by a complex strain path history, being an effect of wire diameter reduction, bending, tension and torsion, what directly affects the microstructure changes in the final product. This process also evolves high inhomogeneity of microstructure, that if properly controlled, can lead to further properties improvement - what can be especially beneficial for alloys that are not characterized by complex compositions. In the present paper, special emphasis is given on the inhomogeneity of both deformation and microstructure and resulted mechanical properties. After drawing and annealing (at 500oC) mechanical properties measurements and microstructure analysis on the longitudinal sections of the wires were performed to assess the differences existing with respect to the conventional wire drawing process.

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47

Kishimoto, Takuma, Hayate Sakaguchi, Saki Suematsu, Kenichi Tashima, Satoshi Kajino, Shiori Gondo, and Shinsuke Suzuki. "Deformation Behavior Causing Excessive Thinning of Outer Diameter of Micro Metal Tubes in Hollow Sinking." Metals 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101315.

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The deformation behavior of microtubes during hollow sinking was investigated to clarify the mechanism of the excessive thinning of their outer diameters. Stainless-steel, copper, and aluminum alloy tubes were drawn without an inner tool to evaluate the effect of Lankford values on outer diameter reduction. Drawing stress and stress-strain curves were obtained to evaluate the yielding behavior during hollow sinking. The observed yielding behavior indicated that the final outer diameter of the drawn tube was always smaller than the die diameter due to the uniaxial tensile deformation starting from the die approach end even though the drawing stress was in the elastic range. The results of a loading-unloading tensile test demonstrated that the strain remained even after unloading. Therefore, the outer diameter is considered to become smaller than the die diameter during hollow sinking due to microscopic yielding at any Lankford value. Furthermore, the outer diameter becomes smaller than the die diameter as the Lankford value increases, as theorized. As the drawing stress decreases or the apparent elastic modulus of the stress-strain curve increases, the outer diameter seems to approach the die diameter during unloading, which is caused by the elastic recovery outside the microscopic yielding region.

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48

Khanum, Rina, Dong Woo Go, Wataru Takarada, Arun Aneja, and Takeshi Kikutani. "Role of ethanol concentration on drawing and infusion behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments upon cold drawing." Polymer 70 (July 2015): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.003.

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49

Tintelecan, Marius, Dana-Adriana Iluțiu-Varvara, Ioana Monica Sas-Boca, and Claudiu Aciu. "The Behavior of a Zn-Al Anticorrosive Coating in the Wiredrawing Process." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 6190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186190.

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The present paper describes and quantifies the behavior of a Zn-Al anticorrosive coating deposited on the surface of a steel wire before its drawing process. For the complete evaluation of this behavior, the drawing of these samples was performed on four wiredrawing lines, differing by the deformation angle 2 · α of the component dies of each line. For good agreement with industrial practice, the drawing series used a partial reduction of the section of 20%. Two aspects were analyzed: the evolution of the chemical composition and the structure of the removed layer during the drawing of the coated steel wire, and the drawing force necessary to carry out this process. This article helps to elucidate how the Zn-Al anti-corrosion layer responds to the stresses inherent in the process of drawing the steel wire on which it is deposited.

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50

Djimaoui, Toufik, Mosbah Zidani, Mohamed Chaouki Nebbar, T. Abid, Hichem Farh, Anne Laure Helbert, Francois Brisset, and Thierry Baudin. "Study of Microstructural and Mechanical Behavior of Mild Steel Wires Cold Drawn at TREFISOUD." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 36 (June 2018): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.36.53.

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The aim of the present work is to study the evolution of microstructure, texture and mechanical properties during drawing of mild steel wire of type F8Z used in the manufacture of welding electrodes TREFISOUD. It was found that the as received wire has a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure corresponding to an isotopic state (without texture). This microstructure is relatively heterogeneous in the wire section. On the other hand, after strong drawing structure appears relatively homogeneous, throughout the section of the drawn wire. Also the deformation process by drawing causes the hardening of wire as a function of deformation with a reinforcing component of the fiber texture <110> // ND (majority), typical for bcc materials. Characterization methods used in this work is: Optical microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the Electron Back Scattered Diffraction EBSD, Vickers microhardness and the tensile tests.

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