Дисертації з теми "Drainage models"
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Madramootoo, Chandra Alastair 1954. "An agricultural land drainage simulation model /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72017.
Повний текст джерелаEvents for the years 1978 to 1982 were simulated, to compare the runoff characteristics between 20 ha, clay loam, surface-drained and subsurface-drained fields. Further simulations were conducted to examine the hydrologic effects of wide-spaced, deep, parallel field ditches.
Hydrographs for the one-in-200-year storm were also simulated. All of the simulations confirmed that the peak flow rate on the subsurface-drained field was less than that of the surface-drained field. Longer times to peak and lag times occurred on the subsurface-drained field.
Wu, Guangxi. "Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of subsurface drainage design." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28529.
Повний текст джерелаApplied Science, Faculty of
Graduate
Mercurio, Matthew Forrest. "Divider analysis of drainage divides delineated at the field scale." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1306855.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Geology
Kalliokoski, J. (Juha). "Models of filtration curve as a part of pulp drainage analyzers." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514294273.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Paperimassasulpun suotauttaminen on paperinvalmistuksen avainprosesseja. Sitä on mitattu monenlaisilla analysaattoreilla ja kuvattu sekä fysikaalisilla että kokeellisilla matemaattisilla malleilla. Tämän tutkimuksen päätavoite on kehittää suotautuvuusanalysaattorin kokeellista matemaattista mallia. Tutkimuksessa viiran halkaisija (10 cm) sekä näytteen määrä (1000 cm3), sakeus (0.3 %) ja lämpötila (20 ˚C) olivat suunnilleen samat kuin Canadian standard freeness –analysaattorissa. Järjestelmä mittasi suotautettua tilavuutta, suotauttavaa painetta ja suodoksen sakeutta. Suotautuspaineet olivat 80 kPa:n ali- ja ylipaineen väliltä. Testattavana oli hioketta, painehioketta ja termohierrettä sekä kemiallista massaa, joiden freeness oli 30 ml:sta 600 ml:aan. Analysaattoriin rakennettu vakiointijärjestelmä sääti näytteen sakeuden, tilavuuden ja lämpötilan niin tarkasti halutuiksi, että näiden vaihtelu ei olisi muuttanut freeness-arvoa edes prosenttia. Suureiden kehittymiselle johdettiin kaavat. Niiden avulla voidaan laskea ne näytteen arvoalueet, joilta halutut tavoitearvot voidaan saavuttaa. Optisesti mitattu suodoksen sakeus riippui massatyypistä ja hiipui lähes nollaksi ennen kuin 150 ml oli suotautettu. Suotautus muutti optisesti aktiivisen hienoaineen osuutta. Tämän työn suodoskäyrän mallissa aika (t) on verrannollinen suotautetun tilavuuden (V) kokeellisen potenssiin: Ve = kt. Mallinnuksen ajaksi lisätään apuparametri (Ve = kt+V0e), jotta suotautuksen alku ei huononna mallia. Sovituksen korrelaatiokerroin oli yli 0.999. Eksponentin arvo vaihteli vähän yli yhdestä melkein kolmeen, joten Darcyn lain mukainen eksponentin arvo 2 osoittautui erikoistapaukseksi. Mallin ja painemittauksen avulla lasketut ominaisresistanssit muuttuivat suotautuksen kuluessa ja riippuivat myös massatyypistä. Mallin avulla voitiin laskea näytteen freeness sekä suodattaa mittauskohinaa
Freitas, Henrique Rennó de Azeredo. "Drainage networks and watersheds delineation derived from TIN-based digital elevation models." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2014. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/plutao/2014/11.16.19.25.
Повний текст джерелаModelos Digitais de Elevação (MDEs) são objetos de grande importância em muitos estudos das ciências naturais e uma área relevante de sua aplicação é a hidrologia, pois a partir de um MDE é possível gerar redes de drenagem e bacias hidrográficas, as quais são elementos essenciais no entendimento de processos hidrológicos. Todos os métodos desenvolvidos para gerar redes de drenagem a partir de um MDE dependem da sua representação e a representação mais comum é dada por grades regulares, onde valores de elevação são atribuídos em células uniformemente distribuídas no espaço. Entretanto, essa representação apresenta limitações nas direções de fluxo, as quais são definidas em apenas oito direções distintas. Este trabalho considera o modelo de terreno dado por uma Rede Triangular Irregular (Triangulated Irregular Network ou TIN) gerada de curvas de nível e pontos amestrados, onde a superfície do terreno é modelada por vários triângulos definidos a partir de um conjunto de pontos adequadamente distribuídos no espaço, de forma que o TIN pode eficientemente se adaptar as suas irregularidades. Além disso, direções de fluxo sobre TINs abrangem todas as direções possíveis e dependem da declividade dos triângulos, de modo que essa estrutura é mais flexível ao se considerar o cálculo dos fluxos de água. A triangulação utilizada neste trabalho é a triangulação de Delaunay restrita e o método que gera redes de drenagem considera direções de fluxo dadas pelo gradiente do plano definido por cada triângulo. Problemas que comumente ocorrem em MDEs tais como áreas planas e fossos, os quais criam inconsistências no modelo de terreno e descontinuidades nos fluxos, também merecem atenção especial. No presente trabalho, áreas planas são removidas pela inserção de novos pontos na triangulação com valores de elevação interpolados e fossos pela definição de caminhos de pontos iniciando do fosso até alcançar um outro ponto de menor elevação, onde todos esses pontos têm seus valores de elevação reinterpolados. Sobretudo, este trabalho descreve uma metodologia para calcular caminhos de drenagem a partir de um TIN traçados ao processar os triângulos com uma prioridade associada e depois conectados definindo uma estrutura de grafo de drenagem, a qual é proposta neste trabalho para o cálculo de fluxos acumulados. Posteriormente, redes de drenagem são geradas de acordo com determinado ti valores ele limiar e bacias hidrográficas são então delimitadas a partir das redes de drenagem. Todos os resultados do TIN são comparados qualitativamente a resultados de grade regular gerados com a plataforma computacional TerraHidro desenvolvida no INPE e também a uma rede de drenagem disponível, produzida por especialistas e considerada aqui como uma referência dos principais cursos d'água no terreno. Os resultados são bastante promissores mostrando que modelos de terreno TIN podem ser utilizados para gerar redes de drenagem a partir de fluxos acumulados consistentes com padrões hidrológicos reais.
Richard, Paul François. "A computer analysis of the flow of water and nutrients in agricultural soils as affected by subsurface drainage." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29171.
Повний текст джерелаScience, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
Samsudin, A. B. "An assessment of flow and pressure control in experimental models of glaucoma drainage surgery." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1435420/.
Повний текст джерелаLeandro, Jorge. "Advanced modelling of flooding in urban areas : integrated 1D/1D and 1D/2D models." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/41949.
Повний текст джерелаTribe, Andrea S. "Automated recognition of valley heads, valley bottoms and drainage networks from grid digital elevation models." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306257.
Повний текст джерелаHiester, Justin. "Investigations into the Regional and Local Timescale Variations of Subglacial Drainage Networks." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1022.
Повний текст джерелаSalazar, Osvaldo. "Modelling water discharge and nitrogen loads from drained agricultural land at field and watershed scale /." Uppsala : Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200932.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBhadra, Sourav. "Assessing the Impacts of Anthropogenic Drainage Structures on Hydrologic Connectivity Using High-Resolution Digital Elevation Models." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2573.
Повний текст джерелаGalbetti, Marcus Vinícius. "Comparação dos modelos hidrológicos presentes no SSD ABC6 aplicados a uma bacia urbana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-12082015-155640/.
Повний текст джерелаIn Brazil, the urbanization process was characterized by the lack of planning and adequate infrastructure, strengthening the arising of floods and flooding. In order to mitigate them, it is necessary to conduct hydrological studies that seek to understand and represent the behavior of the watershed when facing rainfall events. One of the most used tools to perform this task is the Decision Support Systems (DSS) applied in the water resources area, highlighting the Decision Support System for Flood Wave Analysis in Complex Watersheds (ABC6). The ABC6 is characterized by being a free Brazilian software and it presents many models to determine the effective precipitation and to generate synthetic hydrographs. When the hydrological data of the study area are available, such as precipitation and flow, the models parameters can be determined. Otherwise, it is necessary to estimate them through empirical formulations so that the application of these formulations is questionable in areas with different characteristics from those of their determination. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the performance of the models presented in ABC6 by using their empirical formulations in order to estimate the time of concentration and the model parameters of effective precipitation and synthetic hydrograph generation for a watershed in the process of urbanization. The results put into question the validity of the parameters values suggested in the technical literature of the SCS model, which is used for the effective precipitation determination and the ABC6 calculation routines for models of Horton and Green-Ampt. The results presented the need of updating the calculation routines presented in the ABC6 in order to make it more robust, and the need of the elaboration of a detailed technical manual of its computational routines, guiding the user in order to make the most of its potential in hydrological studies. In addition, it has been demonstrated a need for regionalized studies in order to incorporate the features and characteristics of each region to the parameters to be used.
Campos, Elaine Franco de. "Avaliação da distribuição da chuva nas vazões maximas urbanas usando dados de radar e de pluviografo." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257877.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T03:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_ElaineFrancode.pdf: 1908892 bytes, checksum: a9423fde9edbc3d1ba0202ab8f3be9b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: A precipitação é um componente do ciclo hidrológico que apresenta grande variabilidade espacial. Postos pluviométricos fornecem registros válidos apenas para um pequeno entorno do instrumento. A baixa densidade e as curtas séries de dados dos postos pluviométricos em bacias brasileiras tem sido fatores determinante nas incertezas dos resultados de diversos modelos hidrológicos que têm sido aplicados no país. Nesse contexto, o estudo de estimativas espaciais de precipitação podem ser extremamente úteis na busca de hidrogramas de projeto. Essas estimativas, embora a precariedade dos dados observados, devem fornecer uma boa noção da distribuição espacial das chuvas. Assim, com este trabalho, utilizam-se as estimativas da distribuição espacial da precipitação, obtidas a partir de dados de radar meteorológico, que são comparados aos dados da rede pluviométrica. Os dados da distribuição espacial da precipitação são usados como dados de entrada do modelo hidrológico distribuído Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), o qual foi aplicado a uma pequena bacia urbana da cidade de Campinas - SP, com área de drenagem de 7,59 km2. Os resultados são analisados comparando os hidrogramas simulados com os observados. Foram realizados estudos de caso na Bacia Hidrográfica Ralph Stettinger pertencente à Bacia do Ribeirão das Anhumas, na cidade de Campinas, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, que conta com boa rede pluviométrica para aferir as estimativas da distribuição espacial da chuva e com dados fluviométricos de várias enchentes ocorridas na bacia. Os dados de radar utilizados foram os do radar meteoro lógico localizado na cidade de São Paulo. A precipitação acumulada estimada pelo radar meteorológico para os nove eventos representou satisfatoriamente a chuva, quando comparados com os valores medidos nas estações pluviográficas, na qual, as diferenças obtiveram valor médio de 28%. Os hidrogramas resultantes da aplicação dos dados de radar reproduziram resultados satisfatórios se comparados aos resultados gerados pelo uso de dados de pluviógrafos, pois o coeficiente de eficiência obtido usando dados de radar foi de 0,69, já o coeficiente de eficiência encontrado usando dados de pluviógrafos foi de 0,85.
Abstract: The precipitation is one variable of the hydrological cycle that shows a large spatial variability. Conventional rain gauges only provide valid records from the positions next to the instrument. The low density of rainfall data recording posts in Brazilian watersheds has been the determinant factor of the uncertainties on the results of various hydrological models that have been applied in this country. In this context, the study of spatial estimates of precipitation can be extremely useful to find more accurate hydrographs of projects. These estimates, despite these poor data observed, may provide a good knowledge of the spatial rain distribution at the environment. With this study, the estimates of the spatial distribution of precipitation, using a weather radar, may be compared with the rainfall data from the recording stations. The data of the spatial distribution of precipitation is used as an input at the distributed hydrological model "Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)", which was applied to a urban watershed in the city Campinas - SP, with a drainage area in about 7,59 km2. The results are analyzed by comparing , the simulated hydrographs to observed flow rates. Studies of case were made in the watershed Ralph Stettinger belonging to Ribeirão das Anhumas watershed, which has a good pluviometric record to measure the estimates of the spatial distribution of rainfall and with tluviometric data from several flooding, occurred in this watershed. The radar data used was from the weather radar located in the city of São Paulo. The accumulated precipitation that the weather radar predicted for the nine events, represented the rain as well when compared with the values already measured in the rain gauges, which the average value differences was 28%. The resultant hydrographs of the application of radar data reproduced satisfactofy results if compared to the generated results by the rain gauges, because the obtained efficiency coefficient using radar data was 0,69, otherwise, the efficiency coefficient that was found using rain gauges data was 0,85.
Universidade Estadual de Campi
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Mohammadighavam, S. (Shahram). "Hydrological and hydraulic design of peatland drainage and water treatment systems for optimal control of diffuse pollution." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526214511.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Turvemaiden ojitus metsätaloutta, maataloutta ja turvetuotantoa varten lisää orgaanisen aineen, kiintoaineineen ja ravinteiden huuhtoutumista alapuolisiin vesistöihin. Lisääntyneellä kuormituksella voi olla merkittäviä vaikutuksia vesiekosysteemeihin, minkä vuoksi turvetuotannon ympäristöluvissa vaaditaan valumavesien puhdistamista mm. laskeutusaltaiden ja pintavalutuskenttien avulla. Tiukentuneiden vesiensuojelumääräysten vuoksi tarvitaan uusia vesiensuojelumenetelmiä sekä tulee tehostaa jo käytössä olevien menetelmien toimintaa. Tämän työn tavoitteena on suositella uusia menetelmiä perustuen I) entistä tarkempaan hydrologiseen tietoon valunnasta ja vesistökuormituksesta ja II) kemiallisen vesienpuhdistuksen yhteydessä käytettävien laskeutusaltaiden hydrauliseen suunnitteluun. Tämä väitöstyö rakentuu maastossa ja laboratoriossa tehtyjen tutkimusten sekä hydrologisen/hydraulisen mallinnuksen varaan. Valuma-alueiden hydrologiaa tutkittiin ja mallinnettiin kolmella turvemetsäalueella ja kahdella turvetuotantoalueella Pohjois-Suomessa. Ojituksen hydrologisten vaikutusten arviointiin käytettiin DRAINMOD 6.1 ohjelmaa, jonka kalibrointia ja validointia varten kerättiin jatkuvatoimisilla antureilla aineistoa pohjaveden pinnankorkeuksista ja virtaamasta useiden vuosien ajalta. Mallin avulla voitiin pohjaveden pinnan vaihtelut kuvata yleisesti melko hyvin kaikilla tutkimusalueilla yksittäisistä sadanta-valuntatapahtuminen yli- tai aliarvioinneista huolimatta. Saadut tulokset osoittavat, että DRAINMOD 6.1 ohjelmalla voidaan riittävällä tarkkuudella simuloida pohjaveden pinnan vaihteluita kylmässä ilmastossa, kuten Pohjois-Suomessa, mutta malli ei soveltunut hyvin ojitusalueelta lähtevän valunnan tarkkaan määrittämiseen. Kemiallisen vesienpuhdistusrakenteiden optimointiin käytettiin COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1 ohjelmaa, jolla voidaan toteuttaa ja laskea veden virtauksia kolmessa dimensiossa (computational fluid dynamic, CFD, model). Mallilla arvioitiin kemikalointialtaan tuloaukon rakenteen vaikutuksia tyypillisesti kemikaloinnissa käytetyn allasrakenteen puhdistustehokkuuteen. Lisäksi mallilla mitoitettiin virtausesteitä optimaalisen sekoittumisolosuhteiden saamiseksi ja puhdistustehokkuuden parantamiseksi painovoimaisesti toimivissa flokkausaltaissa (hidas sekoitus). Saadut tulokset osoittavat, että laskeutusaltaiden tuloaukon rakenteella on merkittävä vaikutus kemikaloinnissa saavutettuun puhdistustehokkuuteen. Lisäksi työssä esitettiin optimaalisia virtausesteiden mitoituksia (geometria, esteiden välinen etäisyys, virtaussyvyys yms.) puhdistuksen kannalta parhaiden mahdollisten sekoitusolosuhteiden saavuttamiseksi
Rahman, Mohammed Mizanur. "Application of SWAT for Impact Analysis of Subsurface Drainage on Streamflows in a Snow Dominated Watershed." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29555.
Повний текст джерелаBurgholzer, Robert William. "Using Accumulation Based Network Identification Methods to Identify Hill Slope Scale Drainage Networks in a Raster GIS." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32001.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Desmond, Eric D. "Studies including hydrologic modeling and data analysis at the Ohio management systems evaluation." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070465699.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 104 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Andy Ward, Dept.of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-104).
CARVALHO, Maíra de. "Calibração de modelos de drenagem urbana utilizando algoritmos evolucionários multiobjetivo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/613.
Повний текст джерелаCARVALHO, M. Calibration models of urban drainage using multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. 2011. Dissertation (Masters of Environmental Engineering) - Civil Engineering College, Post-Graduation Stricto Sensu Program in Environmental Engineering - Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, 2011.. This study proposed to develop and implement a calibration routine hydrological models applied to urban drainage using multiobjective optimization techniques. To make this work possible model was adopted Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and the computational algorithms developed in MATLAB environment using an evolutionary algorithm. The method was applied to two different levels of detail in representing the Arroyo Cancels basin, located in the urban area of Santa Maria-RS, submitted to the hydrological processes involved in the process of rainfall-runoff transformation in the search for optimal values of hydrological parameters the basin. Objective functions were defined and applied simultaneously in the calibration parameters. Worked with the simulation of events of low and high intensity settings for two discretization of the watershed, and other simple and subdivided into 18 sub-basins. The sensitivity analysis performed made it possible to check that the parameters that most influenced the basin were simple: Percentage of impervious area and outlet width. Regarding the results for the various watershed discretization can be seen that in most cases when working with a more detailed watershed they were better, except for some isolated events. Overall the model showed better results when high-intensity simulated events for the best compromise solutions, thus showing the importance of using a multiobjective model.
CARVALHO, M. Calibração de modelos de drenagem urbana utilizando algoritmos evolucionários multiobjetivo. 2011. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente) Escola de Engenharia Civil, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Engenharia do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2011. O presente trabalho propôs desenvolver e aplicar uma rotina de calibração de modelos hidrológicos aplicados a drenagem urbana empregando técnicas de otimização multiobjetivo. Para tornar possível a realização deste trabalho foi adotado o modelo Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) e as rotinas computacionais desenvolvidas em ambiente MATLAB, utilizando um algoritmo evolucionário. O método foi aplicado a dois diferentes níveis de detalhamento na representação da bacia do Arroio Cancela, localizada na zona urbana do município de Santa Maria-RS, na busca de valores ótimos de parâmetros hidrológicos da bacia. Foram definidas funções objetivo e aplicadas simultaneamente na calibração de parâmetros. Trabalhou-se com a simulação de eventos de baixa e alta intensidade para duas configurações de bacia hidrográfica, sendo simples e outra subdividida em 18 sub-bacias. A análise de sensibilidade realizada possibilitou a verificação de que os parâmetros que mais influenciaram na bacia simples foram: Porcentagem de área impermeável e Largura do escoamento. Em relação aos resultados para as diferentes configurações de discretização da bacia hidrográfica pode-se verificar que na maioria dos casos quando se trabalhou com uma bacia mais detalhada estes foram melhores, salvo alguns eventos isolados. No geral o modelo apresentou melhores resultados quando simulou eventos de alta intensidade para as soluções de melhor compromisso, assim mostrando a importância da utilização de um modelo multiobjetivo.
Amikiya, Emmanuel Adoliwine. "Flow and reactive transport processes in porous media." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85838.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Flow and reactive transport of chemical species is a very common phenomenon that occurs in natural and artificial systems. However in this study, the topic is related to acid mine drainage in the South African mining environment. Due to the hazards associated with acid mine drainage, prevention or treatment of mine effluent water before discharging to receiving waters and other environments is a necessity. A new time-dependent mathematical model is developed for a passive treatment method, based on multi-scale modelling of the coupled physico-chemical processes such as diffusion, convection, reactions and filtration, that are involved in the treatment process. The time-dependent model is simulated on a two-dimensional domain using finite volume discretization to obtain chemical species distributions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vloei en reagerende transport van chemiese spesies is ’n baie algemene verskynsel wat in natuurlike en kunsmatige stelsels plaasvind. In hierdie studie is die onderwerp egter verwant aan suurmyndreinering in die Suid-Afrikaanse mynbou-omgewing. As gevolg van die gevare wat verband hou met suurmyndreinering, is die voorkoming of die behandeling van die afval-mynwater voor dit in opvangswaters en ander omgewings beland ’n noodsaaklikheid. ’n Nuwe tydafhanklike wiskundige model vir ’n passiewe behandelingsmetode is ontwikkel. Dit is gebaseer op die multi-skaal modulering van gekoppelde fisies-chemiese prosesse soos diffusie, konveksie, reaksies en filtrasie, wat by die behandelingsproses betrokke is. Die tydafhanklike model word gesimuleer op ’n twee-dimensionele domein met behulp van eindige volume diskretisasie om die verspreiding van chemiese spesies te bepaal.
Van, Heerden George Adrian. "Evaluation of alternatives for hydraulic analysis of sanitary sewer systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86534.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research project focuses on sanitary sewer systems. When performing an analysis of a sewer drainage system with known constraints, an appropriate model needs to be chosen depending on the objectives of the analysis. Uncertainties are also present in the analysis of sewer drainage systems. The uncertainties and the errors in hydraulic models need to be understood and considered. The required level of accuracy and the type of hydraulic problem that needs to be solved may alter the complexity of the hydraulic model used to solve a drainage system. The wide variety of available simulation models further complicates model selection. With various models available, selecting the most appropriate model for a particular drainage system simulation is important. The various models for sewer drainage system analysis can be categorised in different ways. For example, it is possible to categorise models according to their purpose, which could be evaluation, design or planning. Evaluation models are mainly used to test whether existing systems or planned systems are adequate and require the highest hydraulic detail. Design models are used to determine the size of conduits within a drainage system and require moderate levels of hydraulic detail. Planning models are primarily used for strategic planning and decision making for urban or regional drainage systems and require the least amount of hydraulic detail. An understanding of the available models is required in order to choose the most suitable simulation model for the desired purpose. Some models are derived from the Saint-Venant equations of flow. The most detailed models are typically referred to as fully dynamic wave models and utilise all the components of the Saint-Venant flow equations. By removing terms from the Saint-Venant equations a kinematic wave model can be created. Some less complex models ignore basic principles of hydraulics in order to make assumptions that simplify the process of simulating flows. In this thesis three different models were compared: a detailed model using fully dynamic flow equations, a simplified model using kinematic wave equations and a basic model using contributor hydrograph routing equations. For the drainage system analysis SWMM-EXTRAN was used as the fully dynamic wave model, SWMM-TRANSPORT was used as the kinematic wave model and SEWSAN was used as the contributor hydrograph model. Two drainage systems situated in South Africa were used as case studies and are referred to as Drainage System A and Drainage System B in this thesis. The actual flow rate was recorded at two points with flow loggers, one in each of the two systems. The flow rate was continually recorded at 1 hour intervals for the period 1 July 2010 to 9 July 2010 in Drainage System A as well as in Drainage System B. The same input parameters were used for each model allowing the modelled flow rates to be compared to the measured flow rates. The models provided peak flow results that were within 2% of the measured peak flow rates and the modelled mean flows were within 8.5% of the measured mean flows in most situations. However, when rapidly varied flows occurred the kinematic wave and contributor hydrograph models returned conservative results as they were unable to account for hydraulic effects such as acceleration. The effect of acceleration became most pronounced up and downstream of drop structures and sections where the slope changed considerably. The kinematic wave and contributor hydrograph models were therefore unable to accurately simulate surcharge conditions. The results suggest that the fully dynamic wave model can be used in all scenarios. The kinematic wave model can be used for a design analysis if no hydraulic structures occur in the system. The contributor hydrograph model should not be used for an evaluation analysis, but can be used for a design analysis if a relatively high level of confidence in the parameter set exists and no areas of rapidly varying flow or hydraulic structures exist within the system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing projek is gefokus op riool dreineringsisteme. Wanneer ʼn analise van ʼn riool dreineringsisteem met bekende beperkinge onderneem word, moet ʼn geskikte model gekies word afhangende van die doelwitte van die analise. Onbekendes is ook teenwoordig in die analise van riool dreineringsisteme. Dit word belangrik dat die onsekerhede en die foute in hidroliese modelle moet verstaan en oorweeg word. Die verwagte vlak van akkuraatheid en die tipe hidroliese probleem wat opgelos moet word mag die ingewikkeldheid van die hidroliese probleem, wat gebruik word om ʼn rioolsisteem op te los, verander. Die wye verskeidenheid van beskikbare simulasie modelle bemoeilik verder die keuse van ʼn model. Met etlike modelle beskikbaar vir seleksie, is die mees geskikte model vir ʼn spesifieke dreineringsisteem simulasie belangrik. Die verskeie modelle vir riool dreineringsisteem analise kan op verskillende wyses gekategoriseer word. Byvoorbeeld, dit is moontlik om modelle te kategoriseer volgens hulle doel, wat evaluasie, ontwerp en beplanning kan wees. Evaluasiemodelle word hoofsaaklik gebruik om te toets of huidige of beplande sisteme voldoende is en of hulle die hoogs moontlike hidroliese besonderhede benodig. Ontwerpmodelle word gebruik om die grootte van ʼn leipyp binne ʼn rioolsisteem te bepaal en benodig matige vlakke van hidroliese besonderhede. Beplanningsmodelle word hoofsaaklik gebruik vir strategiese beplanning en besluitneming vir stedelike en landelike rioolsisteme en benodig die laagste vlak van hidroliese data. ʼn Begrip van die beskikbare modelle is nodig om ʼn keuse te maak rakende die mees geskikte simulasie model vir die verlangde doelwit. Sommige modelle is afkomstig van die Saint-Venant vergelykings van vloei. Die mees gedetailleerde modelle word tipies na verwys as die volledige dinamiese golf modelle en benut alle komponente van die Saint-Venant vloei vergelykings. Deur die verwydering van terme van die Saint-Venant vergelykings kan ʼn kinematiese golf model daargestel word. Sommige minder gekompliseerde modelle ignoreer die basiese beginsels van hidrologie om aannames te maak wat die proses van golf simulering vereenvoudig. In hierdie tesis is drie verskillende modelle vergelyk; ʼn gedetailleerde model wat volledige dinamiese vloeivergelykings gebruik; ʼn vereenvoudigde model wat kinematiese golfvergelykings gebruik en ʼn basiese model wat bydraende hidroliese versending vergelykings. Vir die dreineringsisteem analise was SWMM-EXTRAN gebruik as die volledige dinamiese golfmodel, SWMM-TRANSPORT was gebruik as die kinetiese golfmodel en SEWSAN was gebruik as die bydraende hidroliese model. Twee dreineringsisteme in Suid-Afrika was gebruik as gevallestudies en word na verwys as Dreineringsisteem A en Dreineringsisteem B. Die werklike vloeikoers was aangeteken by twee punte met vloeimeters, een in elk van die sisteme. Die vloeikoers was deurlopend opgeteken met 1 uur tussenposes vir die periode 1 Julie 2010 tot 9 Julie 2010 in Dreinering Sisteem A sowel as Dreinering Sisteem B. Dieselfde inset parameters was gebruik vir elke model wat dit moontlik gemaak het dat die gemoduleerde vloeikoerse met die gemete vloeikoerse vergelyk kon word. Die modelle het spits vloeiresultate voorsien wat binne 2% van die gemete spits vloeikoerse was en, in die meeste situasies, dat die gemoduleerde gemiddelde vloei binne 8.5% van die gemete gemiddelde vloei was. Wanneer vinnig varierende vloei voorgekom het, die kinetiese golf and bydraende hidrograaf modelle konserwatiewe resultate gelewer het, aangesien hulle nie in staat was om hidroliese effekte soos versnelling te verklaar nie. Die effek van versnelling was op sy duidelikste stroomopwaarts en stroomafwaarts onder valstrukture en by gedeeltes waar die helling aansienlik verander het. Die kinetiese golf en bydraer hidrograaf modelle was gevolglik nie in staat om oorladingsomstandighede akkuraat te simuleer nie. Die resultate wys dat die volledige dinamiese vloeimiddel gebruik kan word in alle omstandighede. Die kinematiese vloeimiddel kan gebruik word vir ʼn ontwerp analise indien geen hidroliese struktuur in die sisteem voorkom nie. Die bydraer hidrograaf model behoort nie gebruik te word vir ʼn evaluerings analise nie, maar kan gebruik word vir ʼn ontwerp analise indien ʼn relatiewe hoë vlak van vertroue in die parameter stel bestaan en geen area van vinnig veranderende vloei of hidroliese strukture binne die sisteem bestaan nie.
Vercueil, Didier. "Etude de la liquéfaction de matériaux composites sols-géotextiles : application au génie parasismique." Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10237.
Повний текст джерелаHenrichs, Malte. "Einfluss von Unsicherheiten auf die Kalibrierung urban-hydrologischer Modelle." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-181398.
Повний текст джерелаSivertun, Åke. "Geographical Information Systems (GIS) as a tool for analysis and communications of multidimensional data." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100703.
Повний текст джерелаDiss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 6 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
Hackwell, Stuart G. "Verification of an agricultural land drainage model." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61699.
Повний текст джерелаBertram, Douglas George. "Developing an integrated urban drainage model and proxy-model methodologies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6405/.
Повний текст джерелаPeyrow, Farzad. "Field testing of an agricultural land drainage computer model." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66172.
Повний текст джерелаKuhn, Eloise M. R. "Microbiology of fly ash-acid mine drainage co-disposal processes." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаLAMMALI, NASSIMA. "Recherche automatique du reseau hydrographique a l'aide du modele numerique de terrain." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30006.
Повний текст джерелаJang, Wonyong. "Unsteady Multiphase Flow Modeling of In-situ Air Sparging System in a Variably Saturated Subsurface Environment." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7517.
Повний текст джерелаDlamini, Musa V. "Short-Term Water Use Dynamics in Drainage Lysimeters." DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5877.
Повний текст джерелаHavard, Peter. "Linkflow, a linked saturated-unsaturated water flow computer model for drainage and subirrigation." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41608.
Повний текст джерелаJin, Qinghua. "GASMAK2 model for longwall gob gas emission." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2706.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 93 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72).
Surender, Damini. "Active neutralisation and amelioration of acid mine drainage with fly ash." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6989_1297416088.
Повний текст джерелаFly ash and AMD samples were characterised by standard analytical methods for selection of the test materials. Active treatment by means of mixing fly ash with AMD in beakers and a large tank at pre-determined ratios have shown that fly ash is capable of neutralising AMD and increasing the pH beyond neutral values, which optimises the removal of heavy metals and ions. The trend was: the more fly ash added the quicker was the reaction time and higher the pH values achieved. Iron was reduced by as much 99 % in beaker scale experiments via Fe(OH)3 precipitation at pH values >
4.0. A 99 % decrease in aluminium concentration was observed which was attributed to the precipitation of primarily gibbsite and various other mineral phases at pH values >
5.5. As the pH increases, sulphate is adsorbed via Fe(OH)3 and gypsum precipitation at elevated pH. Sulphate attenuation with fly ash was excellent, achieving 98 % attenuation with beaker scale experiments and 1:1 fly ash:AMD ratio. Sulphate attenuation with fly ash was comparable to membrane and ion exchange systems and exceeded the performance of limestone treatment. Except for the larger volumes of fly ash needed to neutralise the AMD, fly ash proved to be a feasible and cost efficient alternative to limestone treatment. Fly ash produced competing results to limestone concerning acidity removal and sulphate attenuation. The comparison highlighted the advantages of utilising fly ash in comparison to limestone and demonstrated its cost effectiveness. The results of this study have shown that fly ash could be successfully applied for the neutralisation of acid mine drainage (AMD) and effectively attenuate the sulphate load in the treated water. The critical parameters to this technology are the variations of chemical composition and mineralogy of fly ash, which could influence the pH, contact time of the neutralisation reaction, and the same is true if the AMD quality varies.
Lee, Seungsoo. "Study on Development of Integrated Urban Inundation Model Incorporating Drainage Systems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180480.
Повний текст джерелаMoccellin, Juliana. "Estudo da dinâmica fluvial em duas sub-bacias e proposição de cenários para a sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos no baixo Ribeira de Iguape, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13072010-145601/.
Повний текст джерелаThe twenty-first century water quality is one of the main problems of mankind as a result of mining activities, release of untreated industrial and domestic sewage, use of agrochemicals and pesticides, removal of riparian vegetation and garbage dump. Water resources management includes environmental characterization, impact assessment of activities located in influence area, to investigate the receiving body assimilative capacity, environmental monitoring and feedback management process as a whole. The purpose of this work was to study the dynamics of rivers Jacupiranguinha, Cajati city and Pariquera-Açu, Pariquera-Açu city - Brazil (Ribeira de Iguape River Basin) in different phases of the hydrological cycle, and propose scenarios to water resources sustainability of the Ribeira de Iguape basin. Water and sediment physical and chemical variables, fecal coliforms and benthic community structure of rivers were measured, besides the weather and hydrological conditions. QUAL2K model was used as a tool for simulations of different scenarios for the sub-basin of Jacupiranguinha river. The results showed that the rivers are suffering the impacts of urbanization both in relation to urban runoff as the discharge of illegal domestic effluents and those from treatment stations. This fact was noticed by water quality changes on nutrient concentrations and total and fecal coliforms. The sediments were classified as mineral formation and particle size may have contributed to the benthic community structure which was higher in Pariquera-Açu river, because of its sediment heterogeneity. Insecta was dominant and Chironomidae showed the largest absolute density of organisms. These results may indicate impairment of health of sub-basins. It could be observed through simulations that Jacupiranguinha river needs some assistance in sanitation to improve the quality of its waters and the stage of pollution exceeds the limits of river self-purification. In this case, conservation measures would no longer be sufficient, necessitating the deployment of a recovery process of the quality of these waters.
Damons, Rinaldi Eduardo. "Development of an Aspen model for the treatment of acid mine drainage." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/872.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough numerous methods exist to treat mine water that is rich in CaS04 they all have inherent disadvantages. A means of treating acid mine drainage is by forming a precipitate known as ettringite. Ettringite is a low solubility calcium hydrosulphoaluminate that is stable between pH values of 11.4 and 124. Ettringite is made up of calcium, sulphate, aluminium and a large amount of water. The formation of this precipitate is a result of calcium sulphate which is brought into contact with an aluminium containing agent. Decomposition of ettringite takes place by reducing the pH to a near neutral value. A 5 stage process is proposed to treat acid mine drainage of which the formation of ettringite forms the cornerstone of this process. The process incorporates the formation of more than one precipitate, namely; metal hydroxides, gypsum, CaS04 and CaCOJ. To facilitate the formation of ettringite, gibbsite is recycled as a result of ettringite being decomposed. The results obtained in this paper are as a result of modeling this process on an Aspen Plus simulator. The simulation package is useful for investigating how this process behaves under non-ideal conditions and under various sensitivities. The process and its behavioral patterns are also analyzed in order to ascertain its economic viability.
Harris, Deborah C. "Fremont Site Distribution in the Upper Escalante River Drainage." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2831.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSaracusa, Emily L. "A Mathematical Model for Acid Mine Drainage Removal and Iron Hydroxide Crust Formation." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1302448347.
Повний текст джерелаMambo, Mutsa Prudence. "Towards a sustainable bioprocess for the remediation of acid mine drainage." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006167.
Повний текст джерелаPuech, Christian. "Détermination des états de surface par télédétection pour caractériser les écoulements des petits bassins versants : application à des bassins en zone méditerranéenne et en zone tropicale sèche." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10175.
Повний текст джерелаGustafsson, Jacob. "Mapping drainage of the rootless shield volcano at Dimmuborgir, northern Iceland." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131405.
Повний текст джерелаMoreira, Giuliana Chaves. "Previsão de níveis fluviais em tempo atual com modelo de regressão adaptativo: aplicação na bacia do rio Uruguai." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147081.
Повний текст джерелаThis study evaluated the potential of the application of the recursive least squares technique (RLS) to adjust in real time the model parameters of the autoregressive models with exogenous variables (ARX), which consists of the upstream levels, to improve the performance of the forecasts of river levels in real time. Three aspects were studied jointly: the variation of the lead time chosen for the forecast, the variation in the proportion of controlled area in upstream basins and variation in the area of forecasting section of the basin. The research was conducted in three main dimensions: a) methodological (without recursion; with recursion; with recursion and forgetting factor); b) temporal (6 different lead times: 10, 24, 34, 48, 58 and 72 hours); and c) spatial (variation in the controlled area of the basin and the area of the basin defined by the forecast section). The study area chosen for this research was the Uruguay River basin with its outflow at the river gage station of Uruguaiana (190,000 km²) and its entrenched sub-basins in Itaqui (131,000 km²), Passo São Borja (125,000 km²), Garruchos (116,000 km²), Porto Lucena (95,200 km²), Alto Uruguai (82,300 km²), and Iraí (61,900 km²). The river levels data, with daily readings at 7am and 5pm, were provided by the Company of Mineral Resources Research (CPRM), with the data used from January 1, 1991 to June 30, 2015. We applied the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS) and the quantile 0.95 of absolute errors (EA(0,95): error has not been exceeded at the rate of 0.95) for the analysis of models performances. We observed that the errors EA(0.95) of the best models obtained for each basin always increase with the reduction of the controlled area then the quality of the forecasts decreases with displacement of the downstream control section upstream. The gain in quality of the forecasts with the use of adaptive resources becomes more evident especially when the observed values of EA(0.95) as this statistic is more sensitive with greater differences in relation to the Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (NS). Moreover, this is most representative for larger errors which occur precisely during flooding events. In general, we observed that, as much as the area of the basin decreases, it is possible to obtain forecasts with smaller lead times, but the influence of the size of the area controlled upstream basins improves the performance of smaller basins when observing, especially the errors EA (0.95). However, if the proportion of the upstream of controlled basin is already quite large - as in the case of the alternatives 1 and 2 used for forecast in Itaqui (between 88.5% and 95.4%, respectively) - the adaptive resources do not differ too much in getting better results. However, when observing basins with smaller areas controlled upstream - as is the case of Porto Lucena to alternative 2 (65% controlled area) - the performance gain of the models with the use of the complete adaptive resources (MQR+f.e.) becomes relevant.
Schober-Eimer, Anita. "Analyse de la variabilité des paramètres caractéristiques de l'hydrologie d'un bassin versant et modélisation des crues en présence de données hydrologiques succintes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10043.
Повний текст джерелаYassin, Adel Taha. "The Vertical Distribution of Salts in a Soil Profile During the Drainage Process." DigitalCommons@USU, 1986. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4642.
Повний текст джерелаAbdelnour, Alex Gabriel. "Assessing ecosystem response to natural and anthropogenic disturbances using an eco-hydrological model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42899.
Повний текст джерелаGitari, Wilson Mugera. "Evaluation of the leachate chemistry and contaminants attenuation in acid mine drainage by fly ash and its derivatives." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6041_1254305614.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aimed at understanding the chemistry of the neutralization of the acid mine drainage with fly ash by considering the acid mine drainage : fly ash ratios that produce neutral and alkaline process waters.
Meyer, Nicolas. "Evaluation de l'impact des cultures intermédiaires multi-services sur le bilan hydrique des sols : approche par expérimentation et simulation. Application au bassin Adour-Garonne." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0017.
Повний текст джерелаCover crops are one of the pillars of agroecology and can be introduced into current cropping systems without major changes. However, in a context of climate change with changing rainfall patterns, the impact of cover crops on water dynamics and balance could be negative. The Adour- Garonne basin (BAG) has problems managing the quantity and quality (nitrates, pesticides) of its water bodies. Quantifying the impact of cover crops according to their management on the soil water dynamics and balance in the BAG is therefore a crucial social and scientific issue. My objective is to evaluate the impact of cover crops on water balance and water flows at the field scale, depending on their management, and at the territorial scale, to assess the possible consequences on groundwater recharge in the event of reduced drainage. I have implemented a scientific approach combining three types of methods: meta-analysis of the scientific literature, experiments and field measurements and simulations with the STICS crops model at the plot scale, then by extrapolation to the BAG scale. I analysed the impact of cover crops on evapotranspiration, drainage, nitrate leaching, water and nitrogen content according to various factors: soil and climate, cover crops species (mixture), sowing and termination date, and residue management (returned by plough or left in mulch at the soil surface). The results indicate that cover crops reduce drainage by increasing actual evapotranspiration in a vegetative cover situation compared to a bare soil. However, if cover crops are well managed, with adaptation of the species making up the plant cover, planting and destruction dates, they do not induce water and nitrogen stress leading to lower yields of the following main crops. The generalization of cover crops throughout the BAG, without local adaptation of their management and with late termination (case of conservation agriculture), could however modify the major water cycle by increasing evapotranspiration and decreasing drainage, which is the determining process for groundwater recharge. These changes could increase the gap between growing water needs and evertightening resources in the context of climate change
Giron, Efrain. "Development of a SWMM-GIS Flood Model for New Orleans Drainage Pumping Station No 4 Basin." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/261.
Повний текст джерелаAmpofo, Edward Akwasi. "The use of numerical groundwater model to improve effectiveness of subsurface drainage system in irrigated field." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/146869/.
Повний текст джерела