Дисертації з теми "Douleur liée au cancer des os"
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Cuménal, Mélissa. "Recherche de nouvelles cibles moléculaires pour le traitement de la douleur osseuse du cancer de la prostate." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2021UCFAC114_CUMENAL.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаProstate (PCa), breast and lung cancer are often difficult to diagnose due to their initial asymptomatic nature. Rarely painful in the primary stages, these cancers have a high propensity to metastasize to the bone microenvironment. Clinically, at this stage, this translates into pain that is both very disabling and resistant to standard analgesic treatments, including morphine. The difficulty comes from the multifactorial nature of this pain, which combines nociceptive and neuropathic components. Among the factors attributed to cancer pain, an essential role is attributed to the disruption of the nervous system (peripheral and central) and to tumor growth, both of which affect the bone microenvironment.Glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter of the nervous system, has recently emerged as a potential target in the management of solid cancers, including PCa. Riluzole, an anti glutamatergic molecule, which is authorized for the treatment of ALS, has demonstrated an analgesic effect in several inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and an antiproliferative effect in vitro. Therefore, we investigated whether this molecule could have beneficial effects in the treatment of PCa-induced bone pain, and how it could influence the development of bone metastatic PCa. We used a bone pain model by intratibial injection of human PCa cells, PC3-luc cells, and administered riluzole in the drinking water. In this model, riluzole demonstrated a significant analgesic effect involving the TREK-1 channel, a selective channel for potassium ions. In addition, riluzole significantly decreased cell viability in vitro and slowed tumor growth in vivo without affecting bone remodeling. The antiproliferative effect of riluzole would imply an increase in the expression of TREK-1 channels in PC3 cells participating in their hyperpolarization.In conclusion, this work highlights the importance of riluzole as a molecule of interest for the treatment of PCa bone pain whose mechanism of action certainly involves the TREK-1 potassium channel
Trudel-Fitzgerald, Claudia. "Évaluation des symptômes liés au cancer, leur regroupement et leur trajectoire jusqu'à 18 mois après la chirurgie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24551.
Повний текст джерелаLafrance, Mylène. "Implication du récepteur NTS2 de la neurotensine dans l'analgésie liée au stress." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4020.
Повний текст джерелаGASPAR, LODS MANUELA. "Cancer des voies aero-digestives superieures et douleur." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3030.
Повний текст джерелаEhret-Dupont, Françoise. "La douleur chez l'enfant en hemato-oncologie pediatrie." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M106.
Повний текст джерелаRobitaille, Judith. "Épidémiologie de la douleur musculo-squelettique liée à l’exécution de la musique chez les étudiants d’un instrument à cordes frottées." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7709.
Повний текст джерелаGADIOLET, YVES. "La consultation antidouleur d'un centre de lutte contre le cancer : experience de 4 ans au centre leon berard." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M349.
Повний текст джерелаTAHAR, HAGGIAG ISABELLE. "Programme d'assurance qualite : prise en charge de la douleur chez le patient cancereux ou infecte par le v.i.h." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA062019.
Повний текст джерелаKYPRIANIDOU, MANTO. "Le traitement de la douleur chez les cancéreux : expérience du Profenid en intraveineux." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M186.
Повний текст джерелаChivard, Didier. "L'injection intraventriculaire de morphine dans les algies rebelles néoplasiques : à propos d'une étude sur 14 malades suivis dans le service de neuro-chirurgie du CHR de Brest de 1983 à 1986." Brest, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BRES3050.
Повний текст джерелаSiebenbour, Lydie Marie Dominique. "Action antalgique des corticostéroïdes à forte dose chez le cancéreux dépassé : à propos de 17 observations." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR1M135.
Повний текст джерелаParienté, Francis. "Patient-controlled analgésia (PCA) : place et intérêt dans la prise en charge de la douleur cancéreuse : expérience de son utilisation à la fondation Bergonié." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23067.
Повний текст джерелаJanah, Asmaa. "Accès aux traitements de la douleur après un diagnostic de cancer." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0563.
Повний текст джерелаPain is a major problem in people with cancer. It is often under-reported, under-assessed and under-treated. This thesis aims, through two quantitative and qualitative approaches, to enrich the body of knowledge on the problem of undertreatment of pain in people with cancer and to explore the role of social and medical determinants in access to opioids. The results show a still high prevalence of pain, even 5 years after diagnosis, probably due to an undertreatment by opioids. They also show significant associations between patients’ socio-demographic and medical profile and access to opioids and palliative care. Our results therefore suggest the need to take into account the multidimensional nature of pain as well as the profile of patients in order to ensure comprehensive, multidisciplinary and equitable care
Bousquet, Patrice. "Le médecin généraliste confronté à la douleur du malade cancéreux." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11273.
Повний текст джерелаLoquillard, Anne, and Hugues Loquillard. "Traitement de la douleur cancéreuse par la morphine per os : intérêt et utilisation pratique de Moscontin." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M183.
Повний текст джерелаBRUNET, EMMANUELLE. "Douleur chez l'enfant cancereux : debut d'une consultation d'analgesie dans le service d'oncologie pediatrique." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3078.
Повний текст джерелаTouati, Cohen-Coudar Corinne. "Bases pharmacologiques du traitement de la douleur chez les patients cancéreux." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P238.
Повний текст джерелаLeclercq, Alicia. "Etude pluridisciplinaire des déterminants de la fatigue liée au cancer : analyse de la cohorte BIOCARE FActory." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2023. https://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2023/2023LEMA1033.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe analysis of the determinants of Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF) in patients with breast cancer at diagnosis highlighted the importance of emotional symptoms and sleep disturbances as significant predictors of CRF. Neuromuscular fatigability and objective sleep disturbances were also associated with physical dimensions of CRF, while cognitive performance was associated with cognitive dimensions of CRF. The variability in fatigue profiles between patients highlights the need for individual and personalized approaches both in clinical practice and in research, due.Reliable tools, such as a low-cost dynamometer and a computer version of the TMT, have been developed to assess muscle strength and cognitive functionsIn conclusion, this thesis work improves the understanding of CRF, offers tools and perspectives for individualized care, aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with breast cancer
Trédan, Olivier. "Optimisation de la distribution des chimiothérapies pour contourner la résistance liée au microenvironnement tumoral." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10238.
Повний текст джерелаThere is a vast literature about mechanisms that lead to drug resistance of individual cancer cells, including drug export pumps, changes in expression of targets (such as topoisomerases) or alterations in apoptosis. A smaller number of publications has drawn attention to causes of drug resistance that depend on the solid tumour microenvironment. Drugs must penetrate the extra-vascular space to reach all of the cancer cells (including cells far from blood vessels in hypoxic condition) in sufficient concentration to cause lethal toxicity. Model systems such as multilayered cell cultures provide direct evidence of poor drug penetration through tumour tissue. In vivo techniques using quantitative immunohistochemistry allow studying drug distribution as a function of distance from the nearest blood vessel. We have evaluated the penetration of several topoisomerase inhibitors: topotecan, doxorubicine, mitoxantrone and banoxantrone (AQ4N). We have compared the distribution of these drugs through normal and tumour tissue, demonstrating the limited perivascular distribution of conventional chemotherapies in tumour. We have also showed the rapid and uniform penetration of banoxantrone. This pro-drug is reduced to AQ4 (a topoisomérase II inhibitor of similar structure to mitoxantrone) under hypoxic condition. The targeting of mitoxantrone to oxygenated regions and AQ4 to hypoxic tumour regions resulted in effective drug exposure over the entire tumour and increased tumour growth delay compared with either drug alone. Improving drug penetration and/or targeting hypoxic tumour cells may overcome chemoresistance due to the tumour microenvironment
WASNER, NATHALIE. "L'analgesie controlee par le patient dans les algies cancereuses par infusions morphiniques." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA3052.
Повний текст джерелаCARNETTE, DOMINIQUE. "La morphinotherapie intracerebroventriculaire (m. I. C. V. ) : explications fondamentales et application clinique au traitement des douleurs cancereuses : a propos de 111 patients." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M431.
Повний текст джерелаAubert, Didier. "Place actuelle de la morphine peri-medullaire dans le traitement de la douleur cancereuse." Amiens, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AMIEM118.
Повний текст джерелаRoemer-Becuwe, Célia Bey Pierre. "Traitements anticancéreux et douleurs dans le cancer du sein une revue de la littérature /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2002_ROEMER_BECUWE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMorais, Béatrice. "Prise en charge de la douleur cancéreuse : résultats d'une enquête prospective menée à l'hôpital Tenon." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P109.
Повний текст джерелаPinchon, Claude. "Place de l' alcoolisation coeliaque dans les douleurs pancréatiques néoplasiques." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF13022.
Повний текст джерелаHumbert, Nago. "Évènement, filiation et dépression : une approche psychopathologique de la douleur ou les "maux" pour le dire." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1H071.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Elodie. "Etude de l'impact des antagonistes du récepteur N-méthyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) dans la douleur neuropathique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAS012.
Повний текст джерелаN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as ketamine, dextromethorphan and memantine have gained an increasing interest in the management of neuropathic pain. In Pain Clinics, ketamine is widely used in the relief of neuropathic pain. However, its use in clinical practice is limited due to its numerous side effects. It is therefore necessary to propose to patients a drug relay with other NMDA receptor antagonists. This work is part of an academic program research dedicated to NMDA receptor antagonists in the management of neuropathic pain. Its first objective was to evaluate the antalgic effects of dextromethorphan and memantine. This randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study in 60 ketamine responder patients aimed also to assess the cognitive-emotional status of patients and their quality life. In parallel, a mechanistic study focusing on dextromethorphan was performed in 20 healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. The objective was to investigate in a freeze-injury model the pharmacokinetic and mechanistic characteristics of the anti-nociceptive, central and cognitive effects of dextromethorphan as well as the genetic polymorphism involved in its response variability.In patients, the immediate analgesic effects of ketamine were confirmed with improved anxiety and depression scores, cognitive and affective aspects of pain, and different sleep parameters. However, memantine and dextromethorphan, compared to placebo, did not significantly increase the ketamine-induced analgesia. The analysis of the genetic polymorphism did not reveal any variability in the analgesic efficacy of these treatments. In healthy volunteers, dextromethorphan revealed anti-hyperalgesic effects following peripheral and central sensitization but no analgesic effect on acute heat pain. Moreover, the variability of the anti-nociceptive activity of dextromethorphan described in the literature seems to be more related to the genetic polymorphism of the CYP2D6 gene than to that of the CYP3A4,5 and ABCB1 genes. Finally, dextrorphan, the main active metabolite of dextromethorphan, appears to be responsible for the deleterious sedative and cognitive effects of the drug. These two clinical and mechanistic approaches concerning the curative effect of the NMDA receptor antagonists showed : 1 - in patients, the prolonged curative effect of ketamine and the interest of dextromethorphan and memantine in the management of the neuropathic pain-related cognitive-emotional and quality of life impairment; 2 - in healthy volunteers, the anti-hyperalgesic efficacy of dextromethorphan on peripheral and central sensitization and its sedative and cognitive side effects. In addition to these two studies, a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical study is ongoing in 40 patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain subsequently to the treatment of breast cancer. In conclusion the assessment of the effects of dextromethorphan in two different populations led to discordant results. In the healthy volunteer, dextromethorphan exerts a marked anti-hyperalgesic effect and causes deleterious central effects. In the patient with peripheral neuropathic pain, only a trend is observed in favor of the anti-nociceptive effect of dextromethorphan given in ketamine responder patients. More studies with larger population are needed to determine the importance of the CYP2D6, CYP3A4,5 and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms on the anti-nociceptive activity of dextromethorphan. The translational approach of this thesis does not allow a firm conclusion on the clinical use of dextromethorphan in the curative treatment of chronic peripheral neuropathic pain. The use of dextromethorphan as a preventive agent via other administration routes (i.e. local) or in combination with other drugs, all require further exploration in order to improve the benefit/risk ratio of this molecule
Lapointe, Julie. "Communication intrafamiliale de l'information génétique chez les personnes testées pour une susceptibilité au cancer du sein liée aux gènes BRCA1/2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29508/29508.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLefevre, Yan. "Rôle de la glie dans la douleur chronique d'origine cancéreuse chez le rat." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22090/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work has investigated the role of glia upon pain symptoms in a well established peripheral neuropathic pain model and a bone cancer pain model. The neuropathic pain model was obtained by right L5-L6 spinal nerve ligation in male Wistar rats. Bone cancer pain was induced by injecting MRMT-1 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells into the right tibia of Sprague-Dawley female rats. Mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia were quantified using von Frey hairs and ambulatory incapacitance using dynamic weight bearing. Drugs were administered either acutely or chronically using osmotic pumps, through intrathecal catheters chronically implanted in experimental animals. Using von Frey hair stimuli, we found that transient inhibition of glia metabolism by intrathecal injection of fluorocitrate was ineffective in both models. In both models, pain symptoms required spinal NMDA receptor activation. Intrathecal administration of a single dose of D-aminoacid oxidase, which degrades D-serine, a co-agonist of NMDA receptors, reduced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats and allodynia in cancer rats. The effect of chronic fluoroacetate in neuropathic rats was reversed by acutely administered intrathecal D-serine, which had only a slight effect in cancer rats. None of these compounds altered the functional disability shown by neuropathic or cancer animals and measured by the dynamic weight bearing apparatus. These results show that neuropathic pain and cancer pains depend upon D-serine co-activation of spinal NMDA receptors but only neuropathic pain requires functional spinal cord glia in the rat. Glia may thus play different roles in the development and maintenance of chronic pain in these two situations
Alauzen, Michel. "Contribution à l'étude du syndrome de Pancoast et Tobias : à propos de 11 cas opérés." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11291.
Повний текст джерелаOtis, Valérie. "Rôle du récepteur opioïde delta dans un modèle de douleur cancéreuse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6348.
Повний текст джерелаMosquet, Guillaume. "L'analgésie post-opératoire par bupivacaïne interpleurale dans la chirurgie du cancer de l'oesophage." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3128.
Повний текст джерелаElramah, Sara. "Towards a Better Understanding of miRNA Function in Neuronal Plasticity : implications in Synaptic Homeostasis and Maladaptive Plasticity in Bone Cancer Pain Condition." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22073/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small RNA molecules (21-25nt), with a central role in RNA silencing and interference. MiRNAs function as negative regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, by binding to specific sites on their targeted mRNAs. A process results in mRNA degradation or repression of productive translation. Because partial binding to target mRNA is enough to induce silencing, each miRNA has up to hundreds of targets. miRNAs have been shown to be involved in most, if not all, fundamental biological processes. Some of the most interesting examples of miRNA activity regulation are coming from neurons. Almost 50% of all identified miRNAs are expressed in the mammalian brain. Furthermore, miRNAs appear to be differentially distributed in distinct brain regions and neuron types. Importantly, miRNAs are reported to be differentially distributed at the sub-cellular level. Recently, miRNAs have been suggested to be involved in the local translation of neuronal compartments. This has been derived from the observations reporting the presence of miRNAs and the protein complexes involved in miRNA biogenesis and function in neuronal soma, dendrites, and axons. Deregulation of miRNAs has been shown to be implicated in pathological conditions. The present thesis aimed at deciphering the role of miRNA regulation in neuronal plasticity. Here we investigated the involvement of miRNA in synaptic plasticity, specifically in homeostatic synaptic plasticity mode. In addition, we investigated the involvement of miRNAs in the maladaptive nervous system state, specifically, in bone cancer pain condition.We hypothesized that local regulation of AMPA receptor translation in dendrites upon homeostatic synaptic scaling may involve miRNAs. Using bioinformatics, qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assays, we identified several brain-specific miRNAs including miR-92a, targeting the 3’UTR of GluA1 mRNA. Immunostaining of AMPA receptors and recordings of miniature AMPA currents in primary neurons showed that miR-92a selectively regulates the synaptic incorporation of new GluA1-containing AMPA receptors during activity blockade.Pain is a very common symptom associated with cancer and is still a challenge for clinicians due to the lack of specific and effective treatments. This reflects the crucial lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer-related pain. Combining miRNA and mRNA screenings we were able to identify a regulatory pathway involving the nervous system-enriched miRNA, miR-124. Thus, miR-124 downregulation was associated with an upregulation of its predicted targets, Calpain 1, Synaptopodin and Tropomyosin 4 in a cancer-pain model in mice. All these targets have been previously identified as key proteins for the synapse function and plasticity. Clinical pertinence of this finding was assessed by the screening of cerebrospinal fluid from cancer patient suffering from pain who presented also a downregulation of miR-124, strongly suggesting miR-124 as a therapeutic target. In vitro experiments confirmed that miR-124 exerts a multi-target inhibition on Calpain 1, Synaptopodin and Tropomyosin 4. In addition, intrathecal injection of miR-124 was able to normalize the Synaptopodin expression and to alleviate the initial phase of cancer pain in mice
Ducourneau, Vincent. "Réactivité gliale et transmission glutamatergique/glycinergique spinale dans un modèle de douleur cancéreuse osseuse chez le rat : approches comportementale, immunohistochimique, moléculaire et biochimique." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22008/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe relative lack of efficiency of current treatments used to relieve bone cancer pain prompts to the identification of new molecular and/or cellular targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In that context, a large number of recent studies have suggested the involvement of glial cells, among which astrocytes and microglial cells, in the onset and maintenance of chronic pain symptoms. In few animal models of bone cancer pain, several authors have recently evidenced an increased glial reactivity in spinal cord dorsal horn, and demonstrated that preventing astrocytic reactivity was sufficient to reduce pain symptoms in these models. However, the exact relationship of glial reactivity with bone cancer pain symptoms remains poorly understood. In order to decipher this link, we have first studied the temporal development of pain symptoms, and characterized the degree of central sensitization in a rat model of bone cancer pain induced by the injection of mammary gland carcinoma cells (MRMT-1) in the tibial bone. Using radiologic assessment of tumor development, behavioral measurements to quantify evoked (von Frey hairs) and spontaneous (dynamic weight bearing) pain and immunodetection of Fos after non nociceptive palpation of cancer bearing limb, we demonstrate that animals injected with MRMT-1 cells gradually develop a bone tumor (first detectable 10 days after inoculation), a mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia (first noticeable at day 10), and later on a thermal allodynia and hyperalgesia (first detectable at day 14) as well as discomfort of the injected limb (day 14) and finally central sensitization phenomenons. Second, we have investigated the presence of structural and functional markers of spinal glial reactivity in our model of bone cancer pain. Our objectives were to date the onset of spinal glial reactivity, for microglial and astrocytic cells. Using immunohistochemical approaches, we show that none of the classical markers of astrocytic and microglial reactivity can be observed during the onset and the persistent phase of bone cancer pain whereas the markerswere easily identified in a neuropathic pain model (spinal nerve ligation). Furthermore, using molecular (qRT-PCR) as well as biochemical (Bio-Plex) approaches, we show that among the 20 structural and functional markers of glial reactivity tested, only aquaporin-4 displays increased mRNA levels in bone cancer pain model. Hence, our results suggest that astrocytes and microglial cells play different roles in bone cancer and neuropathic pain. Finally, we tried to evidence the involvement of astrocytes in bone cancer pain by characterizing glutamatergic and glycinergic synaptic transmission, both of which are heavily modulated by astrocytic environment. By quantifying mRNA levels (qRT-PCR) and measuring the level of inhibitory and excitatory amino acids (capillary electrophoresis), we show that the main actors (transporters, receptors, agonists and co-agonists) of glutamatergic and glycinergic transmissions in the spinal cord do not undergo any significant alteration in bone cancer pain conditions. We conclude that chronic painful symptoms may develop and persist (1) without any sign of astrogliosis or enhanced microglial reactivity in the spinal cord, and (2) without any alteration in the expression/levels of the main actors involved in glutamatergic and glycinergic transmission. These results therefore question the strong link that is frequently made between astrogliosis and chronic pain
Giacomoni, Caroline. "Les représentations de la maladie du cancer liée aux modes de vie et comportements à risque chez les jeunes Réunionnais." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0438.
Повний текст джерелаThe doctoral work in health anthropology ficuses on cancer representations among youth of Réunion Island. It shows the link made between lifestyles, risk behaviors and cancer disease, through several types of consumptions (food, alcohol, cannabis, tobacco) and behaviors (tanning) frequently encountered in the young population. The study seeks to identify the particularities of cancer representations in réunion context; and wants to understand how the various images linked to cancer are based, transmitted and how they take root in young healthy. If the exoticism of cancer representations is not clear, the study reveals nevertheless certain characteristics of "youth group" in which, the miscegenation of knowledge, that come from various vectors such as media, family, school, neighborhood friends, etc. , characterizes the young representational process regarding cancer in opposition traditional/modern. Moreover, it highlights the socio-cultural issues facing life-threatening cancer (calling into question the social role, the body representations facing this disease). In the end, this doctoral work provides information on society of réunion Island through the lens of cancer representations of its youth
Mariotti, Carole. "Les traversées de la Honte : des douleurs du cancer à la douleur d'exister : Tentative d'élaboration psychanalytique du concept de déportation psychique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10207.
Повний текст джерелаIs it possible to wreck a human being? Is it possible for a man to feel inhuman enough as to annihilate himself when this feeling overwhelms him? There are situations, extreme ones, unbearable and shameful life experiences that can put someone in doubt of his affiliation to humanity.Jean, Margaret and Abel are questioning their position in their relations to the others and the world when confronted to a disease disrupting their existence and to the losses it involves: lose their dignity, lose a child, lose their mother and, for some of them, lose the ignorance of the knowledge of their own death. When cancer is implemented by the Other, it can operate as a death sentence, as a certitude, as a funeral letter lingering on one’s thought up to the point to reorganize the place of the subject in his relations to the Other and the object. Clinical experience thereby demonstrates how the signifier “cancer” may drive a subject to the unbearable encounter of the Real, represented in the Imaginary in the form of a chasm, an empty space one risks to fall in, or the ticking of a bomb about to explode from minute to minute. Clinical experience also demonstrates that some metaphors are hard to admit but they should not remain in the deep limbs of thought. Beyond the cancer metaphor of a concentration camp, our work consists in bringing out a personal logical way of functioning and a subjective positioning.Through the alleys of shame, painful experiences and pain of living - which cancer disease often reactivates- we see that the path of life can be inverted. For all we are concerned, the concept of “psychical deportation” is about time inversion and a subjective reorganization which makes the suffering person say: “If I don’t die today, it will be for tomorrow”. Death is this way implemented in a subject’s field of view on his life story, darkening it in a sort of melancholisation of his existence and the presentification of his “being-toward-death”.Is it possible to wreck a man? “If this is a man”, we can imagine Primo Levi write as to ask the following hontological question: “Then what am I after enduring all that? What am I for the others as for myself? Am I a subject or an object?” He could have questioned this way the quality and the value of the human being when seeing himself in the muselmann figure. To answer to this hypothetical question, Pierre Fédida would have used the necessity of resemblance while Jacques Lacan the necessity of the language. Primo Levi could have confirmed the above positionings when meeting with Hurbinek : To be a human being, you need to be in the language; it’s necessary whether to speak or to be spoken. To devastate him, you need to extract him from the language and make him believe that he’s only that: a pariah, a piece of trash that “spoils the image ” of humanity
George, Maud Thibaut Gilbert. "La prise en charge de la douleur des gestes invasifs répétitifs en cancérologie adulte enquête dans un service de soins de suite et de réadaptation chez la femme âgée /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2002_GEORGE_MAUD.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDucroux, Laure. "Traitements des douleurs des métastases osseuses des cancers : radiothérapie métabolique." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P041.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Corinne. "Prise en charge des douleurs sévères à intenses : durogesic (R), premier antalgique majeur transdermique." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P070.
Повний текст джерелаPéters, Alice. "Le traitement de la douleur thérapeutique en milieu hospitalier: interactions quotidiennes entre soignants, patients et proches." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/238295.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kaplanski, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude des altérations génétiques associées à la cancérogenèse hépatique liée à l'infection chronique par le virus de l'hépatite B et à l'exposition aux aflatoxines." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T157.
Повний текст джерелаMorel, Véronique. "Approche translationnelle de l'impact des antagonistes du récepteur NMDA (N-méthyl-D-aspartate) dans la douleur neuropathique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM07.
Повний текст джерелаNMDA receptor antagonists are potentially interesting molecules in the management of neuropathic pain. Some of them, such as ketamine, generate numerous adverse effects, limiting their use in the clinic. Other molecules, such as memantine or dextromethorphan, have been the subject of numerous preclinical and clinical studies, the results of which, however, remain controversial. The objective of this thesis work was to determine the impact of these two molecules on neuropathic pain by evaluating their antinociceptive effects, and cellular events associated with the NMDA receptor via the phosphorylation of different residues of the NR2B subunit such as tyrosines 1336 and 1472 (pTyr 1336 NR2B and pTyr 1472 NR2B) and serine 1303 (pSer 1303 NR2B), in a model of neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation L5 in rats. Following encouraging preclinical results, a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted in 40 breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy. The objective was to evaluate whether memantine administered prior to mastectomy could prevent the development of neuropathic pain and the impairment of cognition, quality of life and sleep that accompany the management of breast cancer. In animals, it has been shown that memantine, administered prior to surgery, prevents the development of neuropathic pain symptoms and impairment of cognitive processes. Densitometric analysis of western blots showed a decrease in spinal and supraspinal expression of pTyr 1472 NR2B in the insula and hippocampus of these same animals. On the other hand, when administered post-surgically, memantine has no effect on these different parameters. Concerning dextromethorphan, preclinical results showed that curative administration of this molecule in painful animals reverses the symptoms of neuropathic pain, restores spatial memory and leads to a decrease in the spinal expression of pTyr 1336 NR2B. In the clinic, results showed at 3 months post-surgery, 1- a significant decrease in pain intensity in patients treated with memantine compared to the placebo group, 2- an improvement in neuropathic pain symptoms associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 3- an improvement in the affective component of the St. Antoine's Pain Questionnaire. However, no significant differences were observed in cognition, quality of life and quality of sleep. The study of these 2 antagonists, memantine and dextromethorphan, allowed to determine two different approaches in the management of neuropathic pain via distinct molecular targets. In animals, memantine has a preventive effect on the development of neuropathic pain and on the degradation of cognitive processes via the decrease in spinal and supraspinal expression of pTyr 1472 NR2B, while dextromethorphan has a curative effect on these same parameters via the decrease in spinal expression of pTyr 1336 NR2B. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
Iltis, Charlène. "Rôle de l’immunosurveillance des cellules sénescentes dans le cancer et le vieillissement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2020COAZ6002.
Повний текст джерелаAs life expectancy continues to increase, a large number of diseases associated with aging are emerging. They are closely linked to the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues without it being precisely known how and why this is possible. The appearance of senescent cells plays an important physiological role in development and healing, but they can also be associated with age-related diseases. Understanding how senescent cells are or are not eliminated in tissues is therefore a major challenge in order to establish new therapeutic strategies against age-related diseases. The positive influence of their experimental elimination on lifespan and age-related diseases has been demonstrated very recently in mouse models where the immune system seems to play a major role. However, the mechanisms that control the fate of senescent cells, collectively referred to as "senescent cell immunosurveillance", are still very poorly understood. During my thesis, I focused on understanding the interaction between immune cells and senescent cells and the impact of these interactions during aging.The progressive shortening of telomeric DNA at each cell cycle plays a key role in aging. Proteasome degradation of the telomeric protein TRF2 promotes the activation of DNA repair pathways leading to senescence. The situation is reversed in cancer cells where TRF2 is very often overexpressed. I have shown that the overexpression of TRF2 observed in tumors inhibits Natural Killer (NK) mediated immunosurveillance by blocking their recruitment and activity. This inhibition is mediated by Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), recruited and activated in the tumor microenvironment by a set of glycocalyx-linked genes whose expression is positively modulated by TRF2. Since TRF2 regulates tumor cell immunosurveillance by remodeling glycocalyx and TRF2 is naturally degraded at senescence, I hypothesized that the glycocalyx of the senescent cell may have immunoregulatory functions.I identified a very high expression of a ganglioside and its synthetic enzyme at replicative senescence. This over-expression is also observed in senescence induced by irradiation, DNA damage and matrix remodeling with the exception of senescence induced by the Ras oncogene (OIS). Consistent with the strong immunomodulatory capacities of gangliosides, particularly on NK cells, I observed a strong immunosuppressive function of senescent cells with an ability to functionally inhibit NK cells in vivo and in vitro, except in the case of OIS. This inhibition of functionality is strictly dependent on the expression of this ganglioside since by disabling its expression the cytotoxic activity of NK cells is restored, by shRNA, by eliminating its surface expression by enzymatic treatment or by blocking its interaction with its receptor by a monoclonal antibody. In a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis in which, as in humans, senescent cells play a role in the etiology of the disease, I have also shown that senescent cells also express this ganglioside and that its presence locally promotes the inhibition of NK cells, rendering them non-functional ex vivo against tumor cells.Overall, my results show that human and mouse senescent cells can be immunosuppressive through overexpression of this ganglioside, suggesting a cellular escape program to the immune system that may promote their accumulation and the development of pulmonary fibrosis
Al, Ahmad Nachar Baraah. "Capacité de synthèse d’ADN réduite et allongement de la phase S sont une propriété des cellules tumorales liée à un raccourcissement de leur phase G1." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT028.
Повний текст джерелаWhy solid tumours show high chromosome instability is still poorly understood. Seminal work in the host lab has shown in the yeast model system that precocious CDK activation and reduced origin licensing in G1 cause S-phase extension and chromosome rearrangements in mitosis. Since most cancer cells have genetic or epigenetic alterations in one or more G1/S cell cycle regulators that can impede origin licensing, we analysed chromosome replication dynamics in fourteen human epithelial cancer cell lines using newly developed techniques, and compared it to normal human fibroblasts, mammary and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Our results show that all cancer cells spend longer time in S phase (10-29h) than untransformed cells (7-9h). Interestingly, most cancer cell lines displayed a lower global instant density of replication forks (GIFD), partly compensated for some cell lines by increased fork velocity (FV). We define replication potency (RP = GIFD x FV) as a new descriptor of cells’ capacity to synthesize DNA that integrates this compensation mechanism, and found that it was lower for cancer cell lines.The consequences of this longer S phase on the cell cycle and mitosis were assessed by 4D microscopy. We detected mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) and chromosome segregation failures in cancer cells not treated with replication drugs, indicating constitutive chromosome instability (CIN). Importantly, the low GIFD and long S phase of pRb+ cancer cells was reversed by slightly extending G1 using low dose of the CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib. Our data strongly suggest that S-phase extension due to lowered origin licensing in G1 is a common feature and perhaps the main trigger for the genomic instability in cancer cells
Laroche, Françoise. "L’inné et l’acquis dans le développement des douleurs de l’appareil locomoteur : Comparaison de l’influence des facteurs de risque environnementaux, psychologiques, hormonaux et génétiques dans le développement d’une douleur chronique : analyse prospective des douleurs des patientes traitées par antiaromatases pour cancer du sein." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066129.
Повний текст джерелаPurpose: In this prospective multicenter study, we classified aromatase inhibitor (AI)-related pain syndromes, assessed impact on daily life and identified their predictors, for the development of more targeted prevention approaches. Patients and Methods : A one-year multicenter cohort prospective study, with six consultations with pain specialists and rheumatologists, was carried out in women with early-stage breast cancer and no pain beginning AI treatment. At initial assessment, we investigated potential clinical (demographic and psychosocial, cancer characteristics and treatment, pain, sleep, rheumatology examinations, quality of life), biological (sex hormones, vitamin D, bone biomarkers, oxidative stress, immunological and inflammatory markers), environmental and genetic (polymorphism for pain mechanisms) risk factors for pain. Results: We evaluated a cohort of 135 women for one year: 77 developed pain, leading to AI discontinuation in 12 cases. Five pain syndromes were identified: joint pain (36%), diffuse pain (22%), tendinitis (22%), neuropathic pain (9%) and mixed pain (11%), with diffuse and joint pains the most intense. Risk factors for developing pain included personnality traits, higher levels of anxiety and impaired quality of life at the initial assessment, whereas cancer characteristics, genetic background, inflammation, immunological, hormonal status and quantitative sensory testing at baseline were not significant predictors. Conclusion: For women without pain at start, there is a 59% risk of developing pain within the first year of AI treatment. Assessment should focus on five pain syndromes, to optimize analgesic management. Psychosocial factors are the principal risk factors for the development of AIrelated pain
Faury, Stéphane. "Détresse psychologique, image du corps et qualité de vie des patients atteints d’un cancer du rectum traités par chirurgie avec stomie temporaire : construction et mise à l’épreuve d’une intervention psycho-sociale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0245.
Повний текст джерелаWhile the standard treatment for rectal cancer (neoadjuvant treatment with rectal excision) has spared neither the psyche nor the body, few studies have focused on psychosocial adjustment of patients who have received this treatment. Following treatment, the body is often perceived as deviating from the norm, generating feelings of shame. The first objective of this thesis was to adapt, and validate, for the French population, a body image shame scale. The second step consisted in comparing body image shame, quality of life, body image, and psychological distress between rectal cancer patients treated by surgery with temporary stoma or local excision (a new treatment approach proposed for patients with rectal cancer after a good clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy). Since standard treatment leads to more psychosocial problems, in a third study, we examined the effects of standard treatment on psychological distress and body image. The temporary stoma period represents a specific time during which patients seem to temporarily suspend their lives. Thus, the fourth study of this thesis investigated how the role of time perspective might act as a determinant of quality of life for rectal cancer patients. The time perspective construct provides keys in order to improve quality of life of rectal cancer patients. Quality of life alterations persist several months after the end of treatments but, to date, few studies have focused on this topic. The fifth goal was to assess colorectal cancer survivors’ quality of life two years after diagnosis of colorectal cancer according to their stoma status (reversed or never formed). Participants with a reversed stoma score lower on the physical quality of life scale than participants without stoma. Patients with rectal cancer experience psychosocial challenges. To deal with these challenges, psychosocial interventions focused on emotional needs of rectal cancer patients treated by standard treatment should be proposed. There is a lack of this type of intervention for this population. The sixth purpose was to develop and test a psychosocial intervention which seems to be more in line with a preventive approach. Taken together, these works may contribute to improve the support offered to these patients, even though the importance of promoting research to deal with the psychosocial challenges of this treatment must be underlined
Garnier, Mickaël. "Modèles descriptifs de relations spatiales pour l'aide au diagnostic d'images biomédicales." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S015/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the last decade, digital pathology has been improved thanks to the advance of image analysis algorithms and calculus power. Particularly, it is more and more based on histology images. This modality of images presents the advantage of showing only the biological objects targeted by the pathologists using specific stains while preserving as unharmed as possible the tissue structure. Numerous computer-aided diagnosis methods using these images have been developed this past few years in order to assist the medical experts with quantitative measurements. The studies presented in this thesis aim at adressing the challenges related to histology image analysis, as well as at developing an assisted diagnosis model mainly based on spatial relations, an information that currently used methods rarely use. A multiscale texture analysis is first proposed and applied to detect the presence of diseased tissue. A descriptor named Force Histogram Decomposition (FHD) is then introduced in order to extract the shapes and spatial organisation of regions within an object. Finally, histology images are described by the FHD measured on their different types of tissue and also on the stained biological objects inside every types of tissue. Preliminary studies showed that the FHD are able to accurately recognise objects on uniform backgrounds, including when spatial relations are supposed to hold no relevant information. Besides, the texture analysis method proved to be satisfactory in two different medical applications, namely histology images and fundus photographies. The performance of these methods are highlighted by a comparison with the usual approaches in their respectives fields. Finally, the complete method has been applied to assess the severity of cancers on two sets of histology images. The first one is given as part of the ANR project SPIRIT and presents metastatic mice livers. The other one comes from the challenge ICPR 2014 : Nuclear Atypia and contains human breast tissues. The analysis of spatial relations and shapes at two different scales achieves a correct recognition of metastatic cancer grades of 87.0 % and gives insight about the nuclear atypia grade. This proves the efficiency of the method as well as the relevance of measuring the spatial organisation in this particular type of images
Bruno, Céline. "Etude des mécanismes de transmission de dérégulations épigénétiques : analyse de la transmission spermatique chez l'homme." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCI002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe notion that environmental exposure can be memorized and promote epimutation (defined as defects on DNA methylation) raises the question of possible epigenetic transgenerational transmission in humans. To address whether an epimutation could be transmitted in humans, we pursued two axes. First, the evaluation of intergenerational transmission in the family of a Silver-Russell patient has shown, for the first time, the efficiency of epigenetic reprogramming in humans, specifically on imprinted regions. Indeed, no imprinted defect on causal H19/IGF2 locus was detected in the patient’s spermatozoa or in the DNA of his daughter. The second axis was to assess the presence of sperm epimutations 1/ from fathers of children diagnosed with imprinted syndromes and 2/ from men presenting testicular seminoma. Pyrosequencing analyses on imprinted genes did not reveal any alteration of sperm DNA methylation, though we confirmed an association between oligozoospermia and sperm imprinting defects.The next step will be to identify the mechanisms involved in the origin of the sperm epimutation. The main hypotheses converge to small non-coding RNAs or certain DNA regions which escape to controls setting up (at least partially) at the time of epigenetic reprogramming
Richieri, Raphaëlle. "Substrats neuro-fonctionnels de la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétitive dans la dépression pharmaco-résistante." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5026.
Повний текст джерелаTreatment-resistance is a common outcome of a major depressive episode. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been put forward as a new technique to treat this debilitating illness. The first objective of our thesis was to characterize the functional substrates of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) using SPECT technique, in order to identify specific patterns of brain abnormalities. In a second part, based on existing work on the antidepressant mechanisms of rTMS, we investigated the predictive value of two neurofunctional biomarkers: SPECT and EEG. Finally, we studied brain SPECT perfusion changes underlying therapeutic efficiency and improvement of quality of life, as currently recommended. Our results showed the existence of a common pattern of brain perfusion in treatment-resistant patients involving the fronto-temporal regions and the cerebellum, regardless the type of depression. At baseline, SPECT brain perfusion and alpha EEG band power could predict individual clinical improvement in TRD-patients treated with rTMS. Regardless the stimulated side, the antidepressant efficacy of rTMS consisted in similar changes in cerebral perfusion. Finally, our results have identified distinct dysfunctional brain regions and confirm the interest of a complementary approach to depression, by assessing quality of life
Gagnon, Claudelle. "Processus de détermination d'un plan de traitement d'une plaie néoplasique liée à un cancer du sein par les infirmières pratiquant au Québec." Thèse, 2021. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9691/1/eprint9691.pdf.
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