Статті в журналах: "Douglas"

1

Stothard, John. "Douglas (Dougal) Mckenzie Caird." Journal of Hand Surgery 16, no. 3 (June 1991): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(91)90077-2.

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2

Hadfield, James S., and Paul T. Flanagan. "Dwarf Mistletoe Pruning May Induce Douglas-Fir Beetle Attacks." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/15.1.34.

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Abstract Fresh attacks of Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii) by Douglas-fir beetles (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) were found in a campground that had trees pruned to remove Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) infections. All Douglas-firs with a diameter at breast height (dbh) of at least 12.7 cm were examined. Beetle attacks were found on 41% of the pruned trees and 5% of the unpruned trees. Among pruned trees, both the average number of branches pruned and the average dbh were greater in trees attacked by Douglas-fir beetles than in unattacked trees. West. J. Appl. For. 15(1):34-36.

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3

Biddle, Jeff. "Retrospectives: The Introduction of the Cobb–Douglas Regression." Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.2.223.

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At the 1927 meetings of the American Economic Association, Paul Douglas presented a paper entitled “A Theory of Production,” which he had coauthored with Charles Cobb. The paper proposed the now familiar Cobb–Douglas function as a mathematical representation of the relationship between capital, labor, and output. The paper's innovation, however, was not the function itself, which had originally been proposed by Knut Wicksell, but the use of the function as the basis of a statistical procedure for estimating the relationship between inputs and output. The paper's least squares regression of the log of the output-to-capital ratio in manufacturing on the log of the labor-to-capital ratio—the first Cobb–Douglas regression—was a realization of Douglas's innovative vision that a stable relationship between empirical measures of inputs and outputs could be discovered through statistical analysis, and that this stable relationship could cast light on important questions of economic theory and policy. This essay provides an account of the introduction of the Cobb–Douglas regression: its roots in Douglas's own work and in trends in economics in the 1920s, its initial application to time series data in the 1927 paper and Douglas's 1934 book The Theory of Wages, and the early reactions of economists to this new empirical tool.

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4

James, Peter W. "Obituary Thomas Douglas (Dougal) Victor Swinscow." Lichenologist 25, no. 04 (October 1993): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282993000519.

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5

James, Peter W. "Obituary Thomas Douglas (Dougal) Victor Swinscow." Lichenologist 25, no. 4 (October 1993): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1993.1008.

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6

Gaiter, Colette. "Visualizing a Black Future: Emory Douglas and the Black Panther Party." Journal of Visual Culture 17, no. 3 (December 2018): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412918800007.

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In the post-Civil Rights late 1960s, the Black Panther Party (BPP) artist Emory Douglas created visual messages mirroring the US Western genre and gun culture of the time. For black people still struggling against severe oppression, Douglas’s work metaphorically armed them to defend against daily injustices. The BPP’s intrepid and carefully constructed images were compelling, but conversely, they motivated lawmakers and law enforcement officers to disrupt the organization aggressively. Decades after mainstream media vilified Douglas’s work, new generations celebrate its prescient activism and bold aesthetics. Using empathetic strategies of reflecting black communities back to themselves, Douglas visualized everyday superheroes. The gun-carrying avenger/cowboy hero archetype prevalent in Westerns did not transcend deeply embedded US racial stereotypes branding black people as inherently dangerous. Douglas helped the Panthers create visual mythology that merged fluidly with the ideas of Afrofuturism, which would develop years later as an expression of imagined liberated black futures.

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7

Benetti, Liliane. "Samuel Beckett e Stan Douglas: aproximações pontuais." Eutomia 1, no. 20 (February 19, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.19134/eutomia-v1i20p139-152.

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Este texto parte de pistas deixadas em Goodbye Pork-Pie Hat (1988), ensaio do artista visual canadense Stan Douglas sobre Film e as peças para televisão de Samuel Beckett, e pretende discutir a recorrência de alguns procedimentos beckettianos na produção de Douglas, especialmente nas séries Television Spots (1987-88) e Monodramas (1991). Palavras-chave: Samuel Beckett; peças para TV; artes visuais contemporâneas; multimídia Abstract: This short text has as its starting point some clues left in Goodbye Pork-Pie Hat (1988), essay by Canadian visual artist Stan Douglas on Film and TV pieces by Samuel Beckett, and aims to discuss the recurrence of Beckett’s procedures in Douglas's production, especially in Television Spots (1987-88) and Monodramas (1991).Keywords: Samuel Beckett; television pieces; contemporary visual arts; multimedia

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8

NAKAJIMA, Takahito. "The Douglas–Kroll Approach." Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan 13, no. 1 (2014): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2477/jccj.2013-0014.

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9

BASTIEN, J. Ch, B. ROMAN-AMAT, and D. MICHAUD. "Douglas." Revue Forestière Française, S (1986): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/25698.

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10

Sandoval, Cristina P., and Vernon R. Vickery. "TIMEMA DOUGLASI (PHASMATOPTERA: TIMEMATODEA), ANEW PARTHENOGENETIC SPECIES FROM SOUTHWESTERN OREGON AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES." Canadian Entomologist 128, no. 1 (February 1996): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent12879-1.

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AbstractTimema douglasi sp.nov. is described from southwestern Oregon and northern California, USA. It is the third parthenogenetic species in the genus and is a specialist feeder on old-growth Douglas fir, occasionally causing serious defoliation. Timema knulli Strohecker is synonymized with Timema californicum Scudder.

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11

Wallace, Jennifer. "Beachy Head, Ancient Barrows and the ‘Alembic’ of Romantic Archaeological Poetics." Romanticism 29, no. 1 (April 2023): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2023.0578.

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This article identifies for the first time the ‘lone antiquary’, which Charlotte Smith refers to in her poem Beachy Head, as Rev. James Douglas, one of the most significant and interesting early archaeological writers. My contention is that not only do Douglas’s specific findings and theories about stratigraphy, fossilisation and the culture of Britain’s earliest inhabitants contribute to the historical, antiquarian background to Smith’s poem but also that the transformative nature of his poetics informs her work. In particular, both Douglas and Smith are concerned with the relationships between facts and fancy, rubble and aura, scepticism and belief. I argue that the barrows, which Douglas excavated and upon which Smith mused, were an important site for the development of the Romantic archaeological imagination and, as such, represent a suggestive contribution to the new Material Romanticism critical turn.

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12

Shaw, Tony, and Giora Goodman. "Star power: Kirk Douglas, celebrity activism and the Hollywood-Israel connection." Historical Research 93, no. 259 (January 21, 2020): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htz006.

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Abstract This article scrutinizes the actor Kirk Douglas’s pro-Israeli advocacy over six decades, both on the screen and off it, setting this within the contexts of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the links between Hollywood and Zionism. It looks at why and how Douglas supported Israel and considers what the star’s advocacy says about the history of celebrity activism and the interconnections between the American Jewish community, Hollywood and Israel. The article argues that Douglas was a major player in the special relationship that developed between Hollywood and Israel after 1948, one that, despite recent troubles, endures to this day.

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13

Blaney, Sean, Gart Bishop, Stephen Clayden, and James Goltz. "A substantial eastern disjunction of Douglas’ Knotweed (<i>Polygonum douglasii</i> Greene, Polygonaceae) in New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 137, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v137i1.3115.

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We report an isolated population of the native annual Douglas’ Knotweed (Polygonum douglasii Greene) from a dry, south-facing outcrop of conglomerate and sandstone at Big Bluff, near Sussex Corner, New Brunswick, Canada, consisting of about 2500 plants in 2018 and 2022. This occurrence is disjunct by ~450 km from the eastern limit of the known range of Douglas’ Knotweed in southwestern Maine, USA. The nearest known occurrence in Canada is in southern Quebec, ~660 km from Big Bluff. Several lines of evidence indicate that the population in New Brunswick is native. New state records for Wisconsin and Alaska found in online data sources are also verified.

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14

Dickerman, Leah. "Aaron Douglas and Aspects of Negro Life." October 174 (December 2020): 126–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00411.

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In 1934, Aaron Douglas created an epic four-panel mural series, Aspects of Negro Life (1934), for the branch library on 135th Street in Manhattan, now the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. The panels answered a call, issued by the first major program for federal support of the arts in the United States, to represent “an American scene.” In them, Douglas traced the trajectory of African American history in four stages and across two mass migrations: from Africa into enslavement in America; through Emancipation and Reconstruction; into the modern Jim Crow South; and then northward with the Great Migration to Harlem itself. The narrative Douglas constructed was remarkable in both its historical sweep and as a story of America seen through Black eyes. This essay explores how Douglas's approach to the trenchant and understudied Aspects of Negro Life panels was shaped by rich conversations across a decade-about what it meant to be Black in America, how the “African” in “African-American” was to be understood, and what a distinctly African-American modernism might be-with an interdisciplinary nexus of thinkers, activists, and artists that included W. E. B. Du Bois; a co-founder of the NAACP and co-editor of the Crisis, sociologist Charles S. Johnson; poet-activist James Weldon Johnson; bibliophile Arturo Schomburg; and philosopher-critic Alain Locke. Looking at Douglas's visual narrative in this context offers insight into how parallel practices of archive-building, art making, history writing, and criticism came together not only to shape a vision of America but also to champion a model of Black modernism framed through diaspora.

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15

Zaloom, Caitlin. "Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger (1966)." Public Culture 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-8090159.

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Mary Douglas’s masterpiece Purity and Danger holds a troubled place in the social sciences and humanities. Both classic and cast out, the book’s analysis cannot be ignored. In fact, Douglas’s thesis, “Dirt is matter out of place,” can help explain the fate of the very book that made it famous. Purity and Danger presents a probing cultural analysis. Douglas argued that social systems should be understood by what they expel but also that the true power of dirt lies in the acts of cleansing. Cultural upheaval, decolonization, and war together appeared to render Douglas’s interest in social stability naive, however, and Purity and Danger languished following its publication in 1966. Today’s politics of purity, from white nationalism to rule by imprisonment, makes Purity and Danger more necessary than ever. The tension between the search for human universals and the social and historical particularism at its heart continues to haunt social inquiry today.

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16

MacCrindle, Sheila. "Douglas Gibson." Musical Times 126, no. 1709 (July 1985): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/964342.

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17

Linda Wang. "Douglas Henderson." C&EN Global Enterprise 99, no. 11 (March 29, 2021): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09911-obits6.

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18

Monnazzi, Marcelo Silva, and Maurício Bento da Silva. "Douglas Sinn." Revista Dental Press de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial 9, no. 2 (May 2004): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-54192004000200002.

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19

Campbell, James. "Douglas Greenlee." Newsletter of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy 27, no. 83 (1999): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/saap199927837.

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20

Matterson, Stephen. "Douglas' Vergissmeinnicht." Explicator 45, no. 2 (January 1987): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00144940.1987.9938657.

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21

Gulland, A. "Andrew Douglas." BMJ 348, mar10 6 (March 10, 2014): g1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1663.

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22

Head, Mike. "Douglas Anderson." Library Review 47, no. 2 (March 1998): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242539810369936.

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23

Parks, G. "Douglas Roy." BMJ 327, no. 7424 (November 15, 2003): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7424.1170.

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24

Berner, R. L., and Stephan Gray. "Douglas Blackburn." World Literature Today 59, no. 2 (1985): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40141649.

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25

McCluskey, U., and C. Clulow. "Douglas Haldane." BMJ 345, oct05 1 (October 5, 2012): e6616-e6616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e6616.

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26

Bottomore, Stephen. "Douglas Fairbanks." Early Popular Visual Culture 10, no. 1 (February 2012): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460654.2012.646766.

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27

Wilkinson, Greg. "Douglas Bennett." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 10 (October 1994): 622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.10.622.

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28

Shetty, Priya. "Douglas Young." Lancet 366, no. 9492 (October 2005): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67468-5.

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29

Crompton, G. "Douglas Harrett." BMJ 337, jul02 1 (July 2, 2008): a552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a552.

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30

Douglas-Ohren, P. "John Douglas." BMJ 340, apr26 2 (April 26, 2010): c2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c2256.

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31

Bailey, Jeremy D. "Jaffa’s Douglas." American Political Thought 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/724495.

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32

Hathaway, Noel A., Stephen L. Love, and Robert R. Tripepi. "Micropropagation methodology for Douglas Maple (Acer glabrum var. douglasii)." Native Plants Journal 21, no. 3 (2020): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/npj.21.3.359.

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33

Cảnh, Trần Quang, та Vũ Trực Phức. "Hàm Cobb-Douglas hay hàm Translog? Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm tại Việt Nam". TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC ĐẠI HỌC MỞ THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH - KINH TẾ VÀ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH 17, № 4 (24 березня 2023): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.vi.17.4.1886.2022.

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Trong kinh tế học và kinh tế lượng, hàm sản xuất Cobb-Douglas và hàm Translog thường được sử dụng rộng rãi để biểu thị mối quan hệ kỹ thuật giữa lượng của hai hoặc nhiều yếu tố đầu vào và lượng đầu ra. Tuy nhiên, theo khảo lược từ các nghiên cứu trước thì đa phần đều sử dụng hàm Cobb-Douglas, cũng có một số nghiên cứu sử dụng hàm Translog hoặc cả hai hàm trong một nghiên cứu. Tuy nhiên, việc so sánh kết quả phân tích của hai dạng hàm này hầu như chưa được đề cập đến. Bài viết này sử dụng số liệu thống kê đầu vào là GDP Việt Nam từ 2009 - 2019, thực hiện phân tích bằng cả hai hàm Cobb-Douglas và Translog. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy từ việc so sánh độ lệch chuẩn, so sánh đồ thị giá trị dự báo với đồ thị của giá trị thực tế và các chỉ số Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Abs. Percent Error (MASE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Theil Inequality Coefficient (Theil) đều thể hiện kết quả dự báo bằng hàm Translog cho kết quả đáng tin cậy hơn so với dự báo bằng hàm Cobb-Douglass.

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34

Ross, Darrell W., Tiffany A. Neal, and Kimberly F. Wallin. "Role of 3-Carene in Host Location and Colonization by Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Environmental Entomology 51, no. 1 (October 26, 2021): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab117.

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Abstract The Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) occasionally colonizes western larch [Larix occidentalis Nutt. (Pinales: Pinaceae)] growing in close proximity to its primary host, Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinales: Pinaceae)], but brood have never been found to survive in live western larch. Western larch produces the monoterpene 3-carene in higher concentrations than Douglas-fir. In this study, the toxicity and repellency of 3-carene to Douglas-fir beetle was evaluated in a series of laboratory and field tests. In a laboratory bioassay, 3-carene was one of the most toxic monoterpenes to Douglas-fir beetles among those tested. In a field trial, addition of 3-carene to multiple-funnel traps baited with frontalin (the primary component of Douglas-fir beetle aggregation pheromone) or frontalin and α-pinene significantly reduced the number of Douglas-fir beetles collected. In another field study, live western larch, felled western larch, live Douglas-fir, felled Douglas-fir, and live Douglas-fir surrounded by 3-carene releasers were baited with Douglas-fir beetle aggregation pheromones. There were significantly fewer Douglas-fir beetle entrance holes and egg galleries excavated on both live western larch and live Douglas-fir surrounded by 3-carene compared with live Douglas-fir. Most egg galleries excavated in live western larch were heavily impregnated with resin and no eggs hatched. There were no significant differences in egg galleries excavated or eggs hatched between felled western larch and felled Douglas-fir. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that 3-carene slows the colonization process in live western larch allowing more time for host trees to respond to a colonization attempt and a higher likelihood of successfully resisting infestation.

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35

Tschopp, Tobias, Rolf Holderegger, and Kurt Bollmann. "Auswirkungen der Douglasie auf die Waldbiodiversität." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 166, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2015.0009.

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Effects of Douglas fir on forest biodiversity Under climate change, forestry in Switzerland promotes the increased cultivation of exotic Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), as Douglas fir is more drought-resistant than native spruce. However, nature conservation organisations fear that enhanced planting of Douglas fir will negatively affect biodiversity and that Douglas fir has invasive potential. Based on the existing scientific and grey literature, we compile the present knowledge on the effects on forest habitats and biodiversity and the invasiveness of Douglas fir in Central Europe. The cultivation of Douglas fir does not seem to have any additional negative effects on soils as compared to native conifers, and its effects on biodiversity are diverse and often inconsistent. Overall, there is often a shift in species composition and in the dominance ratio for most studied groups of organisms (e.g. fungi, plants, arthropods, birds) in Douglas fir stands. Although natural regeneration of Douglas fir does occur in many regions of Central Europe, its extent, site-specificity and frequency and, therefore, the invasiveness of Douglas fir are not yet clear. We identified the following knowledge gaps: 1) Douglas fir should be studied along mixture gradients with other tree species, especially beech, in order to determine threshold values at which negative effects of biodiversity begin to appear. 2) The effects of Douglas fir on Red List, priority or characteristic forest species have not yet been thoroughly evaluated. 3) Frequency of natural regeneration and dispersal potential of Douglas fir in Central Europe should be assessed. Filling these knowledge gaps will allow a more reliable and integral assessment of the biodiversity effects of Douglas fir and its invasive potential.

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36

Rees, D., and R. Y. Sharp. "Douglas Geoffrey Northcott. 31 December 1916 — 8 April 2005." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 53 (January 2007): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2007.0010.

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Douglas Northcott was born Douglas Geoffrey Robertson, the son of Geoffrey Douglas Spence Robertson, who was an electrical engineer, and Clara Freda Behl. Geoffrey Robertson was killed in an accident soon after the young Douglas was born; Douglas was about 2 years old when his mother married Arthur Hugh Kynaston Northcott, and he grew up not knowing of his mother's remarriage. It was only in his teens that Douglas learnt that Arthur Northcott was, in fact, his stepfather; Douglas changed his surname by deed poll in 1935, and he always felt himself to be part of the Northcott family and referred to Arthur Northcott as his father.

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37

Collins, Bruce. "The Lincoln–Douglas Contest of 1858 and Illinois' Electorate." Journal of American Studies 20, no. 3 (December 1986): 391–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800012743.

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Who won the Lincoln–Douglas election of 1858? is a question that has frequently been pondered by historians. This is not surprising, since the campaign of 1858 in Illinois was, in David Potter's words, “perhaps the most famous local political contest in American history.” It made Abraham Lincoln'snationalreputation, though Lincoln had enjoyed strong support in his run for the Senate in 1855, and had been a respectable midwestern candidate for the Republicans' vice-presidential nomination in 1856. It also confirmed Senator Stephen A. Douglas's differences with the national Democratic Party under President James Buchanan's leadership. The acrimonious division among Illinois' Democrats between Douglasites and Buchanan's followers in 1858 prefigured a wider struggle throughout the northern Democratic Party during the two following years, a struggle which, to some of his party rivals' surprise, Douglas won by a huge margin. Because both men achieved their parties' presidential candidacy in 1860, it is easy to accept the force of Don E. Fehrenbacher's conclusion: “The Lincoln–Douglas campaign of 1858 proved to be a contest without a real loser…. The momentum gathered in their contest for a Senate seat carried both Lincoln and Douglas to the threshold of the White House, but only one could enter.” What is less obvious is how Illinois' electorate responded to the rhetoric so plentifully presented to them and how far the debate over sectional issues subsumed all other political questions in 1858.

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38

Zimon, Kathy. "THE ARCHITECTURE OF DOUGLAS CARDINAL. Trevor Boddy , Douglas Cardinal." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 9, no. 3 (October 1990): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.9.3.27948258.

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39

Harris, Edward L. "Toward a Grid and Group Interpretation of School Culture." Journal of School Leadership 5, no. 6 (November 1995): 617–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268469500500605.

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Mary Douglas's typology, using grid and group dimensions, provides a means to classify and compare social environments in terms of their differing cultural constraints on individual autonomy. This article uses the Douglas typology to examine the grid and group characteristics of four diverse schools to determine the framework's applicability to educational settings.

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40

Liu, Huaifu, and Xiaohuan Mo. "Finsler Warped Product Metrics of Douglas Type." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 62, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2017-077-0.

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AbstractIn this paper, we study the warped structures of Finsler metrics. We obtain the differential equation that characterizes Finsler warped product metrics with vanishing Douglas curvature. By solving this equation, we obtain all Finsler warped product Douglas metrics. Some new Douglas Finsler metrics of this type are produced by using known spherically symmetric Douglas metrics.

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41

Blakeway, Amy. "The attempted divorce of James Hamilton, earl of Arran, Governor of Scotland." Innes Review 61, no. 1 (May 2010): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2010.0001.

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This article examines the little-known 1544 attempt by James Hamilton, earl of Arran and then Governor of Scotland (future duke of Châtelherault) to divorce his wife, Margaret Douglas, eldest daughter of James Douglas, earl of Morton. It is concluded that Arran's failed divorce does not provide an explanation for his ‘godly fit’ of 1543, and that his actions were not motivated by the desire for an heir. Rather, Arran sought to maintain his children's legitimacy whilst gaining the freedom to take a new wife. The article explores the possibility that in this context, Margaret Douglas's poor mental health may have been a motivating factor behind the divorce attempt. Taking the failed divorce attempt as a starting point, the article moves on to re-consider the subsequent relationship between Arran and his wife's kin. It is argued that the marriage of Margaret's youngest sister, Elizabeth, to James Douglas, the nephew of the earl of Angus and future regent Morton, placed Arran and his brother-in-law in a position of heightened competition. This rivalry over landed interests underscored and exacerbated political tensions between the two men, serving to fuel one of the most potent noble rivalries in sixteenth-century Scotland.

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42

Lavadinovic, Vera, Vasilije Isajev, Zoran Miletic, and Milun Krstic. "Variability of nitrogen content in the needles of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mir/Franco) provenances." Genetika 43, no. 2 (2011): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1102407l.

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Nitrogen content in the needles of twenty Douglas-fir provenances, originating from different sites within the native range of the species in the USA, was studied in a Douglas-fir provenance test established at the montane beech site on acid brown soil. Based on the variability of nitrogen content in the needles, the intensity and dynamics of the physiological processes of Douglas-fir mineral nutrition were analyzed as the indicators of Douglas-fir adaptive potential to the sites in Serbia. All the trees of the study provenances were of the same age and grown under the same site and population conditions. The quantities of nitrogen absorbed in Douglas-fir needles were correlated with the geographical characteristics of the native sites of the observed provenances. The differences in nitrogen content in Douglas-fir needles point out the variability in the intensity of the physiological processes in the genotypes of the different provenances. Since the study Douglas-fir trees are cultivated on relatively small areas, in more or less equal general conditions, it can be concluded that the parameters of mineral nutrition depend on the genotypes constituting the gene pool of the study Douglas-fir provenances.

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43

Shainsky, Lauri J., and Steven R. Radosevich. "Analysis of Yield-Density Relationships in Experimental Stands of Douglas-Fir and Red Alder Seedlings." Forest Science 37, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 574–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/37.2.574.

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Abstract Seedlings of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) were planted into a two-species density matrix composed of five monoculture densities and mixed stands with all possible pairwise combinations of the monoculture densities. Regression equations were fit to the response of mean tree stem volume to the two species' densities generated in this matrix. Regression coefficients quantifying the intensity of competition indicated that alder density had approximately twice the effect of Douglas-fir density on individual tree stem volume of both species. The densities of the two species had a multiplicative effect on mean tree stem volume. In addition, the effects of alder and Douglas-fir densities on tree size were interdependent. The effects of alder density on stem volume varied with Douglas-fir density and declined as Douglas-fir density increased. Similarly, the effects of Douglas-fir density on stem volume varied with alder density. The interdependency between the two species' densities resulted in an unusual pattern in which Douglas-fir individual stem volume increased as Douglas-fir density increased at high densities of alder. For. Sci. 37(2):574-592.

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44

Grotta, Amy T., Barbara L. Gartner, and Steven R. Radosevich. "Influence of species proportion and timing of establishment on stem quality in mixed red alder Douglas-fir plantations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-259.

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The relationships among stand structure, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) branch characteristics, and red alder (Alnus rubra (Bong.)) stem form attributes were explored for 10- to 15-year-old trees growing in mixed Douglas-fir red alder plantations. Treatments included a range of species proportions, and red alder was either planted simultaneously with Douglas-fir or after 5 years. Both replacement effects (total stand density held constant) and additive effects (stand density doubled) of competition were considered. When the two species were planted simultaneously and red alder proportion was low, red alder trees had low crown bases and much stem defect (lean, sweep, and multiple stems). Douglas-fir grew slowly when the two species were planted simultaneously. When red alder planting was delayed, species proportion did not affect red alder stem form, and height to the base of the Douglas-fir live crown decreased with increasing red alder proportion. Doubling Douglas-fir density increased the height to the base of the Douglas-fir live crown; however, doubling stand density by adding red alder did not affect Douglas-fir crown height. Douglas-fir lumber coming from mixed stands may be inferior because of the changes in knot characteristics associated with these different patterns of crown recession. In stands with a low proportion of red alder, red alder product recovery may be compromised because of the stem defects described above.

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45

Hood, Sharon, and Barbara Bentz. "Predicting postfire Douglas-fir beetle attacks and tree mortality in the northern Rocky Mountains." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 6 (June 2007): 1058–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-313.

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Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were monitored for 4 years following three wildfires. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop models predicting the probability of attack by Douglas-fir beetle ( Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, 1905) and the probability of Douglas-fir mortality within 4 years following fire. Percent crown volume scorched (crown scorch), cambium injury, diameter at breast height (DBH), and stand density index for Douglas-fir were most important for predicting Douglas-fir beetle attacks. A nonlinear relationship between crown scorch and cambium injury was observed, suggesting that beetles did not preferentially attack trees with both maximum crown scorch and cambium injury, but rather at some intermediate level. Beetles were attracted to trees with high levels of crown scorch, but not cambium injury, 1 and 2 years following fire. Crown scorch, cambium injury, DBH, and presence/absence of beetle attack were the most important variables for predicting postfire Douglas-fir mortality. As DBH increased, the predicted probability of mortality decreased for unattacked trees but increased for attacked trees. Field sampling suggested that ocular estimates of bark char may not be a reliable predictor of cambium injury. Our results emphasize the important role of Douglas-fir beetle in tree mortality patterns following fire, and the models offer improved prediction of Douglas-fir mortality for use in areas with or without Douglas-fir beetle populations.

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46

Mercado, Javier E., Robert T. Walker, Scott Franklin, Shannon L. Kay, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, and S. Karen Gomez. "Xylem Traumatic Resin Duct Formation in Response to Stem Fungal Inoculation in Douglas-Fir and Lodgepole Pine." Forests 14, no. 3 (March 3, 2023): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14030502.

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Xylem traumatic resin ducts (TRDs) in Douglas-fir form in response to mechanical injury, fire, and root pathogens, but it is unknown if these form at the stem in response to bark-beetle-associated fungi. Meanwhile, TRDs are rarely documented in lodgepole pine. In the southern Rocky Mountains, TRD formation in the two species from sterile (Control) and fungal inoculation treatments (Aggressive, Weak (Douglas-fir only)) were compared; predicting the following: (1) both trees would produce TRDs in response to fungal treatments; (2) in Douglas-fir, Aggressive treatment would promote denser and larger TRDs than Weak or Control treatments; and (3) interspecifically, Douglas-fir would produce a higher density of TRDs than lodgepole pine in Aggressive treatments. Two months post-treatment, the position of TRDs indicated these were only induced on all Douglas-fir treatments. Aggressive and Weak treatments had similar responses, except a second TRD line formed in two Douglas-fir Aggressive treatments. Douglas-fir produced >7× more resin ducts that were twice the size of those in lodgepole pine. Douglas-fir’s stronger induced response indicates better resistance traits against bark beetle fungal associate colonization. Understanding the characteristics of TRD produced in reaction to specific damage in Douglas-fir can improve past disturbance reconstructions and explain interspecific tree response differences conducive to bark beetle resistance.

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47

Brophy, James. "Cynic and Lyric Balanced." Twentieth-Century Literature 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-8196696.

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The war poet Keith Douglas wrote in 1943 that he sought a “balanced style” where “cynic and lyric” might meet. In focusing on a set of four poems that he had written in May and June of that year—“Vergissmeinnicht,” “Aristocrats,” “How to Kill,” and “Enfidaville”—I propose that the cynic and lyric met for Douglas as two forms of special knowing, the “combat gnosticism” of war poetry, and a parallel gnosticism in love lyric. Each proposes that a special experience can utterly transform a subject: the soldier’s kind of knowing transformed by battle experience, and the lover’s by the experience of a beloved’s body. Douglas’s poetry arrives at the balancing of cynic and lyric, then, by confusing and conflating these special gnostic conditions, and its resonant image is the battlefield corpse conflated with the lover in repose.

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48

Moore, James A., Peter G. Mika, and Terry M. Shaw. "Root Chemistry of Mature Douglas-Fir Differs by Habitat Type in the Interior Northwestern United States." Forest Science 46, no. 4 (November 1, 2000): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/46.4.531.

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Abstract Carbon compound concentrations in plant tissues depend on the environment in which plants grow. However, little is known about how these concentrations vary across a range of forest environmental conditions. Our study examined root tissue (phloem, cambium, phellum, and phello-derm) collected from naturally regenerated mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Bessn.] Franco) trees in eight stands on three habitat type series encompassing a range of temperature and moisture conditions. The objective was to determine root chemical composition (sugar, starch, phenol, and tannin) differences among the habitat types. Douglas-fir roots collected from dry, warm Douglas fir habitat types had sugar concentrations of 4% compared to 3% for roots from cool, moist habitat types. Root samples collected from Douglas-fir habitat types showed tannin concentrations about double those from grand fir or western redcedar habitat types. Phenol/tannin ratios for the cool, moist habitat types were about double those from warm, dry Douglas-fir habitat types. Roots sampled from western redcedar habitat types had phenol concentrations and phenol/sugar ratios more than 50% higher than those from Douglas-fir and grand fir habitat types. We speculate that root chemistry of Douglas-fir growing on Douglas-fir habitat types could make them more drought resistant but less disease resistant, while Douglas-fir growing on western redcedar types would be less drought resistant but more disease resistant. Douglas-fir growing on warm, dry sites allocated more carbon to tannin production and less to phenols. FOR. SCI. 46(4):531–536.

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49

James, Alan. "Alec Douglas-Home." International Affairs 73, no. 2 (April 1997): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623865.

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50

Juan, Myriam. "Douglas for ever." Double jeu, no. 16 (December 31, 2019): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/doublejeu.2516.

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