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Статті в журналах з теми "Dose to water"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Ma, C.-M., and Jinsheng Li. "Dose specification for radiation therapy: dose to water or dose to medium?" Physics in Medicine and Biology 56, no. 10 (April 20, 2011): 3073–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/56/10/012.

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2

Pirandello, L., and E. Ansley. "Miscellanea: Dose them with water." BMJ 293, no. 6562 (December 20, 1986): 1675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.293.6562.1675.

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3

Roos, M. "A water calorimetric determination of absorbed dose to water." Thermochimica Acta 119, no. 1 (September 1987): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(87)88009-7.

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4

Templeton, Michael R., Marina Antonakaki, and Michael Rogers. "UV Dose–Response ofAcinetobacter baumanniiin Water." Environmental Engineering Science 26, no. 3 (March 2009): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2008.0048.

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5

Hohlfeld, K., and M. Roos. "19 Absorbed dose to water calibration." Radiotherapy and Oncology 40 (January 1996): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(96)80026-0.

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6

Paganetti, Harald. "Dose to water versus dose to medium in proton beam therapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 54, no. 14 (June 23, 2009): 4399–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/54/14/004.

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7

Sommer, R., T. Haider, A. Cabaj, W. Pribil, and M. Lhotsky. "Time dose reciprocity in UV disinfection of water." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0526.

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The microbicidal effect of UV light depends on the dose in both, disinfection processes and natural inactivation by the sunlight in surface water. Deviations of the time dose reciprocity are well known from chemical water disinfection whereas no data are available about this effect in UV inactivation in water. In a previous study we found that the UV inactivation behaviour of yeast strains does not follow the time dose reciprocity, insofar that longer exposure led to higher reduction of cultivable cells. In contrast, an earlier study about E coli B/r claimed a higher inactivation with single exposure compared with fractionated UV irradiation. To investigate this question we selected water-relevant microorganisms and studied their UV inactivation behaviour (253.7nm) by means of a specially designed UV irradiation apparatus (a) under standard irradiation conditions (2W/m2) and (b) with three levels of UV dose rate (2, 0.2 and 0.02W/m2). The test organisms were (i) three E coli strains (ATCC 25922, ATCC 11229 and an isolate from sewage) representing the routinely used faecal indicator, (ii) three bacterial viruses (MS2, ϕX174 and B40-8) proposed as indicators for viral contamination in water and (iii) spores of Bacillus subtilis because of their use as a biodosimeter in prototype testing of commercial UV plants for drinking water disinfection. We found, under standard inactivation conditions, that the E coli strains and phage ϕX174 are most UV susceptible, followed by B40-8 and finally MS2 and bacterial spores. The dose protraction experiments revealed for the E coli strains a higher inactivation with high dose rates compared to low dose rates at the same UV doses (difference of about 1 log10 at 80-100J/m2). The other test organisms did not deviate from the time dose reciprocity in the proven range of dose.

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8

Enger, Shirin A., Anders Ahnesjo, and Luc Beaulieu. "Dose to Medium or Dose to a Water Cavity Embedded in Medium?" Brachytherapy 9 (April 2010): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2010.02.036.

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9

Koo, Tai Yeon, Sang-Cheol Bae, Joon Sung Park, Chang Hwa Lee, Moon Hyang Park, Chong Myung Kang, and Gheun-Ho Kim. "Water Intoxication Following Low-Dose Intravenous Cyclophosphamide." Electrolyte & Blood Pressure 5, no. 1 (2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5049/ebp.2007.5.1.50.

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10

ROSER, D. J., B. VAN DEN AKKER, S. BOASE, C. N. HAAS, N. J. ASHBOLT, and S. A. RICE. "Dose–response algorithms for water-bornePseudomonas aeruginosafolliculitis." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 7 (October 2, 2014): 1524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814002532.

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SUMMARYWe developed two dose–response algorithms forP. aeruginosapool folliculitis using bacterial and lesion density estimates, associated with undetectable, significant, and almost certain folliculitis. Literature data were fitted to Furumoto & Mickey's equations, developed for plant epidermis-invading pathogens:Nl = Aln(1 + BC) (log-linear model);Pinf = 1−e(−rcC)(exponential model), whereAandBare 2.51644 × 107lesions/m2and 2.28011 × 10−11 c.f.u./mlP. aeruginosa, respectively;C = pathogen density (c.f.u./ml),Nl = folliculitis lesions/m2,Pinf = probability of infection, andrC = 4·3 × 10−7 c.f.u./mlP. aeruginosa. Outbreak data indicates these algorithms apply to exposure durations of 41 ± 25 min. Typical water quality benchmarks (≈10−2 c.f.u./ml) appear conservative but still useful as the literature indicated repeated detection likely implies unstable control barriers and bacterial bloom potential. In future, culture-based outbreak testing should be supplemented with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and organic carbon assays, and quantification of folliculitis aetiology to better understandP. aeruginosarisks.

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11

Bassler, N., M. H. Holzscheiter, O. Jäkel, H. V. Knudsen, and S. Kovacevic. "The antiproton depth–dose curve in water." Physics in Medicine and Biology 53, no. 3 (January 14, 2008): 793–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/53/3/017.

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12

Bressler, R. B. "Water intoxication following moderate-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide." Archives of Internal Medicine 145, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.145.3.548.

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13

Bressler, Robert B. "Water Intoxication Following Moderate-Dose Intravenous Cyclophosphamide." Archives of Internal Medicine 145, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1985.00360030196034.

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14

Reynaert, N., F. Crop, E. Sterpin, and H. Palmans. "OC-0226: Towards consistency of TPS dose calculations: converting dose to medium to dose to water." Radiotherapy and Oncology 123 (May 2017): S112—S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30669-2.

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15

Walters, B. R. B., R. Kramer, and I. Kawrakow. "Dose to medium versus dose to water as an estimator of dose to sensitive skeletal tissue." Physics in Medicine and Biology 55, no. 16 (July 29, 2010): 4535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/16/s08.

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16

Kubo, H. "Comparison of absorbed dose determinations between water and polystyrene-water calorimeters." Physics in Medicine and Biology 31, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/31/3/004.

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17

Gambichler, T., and F. Schröpl. "Changes of minimal erythema dose after water and salt water baths." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 14, no. 3-4 (June 8, 1998): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.1998.tb00022.x.

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18

Schulz, R. J., C. S. Wuu, and M. S. Weinhous. "The direct determination of dose-to-water using a water calorimeter." Medical Physics 14, no. 5 (September 1987): 790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.596004.

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19

Fonseca, Gabriel Paiva, Åsa Carlsson Tedgren, Brigitte Reniers, Josef Nilsson, Maria Persson, Hélio Yoriyaz, and Frank Verhaegen. "Dose specification for192Ir high dose rate brachytherapy in terms of dose-to-water-in-medium and dose-to-medium-in-medium." Physics in Medicine and Biology 60, no. 11 (May 26, 2015): 4565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/60/11/4565.

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20

Weisinger, R. S., J. R. Blair-West, D. A. Denton, M. McBurnie, F. Ong, E. Tarjan, and R. M. Williams. "Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on salt appetite and thirst of BALB/c mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): R736—R740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.4.r736.

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The role of angiotensin II (ANG II) in Na-depletion-induced Na appetite of mice was investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril at 1.7 mg/mouse (high dose) decreased the Na intake of the Na-depleted (furosemide-treated) mice by 80-85%. The decrease in Na intake was restored to the initial level by concurrent subcutaneous infusion of ANG II. High dose of captopril also decreased the Na intake of fluid-deprived, Na-depleted mice. High dose of captopril did not alter water intake in any of the four conditions examined, i.e., in fluid-replete, Na-depleted, water-deprived, or fluid-deprived, Na-depleted mice. Low dose of captopril (1.7 microgram/mouse) tended to or significantly enhanced Na intake of Na-depleted mice. Low dose of captopril, however, did not enhance water intake in any of the conditions examined. Both high- and low-dose captopril treatment decreased food intake in water-deprived mice, whether or not the mice were Na depleted as well. The addition of captopril (0.1 or 1.0 mg/ml) to the drinking water did not influence Na or food intake. Water intake was enhanced during treatment with the low but not with the high dose of captopril. The results are consistent with the proposition that ANG II is involved in the Na appetite of Na-depleted mice. ANG II does not appear to have a role in water intake of Na-depleted or water-deprived mice, but neural mechanisms in which angiotensin has a role may influence food intake of water-deprived mice.

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21

Nisa, Nur Ihda Farikhatin, and Achmad Aminudin. "Pengaruh Penambahan Dosis Koagulan Terhadap Parameter Kualitas Air dengan Metode Jartest." JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains dan Teknologi) 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v3i2.4500.

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Water is one of the important components of human life or other living things. With the increasing number of residents, the need for clean water has also increased. However, this increase in demand is not offset by the availability of clean water due to the lower quality of water produced by the water treatment plant. Therefore, it is necessary to do alternative water treatment so that clean water needs can be sufficient. One method of processing clean water that can be done is the Jar test method. This study aims to determine the effect of coagulant dose addition on water quality parameters including pH, turbidity, TDS and total hardness of the Manisrejo City Madiun well water sample after water treatment. The research method is carried out through three stages, namely the preparation stage, the instrument analysis stage and the experimental stage. Where the type of coagulant used is Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC). From the research that has been done, the optimum PAC coagulant dose is 43 mg / l. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the greater the coagulant dose added to the water sample, the smaller the pH value, the value of turbidity, the TDS value and the total hardness of the water sample.

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22

Kapusta, Nestor D., and Daniel König. "Naturally Occurring Low-Dose Lithium in Drinking Water." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 76, no. 03 (March 25, 2015): e373-e374. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.14com09574.

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23

Domen, S. R. "A sealed water calorimeter for measuring absorbed dose." Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 99, no. 2 (March 1994): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.099.012.

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24

McCarron, M. O., G. D. Wright, and S. D. Roberts. "Drug points: Water intoxication after low dose cyclophosphamide." BMJ 311, no. 7000 (July 29, 1995): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7000.292.

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25

Hussain, H. A. "Dose Measurement in a Phantom Immersed in Water." Isotopenpraxis Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 25, no. 2 (January 1989): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256018908624058.

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26

Embriaco, A., V. E. Bellinzona, A. Fontana, and A. Rotondi. "On the lateral dose profile of4Hebeams in water." Physica Medica 40 (August 2017): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.07.007.

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27

Kawachi, Toru, Tetsurou Katayose, Ryouhei Miyasaka, SangYong Cho, Takayuki Shimizu, Ryu Sasagawa, Takuya Hiraoka, et al. "Uncertainty in Measurement of Absorbed Dose to Water." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 72, no. 8 (2016): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2016_jsrt_72.8.701.

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28

Verkman, A. S., J. A. Dix, J. L. Seifter, K. L. Skorecki, C. Y. Jung, and D. A. Ausiello. "Radiation inactivation studies of renal brush border water and urea transport." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 249, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): F806—F812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1985.249.6.f806.

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Radiation inactivation was used to determine the nature and molecular weight of water and urea transport pathways in brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) isolated from rabbit renal cortex. BBMV were frozen to -50 degrees C, irradiated with 1.5 MeV electrons, thawed, and assayed for transport or enzyme activity. The freezing process had no effect on enzyme or transport kinetics. BBMV alkaline phosphatase activity gave linear ln(activity) vs. radiation dose plots with a target size of 68 +/- 3 kDa, similar to previously reported values. Water and solute transport were measured using the stopped-flow light-scattering technique. The rates of acetamide and osmotic water transport did not depend on radiation dose (0-7 Mrad), suggesting that transport of these substances does not require a protein carrier. In contrast, urea and thiourea transport gave linear ln(activity) vs. dose curves with a target size of 125-150 kDa; 400 mM urea inhibited thiourea flux by -50% at 0 and 4.7 Mrad, showing that radiation does not affect inhibitor binding to surviving transporters. These studies suggest that BBMV urea transport requires a membrane protein, whereas osmotic water transport does not.

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29

Siebers, J. V., P. J. Keall, A. E. Nahum, and R. Mohan. "Converting absorbed dose to medium to absorbed dose to water for Monte Carlo based photon beam dose calculations." Physics in Medicine and Biology 45, no. 4 (March 17, 2000): 983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/45/4/313.

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30

Cabanas, Maria Lavin, Chenyu Yan, Ronald J. Lalonde, Dwight E. Heron, and M. Saiful Huq. "Which Dose Specification Should Be Used for NRG Radiation Therapy Trials: Dose-to-Medium or Dose-to-Water?" Practical Radiation Oncology 10, no. 2 (March 2020): e103-e110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prro.2019.08.008.

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31

Cabanas, M., C. Yan, R. J. Lalonde, D. E. Heron, and S. Huq. "What Dose Specification Should be used for NRG Radiation Therapy Trials, Dose-to-Medium or Dose-to-Water?" International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 102, no. 3 (November 2018): e531-e532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1492.

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32

Dick, D., Kme Ng, DN Sauder, and I. Chu. "In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of 14C-chloroform in humans." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 3 (March 1995): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400305.

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Chloroform has been found in potable water and there is concern that significant dermal absorption may arise from daily bathing and other activities. The present study examines percutaneous absorption of 14C-chloroform in vivo using human volunteers and in vitro using fresh, excised human skin in a flow-through diffusion cell sys tem. Fifty microlitre doses of either 1000 μg ml-1 chloro form in distilled water, (16.1 μg cm-2) or 5000 μg ml-1 of chloroform in ethanol, (80.6 μg cm-1) were applied to the forearm of volunteers with exhaled air and urine being collected for analysis. Single doses of either 0.4 μg ml-1 chloroform in distilled water (low dose, 0.62 μg cm-2, 1.0 ml dosed) or 900 μg ml-1 chloroform in distilled water (high dose, 70.3 μg cm -2, 50 μl dosed) were applied to discs of the excised abdominal skin placed in flow-through dif fusion cells and perfused with Hepes buffered Hank's bal anced salt solution, with a wash at 4 h. In vivo absorption was 7.8 ± 1.4% (water as vehicle) and 1.6 ± 0.3% (ethanol as vehicle). Of the dose absorbed in vivo, more than 95% was excreted via the lungs (over 88% of which was CO2), and the maximum pulmonary excretion occurred between 15 min and 2 h after dosing. The percentage of dose absorbed in vitro (skin + perfusate) was 5.6 ± 2.7% (low dose) and 7.1 ± 1.4% (high dose). The above data demon strate that a significant amount of the dissolved chloro form penetrates through the human skin, and that a higher percentage of the applied dose was absorbed using water as vehicle. In addition, the in vitro method offers a good estimate for in vivo data.

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33

Delbaere, A., T. Younes, M. Chauvin, L. Simon, C. Khamphan, and L. Vieillevigne. "PD-0187: Converting absorbed dose-to-medium to dose-to-water in heterogeneous media." Radiotherapy and Oncology 152 (November 2020): S92—S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00211-5.

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34

Enger, S. Abbasinejad, A. Ahnesjö, and L. Beaulieu. "682 poster DOSE TO MEDIUM OR DOSE TO A WATER CAVITY EMBEDDED IN MEDIUM?" Radiotherapy and Oncology 99 (May 2011): S273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70804-0.

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35

Ding, G. X., D. W. O. Rogers, J. E. Cygler, and T. R. Mackie. "Electron fluence correction factors for conversion of dose in plastic to dose in water." Medical Physics 24, no. 2 (February 1997): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.597930.

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36

Rahma, Cukri, and Cukri Rahmi Niani. "Penggunaan Tawas (Al2(SO4)3) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Total Suspended Solid Air Limbah Batubara." Jurnal Optimalisasi 7, no. 1 (April 4, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jopt.v7i1.2562.

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Wastewater is one of the byproducts produced by coal mining companies. The wastewater contains suspended particles as well as heavy metals. Various attempts have been made to treat wastewater before it is discharged into the environment. This is done so that the waste water does not damage the environment. One way to do this is to settle suspended particles in wastewater or what is known as TSS (Total Suspended solite) using the coagulation-flocculation method. The coagulant used in this study is alum Al2 (SO4) 3. This research was conducted to determine the optimum dose or level of addition of alum into wastewater. The addition of alum is carried out in different doses, this is adjusted to the volume and discharge of waste water that is flowed to the WMP (Water Monitoring Point). The optimum dose of adding or using alum Al2 (SO4) 3 into WPM is 0.03 g / L for WMP 11, and 0.05 g/L for WMP 13.

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37

Maliborskiy, A. Ya, P. V. Tylets, D. I. Brinkevich, S. D. Brinkevich, and V. V. Sinaiko. "Identification of radionuclides in cooling circuit of Cyclone 18/9-HC." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 64, no. 4 (January 11, 2020): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2019-64-4-477-484.

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In the present work the patterns of relationship of photonic radiation dose rate from Cyclone 18/9HC water cooling system were studied at production of positron-emitting nuclides. Reaction (n, p) was shown to be the main source of activation nuclides in cyclotron cooling water at 18F production, resulting in formation of 16N (T1/2 = 7 s) from 16О. In water targets with high accumulated dose, when beam partially irradiates a target body, proton-induced reactions: 16О(p, α)11С and 18О(p, n)18F take place. Fluoride 18F–, carbonate 11СО32– and hydrocarbonate Н11СО3– anions, formed in proton-induced activation reactions, efficiently precipitate on anion-exchanging resin during water circulation resulting in circuit purification from the named radionuclides. Activation of cooling water does not occur at irradiation of gas targets. Projected annual dose for cyclotron operator from cooling water activation is less than 1 % of annual dose limit for personnel from technogeneous radioactive sources. In order to minimize operator`s accumulated doses it is recommended to decrease the duration of personnel activities at the distance less than 1 meter from heat exchanger during 18F production. At operation of water targets with absorbed dose higher than 2500 μA·h it is desirable to conduct the preventive maintenance of water cooling system not earlier than in half an hour after the end of irradiation and with mandatory dosimetry control. To decrease the activation of impurities it is essential to use only deionized water in cooling circuit. In case of its specific conductivity increase due to corrosion the coolant should be replaced promptly.

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38

Ramadhani, Amanda Dhyan Purna, Susilo Susilo, Irfan Nurfatthan, Yohannes Sardjono, Widarto Widarto, Gede Sutresna Wijaya, and Isman Mulyadi Triatmoko. "DOSE ESTIMATION OF THE BNCT WATER PHANTOM BASED ON MCNPX COMPUTER CODE SIMULATION." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 22, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2020.22.1.5780.

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Cancer is a malignant tumor that destroys healthy cells. Cancer treatment can be done by several methods, one of which is BNCT. BNCT uses 10B target which is injected into the human body, then it is irradiated with thermal or epithermal neutrons. Nuclear reaction will occur between boron and neutrons, producing alpha particle and lithium-7. The dose is estimated by how much boron and neutron should be given to the patient as a sum of number of boron, number of neutrons, number of protons, and number of gamma in the reaction of the boron and neutron. To calculate the dose, the authors simulated the reaction with Monte Carlo N Particle-X computer code. A water phantom was used to represent the human torso, as 75% of human body consists of water. Geometry designed in MCNPX is in cubic form containing water and a cancer cell with a radius of 2 cm. Neutron irradiation is simulated as originated from Kartini research reactor, modeled in cylindrical form to represent its aperture. The resulting total dose rate needed to destroy the cancer cell in GTV is 2.0814×1014 Gy.s (76,38%) with an irradiation time of 1,4414×10-13 s. In PTV the dose is 5.2295×1013 Gy.s (19,19%) with irradiation time of 5.7367×10-13 s. In CTV, required dose is 1.1866×1013 Gy.s (4,35%) with an irradiation time of 2.5283×10-12 s. In the water it is 1.9128×1011 Gy.s (0,07%) with an irradiation time of 1,5684×10-10 s. The irradiation time is extremely short since the modeling is based on water phantom instead of human body.Keywords: BNCT, Dose, Cancer, Water Phantom, MCNPX

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39

Paganetti, H. "SU-FF-T-405: Dose to Water Versus Dose to Medium in Proton Beam Therapy." Medical Physics 36, no. 6Part15 (June 2009): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3181887.

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Hohlfeld, K., P. Andreo, O. Mattsson, and J. P. Simoen. "Dissemination of the Unit of Absorbed Dose to Water." Journal of the ICRU 1, no. 1 (May 2001): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru_1.1.57.

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Kavatsyuk, O., M. J. van Goethem, A. A. van ‘t Veld, and S. Brandenburg. "Water based 3D optical dose imaging for particle therapy." Radiotherapy and Oncology 118 (February 2016): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(16)30115-3.

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Porntepkasemsan, Boonsom, and Kanitha Srisuksawad. "Assessment of 226Ra age-dependent dose from water intake." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 66, no. 11 (November 2008): 1654–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.12.014.

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43

Hohlfeld, K., P. Andreo, O. Mattsson, and J. P. Simoen. "Dissemination of the Unit of Absorbed Dose to Water." Journal of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements 1, no. 1 (May 2001): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru/1.1.57.

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44

Fouad, Moharram. "Electrical determination of optimum alum dose for water treatment." International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 2, no. 1-4 (November 24, 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42108-018-0002-3.

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45

Berlyand, V. A., and Yu I. Bregadze. "Water calorimeter for measuring photon-radiation absorbed dose rates." Measurement Techniques 28, no. 12 (December 1985): 1100–1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00862809.

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Krauss, A., and M. Roos. "The heat defect in the water absorbed dose calorimeter." Thermochimica Acta 229 (December 1993): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(93)80320-a.

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Kamboj, Sunita, Charley Yu, and David LePoire. "Dose Assessment for Process Water Tunnels at Hanford Site." Remediation Journal 11, no. 1 (2000): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440110107.

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Wakerkwa, Roni ,., Wenny ,. Tilaar, and Jeany Sh Polii-Mandang. "APLIKASI PUPUK CAIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN BAYAM MERAH (Amaranthus sp)." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 13, no. 3A (December 15, 2017): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.13.3a.2017.18292.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of growth and production of red spinach plants on Bayfolan fertilizer, and to obtain the appropriate dose of Bayfolan fertilizer for the growth and production of red spinach plants. The study was conducted from May to July 2017, in the beautiful Canaan Village VI, RT 02 Wanea District, Manado City, North Sulawesi Province. This research uses RAL Complete RAL Design with six treatment levels that is: R0 = 0 without treatment of Bayfolan fertilizer as control, R1 = 1 cc of Bayfolan / l water fertilizer, R2 = 2 cc of Bayfolan / l water fertilizer, R3 = 3 cc of Bayfolan / l water R4 = 4 cc of Bayfolan / l water fertilizer, R5-5 cc of Bayfolan / l water fertilizer, repeated four times. The dose of Bayfolan fertilizer does not affect the plant height, the number of leaves, the weight of the fresh vegetable tree. Fresh weight of leaves, root weight, and Root length. The results showed that the best Bayfolan fertilizer dose was 4 cc of Bayfolan / l water fertilizer.

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Fippel, Matthias, and Fridtjof Nüsslin. "Comments on `Converting absorbed dose to medium to absorbed dose to water for Monte Carlo based photon beam dose calculations'." Physics in Medicine and Biology 45, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): L17—L18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/45/8/101.

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Ma, C. M. C., and J. Li. "1406 poster RADIOTHERAPY DOSE PRESCRIPTION BASED ON MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS SHOULD USE DOSE TO MEDIUM RATHER THAN DOSE TO WATER." Radiotherapy and Oncology 99 (May 2011): S523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(11)71528-6.

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