Дисертації з теми "Dopage par charge d'espace"
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Wu, Wenyi. "Space Charge Doped p-n Junction : 2D Diode with Few-layer Indium Selenide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS449.
Повний текст джерелаThis work combines the singular properties of 2D materials with an innovative technique used for changing the electronic properties of ultra-thin films to propose a new technology for making the simplest bipolar electronic device, the diode. Firstly we identify semiconducting materials which can be fabricated in ultra-thin layers. Secondly, we use a proprietary technique called Space Charge Doping developed in our group for doping the material, either n or p. Finally, we obtain diode characteristics from the device. The manuscript begins with a review of different materials and properties. In the family of 2D materials, our choice was a III-VI layered semiconductor with a direct bandgap: InSe. We also chose a completely different kind of material, polycrystalline CdO, which is neither layered nor has a direct bandgap but is easy to fabricate in the ultra-thin film form and has high carrier mobility. After preliminary experiments, we chose InSe and fabricated devices of ultra-thin, few atomic layer InSe thin films. We chose to develop in parallel two different geometries for the p-n junction diode. We were able to obtain rectifying behavior for each geometry implying that our space charge doping approach was successful in producing microscopically, spatially differentiated doping in each device. We discuss the obtained I-V characteristics and the inherent limitations of the devices (local heating, hysteresis) and suggest improvements for future experiments and ways of obtaining more efficient and stable functioning and geometry as part of the perspectives of this thesis
Wang, Fang. "Quantum phase transitions and fluctuations in space charge doped one unit-cell Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS436.
Повний текст джерелаThe superconductor-insulator transition in two dimensions is a continuous quantum phase transition at absolute zero temperature driven by external parameters like disorder, magnetic field, or carrier concentration. Such transitions have been induced in a variety of two dimensional superconductors by tuning different external parameters and studied with a finite-size scaling analysis. There is however not much uniformity in the findings as both the superconducting systems and the tuning parameters are diverse. In this thesis, we first fabricated high quality of one unit-cell BSCCO-2212 samples with anodic bonding technique, an original method of exfoliation developed in our laboratory for preparing high quality 2D crystals from layered bulk materials. Then we revealed the superconductor-insulator transition in the fabricated one unit-cell Bi2.1Sr1.9CaCu2O8+x by space charge doping, which in an effective field effect electrostatic doping technique. We determined the related critical parameters and develop a reliable way to estimate doping in the non-superconducting region, a crucial and central problem in these materials. Finite-size scaling analysis yields a critical doping of 0.057 holes/Cu, a critical resistance of ~ 6.85 kΩ and a scaling exponent product νz ~ 1.57. These results, together with earlier work in other materials, provide a coherent picture of the superconductor-insulator transition and its bosonic nature in the underdoped regime of emerging superconductivity in high critical temperature superconductors. Then in the latter part of this thesis, we also investigated the effects of inhomogeneity and fluctuations on superconducting transition on mesoscopic and nanoscopic scale both with simulation and with simulations and with analysis of transport measurements. The use of an ultra-thin sample also facilitates analysis on two fronts. Firstly, in two dimensions fluctuation phenomena related to the superconducting transition are exacerbated, making the analysis of changes in widths easier. Secondly aspects related to percolation and clustering can be easily simulated and compared with analytical models. Especially, the effects of fluctuations on the overdoped and underdoped side of the phase diagram of one unit-cell BSCCO-2212 are discussed. We discovered that the fluctuation regime in the underdoped part of the phase diagram is fundamentally different from that in the part where p > 0.19. We discussed the possible behaviour of cooper pairs related to our experimental results, as well as one existing theoretical explanation (BEC-BCStransition)
Khaddour, Bassem. "Modélisation du champ électrique modifié par la charge d'espace injectée." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130130.
Повний текст джерелаNous utilisons la méthode des éléments finis MEF pour résoudre l'équation de Poisson et la méthode des caractéristiques MC pour résoudre l'équation de conservation de la charge. Les deux équations couplées sont résolues par approximations successives en redéfinissant le maillage structuré à chaque itération pour éliminer la diffusion numérique. La redéfinition du maillage structuré est la partie la plus importante du travail. L'algorithme converge bien pour différentes distributions de la charge définies sur la lame injectrice. Les solutions numériques obtenues pour une loi d'injection imposée sur la lame plate donnent des résultats en très bon accord avec les mesures de densité de courant sur l'électrode plane d'un dispositif lame-plan.
Haddab, Karima. "Propriétés électroniques du silicium amorphe hydrogéné : courants limités par charge d'espace et photoconduction." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112052.
Повний текст джерелаHaddab, Karima. "Propriétés électroniques du silicium amorphe hydrogéné courants limités par charge d'espace et photoconduction /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376141402.
Повний текст джерелаAbou, Dakka Mahmoud. "Mesures de charges d'espace dans divers polymères par la méthode de l'onde thermique." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20123.
Повний текст джерелаRiffaud, Jonathan. "Mesures de charges d'espace en continu pendant une irradiation électronique par la méthode Electro-Acoustique Pulsée (PEA)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30217/document.
Повний текст джерелаDielectric materials are widely used in space industries to ensure the spacecrafts thermal regulation. Spacecrafts are submitted to charging environment made of ionizing rays as electrons and protons. These charges are trapped in the material bulk and cause degradations and premature ageing and a global loss of reliability which had to be anticipated. The aim of this work was to evaluate the injected space charges density in a dielectric material during an electronic irradiation in order to partially reproduce the radiative environment. To lead this study, we used an experimental set up based on Pulsed Electro Acoustic (PEA) Method commonly used in electrical engineering. We have developed a new ring and contactless excitation electrode allowing to perform measurements during an electronic irradiation because the previous experimental setups don't allow to realize measurements during an electronic irradiation. This kind of measurements are performed for the first time ever in scientific research which is a real innovation for this research field because it is possible to keep the dielectric sample under vacuum and to be near the space environment. The new electrode is based on a signal transmission line (microstrip). Its geometric characteristics have been determined with two softwares as Orcad PCB Editor and COMSOL Multiphysics. The experimental validation has been led and the first measurements are performed in the irradiation chamber called MATSPACE allowing to highlight the good working of this new electrode and to validate the simulation results previously obtained. Moreover, the signal treatment has been adapted for this new configuration. A study has been also led with several kinetic energies ( 50 to 10 keV) and with several electronic flux density ( 0.5 to 2 nA/cm2) for the irradiation step followed by a relaxation step ( the sample is kept under vacuum) in order to to follow the injection dynamic of the injected electrons in the sample bulk. The space charge cartography representation allow to easily follow the dynamic injection. This work enabled to reach the differents objectives concerning the realizatiion of the space charges measurements during an electronic irradiation. This characterization setup can be used with several dielectric material used in electrical engineering, irradiation conditions being controlled. In next futur, this electrode prototype could be coupled with a very thin piezoelectric sensor to improve the spatial resolution to lead to a high temporal and spatial measurements system
Velazquez, Salazar Amanda. "Mesure de charge d'espace par la méthode (F)LIMM : vers une caractérisation sous contrainte électrique DC externe." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30051/document.
Повний текст джерелаSolid dielectrics are basic elements of most insulations used in devices or systems in electrical engineering or in power electronics. Mainly due to current trends in downsizing, these insulations being subjected to increasing stresses (electrical, mechanical or thermal) may degrade and age dielectrically. This may lead to failure and breakdown, which have to be addressed. More specifically, the global charge store inside the dielectric and generally called space charge is directly linked to these degradation processes. It is therefore necessary to analyze this space charge behavior when the material is at the same time stressed under conditions close to those of the real environment of use. Among many existing techniques, the (F)LIMM is a thermal wave method dedicated to the space charge analysis of thin dielectric films (with a thickness from 5µm to 50µm), with a possibility of 3-D cartographies when the beam is focused onto the sample under study. Its first characterizations were related to the determination of the space charge distribution in thin films that were first submitted to an external DC field and next analyzed in a volt-off way (no voltage applied). This off-line procedure remained the only way of space charge investigations for quite a while. New developments became necessary in order to provide answers to the industry for which a characterization close to the actual conditions of use was lacking. For this purpose, an on-line version of the conventional (F)LIMM set-up was developed. It allows a measurement of the (F)LIMM current when simultaneously a DC bias field is applied to the sample. This development presents, apart from allowing an in-situ and on-line analysis, another important advantage, namely the possibility for assessing or calibrating the temperature profile. In this work, the experimental modifications made to the measuring test rig are first detailed and validated. Then, the calibration procedure of the thermal model developed is explained and tested. As a consequence, the possibility of simulating the (F)LIMM currents is possible and shows a very good agreement with the experimental registered ones. Finally, some applications to PEN and PP polymer thin films are described and results got prove the efficiency of these new developments for space charge on-line investigation
Potvin, Carl. "Comportement et effet de la charge d'espace sur le mécanisme des vibrations induites par effet de couronne." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0024/MQ49067.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPotvin, Carl. "Comportement et effet de la charge d'espace sur le mécanisme des vibrations induites par effet de couronne /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерелаStancu, Cristina. "Caractérisations de l'état de vieillissement des isolations polymères par la mesure d'arborescences et de charges d'espace." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20024.
Повний текст джерелаMalrieu, Stéphane. "Caractérisation et étude du vieillissement de stratifiés verre époxyde par des mesures de charges d'espace." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20173.
Повний текст джерелаHallerdt, Martin. "Courants limités par une charge d'espace dans des couches minces de silicium amorphe hydrogène : quasi-équilibre et effets transitoires." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112027.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents theoretical and experimental work on transient effects in space charge limited currents in thin films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the physical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon and the method of glow-discharge deposition used for the n⁺ in⁺ devices of the study. Chapter 2 gives a summary of the theory of space-charge limited currents in the stationary regime. Chapter 3 describes measurements of current transients between 0,01 and 180 ms after applying an injecting voltage to the sample. The currents decrease rapidly, according to a time power law, something that can be explained by the gradual descent towards lower energies in the band gap that the space charge undergoes as its electrons are thermally released and retrapped over and over again. Chapter 4 deals with the relaxation of resistance of intrinsic layers after the injecting voltage has been cut off. The transient resistance is higher than the equilibrium resistance, because the space charge from the injection remains trapped and creates an electrostatic barrier. As the electrons in the space charge are gradually untrapped and disappear from the intrinsic layer, the resistance falls as R(t) = R(∞) e 1/ßt, where R(∞) is the equilibrium resistance. The relaxation involves traps below the Fermi energy and sometimes lasts for more than one hour. The fact that the coefficient ß is thermally activated makes it possible to attribute a value of 10¹ ¹ - 10¹ ² s⁻¹ to the attempt-to-escape frequency. Chapter 5 describes depositions of amorphous silicon samples made by photo-CVD. The samples were found to have a Fermi level density of states of some 10 ¹⁶ eV⁻¹ cm⁻³
Rafiroiu, Dan-Viorel. "Analyse numérique des champs électriques à charge d'espace : application à la conception assistée par ordinateur des séparateurs coronne-électrostatiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10074.
Повний текст джерелаHallerdt, Martin. "Courants limités par une charge d'espace dans des couches minces de silicium amorphe hydrogène quasi-équilibre et effets transitoires /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614211r.
Повний текст джерелаMalec, David. "Etude du rôle des charges d'espace dans la rupture diélectrique des isolants solides par la méthode d'onde de pression induite par impact laser : réalisation technologique et étude théorique." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30181.
Повний текст джерелаAgnel, Serge. "Mesures de charges d'espace dans les oxydes diélectriques par la méthode de l'onde thermique." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20124.
Повний текст джерелаNuns, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de la charge d'espace aux joints de grains du spinelle MgAI2O4 : influence possible sur la superplasticité." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Nuns.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDobson, Gareth. "Amélioration de la précision des mesures de rapport m/z d'ions en spectrométrie de masse par piégeage d'ions." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066093.
Повний текст джерелаRenoud, Raphaël. "Simulation par la méthode de Monte-Carlo de la charge d'un isolant soumis au bombardement d'un faisceau électronique focalisé." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10029.
Повний текст джерелаMoragues, Jean-Michel. "Caractérisation des défauts dans les dispositifs à technologie MOS : défauts créés par injection Fowles-Nordheim." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20274.
Повний текст джерелаZdzislaw, Szymanski Marek. "Charge transport in disordered organic semiconducting dendrimers studied by space-charge-limited transient currents." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY065/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis concerns space-charge-limited transient current measurements in thin (le500 nm) organic films. Such films find important applications in organic electronics, where they are referred to as organic semiconductor layers. Electrical transport in such films depends on bulk charge carrier transport and trapping, as well efficiency of charge carrier injection from electrodes. These, are all in turn depend on disorder inherent to organic materials. The transient measurement approach is very attractive, as it can, in principle, deliver information on all these aspects in one single measurement. In the thesis, three main contributions are presented. 1) A transimpedance amplifier based setup for space-charge-limited current transient measurement is validated. This type of setup is superior to the widely used bridge circuit, notably because of better current sensitivity, bandwidth, no need for bridge symmetry and no need for per sample adjustment. It is demonstrated that initial displacement current spike, which saturates the amplifier at the beginning of measurement, does not introduce error in the measurement of mobility. 2) A dendrimer molecule has been investigated. Experimental current responses are shown to be in agreement with the drift-diffusion model. However, obtaining agreement requires well defined initial conditions in experiment as well as in simulation, and also complete theoretical model of the sample. In the case of dendrimer, this model had to take into account both contact barrier and trapping effects. Furthermore, better agreement was obtained when taking disorder effects into account. 3) The impossibility of obtaining any agreement without complete physical model of the sample indicates that trapping, contact barrier and mobility parameters could be fitted without ambiguity. Therefore, complete electrical characterization consistent with simulation can be obtained using the transient technique. The results obtained further increase well known usefulness of transient space-charge-limited current characterization of thin organic films
Paillet, Philippe. "Effet du procédé de fabrication des isolants sur la charge d'espace créée par rayonnements X : application aux technologies silicium sur isolant." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20042.
Повний текст джерелаCabaleiro, Juan Martín. "Etude du développement de la double couche électrique lors de la mise en écoulement d'un liquide diélectrique dans une conduite isolante." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2330.
Повний текст джерелаPhysicochemical reactions occurring at a solid-liquid interface are responsible for a charge zone called electrical double layer. At rest, the electrical double layer evolves during a certain development time, to reach an equilibrium charge distribution characterised by its thickness and by the space charge density in the liquid near the wall. Once the liquid is put in movement, the flow convects a part of these charges (the diffuse layer) modifying static equilibrium. As a result, a wall current develops and evolves to reach dynamic equilibrium. The analysis of the transient state allows for better understanding of this phenomenon. In this context, experiments have been made to determine the space charge density in the liquid near the wall and to estimate the reaction rates at the interface. Then, a first model was developed including transient state. This model uses global reaction rates and macroscopic quantities like liquid's bulk conductivity. Some hypotheses adopted for this model, concerning the independence of reaction rates on flow velocity or the formation time of the double layer profile normal to the wall where then analysed. In order to avoid using these hypotheses, a second model called "microscopic" was developed and implanted in Code_SATURNE, a fluid mechanics code created by "Electricité de France". This model will allow the simulation of flow electrification phenomena in complicated geometries and at industrial scale
Perdu, Philippe. "Etude de circuits intégrés par contraste de potentiel : analyse des phénomènes de charge induits dans la couche de passivation." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30160.
Повний текст джерелаLabdi, Yamina. "Caracterisation des structures n+in+ minces, a base de sillicium amorphe hydrogene par la methode des courants limites par charge d'espace : prise en compte des effets d'interface." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077091.
Повний текст джерелаLabdi, Yamina. "Caractérisation des structures n+in+ minces, à base de silicium amorphe hydrogéné par la méthode de courants limités par charge d'espace prise en compte des effets d'interface /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614827s.
Повний текст джерелаFruchier, Olivier. "Etude du comportement de la charge d'espace dans les structures MOS : vers une analyse du champ électrique interne par la méthode de l'onde thermique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140084.
Повний текст джерелаPetel, France. "Détection simultanée de l'émission exoélectronique et de la luminescence thermostimulées présentées par l'alumine alpha entre 77 et 650 K." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30110.
Повний текст джерелаQiao, Bo. "Une approche du vieillissement électrique des isolants polymères par mesure d'électroluminescence et de cathodoluminescence." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30116/document.
Повний текст джерелаElectroluminescence (EL) of insulating polymers is a subject of great interest because it is associated with electrical ageing and could provide the signature of excited species under electric field. Electrical ageing and breakdown in insulating polymers is of fundamental interest to the researchers, the design engineers, the manufacturers and the customers of electrical apparatus. In this respect, Partial Discharge (PD) is a harmful process leading to ageing and failure of insulating polymers. However, with the development of the materials and apparatus, PDs can be weakened or avoided in some situations, e.g. extra high voltage cables, capacitors, etc. Therefore, there is urgent demand for understanding electrical degradation mechanisms under high electric field, which can be triggered by energetic charge carriers. In this work, Electroluminescence, EL, and cathodoluminescence, CL, excited under electron beam, along with other luminescence-family techniques are carried out for probing polyolefins and other insulating polymers. In order to uncover the excitons formation in Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) thin films, the field dependence of EL and current under DC stress and field dependence of EL and phase-resolved EL under AC stress, are investigated. The EL spectra of both PP and PE have the same main peak at approximately 570 nm, pointing towards similar chemical structures and defects in both polyolefins, and same route to degradation. This main peak can be complemented by an emission at approximately 750 nm dominating at low field. Electrode effect on the EL of Polyethylene Naphthalte (PEN) was investigated to understand the origin of the red emission at 750 nm. Through field dependence of EL and phase-resolved EL of Au or ITO electrodes, we proved the red component is due to the nature of electrode, more precisely Surface Plasmons and/or interface states. Further thorough study was carried out on cathodoluminescence of insulating polymers. Thin films of PP, PE, along with Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN) and Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) were irradiated under electron beam up to 5 keV to be excited. We could reconstruct EL and CL spectra of both PE and PP using four elementary components: i.e. Fluorescence, Chemiluminescence, Recombination-induced Luminescence, and main component of the EL spectrum at 570 nm reported above and constituting an ageing marker. For the first time the nature of both EL and CL in polyolefins is uncovered, containing four basic components with different relative contributions. Identification of these spectral components is helpful to interpret the nature of light emission from polyolefins and other insulating polymers and to bridge the gap between space charge distribution and electrical ageing or breakdown. Through researches on EL and CL in several insulating polymers, i.e. polyolefins and a polyester, excitons formation and relaxation processes under electric stress and kinetic electrons are evidenced. More importantly, the spectral components analyses and reconstruction uncovers the nature of luminescence and its correlation to electrical ageing. In the future, luminescence measurement can be developed to be a standard method to probe and analyze insulating polymers
Nguyen, Xuan Truong. "Étude des matériaux irradiés sous faisceau d'électrons par méthode électro-acoustique pulsée (PEA)." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2361/.
Повний текст джерелаDielectric materials are frequently used as electrical insulators in spatial applications. Due to their dielectric nature, these dielectrics are likely to accumulate electric charges during their service. Under certain critical conditions, these internal or surface space charges can lead to an electrostatic surface discharge. To understand these phenomena, an experimental device has been developed in the laboratory. This device allows us to simulate the electronic irradiation conditions encountered in space. The aim of our study is to characterize the electrical behavior of insulating materials irradiated by electron beam, to investigate charge storage and transport phenomena and anticipate electrostatic discharges. In this work, the device based on the Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) technique has been chosen. It has been implanted in the irradiation chamber. It allows us to obtain the spatial distribution of charges injected between two periods of irradiation and during relaxation. However the PEA method offers a limited resolution and doesn't allow the detection of injected charges when they are too close to the surface. First, we performed a parameters signal processing analysis that we will call the spreading factor and the resolution factor. The preliminary study post-irradiation in air of experimental measurements showed that the the resolution factor choice is important for the analysis and interpretation of the signal when the space charge is localized near the surface. Then, a comparison to the spreading parameter used in some deconvolution technique was established. In the second time, space charge distribution measurements in vacuum have been carried out on Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) films irradiated by an electron beam in the range [10-100] keV. The results obtained were compared to those theoretical results. This work allows us to consider the necessary improvements for the determination of in-situ space charge
Escoffier, René. "Simulation numérique de l'effet des charges induites par irradiation dans les oxydes de structures MOS." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20134.
Повний текст джерелаBoufayed, Fakher. "Simulation du transport électrique dans un polyéthylène pour câble d'énergie par un modèle de conduction bipolaire avec distribution exponentielle de pièges." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30004.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work has been developed in the framework of a European Project, HVDC, aimed at evaluating environmental, economic and operational benefits to develop HV transmission under DC stress. The contribution of the thesis to this project consists in the development of a dissymmetric bipolar model of transport intended to account for the space and temporal evolution of the space charge generated by the injection of charged particles in Polyethylene materials subjected to a DC stress. An exponential distribution and a maximum level of trap depth have been adopted for the model. This study closely associates numerical modeling and experimental measurements carried out by our partners in the project. A detailed study on the criticality of the parameters of the model was carried out, which enabled us to choose a single set of parameters for the validation of the model. Simulation results were compared with experimental measurements resorting to the time- and space- evolution of internal charge density and to current transients
Banda, Gnama Mbimbiangoye Mallys Elliazar. "Mesure et modélisation du comportement de matériaux diélectriques irradiés par faisceau d'électrons." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30208/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn their common uses as electrical insulators, organic solid materials are constitutive of electric power transmission cables, power control and conversion circuits as well as (micro) electronic components or embedded systems (thermal coating of satellites, batteries of accumulators, etc.). Under various constraints of use (electric field, radiation, temperature, humidity ...) they can accumulate charges in their bulk which could affect the reliability of the systems in which they are employed. One of the commonly used means to study the electrical behavior of these charges is to measure the spatiotemporal distribution of charges by subjecting the dielectrics to a continuous potential difference between two electrodes. However, this method does not always allow clearly distinguishing the contribution of charges due to generation on the one hand and the one due to transport phenomena on the other hand. This study proposes an alternative approach, consisting in generating charges (electrons) within the electrical insulation using an electron-beam under vacuum. The charges are hence deposited at a known position and in a controlled quantity. Other physical processes related to the implantation of electrons must then be taken into account in order to predict and model the behavior of these irradiated materials. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films, prepared by thermal molding, were irradiated by a 80 keV electron-beam with a current flux of 1 nA/cm2. Space charge measurements using the Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) method, performed first in-situ and then ex-situ under DC electrical polarization, confirm an effective localization of charges within the material. The results under electrical polarization after irradiation show an important amount of positive charges in the irradiated zone of the dielectric. The electrical characterizations of irradiated LDPE films show a completely different behavior compared to the same non-irradiated material, suggesting a modification of the chemical structure of the material. Physico-chemical measurements (infrared spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and Differential Scanning Calorimetry-DSC) on these irradiated PEbd films do not show a significant degradation of the chemical structure of the dielectric which would explain the observed electrical behavior under post-irradiation polarization. Additional measurements show the reversible behavior of the irradiated then polarized PEbd, which would be only related to the presence of the charges generated by the beam. The experimental data of this study have simultaneously fed a numerical model of charge transport, developed to take into account the irradiation constraints. This model allows reproducing the in-situ results of charge implantation by the electron beam as well as the majority of the electrical processes observed on irradiated and polarized LDPE. It confirms the impact of the electron-beam deposited charge on the behavior under polarization and allows concluding on the origin of the positive charges observed after irradiation, which would be due to injection at the electrodes as well as to the creation of electron-hole pairs by the electron-beam during irradiation
Auriel, Gérard. "Caractérisation des différents types de défauts crées par injection Fowler-Nordheim dans les capacités MOS. Relation avec le claquage." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20088.
Повний текст джерелаLakhchaf, Nadia. "Nanofiltration d'ions et de complexes en solution. Application au traitement d'effluents nickelés par couplage complexation, nanofiltration, électrolyse." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20122.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Xuan Truong. "Etude de matériaux diélectriques irradiés sous faisceau d'électrons par méthode Electro-Acoustique Pulsée (PEA)." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926826.
Повний текст джерелаJahier, Erwan. "Voies ouvertes par des cellules en saphir pour des expériences de violation de parité détectée par émission stimulée." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000883.
Повний текст джерелаsaphir pour une expérience de physique atomique visant à une mesure précise
d'un effet de violation de parité (PV) associé à l'échange du boson Zo
dans l'atome de césium. Une telle mesure permet un test à très basse énergie du
modèle standard électrofaible. Il s'agit d'une expérience pompe-sonde sur le
système 6S1/2-7S1/2-6P3/2, menée en régime impulsionnel, dans une
vapeur dense de césium (2.10^14 atomes/cm3), soumise à un champ
électrique E= (2kV/cm) statique à
l'échelle des impulsions laser.
Dans la configuration étudiée avant cette thèse (champ E appliqué selon
la direction de propagation des faisceaux) les cellules en saphir ont permis de
dépasser plusieurs limites rencontrées auparavant avec les cellules en verre:
(i) totale immunité des fenêtres aux conditions de l'expérience (ii)
destruction thermique des dimères Cs2 en surchauffant la vapeur (iii)
production désormais possible du champ E dans la cellule avec des
électrodes externes, attestant la réduction des courants surfaciques internes.
Il apparaît cependant une émission d'électrons par les fenêtres, induite par
l'impulsion laser d'excitation, et on met en évidence une multiplication des
charges au cours de leur accélération dans le champ électrique. Les
perturbations associées à la charge d'espace et au courant électronique
limitent actuellement la précision des moyennages PV dans cette configuration.
Nous avons ensuite exploré une nouvelle configuration expérimentale, où le
champ électrique est perpendiculaire aux faisceaux. Cela a été réalisable
facilement avec l'utilisation d'électrodes externes, exploitables avec les
cellules en saphir. Les premières études expérimentales ont permis de dégager
les conditions de mesure et de calibration d'orientations atomiques
longitudinale et transverse (en utilisant la précession de Larmor) dans l'état
7S, par polarimétrie pompe-sonde impulsionnelle, en exploitant la détection par
émission stimulée. Nous avons par ailleurs mis en oeuvre une mesure atomique
in situ du champ électrique, utilisable dans les deux configurations
expérimentales. Cette mesure est indispensable pour exploiter les mesures PV en
configuration longitudinale.
Cirba, Claude. "Simulation numérique du piégeage et du dépiégeage dans les oxydes de composants MOS." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20237.
Повний текст джерелаBorowik, Łukasz. "Étude de propriétés électroniques de nanostructures par microscopie à force atomique sous ultra-vide." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466670.
Повний текст джерелаTran, Van Hoan. "Injection de charges dans le polyethylene terephtalate à partir de la méthode de l'onde de pression induite par impact laser (LIPP) : modélisation physique et optimisation de la méthode, influence des paramètres de l'inetrface métal-isolant." Grenoble INPG, 2010. https://hal.science/tel-02295972.
Повний текст джерелаThe charge injection in PET under electric field has been studied using the method of the pressure wave induced by laser pulse. The method LIPP (Laser Induced Pressure Pulse) consists to generate an acoustic wave pulse from a pulsed laser that strikes a metal target covered with liquid. This wave propagation in the target and in the insulation induces a current that corresponds to the distribution of charges in the insulation. To optimize the measurement, the generation of the pressure wave has been studied for different liquids (transparent or opaque). The main mechanisms, thermal expansion and vaporization, were identified as a function of the laser energy. The transient regime of charge injection is weil correlated with the transient current. The accumulation of heterocharges provides a criterion of stabilization in terms of neutralizati6n field at the anode. The weak influence of the metal electrode and roughness of the film in these conditions of measurement were discussed
Dutta, Rajesh. "Etude in situ, par diffraction des rayons X et diffusion neutronique sur monocristaux, de la complexité structurale de l'oxyde fortement corrélé Pr2-xSrxNiO4+δ". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0754/document.
Повний текст джерелаNon-stoichiometric oxides from the Ruddlesden-Popper series, such as Pr2NiO4+δ, can be hole-doped by substituting strontium to praseodymium or by oxygen insertion. This leads to complex structural ordering involving oxygen-, charge- and spin ordering. The complex phase diagram of Pr2-xSrxNiO4+δ was explored using X-ray (laboratory and synchrotron) as well as neutron diffractions. For the doped phase of highest oxygen content (Pr2NiO4.25), we could evidence an incommensurate structure with satellite reflections of 6th order, yielding a very complex diffraction pattern of up to four twin-individuals and eight incommensurate domains. Checkerboard-type charge ordering was identified already at ambient temperature, while stripe charge ordering was observed below 170 K by synchrotron and neutron diffraction; incommensurate spin ordering appears below 99 K. This thesis reveals the existence of many complex oxygen and electronically ordered phases going along with small variations of the oxygen/strontium stoichiometry
Elouadie, Larbi. "Electroconvection et augmentation des échanges thermiques produites par une injection unipolaire en géométrie fil- cylindre coaxiaux." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10121.
Повний текст джерелаDussauze, Marc. "Génération de second harmonique dans des verres borophosphate de sodium et niobium par polarisation thermique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011055.
Повний текст джерелаBenarfa, Houria. "Proprietes de photoluminescence de gaas : contribution a l'etude de gaas heteroepitaxie sur (ca,sr)f2 par la technique des jets moleculaires." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0019.
Повний текст джерелаBenjelloun, Nadia. "Caracterisation des niveaux profonds dans le materiau photorefractif bi : :(12) geo::(20) par analyse de transitoires de courant photo-induit." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13183.
Повний текст джерелаBesson, Claudine. "Effet photoréfractif dans l'oxyde de bismuth germanium (bi12Ge020) : détermination des paramètres du matériau, intensification de l'effet photoréfractif par un champ alternatif et amplification d'ondes optiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1989. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00718040.
Повний текст джерелаDomange, Jocelyn. "Étude et exploitation de bolomètres de nouvelle génération à électrodes concentriques pour la recherche de matière noire froide non-baryonique dans l’expérience Edelweiss II." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112169/document.
Повний текст джерелаEDELWEISS is a direct non-baryonic cold dark matter detection experiment in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (also known as WIMPs), which currently constitute the most popular candidates to account for the missing mass in the Universe. To this purpose, EDELWEISS uses germanium bolometers at cryogenic temperature (20 mK approximately) in the Underground Laboratory of Modane (LSM) at the French-Italian border. Since 2008, a new type of detector is operated, equipped with concentric electrodes to optimize the rejection of surface events (coplanar-grid detectors). This thesis work is divided into several research orientations. First, we carried out measurements concerning charge collection in the crystals. The velocity laws of the carriers (electrons and holes) have been determined in germanium at 20 mK in the <100> orientation, and a complete study of charge sharing has been done, including an evaluation of the transport anisotropy and of the straggling of the carriers. These results lead to a better understanding of the inner properties of the EDELWEISS detectors. Then, studies relating to the improvement of the performances were carried out. In particular, we have optimized the space-charge cancellation procedure in the crystals and improved the passive rejection of surface events (β). The fiducial volume of the detectors has been evaluated using two X-ray lines from cosmically activated radionuclides: 68Ge and 65Zn. Lastly, an exhaustive study of the low energy spectra has been carried out, which makes it possible to develop a systematic analysis method for the search of low-mass WIMPs in EDELWEISS
Fall, Sadiara. "Etude du transport de charges dans les polymères semi-conducteurs à faible bande interdite et de son impact sur les performances photovoltaïques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975750.
Повний текст джерелаPotvin, Carl. "Comportement et effet de la charge d'espace sur le mécanisme des vibrations induites par effet de couronne." Thèse, 2000. http://constellation.uqac.ca/972/1/11965618.pdf.
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