Дисертації з теми "Données de protéomique quantitative"
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Chion, Marie. "Développement de nouvelles méthodologies statistiques pour l'analyse de données de protéomique quantitative." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAD025.
Повний текст джерелаProteomic analysis consists of studying all the proteins expressed by a given biological system, at a given time and under given conditions. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography make it possible to envisage large-scale and high-throughput proteomic studies.This thesis work focuses on developing statistical methodologies for the analysis of quantitative proteomics data and thus presents three main contributions. The first part proposes to use monotone spline regression models to estimate the amounts of all peptides detected in a sample using internal standards labelled for a subset of targeted peptides. The second part presents a strategy to account for the uncertainty induced by the multiple imputation process in the differential analysis, also implemented in the mi4p R package. Finally, the third part proposes a Bayesian framework for differential analysis, making it notably possible to consider the correlations between the intensities of peptides
Reynès, Christelle. "Etude des Algorithmes génétiques et application aux données de protéomique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268927.
Повний текст джерелаLa première partie aborde l'histoire, le fonctionnement des algorithmes génétiques et certains résultats théoriques. La partie suivante détaille la mise au point d'un tel algorithme pour la sélection de biomarqueurs en spectrométrie de masse et l'alignement de gels d'électrophorèse 2D. Cette partie met en évidence la difficulté de construction du critère à optimiser. La dernière partie aborde des résultats théoriques. La convergence des algorithmes génétiques avec élitisme est démontrée dans le cas non homogène et de mutations dirigées. Nous avons ensuite construit un critère de convergence alliant fondements théoriques et applicabilité, basé sur les occurrences de la solution localement optimale. Enfin, l'efficacité de l'introduction d'événements catastrophiques dans la résolution pratique de certains problèmes de convergence est montrée.
Folio, Patrice. "Etablissement d'une base de données protéomique de Listeria monocytogenes EGDe." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21478.
Повний текст джерелаHinsinger, Geoffrey. "Recherche de biomarqueurs biologiques de sclérose en plaques par protéomique quantitative." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT027.
Повний текст джерелаDiscovery, confirmation and verification of candidate biomarkers for multiple sclerosis diagnosis and prognosis in cerebrospinal fluid.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Most often the disease initiates by a first demyelinating event called clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), followed by remission periods and relapses occurring at irregular intervals. Clinical symptoms and MRI are used for diagnosis, but clinicians lack tools to predict the rate of disease progression. This study aims at identifying biomarkers that predict the delay of conversion to MS after a CIS. We compared the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome from MS patients and symptomatic controls and the CSF from CIS patients with rapid conversion to MS (<1 year) and CIS patients with slow conversion to MS (>2 years). For the discovery step, human CSF samples (n=40) depleted of the 20 major plasma proteins were digested using a modified filter-assisted sample preparation (FASP) and analysed by high-resolution mass spectrometry using isobaric mass tag labelling or label-free quantification procedures. Proteins upregulated in CSF from MS patients included two proteins involved in tissue remodeling, namely chitinase-3-like protein-1 (CHI3L1) and chitinase-3-like protein-2 (CHI3L2). Their increased level in CSF of MS patients was confirmed by ELISA in a new cohort comprising CIS and MS patients (n=123) at different disease stages. Moreover, CHI3L1 levels in CSF and serum from CIS patients discriminated patients with rapid conversion to MS (< one year) from those with slower conversion.We also implemented a PRM method (peptide selection, dilution optimization of heavy isotope labeled non-purified peptides, reproducibility evaluation and method validation) to qualify a larger set of candidate biomarkers (226 peptides corresponding to 87 proteins) in a cohort different from the one used for the discovery step (n=60), including CSF from controls and MS patients at different disease stages. Finally, to further verify the 11 candidate biomarkers that passed this qualification step, we monitored 16 peptides in a new PRM assay, using shorter gradient and high-purity heavy isotope labeled peptides. This new PRM analysis was performed on a larger cohort (n=189) that included CSF of patients with other inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disorders in addition to control and MS patients. These analyses identified seven robust candidate biomarkers, which might help to discriminate patients suffering from MS or other neurological disorders
Carapito, Christine. "Vers une meilleure utilisation des données de spectrométrie de masse en analyse protéomique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/CARAPITO_Christine_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPlumel, Marine. "Optimisations des stratégies analytiques quantitatives en protéomique : application à l'étude des réponses adaptatives du métabolisme chez divers organismes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF014/document.
Повний текст джерелаProteomics consists in the characterization of all the proteins expressed in a physiological state and at a given time (the proteome). Today, proteomics tends to bring quantitative information. However, in order to generate reliable, sensitive and robust data, whatever the biological question, methodological improvements need to be done. The aim of this PhD thesis was to apply and adapt quantitative proteomics strategies to specific biological issues as there is no universal quantifying method. This PhD thesis contributed to bringing original results concerning the study of metabolic disorders. It has also contributed to setting-up a targeted approach in order to quantify the level of reproductive effort of Leatherback Turtles. Finally, this PhD thesis also contributed, through the consortium NOTOX (EU), to the evaluation of physiological answers of hepatic cell lines exposed to valproic acid. These data will be used in order to generate hepatotoxicity prediction algorithms
Benhaïm, Margaux. "Développements méthodologiques en protéomique quantitative pour mieux comprendre la biologie évolutive d'espèces non séquencées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF032/document.
Повний текст джерелаProteomics analysis corresponds to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of all proteins expressed in a cell or tissue under given conditions (proteome). Instrumental progresses in mass spectrometry and bioinformatics advances in recent years have allowed its establishment in life sciences. Diverse proteomics strategies thus allow identification and quantification of hundreds/thousands of proteins in complex samples, which classically allows physiopathological states to be characterized. However, proteomics is only emerging in the evolutionary biology field. This field aims at understanding the determinants of the diversity of organisms present on Earth and their “functioning”, including their adaptations to certain environmental constraints.The objective of this thesis was to study, from the organ to the eco-system, the proteomic variations induced by environmental changes, while adapting the different steps of the analysis to each type of sample, each organism, from sample preparation to data analysis. Through the introduction of an original quantitative de novo sequencing strategy, we studied the role of brown adipose tissue against obesity in a non-sequenced species: the vole. Other particular traits were explored, such as the reversible obesity of the grey mouse lemur or the interactions between sociality and longevity in the ant. The considered software solutions did not allow to robustly quantify peptides identified by de novo sequencing from fractionated samples, we thus determined that prefractionation allows for better proteome coverage. On the other hand, without prefractionation, de novo sequencing produces an undeniable gain. Finally, by studying the metaproteome of alpine soil biotic communities, we have highlighted the advantage of combining proteomics and genomics, in order to establish the most appropriate protein database and to “validate” proteomics data
Ernoult, Emilie. "Recherche de biomarqueurs de la neurotoxicité des traitements anticancéreux à base d'oxaliplatine: approche protéomique quantitative." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668340.
Повний текст джерелаGuérin, Mathilde. "Développement d'une approche de protéomique quantitative appliquée au diagnostic des cancers du sein HER2 positif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0046.
Повний текст джерелаTherapeutics targeting HER2 protein or its pathway considerably improved the prognosis of HER2-positive BC. The actual approaches to evaluate HER2 expression, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization), are labor-intensive and low-throughput, and present discrepancies between them. Therefore, there is a real need to develop other strategies to rationalize the use of targeted therapeutics. Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) is a mass spectrometry-based approach for targeted proteomics able to detect and quantify numerous proteins with high-throughput allowing to follow mutated or activated status of targeted proteins. PRM could be a way to rationalize the use of targeted therapeutics to go through a more « personalized » medicine. The objective was to detect and quantify proteins implicated in HER2 pathway (EGFR, HER2, HER3, PTEN), phosphorylated peptides of HER2 and their response under treatment. We first selected proteotypic peptides of each protein and protein assays were generated. We detected and quantified proteotypic peptides of proteins of interest 1/on 17 breast cell lines on control condition and under treatment (trastuzumab or lapatinib). 2/ on more complex samples including patients-derived xenografts and human breast cancers. We correlated our data to gold standards western blot and IHC and to transcriptomic signatures previously validated. In the future, this approach could envision a picture of the expression and activation of proteins implicated in HER2-pathway. However, our strategy could be improved by more efficient mass spectrometers and the use of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples to be used in clinical practice
Vaca, Jacome Alvaro Sebastian. "Progress towards a better proteome characterization by quantitative mass spectrometry method development and proteogenomics." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe high intrinsic complexity of biological samples, the technical variability and the dependency of Bottom-up Proteomics to consensus protein sequence databases handicap the comprehensive analysis of an entire Proteome. My doctoral work was focused on method development in quantitative Proteomics and Proteogenomics in order to achieve a better proteome characterization. First, I focused on the development of global and targeted quantitative methods. The introduction and development of standard samples to assess the performances at any level of the analytical workflow is also described. These methods were applied to answer different biological questions. My PhD also focused on Proteogenomic method development. A high throughput N-terminomic analysis approach was developed and applied to the analysis of the human mitochondria. Finally, this manuscript presents a personalized multi-omics profiling strategy to improve the proteome analysis with the use of personalized databases
Bouyssié, David. "Développement de nouveaux outils bioinformatiques pour l'exploitation des données de spectrométrie de masse en protéomique haut-débit." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1671/.
Повний текст джерелаIn biology, mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool for protein identification. Associated with separation techniques, it can also be used to measure the variation of protein abundance between different samples. However, due to the huge quantity and complexity of the data produced by this kind of analysis, sophisticated and suitable computer programs are needed. My PhD work was to address the different issues related to the processing of nanoLC-MS/MS data, namely the validation of the identification results, and the relative quantification of proteins using approaches based or not on isotopic labeling. The MFPaQ program, two versions of which are presented here, is the main result of this work. Version 3 includes features such as Mascot data validation, generation of non-redundant protein lists and quantification of ICAT analyses. Version 4, which represents a major upgrade of the software, incorporates additional algorithms for quantitative analysis of label-free MS data, as well as for the handling of the 14N/15N and SILAC labeling strategies. This bioinformatic tool has been used for various proteomic studies, some of which are discussed here. In order to meet future IT challenges in proteomics, I undertook later the development of the Prosper software, which is based on an optimized architecture for organizing data, and allows performing cross-queries on all analysed samples. It also constitutes a prototype tool for the development and evaluation of new algorithms
Haddad, Iman. "Caractérisation protéomique du matrisome des maladies des petits vaisseaux cérébraux par spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS026.
Повний текст джерелаDiseases of the small vessels of the brain are responsible for damage to the white matter of the brain and multiple deep braininfarctions. They are the cause of more than 25% of strokes and are the second cause of dementia after Alzheimer's dementia. It is aset of pathological processes, which affect small arteries, arterioles, cerebral venule or capillary of less than 400µm. Thecerebrovascular matrisome seems to be a converging pathological pathway between the various diseases of the small vessels of thegenetic type and of the sporadic type. The matrisome is the set of proteins constituting the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as theassociated proteins, their roles consist not only in the support and the anchoring of the cells but also in various fundamental processessuch as differentiation, proliferation, Survival or migration of cells. The structural and physico-chemical diversity of these proteins,however, makes their analysis particularly delicate. Within the framework of this thesis we propose to characterize in a quantitativeand qualitative way the microvascular matrisome in the diseases of the small vessels, as well as to identify commonabnormalities orspecific to each disease. For this we have developed a label-free quantitative proteomic approach on cerebral and peripheral vesselsisolated from three preclinical genetic murine models and two murine models for the sporadic character. We have developed andvalidated a new robust and sensitive method for the quantitative non-labeling analysis of changes in the matrisome of mouse cerebralarteries and the application of our method on the arteries of the different mouse models studied has allowed us to identify someavenues. Interesting for each disease independently but also highlighted some common signatures between the different studies
El, Ouassouli Amine. "Discovering complex quantitative dependencies between interval-based state streams." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI061.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing utilization of sensor devices in addition to human-given data make it possible to capture real world systems complexity through rich temporal descriptions. More precisely, the usage of a multitude of data sources types allows to monitor an environment by describing the evolution of several of its dimensions through data streams. One core characteristic of such configurations is heterogeneity that appears at different levels of the data generation process: data sources, time models and data models. In such context, one challenging task for monitoring systems is to discover non-trivial temporal knowledge that is directly actionable and suitable for human interpretation. In this thesis, we firstly propose to use a Temporal Abstraction (TA) approach to express information given by heterogeneous raw data streams with a unified interval-based representation, called state streams. A state reports on a high level environment configuration that is of interest for an application domain. Such approach solves problems introduced by heterogeneity, provides a high level pattern vocabulary and also permits also to integrate expert(s) knowledge into the discovery process. Second, we introduced the Complex Temporal Dependencies (CTD) that is a quantitative interval-based pattern model. It is defined similarly to a conjunctive normal form and allows to express complex temporal relations between states. Contrary to the majority of existing pattern models, a CTD is evaluated with automatic statistical assessment of streams intersection avoiding the use of any significance user-given parameter. Third, we proposed CTD-Miner a first efficient CTD mining framework. CTD-Miner performs an incremental dependency construction. CTD-Miner benefits from pruning techniques based on a statistical correspondence relationship that aims to accelerate the exploration search space by reducing redundant information and provide a more usable result set. Finally, we proposed the Interval Time Lag Discovery (ITLD) algorithm. ITLD is based on a confidence variation heuristic that permits to reduce the complexity of the pairwise dependency discovery process from quadratic to linear w.r.t a temporal constraint Δ on time lags. Experiments on simulated and real world data showed that ITLD provides efficiently more accurate results in comparison with existing approaches. Hence, ITLD enhances significantly the accuracy, performances and scalability of CTD-Miner. The encouraging results given by CTD-Miner on our real world motion data set suggests that it is possible to integrate insights given by real time video processing approaches in a knowledge discovery process opening interesting perspectives for monitoring smart environments
Cogne, Yannick. "Bioinformatique pour l’exploration de la diversité inter-espèces et inter-populations : hétérogénéité & données multi-omiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT033/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe exploitation of omics data combining transcriptomic and proteomic enables the detailed study of the molecular mechanisms of non-model organisms exposed to an environmental stress. The assembly of data from the RNA-seq of non-model organism enables to produce the protein database for the interpretation of spectra generated in shotgun proteomics. In this context, the aim of the PhD work was to optimize the interpretation and analysis of proteomic data through the development of innovative concepts for the construction of protein databases and the exploration of biodiversity. The first step focused on the development of a pretreatment method for RNA-seq data based on proteomic attribution results. The second step was to work on reducing the size of the databases by optimizing the parameters of the automated coding region search. The optimized method enabled the analysis of 7 taxonomic groups of Gammarids representative of the diversity found in natura. The proteomic databases thus produced enabled the inter-population analysis of 40 individual Gammarus pulex proteomes from two sampling sites (polluted vs reference). Statistical analysis based on an "individual" approach has shown an heterogeneity of the biological response within a population of organisms induced by an environmental stress. Different subclusters of molecular mechanisms response have been identified. Finally, the study of the transversality of the biomarkers peptides identified with Gammarus fossarum revealed which are the common ones using both proteomic and transcriptomic data. For this purpose, a software for the exploration of peptide sequences has been developed suggesting potential substitute biomarkers when the defined peptides are not available for some species of gammarids. All these concepts aim to improve the interpretation of data by proteogenomics. This work opens the door to the multi-omic analysis of individuals collected in natura by considering inter-species and intra-population biodiversity
Paradis, René. "Implantation d'un système de cueillette et d'analyse de données générées par la plate-forme de protéomique du centre de recherche du CHUL." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21917/21917.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGuillaumot, Nina. "Nouvelles applications et opportunités en protéomique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF040/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to develop new methods for the identification, characterization and quantification of proteins best suited to a large diversity of proteomics studies, which is nowadays essential to biology. Our work has shown that proteomic analysis based on mass spectrometry can be a valuable and relevant tool to evaluate the isolation strategy efficiency set up for a specific complex and thus guide the biologists in their choice. The N-terminomic labeling strategy developed allowed us to describe a biological maturation process by determining precisely the Persephone protein activation sites using specific labeling of the successively generated N-terminal extremities. This work allowed elucidating a new regulation mechanism in the Drosophila innate immunity system. New chemical labeling reagents to target specific amino acids (cysteine, tyrosine and tryptophan) have been set up for fast mass-spectrometry based proteomics. These labeling strategies combined with proteomic tools will allow developing a robust and quantitative approach essential for biological studies
Télot, Lorène. "Pour une meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie de l'Ataxie de Friedreich : apport de protéomique quantitative pour la caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires altérés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC301.
Повний текст джерелаFriedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) represents the most frequent type of autosomal-recessively inherited ataxia associated with a cardiomyopathy, which is the main cause of the death, and a risk of diabetes. FRDA is caused by mutations in the FXN gene, encoding mitochondrial frataxin, arising from an unstable hyperexpansion of GAA triplet repeats in the first intron of the gene. This hyperexpansion leads to FXN gene silencing and a quantitative decreased expression of frataxin. However despite many efforts to overcome any of these abnormalities, there is currently no efficient treatment to cure or even stop the progression of this disease, mostly because many aspects of the pathological consequences of frataxin depletion are still not fully understood. The precise role of frataxin is still under debate. A key function of frataxin in Fe-S cluster biogenesis has now been clearly pointed out, but how its role in this essential cellular pathway correlates with the pathophysiology of FRDA needs to be further investigated. To better understand the biochemical sequelae of frataxin reduction, global protein expression analysis was performed using quantitative proteomic experiments in Friedreich’s ataxia patient-derived B-lymphocytes as compared to controls. We were able to confirm a subset of changes in these cells and importantly, we observed previously unreported signatures of protein expression. Mitochondria are closed to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and we used quantitative proteomic experiments to screen and analyze the impact of ER stress induced with thapsigargin in Friedreich’s ataxia patient-derived B-lymphocytes as compared to controls. We observed that the frataxin deficiency makes cells more sensitive to ER stress and leads to an up-regulation of specific adaptive mechanisms. The identification of a core set of proteins changing in the FRDA pathogenesis, with or without exogenous stress, is a useful tool in trying to decipher the function(s) of frataxin in order to clarify the metabolic disease process and find future targets for novel therapeutic strategies
Muller, Leslie. "Développements de méthodes de préparation d’échantillons pour l’analyse protéomique quantitative : application à la recherche de biomarqueurs de pathologies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF067/document.
Повний текст джерелаLabel-free quantitative proteomics strategies are very attractive for diseases biomarkers researches. These approaches require the full control and the repeatability of the analytical workflow. In particular, the sample preparation has to be repeatable enough to ensure the quality and reliability of the results. Objectives of this work were to optimize and develop analytical methods for quantitative proteomics, with a special focus on the sample preparation step. Thus, an innovative, easy and fast protocol allowing the analysis of high sample numbers with high repeatability was developed and further optimized: the “Tube-Gel” protocol. Besides,sample preparations adapted to a variety of biological matrices were developed for the search of biomarkers. The developed methods and their application allowed the identification of potential biomarkers for a variety of diseases: glioblastoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and renal transplants failures
Perier, Cynthia. "Analyse quantitative des données de routine clinique pour le pronostic précoce en oncologie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0219/document.
Повний текст джерелаTumor shape and texture evolution may highlight internal modifications resulting from the progression of cancer. In this work, we want to study the contribution of delta-radiomics features to cancer-evolution prediction. Our goal is to provide a complete pipeline from the 3D reconstruction of the volume of interest to the prediction of its evolution, using routinely acquired data only.To this end, we first analyse a subset of MRI(-extracted) radiomics biomarquers in order to determine conditions that ensure their robustness. Then, we determine the prerequisites of features reliability and explore the impact of both reconstruction and image processing (rescaling, grey-level normalization). A first clinical study emphasizes some statistically-relevant MRI radiomics features associated with event-free survival in anal carcinoma.We then develop machine-learning models to improve our results.Radiomics and machine learning approaches were then combined in a study on high grade soft tissu sarcoma (STS). Combining Radiomics and machine-learning approaches in a study on high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, we find out that a T2-MRI delta-radiomic signature with only three features is enough to construct a classifier able to predict the STS histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our ML pipeline is then trained and tested on a middle-size clinical dataset in order to predict early metastatic relapse of patients with breast cancer. This classification model is then compared to the relapsing time predicted by the mechanistic model.Finally we discuss the contribution of deep-learning techniques to extend our pipeline with tumor automatic segmentation or edema detection
Hichri, Maha. "Étude omique de la régulation de la thyroïde par l’iode et du rôle de SLC5A8 dans la thyroïde." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4061/document.
Повний текст джерелаIodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones. Thyroid cells capture the circulating iodine and concentrate it in the colloid. Then, it is incorporated into the thyroglobulin, the hormone precursor protein, by an organification mechanism. The iodine uptake capacity by the thyroid is finely regulated, not only by the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) but also by circulating iodine. Indeed, in case of high circulating iodine, the thyroid actives a self-regulating mechanism called the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. This phenomenon results in a transient limitation of thyroid hormone production which is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of NIS (Natrium Iodide Symporter), the protein that is responsible for the active transport of iodine in the thyroid. In this study, global omics approaches were used to study this regulation in the context of the administration of an iodized product and mice invalidated for a gene coding a monocarboxylate transporter expressed in the thyroid. In the first part, the effect of iodinated contrast media (ICM), commonly used in medical imaging, has been studied. The administration of these agents leads to a reduction in the uptake of iodine often explained by a Wolff-Chaikoff effect associated with an iodine release potential. Through an overall quantitative proteomic approach, the mouse thyroid proteome, after administration of ICM, was compared to the proteome under conditions of excess iodine. In the second part, the role of SLC5A8 in thyroid function and the mechanisms underlying the Wolff-Chaikoff effect were studied in mice invalidated for the Slc5a8 gene (Solute carrier family 5 number 8) and wild type mice. SLC5A8 is a membrane protein identified in the laboratory and expressed in the thyrocyte apical membrane. This protein catalyzes the monocarboxylates transport in different organs but its role in the thyroid remains unsolved. Invalidation does not have a major effect on thyroid function. By using a comparative multiomic approach which combines transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the effects of this invalidation and / or regulation by iodine in the thyroid have been explored. Data processing reveals many pathways activated under different conditions with mechanisms to compensate for the effect of invalidation by the administration of iodine. The results indicate that the loss of SLC5A8 function affects the organization and / or maturation of thyroglobulin, the control of oxidative stress and of free iodine in the thyroid
Jost, Christian. "Comparaison qualitative et quantitative de modèles proie-prédateur à des données chronologiques en écologie." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005771.
Повний текст джерелаsystèmes observés en laboratoire ou sur le terrain. Le premier modèle suppose que la réponse
fonctionnelle dépend uniquement de la densité des proies, et présente donc les caractéristiques
des modèles où les abondances sont contrôlées "de haut en bas". Au contraire, le second
modèle considère que la réponse fonctionnelle dépend du ratio entre densité de proies et densité de prédateurs, et inclut donc une régulation des abondances "de bas en haut".L'analyse
mathématique de ce modèle ratio-dépendant fait apparaître des dynamiques de bord riches avec
de multiples attracteurs, dont l'un est l'origine (extinction des deux populations). La différence
majeure entre les deux modèles réside dans leurs prédictions sur la réponse d'un système à
l'enrichissement: déstabilisation, et augmentation de l'abondance à l'équilibre du prédateur
uniquement dans le modèle proie-dépendant, stabilité inchangée et augmentation de l'abondance
à l'équilibre des proies et des prédateurs dans le modèle ratio-dépendant. La comparaison de ces
deux modèles avec le modèle verbal PEG (décrivant la dynamique planctonique dans les lacs)
montre que tous deux peuvent rendre compte de cette dynamique si des changements saisonniers
sont introduits dans les valeurs d'un ou plusieurs paramètres. Nous comparons quantitativement
les deux modèles avec différents types de séries temporelles de systèmes proie-prédateur
par la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance. Les données concernant des protozoaires ou
des arthropodes (en laboratoire) sont en général mieux décrites par le modèle proie-dépendant.
Pour l'interaction phytoplancton-zooplancton, les deux modèles conviennent aussi bien l'un que
l'autre. Le fait d'utiliser les deux modèles peut alors permettre de détecter parmi les prédictions
celles qui sont sensibles à la prédateur-dépendance et, éventuellement, d'orienter des recherches
supplémentaires.
Baala, Mohamad. "Etude quantitative des anomalies magnétiques par le signal analytique : application à des données océaniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/BAALA_Mohamad_2005.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to explore the analytic signal theory and its applicability to the interpretation of oceanic anomalies. The application of analytic signal to the analysis of magnetic profiles makes possible the quantitive determination of geometric and magnetic parameters of magnetic structures. The apparent inclination and magnetic localization depth estimates, by the application of 1D analytic signal on profiles acquired on the Est. -Indian Ridge, shows progressive acquisition of magnetization by the lithosphere deep layers, with respect to the distance to the ridge. The construction of 1D analytic signal includes the evaluation of the Hilbert transformation of the signal. By the evaluation of Riesz transform, which is known as an appropriate 2D generalization of the Hilbert transform, the definition of the 2D analytic signal has be introduced. This approach allows the resolution of the i1D magnetic anomaly source. But, for the i2D magnetic anomaly, the estimation of the source parameters is affected by the magnetic vectors direction. From the consideration of continue Radon transform, we attempt to solve this problem. A new signal analytic amplitude for magnetic interpretation has been proposed based on the decomposition of an i2D magnetic anomaly into its i1D projections. This amplitude shows appropriate properies for the interpretation of i2D magnetic signals
Shawahna, Ramzi. "Expression génomique et protéomique quantitative des transporteurs et des enzymes du métabolisme au niveau de la barrière hémato-encéphalique humaine." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05P622.
Повний текст джерелаDrug entry and distribution into the brain is a delicate process as modulated by the interaction between the drug molecule with influx and/or efflux drug transporters as well as metabolizing enzymes at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The transport and metabolic activities of transporters and enzymes are often correlated with their protein amounts. In the first study, we are reporting a relatively exhaustive quantitative gene expression and absolute protein quantification of 71 solute carrier (SLC) and organic solute (OST) transporters, 34 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and 51 phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes in freshly isolated human brain microvessels. Our study showed that glucose and amino acid transporters were the main uptake transporters expressed. Interestingly, our study showed that ABCG2/BCRP protein was 1. 6-fold more than ABCB1/MDR1. CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 were quantifiable at both gene and protein levels. Interestingly, microvessels highly expressed GSTs, whereas, UGTs were completely absent. In the second study, we quantitatively investigated the gene expression of cell type markers, SLC and ABC transporters, phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes and some transcriptional factors in an optimized in vitro human BBB model (hCMEC/D3). The hCMEC/D3 cells were less fenestrated as compared to non-cerebral (HUVEC) cells as shown by PLVAP which was less expressed by 70. 7-fold in hCMEC/D3 cells. In accordance with human brain microvessels, hCMEC/D3 expressed glucose and amino acids transporters. Treatment with the Wnt/β-catenin agonist, lithium chloride (LiCl), enriched the gene expression of ABCG2/BCRP and ABCC5/MRP5 and CYP1A1 by 5. 6-fold, 2. 5-fold and 9. 1-fold, respectively. Similar to microvessels hCMEC/D3 cells highly expressed GSTs and the transcriptional factor AhR
Marie, Pauline. "Biominéralisation de la coquille d'oeuf de poule : caractérisation des protéines de la matrice organique impliquées dans l'initiation de la minéralisation." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD was to identify and quantify eggshell organic matrix proteins which control polymorphic type and morphology of crystals at different time points of the eggshell mineralization process in order to highlight particular components involved in calcification at each calcification stage. A total of 64 and 175 proteins differentially abundant during mineralization process were identified in the forming milieu (uterine fluid) and in the eggshell organic matrix respectively. Out of them, 24 uterine fluid and 77 eggshell proteins are functionally related to the mineralization process. We paid particular attention to 20 overabundant proteins with direct or indirect functional evidences related to calcification. Further studies will be necessary to confirm their involvement in the chicken eggshell mineralization
Fornecker, Luc-Matthieu. "Développements méthodologiques en analyse protéomique pour la découverte et la validation de biomarqueurs dans les hémopathies lymphoïdes B de l'adulte." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF015/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe current development of new « omics » technologies has led to the discovery of a large number of potential biomarkers, particularly in the field of oncology. Proteomics analysis bymass spectrometry have particularly benefited from these technological advances with the development of new global or targeted quantitative approaches. Nevertheless, only a few numbers of potential biomarkers are finally used in clinical practice, requiring further optimization of the development process. Following the initial identification of biomarkers in the diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies performed previously, this thesis has allowed the development of a targeted proteomics method that can be used for the validation of new potential biomarkers. The ability of analysing a large number of samples with a global quantitative approach has also been demonstrated. The application of these global quantitative strategies on lymph node tissue of aggressive lymphoma has permitted the identification of potential new biomarkers associated with chemorefractoriness. Lastly, a tube-gel protocol facilitating the analysis of a large number of samples has been validated for differential proteomics studies
Li, Yubing. "Analyse de vitesse par migration quantitative dans les domaines images et données pour l’imagerie sismique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM002/document.
Повний текст джерелаActive seismic experiments are widely used to characterize the structure of the subsurface. Migration Velocity Analysis techniques aim at recovering the background velocity model controlling the kinematics of wave propagation. The first step consists of obtaining the reflectivity images by migrating observed data in a given macro velocity model. The estimated model is then updated, assessing the quality of the background velocity model through the image coherency or focusing criteria. Classical migration techniques, however, do not provide a sufficiently accurate reflectivity image, leading to incorrect velocity updates. Recent investigations propose to couple the asymptotic inversion, which can remove migration artifacts in practice, to velocity analysis in the subsurface-offset domain for better robustness. This approach requires large memory and cannot be currently extended to 3D. In this thesis, I propose to transpose the strategy to the more conventional common-shot migration based velocity analysis. I analyze how the approach can deal with complex models, in particular with the presence of low velocity anomaly zones or discontinuous reflectivities. Additionally, it requires less memory than its counterpart in the subsurface-offset domain. I also propose to extend Inversion Velocity Analysis to the data-domain, leading to a more linearized inverse problem than classic waveform inversion. I establish formal links between data-fitting principle and image coherency criteria by comparing the new approach to other reflection-based waveform inversion techniques. The methodologies are developed and analyzed on 2D synthetic data sets
Delcourt, Nicolas. "Développement de nouveaux outils pour l'analyse protéomique quantitative et la phosphoprotéomique : application à l'étude de sécrétomes gliaux et de voies de signalisation impliquées dans la survie neuronale." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T019.
Повний текст джерелаHoedt, Esthelle. "Activité antitumorale des isoformes de la lactoferrine, une approche comparative et quantitative." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10017/document.
Повний текст джерелаTranscription of the lactoferrin gene results in the production of two isoforms: a secreted lactoferrin (Lf) and intracellular delta-lactoferrin (ΔLf). Lf has numerous functions including immunomodulatory and antitumoral activities. We showed that ΔLf is a transcription factor, the only activity it shares with Lf being its anticancer activity. Lf and ΔLf are potential tumor suppressors whose expression is downregulated in the case of cancer. They may be considered as healthy markers, the expression of which is correlated with a good prognosis in breast cancer. During my PhD thesis, We developed quantitative Taqman PCR assay to evaluate the level of expression of the transcripts of the two Lf isoforms in case of cancer or in an inflammatory context. We then studied the proteome profile of ΔLf-expressing cells using 2-D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analyses. Our data established that DcpS, a key enzyme in mRNA decay, is a new target of ΔLf transcriptional activity. In parallel, we demonstrated that Lf stability and transcriptional activity are regulated by O-GlcNAcylation. Finally, We compare the differential effects of the two antitumoral isoforms on the cancerous mammary gland MDA-MB-231 cell line. We used a high-throughput proteomic approach (Stable Isotope Labelling with Amino acids in Cell culture, SILAC) coupled to mass spectrometry to carry out highly accurate quantitative and systematic proteome profiling in collaboration with the team of Dr. Monsarrat (IPBS, Toulouse). Our study allowed the identification of SelH, a thioredoxin like protein, as a target of both Lf and ΔLf transcriptional activity and suggested that secreted Lf acts as a transcription factor
Serov, Vassili. "Dynamique de photodissociation en champs laser : interprétation quantitative de données expérimentales sur NO2 et H+2." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112046.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the absorption and photodissociation dynamics of small molecules in close relation with recently recorded experimental data. Quantitative theory-versus-experiment comparisons are carried out for two systems; namely NO2 and H2+. The atmospheric photochemistry of NO2 (low field absorption spectroscopy) on the one hand and the angularly resolved photodissociation spectroscopy of H2+ (excited by strong laser pulse) on the other hand, are the basic motivations. The methodology is a full quantum wavepacket propagation split operator technique that bas been extended such as to take thoroughly into account two strongly coupled electronic states. In the case of NO2 the strong coupling is due to a conical intersection, whereas for H2+, the intensity of the laser field is responsible for the strength of the radiative coupling. Very accurate results, when compared with laboratory measurements, are obtained both for the NO2 absorption spectrum and for the kinetic and angular distributions of H fragments resulting from the multiphoton dissociation of H2+. The role of isotopomers (both for NO2 and D2+, HD+) and the inclusion of the ionization-dissociation competition and Coulomb explosion (for H2+) are among the perspectives of the work
Pissaloux, Daniel. "Profils d'expression des microARN dans les sarcomes : des données brutes aux applications cliniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997015.
Повний текст джерелаPapin, Nelly. "Développement d'une puce à protéine pour l'analyse quantitative du protéome par spectrométrie de masse." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D033.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis project deals with protein quantification and characterization technology. The aim of this thesis was to develop a protein microarray to quantify proteins in different biological samples. The method involved differential labelling of proteome extracts with chemical tags for the purpose of protein differenciation and quantification. After modification, the protein samples were mixed and applied to a hydrogel antibody microarray. Following washing with PBST, the captured proteins were digested by trypsin or glu C on the features. The peptides were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to obtain their relative quantification. As a proof of concept, was developed the MS quantification based on differential chemical modification and studied the impact of modification on the antibody interaction. Capture agents were commercial available antibodies which had suitable binding characteristics. Using this approach, we achieved quantification of apolipoprotein AI in serum corresponding to classical diagnostic analysis results, thus supporting our goal of applying this technology for diagnostic and clinical analysis
Talouarn, Estelle. "Utilisation des données de séquence pour la cartographie fine et l'évaluation génomique des caractères d'intérêt des caprins laitiers français." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0067.
Повний текст джерелаFrench dairy goats recently integrated genomics with the development of a DNA chip in the 2010s and the first QTL detections and genomic evaluations. The availability of sequence data for farm animals opens up new opportunities. The VarGoats project is an international 1,000 genomes resequencing program designed to provide sequence information of the Capra hircus species. The study of imputation quality to sequence level is a necessary first step before using imputed sequences in association analysis and genomic evaluations. The main objective of this work was to study the possible integration of sequence data in the French dairy goats breeding programs. The set up of a quality check represented a sizable part of this thesis. It was based on bibliographic research and the comparison between available 50k genotypes and sequence data. Out of the initial 97,889,899 SNPs and 12,304,043 indels, we eventually retained 23,338,436 variants including 40,491 SNPs of the Illumina GoatSNP50 BeadChip. A preliminary study of imputation from 50k genotypes to sequence was then performed with the aim of getting a sufficient number of sequenced animals of good quality. Several softwares and methods were considered (family or population imputation) using the 829 sequenced animals available. Within-breed imputation led to genotype and allele concordance of 0.74 and 0.86 in Saanen and 0.76 and 0.87 in Alpine respectively. Correlations were then of 0.26 and 0.24 in Alpine and Saanen respectively. Imputed sequence of males confirmed signals previously identified using 50k genotypes and allowed the detection of new regions of interest. The density of sequence data represented an unprecedented opportunity to deepen our understanding of QTL region of chromosome 19 in the Saanen breed. This region is associated to production, type and udder health traits as well as semen production traits. Our analysis did not point out any candidate mutation. However, we offer a simple way to identify genomic and phenotypic profiles in the Saanen breed using 50k genotypes. This method could be of use for early prediction in France but also worldwide. Finally, using all previous results, we studied the impact of the integrating imputed sequence data of chromosome 19 on the accuracy of evaluations in French Saanen. Several evaluation models were compared : single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) and weighted single-step GBLUP (WssGBLUP) using different panels of imputed variants. Best results were obtained using ssGBLUP with 50k genotypes and all variants on the QTL region of chromosome 19 (between 24.72 and 28.38Mb): +6.2% accuracy on average for all evaluated traits. The 50k chip update to which I participated represents a opportunity to improve genomic evaluations. Indeed, it significantly improved accuracy of predictions (between 3.1 and 6.4% on average depending on the scenario) while limiting computation time associated to imputation. This work confirms the benefits of using sequence data in the French dairy goats breeding programs and opens up the perspective of integrating them in the routine genomic evaluations
Chazarin, Blandine. "Développements en protéomique pour mieux comprendre la physiologie de l’ours brun hibernant et ouvrir la voie vers de nouvelles thérapies contre l’atrophie musculaire humaine." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF037.
Повний текст джерелаTo analyze samples from "exotic" organisms using proteomics, analytical developments are required. Our developments were made to study protein saving mechanisms in hibernating brown bears. The complementarity of proteomics approaches (SDS PaGE-XIC, 2D-DIGE-MS, LC-SRM-MS) and bioinformatics developments (e.g. use of genome assembly data, extraction of functional annotations [Gene Ontology, neXtProt, KEGG]) have led to show that muscle beta-oxidation is preferential, glycolysis being maintained. High levels of omega 3 fatty acids, decreased oxidative stress, and the existence of anti-proteolytic compounds in the serum of hibernating bears contribute to muscle sparing. To identify these compounds, we developed fractionation of the bear serum (chromatography, proteolysis, high abundance protein depletion) and showed that ketone bodies could be involved. These results suggest new therapeutic solutions against muscle atrophy in immobilized people, the elderly or astronauts
Cliquet, Freddy. "Des spectres MS/MS à l'identification des protéines - Interprétation des données issues de l'analyse d'un mélange de protéines d'un organisme non séquencé." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625749.
Повний текст джерелаTruc, Loïc. "Développement et application d'une méthode de reconstitution paléoclimatique quantitative basée sur des données polliniques fossiles en Afrique australe." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20200/document.
Повний текст джерелаLocated at the interface between tropical and temperate climate systems, southern Africa is a particularly sensitive region in terms of long-term climate change. However, few reliable paleoclimatic records exist from the region – largely as a result of the arid climate with precludes the preservation of wetland sequences - , and virtually no quantitative reconstructions are available.The aim of this thesis is to develop quantitative palaeoclimate reconstruction method based the relation between modern plant distributions and climate in southern Africa. We develop botanical-climatological transfer functions derived from probability density functions (pdfs), allowing for quantitative estimates of the palaeoclimatic variables to be calculated from fossil pollen assemblages. In addition, a species-selection method (SSM) based on Bayesian statistics is outlined, which provides a parsimonious choice of most likely plant species from what are otherwise taxonomically broad pollen-types. This method addresses limitations imposed by the low taxonomic resolution of pollen identification, which is particularly problematic in areas of high biodiversity such as many regions of southern Africa.This methodology has been applied to pollen record from Wonderkrater (South Africa). Results indicate that temperatures during both the warm and cold season were 6±2°C colder during the Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas, and that rainy season precipitation during the Last Glacial Maximum was ~50% of that during the mid-Holocene. Our results also imply that changes in precipitation at Wonderkrater generally track changes in Mozambique Channel sea-surface temperatures, with a steady increase following the Younger Dryas to a period of maximum water availability at Wonderkrater ~3-7 ka. These findings indicate that the northern and southern tropics experienced similar climatic trends during the last 20 kyr, and highlight the role of variations in sea-surface temperatures over the more popularly perceived role of a shifting Intertropical Convergence Zone in determining long-term environmental trends.This method has also been applied to a pollen record from Pakhuis Pass, in the Fynbos Biome (South Africa). Results show the limitations of quantitative methods, with only unrealistically low amplitude being reconstructed between the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene (~2°C). However, results indicate that the reconstructed temperature trends, if not amplitudes, are similar to trends observed in Antarctic ice core records. Further, in reconstructing past humidity, we show that over the last 18 kyr, cooler conditions appear to be generally wetter at the site. These results are consistent with Cockcroft model (1987), derived from equatorward shift of the westerlies resulting from expansions of the circum-polar vortex.This study shows the potential of using modern plant distributions to estimates past climate parameters in southern Africa, and the species selection method proves to be a useful tool in region with high biodiversity. This work provides a novel perspective in the region, where no quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions have been available. However, results from Pakhuis Pass highlight some of the limitations of this methodology, which will be subject of future work in this promising field of inquiry
Coutand, Frédérique. "Reconstruction d'images en tomographie scintigraphique cardiaque par fusion de données." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1996. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00730942.
Повний текст джерелаFabre, Bertrand. "Analyse de la diversité structurale des complexes de protéasome humain par approches protéomiques quantitatives." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30328.
Повний текст джерелаMost of essential cellular pathways require the coordinated action of a large number of proteins that associate to form multi-protein complexes, often highly dynamic in time, space and abundance. The proteasome, an ubiquitous multiprotein complex, is responsible for the degradation of modified and non-functional proteins, or proteins involved in the regulation of most cellular key processes. Therefore the proteasome has a large functional, but also structural, diversity. It is constituted by the dynamic association between several complexes with a central catalytic particle, called 20S proteasome, present in all proteasome complexes, and four types of regulators, called 19S, PA28aß, PA28? and PA200. The cellular 20S proteasome exists in four main conformations, depending on the controlled integration of standard (ß1, ß2 and ß5), or immunological (ß1i, ß2i and ß5i) catalytic subunits, and can be found in its free form or in association with one or two, identical or different, regulatory complexes. The level of knowledge of these complexes stoichiometry, their cellular distribution, their dynamics and their specific functional roles is now very limited. The aim of this thesis project was to develop approaches using the most recent quantitative proteomic techniques based on mass spectrometry to study the structural diversity of proteasome complex. First, we studied the distribution of proteasome complexes in acute myeloid leukemia cells (U937 and KG1a). We optimized an integrated strategy combining in vivo formaldehyde cross-linking for an early stabilization of proteasome complexes, cellular fractionation of cross-linked cells, immunopurification of proteasome complexes, and label-free mass spectrometry quantification of proteins. Our results showed that, at the subcellular level, the proteasome is mainly regulated through changes in the 20S proteasome interaction with its regulators rather than through changes in the composition of its catalytic subunits. In a second part, we identified all proteasome associated proteins in three different compartments of U937 cells to determine its main subcellular functions. We showed that the proteasome is rather associated with intracellular signaling pathways in the cytosol whereas it is mainly associated with proteins involved in protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the nucleus, we found that the proteasome is associated with proteins involved in transcription or DNA damage response. These results highlight a specialized function of proteasome in each cellular compartment. In a third part, we extended the study of proteasome complexes to 8 cell lines of different origins and we showed that catalytic subunits and regulators compositions of proteasome complexes are highly variable depending on the cell type. In addition, we have developed a method of protein abundance profiling that allowed us to define the existence of proteasome complex subtypes formed by specific 20S proteasome species and regulatory complexes. One of these preferential interactions involving the immunoproteasome and the PA28aß regulator has been confirmed by other biochemical approaches. Our work, based on the development of innovative biochemical tools and quantitative proteomic strategies, have thus helped to better understand the diversity, the stoichiometry and the dynamics of proteasome complexes at the subcellular level and between different cell types. The developed methods might be useful to study the distribution and composition of other protein complexes
Le, Moan Natacha. "Approches globales de l’état redox du résidu cystéine." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112125.
Повний текст джерелаThe thiol group of cysteine provides this amino acid high chemical reactivity exploited in enzymatic catalysis, metal binding, oxidative folding, H2O2 and NO signaling and redox regulation. The chemical nature of the sulfur atom of cysteine allows this amino acid to exist in several different redox forms. Oxidation of the thiol group of cysteine is mainly restricted to compartments that contain specific oxidases, catalyzing this oxidation as the endoplasmic reticulum or intermembrane space of mitochondria. In contrast, the cytoplasm is generally viewed as a highly reducing environment due to the presence of very efficient electron flow pathways that catalyze reduction of the cysteine residue: the thioredoxin and the glutathione pathways. We addressed the reducing nature of the cytoplasm by identifying oxidized protein-thiol using redox proteomics. We differentially labeled protein oxidized thiols using biotin-HPDP, followed by purification to identify oxidized proteins, and 14C- or fluorescent-labelled N-ethylmaleimide, that provide a quantitative estimate of oxidation. Both methods consistently revealed a high number of oxidized proteins in the cytoplasm of S. Cerevisiae cells. We also studied the effect of anaerobiosis, H2O2, and inactivation of the thioredoxin and glutathione pathways. Thioredoxin deletion generated a pronounced oxidation increase of antioxidants, while glutathione depletion decreased the oxidized proteins. Our main conclusion is the contrasted function of electron flow pathways, with thioredoxin having an exclusive role in H2O2 metabolism and glutathione acting as a cellular redox buffer
Conrard, Blaise. "Contribution à l'évaluation quantitative de la sûreté de fonctionnement des systèmes d'automatisation en phase de conception." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0242_CONRARD.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTemanni, Mohamed Ramzi. "Combinaison de sources de données pour l'amélioration de la prédiction en apprentissage : une application à la prédiction de la perte de poids chez l'obèse à partir de données transcriptomiques et cliniques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814513.
Повний текст джерелаTandeo, Pierre. "MODÉLISATION SPATIO-TEMPORELLE D'UNE VARIABLE QUANTITATIVE À PARTIR DE DONNÉES MULTI-SOURCES APPLICATION À LA TEMPÉRATURE DE SURFACE DES OCÉANS." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582679.
Повний текст джерелаTandeo, Pierre. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle d’une variable quantitative à partir de données multi-sources : Application à la température de surface des océans." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582679.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, an important oceanographic variable for the monitoring of the climate is studied: the sea surface temperature. At the global level, this variable is observed along the ocean by several remote sensed sources. In order to treat all this information, statistical methods are used to summarize our variable of interest in global daily map. For that purpose, a state-space linear model with Gaussian error is suggested. We begin to introduce this model on data resulting from having an irregular sampling. Then, we work on the estimation of the parameters. This is based on the combination of the method of moments and the maximum likelihood estimates, with the study of the EM algorithm and the Kalman recursions. Finally, this methodology is applied to estimate the variance of errors and the temporal correlation parameter to the Atlantic ocean. We add the spatial component and propose a separable second order structure, based on the product of a temporal covariance and a spatial anisotropic covariance. According to usual geostatistical methods, the parameters of this covariance are estimated on the Atlantic ocean and form a relevant atlas for the oceanographers. Finally, we show that the contribution of the spatial information increases the predictive behaviour of the model
Liu, Can. "Embodied Interaction for Data Manipulation Tasks on Wall-sized Displays." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS207/document.
Повний текст джерелаLarge data sets are used acceleratingly in various professional domains, such as medicine and business. This rises challenges in managing and using them, typically including sense-making, searching and classifying. This does not only require advanced algorithms to process the data sets automatically, but also need users' direct interaction to make initial judgment or to correct mistakes from the machine work. This dissertation explores this problem domain and study users' direct interaction with scattered large data sets. Human body is made for interacting with the physical world, from micro scope to very large scales. We can naturally coordinate ourselves to see, hear, touch and move to interact with the environment in various scales. Beyond individual, humans collaborate with each other through communication and coordination. Based on Dourish's definitioncite{2001:AFE:513034}, Embodied Interaction encourages interaction designers to take advantage of users' existing skills in the physical world, when designing the interaction with digital artefacts. I argue that large interactive spaces enable embodied user interaction with data spread over space, by leveraging users' physical abilities such as walking, approaching and orienting. Beyond single users, co-located environments provide multiple users with physical awareness and verbal gestural communication. While single users' physical actions have been augmented to be various input modalities in existing research, the augmentation of between-user resources has been less explored. In this dissertation, I first present an experiment that formally evaluates the advantage of single users performing a data manipulation task on a wall-sized display, comparing to on a desktop computer. It shows that using users' physical movements to navigate in a large data surface, outperforms existing digital navigation techniques on a desktop computer such as Focus+Context. With the same experimental task, I then study the interaction efficiency of collaborative data manipulation with a wall-sized display, in loosely or closely coupled collaboration styles. The experiment measures the effect of providing a Shared Interaction Technique, in which collaborators perform part of an action each to issue a command. The results conclude its benefits in terms of efficiency, user engagement as well as physical fatigue. Finally, I explore the concept of augmenting human-to-human interaction with shared interaction techniques, and illustrate a design space of such techniques for supporting collaborative data manipulation. I report the design, implementation and evaluation of a set of these techniques and discuss the future work
Cernay, Charles. "Identifier des légumineuses à graines productives en Europe par synthèses quantitatives de données à large échelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA014.
Повний текст джерелаSeveral studies have stressed the importance of increasing grain legume production in Europe. To date, no quantitative data syntheses have been conducted to compare the productive (and environmental) performances of different grain legumes in this region. The objective of the PhD thesis was to identify grain legume species displaying high productivity levels in Europe. Three data sources were used on a large scale: statistical data, experimental data across Europe and other world regions, and food and feed composition data for grain legumes. In total, 29 species were compared on the basis of their productivity levels, and on their effects on the yields of the subsequent cereals. We estimated the interannual variability in grain legume yields across Europe and the Americas. Results show that grain legume yields are significantly more variable than non-legume yields in Europe. These differences are smaller in the Americas. We built a global experimental dataset including 173 published articles, 41 countries, and 8,581 crop observations. A first meta-analysis was conducted using this experimental dataset. Results show that soybean (Glycine max), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), and faba bean (Vicia faba), display, in general, similar productivity levels, and sometimes higher, compared with those of pea (Pisum sativum) in Europe. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, we estimated that a replacement of 25% of the area currently under pea (Pisum sativum) with faba bean (Vicia faba), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), and soybean (Glycine max), would increase protein production by +3%, +4%, and +28%, in Europe, respectively. A second meta-analysis was conducted using the same experimental dataset. Results show that the yields of cereals cultivated after grain legumes are, on average, +29% significantly higher than the yields of cereals cultivated after cereals; this positive effect is significant for 13 of 16 grain legume species. The effect of preceding grain legume cultivation decreases as a function of the nitrogen (N) fertilization rate applied to subsequent cereals, and becomes negligible when the mean nitrogen fertilization rate exceeds 150 kg N ha-1. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, we estimated that the expected relative decrease in cereal production, resulting from an increase in the proportion of a grain legume in a cereal monoculture, is partially mitigated by the positive effect of the grain legume on the yield of the subsequent cereal under low nitrogen input conditions. Globally, the PhD thesis identifies faba bean (Vicia faba) as an interesting candidate species in Europe, followed by pea (Pisum sativum), soybean (Glycine max), and lupins (Lupinus spp.). Lentil (Lens culinaris), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), display low productivity levels. However, these species are often promoted for their nutritional benefits for the human diet. Based on comparative insight gained from experiments in North America and Oceania, we suggest assessing the productivity levels of several vetches and lupins (i.e., Lathyrus, Lupinus, and Vicia species excluding Vicia faba), in future field experiments in Europe
Stauber, Jonathan. "Imagerie MALDI : nouveaux développements et applications cliniques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-379.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent innovations in molecular biology were realized with the evolution of the imaging techniques in the field of Genomics, Transcriptomics, and recently in Proteomics with an essential tool, the mass spectrometry. This imaging technique create characteristic protein profiles of the cellular states, and appears today as an undissociable tool for research in biology and medicine. The last developments look to emerge the mass spectrometry to a molecular imaging to identify pathologies, to observe the drugs distributions in tissues, or the diseases diagnosis or prognosis. This unique and recent technology should be developed, improved, and standardized. It's in this point of view the my PhD training named MALDI imaging new developments and clinical applications was defined. The different results obtained during my PhD were permits to create a concept of Specific Imaging Mass Spectrometry, to develop Molecular MALDI imaging of frozen and FFPE tissues with many applications in the research of specific biomarkers in Parkinson disease and ovarian cancer. The evolution of this unique molecular imaging technique should be in the next years a complementary method of others in vivo imaging technique
Burat, Bastien. "Apports de la protéomique quantitative différentielle haut-débit à l'étude des mécanismes de modification du cytosquelette de cellules tubulaires proximales induits par les Inhibiteurs de la Calcineurine." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0104/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn solid organ transplantation, Calcineurin Inhibitors, Cyclosporin A and Tacrolimus, prevent allograft rejection and ensure short-term allograft survival. However, CNI elicit nephrotoxic side effects whose mechanisms remain widely unsolved and are thought to participate to the multifactorial development of chronic kidney disease, leading to renal failure. The aim of thiswork was to combine targeted and untargeted experimental strategies to better understand CNI-induced physiopathological mechanisms.The first approach was based on the untargeted monitoring of the proximal tubular proteome by the quantitative shotgun proteomic technique, iTRAQ (« isobaric Tags for Relative & Absolute Quantitation »). The second approach consisted in the study of the Actin cytoskeleton of proximal tubular cells by classical molecular biology techniques. In the light of results from both approaches, this work reported that the Actin cytoskeleton of proximal tubular cells may play a part in the pathophysiology of CsA thanks to a mechanism based on an original regulation of the intracellular dynamics of Actin
Barthélemy, Nicolas. "Protéomique qualitative et quantitative, une passerelle pour relier l’expression génomique à la construction des édifices biologiques : Application à la compréhension de la structure moléculaire du cheveu humain." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/BARTHELEMY_Nicolas_2011.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHair fiber is a sophisticated biological material for which the details of its molecular structure failed to be well understood because of the lack of data regarding protein expression and organization. In this context, improvement on human hair cells knowledge with proteomic approaches has been performed in this PhD. This work has been structured in four parts : establishment of the knowledge on hair biology and its molecular structure obtained by literature mining. Development of a well-suited proteomic strategy for the special case of hair proteins analysis. This strategy is mainly based on the improvement of nanoLC-ESI-Q-TOF coupling for high-throughput peptide sequencing. Cell type isolation to study the proteome of cortical and cuticular hair cells. We have compared the semi quantitative expression of the identified proteins to investigate their location in those proteomes. These analyses led to protein expression evidence for 60% of keratin associated proteins predicted genes (KAP) compared to the only 20% previously evidenced (according to Uniprot). Use of complementary approaches to attempt to refine the quantification of the major proteins of cortical cells, to evidence structural properties for specific protein sequences and to propose hypotheses for the main KAP genes origin
Trauchessec, Mathieu. "Développement d'une méthode de quantification absolue et multiplexe par spectrométrie de masse, pour les enzymes du métabolisme central d'Escherichia coli : application à des problématiques d'ingénierie métabolique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV081/document.
Повний текст джерелаMetabolic engineering aims at designing high performance strains to produce compounds of interest. For this purpose and to predict metabolic fluxes, GEnome-scale Models (GEMs) are developed, integrating multi-OMICS experimental data. Particularly, accurate enzymes amounts are crucial data to determine kinetic parameters but remain difficult to obtain in a multiplexed and accurate fashion. In this Ph.D work we developed a highly accurate and multiplexed workflow for generating quantitative proteomic data, using full length protein labelled standards coupled to a mass spectrometry-based technique called Selected Reaction Monitoring. This workflow was applied to E. coli strains: a wild-type strain and two other strains optimized for higher NADPH production. Results demonstrated that such data combined with measurements of metabolic fluxes, allow apprehending different levels of regulation, namely enzyme abundance and activity. In addition, accurate measurement of enzyme concentration is a key technology for the development of predictive kinetic models in the context of metabolic engineering
Dubuc, Carole. "Vers une amélioration de l’analyse des données et une optimisation des plans d’expérience pour une analyse quantitative du risque en écotoxicologie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10039/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn ecotoxicology, the effects of toxic compounds on living organisms are usually measured at the individual level, in the laboratory and according to standards. This ensures the reproducibility of bioassays and the control of environmental factors. Bioassays, in acute or chronic toxicity, generally apply to survival, reproduction and growth of organisms. The statistical analysis of standardized bioassays classically leads to the estimation of critical effect concentrations used in risk assessment. Nevertheless, several methods/models are used to determine a critical effect concentration. These methods/models are more and less adapted to the data type. The first aim of this work is to select the most adapted methods/models to improve data analysis and so the critical effect concentration estimation. Usually, data sets are built from standard bioassays and so follow recommendations about exposure duration, number and range of tested concentrations and number of individuals per concentration. We can think that these recommendations are not the most adapted for each critical effect concentration and each method/model. That’s why, the second aim of this work is to optimize the experimental design in order to improve the critical effect concentration estimations for a fixed cost or at least to reduce the waste of time and organisms
Chignon, Jean-Claude. "Méthode d'analyse quantitative de l'activité électrique cardiaque dans les hypertrophies ventriculaires d'une population homogène d'adultes sportifs : exploitation d'une banque de données." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120012.
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