Статті в журналах: "Doctors' careers"

1

Batsone, G. F. "Doctors and their Careers." Postgraduate Medical Journal 65, no. 763 (May 1, 1989): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.65.763.346-c.

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2

Carnall, D., and R. Smith. "Careers advice for doctors." BMJ 313, no. 7048 (July 6, 1996): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7048.3.

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Eyre, Harris A., Rob D. Mitchell, Will Milford, Nitin Vaswani, and Steven Moylan. "Portfolio careers for medical graduates: implications for postgraduate training and workforce planning." Australian Health Review 38, no. 3 (2014): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13203.

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Portfolio careers in medicine can be defined as significant involvement in one or more portfolios of activity beyond a practitioner’s primary clinical role, either concurrently or in sequence. Portfolio occupations may include medical education, research, administration, legal medicine, the arts, engineering, business and consulting, leadership, politics and entrepreneurship. Despite significant interest among junior doctors, portfolios are poorly integrated with prevocational and speciality training programs in Australia. The present paper seeks to explore this issue. More formal systems for portfolio careers in Australia have the potential to increase job satisfaction, flexibility and retention, as well as diversify trainee skill sets. Although there are numerous benefits from involvement in portfolio careers, there are also risks to the trainee, employing health service and workforce modelling. Formalising pathways to portfolio careers relies on assessing stakeholder interest, enhancing flexibility in training programs, developing support programs, mentorship and coaching schemes and improving support structures in health services. What is known about the topic? Portfolio careers are well understood as a career structure in general business. However, in medicine little is known about the concept of portfolio careers, their drivers, benefits and risks. There are significant issues faced by the Australian junior medical workforce such as a need for diversified skill-sets (e.g. increased involvement in research, public health and leadership), low job satisfaction for junior doctors and an increasing emphasis of work-life balance and mental well-being. What does this paper add? This paper critically analyses the concept of portfolio careers in the postgraduate setting by critiquing literature on the international and national experiences in this field. This paper outlines potential benefits of portfolio careers requiring further research, such as a diversification in the workforce and improved job satisfaction. Risks include reducing the health service provision capacity of junior doctors and drawing doctors away from a medical career. What are the implications for practitioners? This paper has substantial educational and workforce implications for medical students, junior doctors and medical managers. For medical students and junior doctors this paper frames the possibilities in a medical career, as well as benefits and risks of aiming for a portfolio career in medicine. For medical managers, this paper suggests strategies for further research, enhancing workforce job satisfaction and potential pitfalls of increasing opportunities for medical portfolio careers.

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4

Popat, R. "Portfolio Development for Foundation Doctors – Step® Foundation Day 1." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 9 (October 1, 2010): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363510x12718607433035.

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The careers of foundation-year doctors since the advent of Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) have significantly differed from those of our predecessors. Long gone are the days when doctors could spend a few years plying their trade as senior house officers in different subspecialties, taking their time to develop an extensive skill set before finally settling on the area in which they wished to forge their career.

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5

BARDEN, J. "Surgical careers and female doctors." Lancet 340, no. 8810 (July 1992): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)92472-r.

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Smith, Fay, Michael J. Goldacre, and Trevor W. Lambert. "Adverse effects on health and wellbeing of working as a doctor: views of the UK medical graduates of 1974 and 1977 surveyed in 2014." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 110, no. 5 (March 20, 2017): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141076817697489.

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Summary Objective To report on any adverse effects on health and wellbeing of working as a doctor, as described by senior doctors. Design Questionnaires sent in 2014 to all medical graduates of 1974 and 1977. Participants 3695 UK medical graduates. Setting United Kingdom. Main outcome measures Statements about adverse effects upon health, wellbeing and career. Results The aggregated response rate from contactable doctors was 84.6% (3695/4369). In response to the question ‘Do you feel that working as a doctor has had any adverse effects on your own health or wellbeing?’, 44% of doctors answered ‘yes’. More GPs (47%) than hospital doctors (42%) specified that this was the case. Three-quarters of doctors who answered ‘yes’ cited ‘stress/work–life balance/workload’ as an adverse effect, and 45% mentioned illness. In response to the statement ‘The NHS of today is a good employer when doctors become ill themselves’, 28% of doctors agreed, 29% neither agreed nor disagreed and 43% disagreed. More women doctors (49%) than men doctors (40%) disagreed with this statement. More general practitioners (49%) disagreed than hospital doctors (37%). Conclusions Chronic stress and illness, which these doctors attributed to their work, were widely reported. Although recent changes may have alleviated some of these issues, there are lessons for the present and future if the NHS is to ensure that its medical workforce receives the support which enables current doctors to enjoy a full and satisfying career and to contribute fully to health service provision in the UK. Older doctors, in particular, need support to be able to continue successfully in their careers.

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Cuesta-Briand, Beatriz, Mathew Coleman, Rebekah Ledingham, Sarah Moore, Helen Wright, David Oldham, and Denese Playford. "Extending a Conceptual Framework for Junior Doctors’ Career Decision Making and Rural Careers: Explorers versus Planners and Finding the ‘Right Fit’." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041352.

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This study uses data from a Rural Clinical School of Western Australia (RCSWA) and WA Country Health (WACHS) study on rural work intentions among junior doctors to explore their internal decision-making processes and gain a better understanding of how junior doctors make decisions along their career pathway. This was a qualitative study involving junior doctor participants in postgraduate years (PGY) 1 to 5 undergoing training in Western Australia (WA). Data was collected through semi-structured telephone interviews. Two main themes were identified: career decision-making as an on-going process; and early career doctors’ internal decision-making process, which fell broadly into two groups (‘explorers’ and ‘planners’). Both groups of junior doctors require ongoing personalised career advice, training pathways, and career development opportunities that best “fit” their internal decision-making processes for the purposes of enhancing rural workforce outcomes.

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8

MacDonald, Rhona. "Modernising Medical Careers and overseas doctors." BMJ 328, no. 7454 (June 19, 2004): s256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7454.s256.

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9

Gurney, Ian. "Guiding Doctors in Managing Their Careers." BMJ 333, no. 7562 (August 5, 2006): s60.1—s60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.333.7562.s60.

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10

MacDonald, Rhona. "Some doctors need special careers advice." BMJ 322, Suppl S6 (June 1, 2001): 0106173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0106173.

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11

Finetti, Marco. "Second careers of the Nazis' doctors." Nature 390, no. 6659 (December 1997): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/37264.

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12

Spooner, Sharon, Emma Pearson, Jonathan Gibson, and Kath Checkland. "How do workplaces, working practices and colleagues affect UK doctors’ career decisions? A qualitative study of junior doctors’ career decision making in the UK." BMJ Open 7, no. 10 (October 2017): e018462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018462.

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ObjectivesThis study draws on an in-depth investigation of factors that influenced the career decisions of junior doctors.SettingJunior doctors in the UK can choose to enter specialty training (ST) programmes within 2 years of becoming doctors. Their specialty choices contribute to shaping the balance of the future medical workforce, with views on general practice (GP) careers of particular interest because of current recruitment difficulties. This paper examines how experiences of medical work and perceptions about specialty training shape junior doctors’ career decisions.ParticipantsTwenty doctors in the second year of a Foundation Training Programme in England were recruited. Purposive sampling was used to achieve a diverse sample from respondents to an online survey.ResultsNarrative interviewing techniques encouraged doctors to reflect on how experiences during medical school and in medical workplaces had influenced their preferences and perceptions of different specialties. They also spoke about personal aspirations, work priorities and their wider future.Junior doctors’ decisions were informed by knowledge about the requirements of ST programmes and direct observation of the pressures under which ST doctors worked. When they encountered negative attitudes towards a specialty they had intended to choose, some became defensive while others kept silent. Achievement of an acceptable work-life balance was a central objective that could override other preferences.Events linked with specific specialties influenced doctors’ attitudes towards them. For example, findings confirmed that while early, positive experiences of GP work could increase its attractiveness, negative experiences in GP settings had the opposite effect.ConclusionsJunior doctors’ preferences and perceptions about medical work are influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors and experiences. This paper highlights the importance of understanding how perceptions are formed and preferences are developed, as a basis for generating learning and working environments that nurture students and motivate their professional careers.

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Fosker, Hannah, Hayley Andrews, Sarah Addison, and Rachel Winter. "Exploring School Students’ Knowledge and Expectations of Careers in Psychology, Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing: A Thematic Analysis." BJPsych Open 8, S1 (June 2022): S50—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.191.

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AimsAttracting more doctors and nurses to mental health careers is vital to support the growing demand for mental health services. Despite low numbers of doctors choosing psychiatry, and a shortage of mental health nurses, psychology degrees remain a popular choice. This study explores the understanding and knowledge students studying psychology A Level have about mental health careers, and the careers guidance they have received. We ask ‘are students who are interested in studying psychology at university an untapped resource for recruitment to psychiatry and mental health nursing?’.MethodsFocus groups were held with A-Level psychology students considering applying to university to study psychology. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed and anonymised and were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree key themes were identified. Firstly, student interest in psychology as a degree subject (with mental illness, neurobiology and human behaviour cited as key interests). Secondly, student motivation for a future career in which they would have a therapeutic role working with people with mental illnesses. Thirdly, student knowledge, or lack of it, around what a career in psychology or other mental health careers would entail, and the pathways to these.ConclusionThere remains uncertainty in young people regarding what the different types of mental health practitioner roles are, and the career pathways to these. More detailed, accurate information made available to students interested in working with people with a mental illness may lead to more students considering a career in mental health nursing or medicine (and then psychiatry) as an alternative to a psychology. It is important that those aspiring to become clinical psychologists understand the qualifications required and competitive nature of this profession. Inaccurate information runs the risk of students acquiring significant university debt, only to find they are not qualified for the type of role they envisaged. A lack of accurate, high quality and timely careers information may also be depriving psychiatry and mental health nursing of enthusiastic, able and motivated students. This study adds support to the need for better careers guidance and awareness around mental health careers for school and sixth form students.

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Allen, Isobel. "Women doctors and their careers: what now?" BMJ 331, no. 7516 (September 8, 2005): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7516.569.

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Gray, Selena, Ilora Finlay, and Carol Black. "Women doctors and their careers: what now?" BMJ 331, no. 7518 (September 22, 2005): 696.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7518.696.

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McKinstry, Brian H., Iain Colthart, Katy Elliot, and Colin Hunter. "Women doctors and their careers: what now?" BMJ 331, no. 7518 (September 22, 2005): 696.2–697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7518.696-a.

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Chambers, R. "Changing the culture to support doctors' careers." BMJ 326, no. 7401 (June 5, 2003): 193s—194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7401.s193.

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18

Kuoppakangas, Päivikki, Kati Suomi, Elias Pekkola, Jussi Kivistö, Tomi Kallio, and Jari Stenvall. "Theoretical, practical and hybrid ex-academics: Career transfer stories." European Educational Research Journal 20, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 14–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474904120915026.

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The academic career stories and trajectories of PhD holders have been widely studied in the context of economic austerity and an oversupply of doctors. However, few studies have investigated career building among ex-academics and how a doctoral degree and university work might affect their career possibilities outside academia. This paper explores the trajectories of ex-academics: PhDs with university work experience who have left academia to pursue non-academic careers. Based on 40 qualitative interviews with ex-academics, their employers and senior university leaders, the study employs a narrative approach to construct five career stories: the Theoretical Endangered Nerd, the Practical Geek, the Chic Hybrid, the Pristine Novice and the Odd Elite. This varied picture of career sensemaking provides new insights into career building among ex-academics.

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19

DIGBY, ANNE. "EARLY BLACK DOCTORS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of African History 46, no. 3 (November 2005): 427–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853705000836.

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The article adopts the approach of a group biography in discussing the careers and ambitions of early black South African doctors selecting both those trained abroad, and the first cohorts trained within South Africa who graduated at the Universities of Cape Town and the Witwatersrand from 1945–6. It focuses on the ambiguities involved, by looking at tensions between professional altruism and entrepreneurialism in pursuing a medical career, as well as that between self-interest and selflessness in attempting to balance the requirements of a medical practice against those involved in political leadership. The paper highlights the significance of the political leadership given by black doctors in the mid-twentieth century and indicates the price paid for this in loss of medical resources under the apartheid regime. Two annexes provide original data on the medical and political contributions of individuals.

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McGrail, Matthew Richard, Belinda G. O'Sullivan, Hollie R. Bendotti, and Srinivas Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan. "Importance of publishing research varies by doctors’ career stage, specialty and location of work." Postgraduate Medical Journal 95, no. 1122 (March 29, 2019): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136473.

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PurposeTo investigate whether publishing research is an important aspect of medical careers, and how it varies by specialty and rural or metropolitan location.MethodsAnnual national panel survey (postal or online) of Australian doctors between 2008 and 2016, with aggregated participants including 11 263 junior doctors not enrolled in a specialty (‘pre-registrars’), 9745 junior doctors enrolled as specialist trainees, non-general practitioner (GP) (‘registrars’) and 35 983 qualified as specialist consultants, non-GP (‘consultants’). Main outcome was in agreement that ‘research publications are important to progress my training’ (junior doctors) or ‘research publications are important to my career’ (consultants).ResultsOverall, the highest proportion agreeing were registrars (65%) and pre-registrars (60%), compared with consultants (36%). After accounting for key covariates, rural location was significantly associated with lower importance of publishing research for pre-registrars (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.78) and consultants (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.76), but not for registrars. Compared with anaesthetics, research importance was significantly higher for pre-registrars pursuing surgery (OR 4.46, 95% CI 3.57 to 5.57) and obstetrics/gynaecology careers, for registrars enrolled in surgery (OR 2.97, 95% CI 2.34 to 3.75) and internal medicine training, and consultants of internal medicine (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.08), pathology, radiology and paediatrics.ConclusionsThis study provides new quantitative evidence showing that the importance of publishing research is related to medical career stages, and is most important to junior doctors seeking and undertaking different specialty training options. Embedding research requirements more evenly into specialty college selection criteria may stimulate uptake of research. Expansion of rural training pathways should consider capacity building to support increased access to research opportunities in these locations.

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Goldacre, Michael J., Seena Fazel, Fay Smith, and Trevor Lambert. "Choice and rejection of psychiatry as a career: surveys of UK medical graduates from 1974 to 2009." British Journal of Psychiatry 202, no. 3 (March 2013): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.111153.

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BackgroundRecruitment of adequate numbers of doctors to psychiatry is difficult.AimsTo report on career choice for psychiatry, comparing intending psychiatrists with doctors who chose other clinical careers.MethodQuestionnaire studies of all newly qualified doctors from all UK medical schools in 12 qualification years between 1974 and 2009 (33 974 respondent doctors).ResultsOne, three and five years after graduation, 4–5% of doctors specified psychiatry as their first choice of future career. This was largely unchanged across the 35 years. Comparing intending psychiatrists with doctors who chose other careers, factors with a greater influence on psychiatrists' choice included their experience of the subject at medical school, self-appraisal of their own skills, and inclinations before medical school. In a substudy of doctors who initially considered but then did not pursue specialty choices, 72% of those who did not pursue psychiatry gave ‘job content’ as their reason compared with 33% of doctors who considered but did not pursue other specialties. Historically, more women than men have chosen psychiatry, but the gap has closed over the past decade.ConclusionsJunior doctors' views about psychiatry as a possible career range from high levels of enthusiasm to antipathy, and are more polarised than views about other specialties. Shortening of working hours and improvements to working practices in other hospital-based specialties in the UK may have reduced the relative attractiveness of psychiatry to women doctors. The extent to which views of newly qualified doctors about psychiatry can be modified by medical school education, and by greater exposure to psychiatry during student and early postgraduate years, needs investigation.

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Goldacre, Michael, Sarah Stear, Rex Richards, and Eric Sidebottom. "Junior doctors' views about careers in academic medicine." Medical Education 33, no. 5 (May 1999): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00404.x.

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Kmietowicz, Zosia. "Doctors' careers are blighted by discrimination, says BMA." BMJ 329, no. 7456 (July 1, 2004): 11.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7456.11.

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MacDonald, R. "Impartial careers advice for doctors and medical students." BMJ 326, no. 7401 (June 5, 2003): 1225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7401.1225.

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Goodyear, Helen M., Michele Gadsby, and David Wall. "Careers fairs for medical students and junior doctors." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 69, no. 5 (May 2008): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2008.69.5.29363.

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Appleton, Anne L. "LETTER OF THE MONTH Careers advice for doctors." BMJ 334, no. 7593 (March 17, 2007): s92.1—s92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.334.7593.s92.

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Sabharwal, Nikhil, Harmanjit Dev, Hassiba Smail, David C. McGiffin, and Pankaj Saxena. "Nina Braunwald: A Female Pioneer in Cardiac Surgery." Texas Heart Institute Journal 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14503/thij-16-6048.

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Nina Starr Braunwald, the first female cardiac surgeon, made headlines during a time when almost all specialty surgeons were men. Women have typically been deterred from entering surgical specialties, in part because of their traditional dual burden of managing their households and careers. Instead, female medical students and junior doctors have tended to be more attracted to medical specialties. This was the reality during Dr. Braunwald's venture into medicine in 1949. However, she never allowed negative ideas to keep her from joining a surgical training program. Under the mentorship of the prominent cardiac surgeons Charles Hufnagel and Andrew Morrow, Dr. Braunwald progressed in her career by conducting research that led to her development and implantation of the first prosthetic mitral valve. She was also a great teacher. Dr. Braunwald balanced her personal and professional activities admirably, and her example still inspires female doctors to consider careers in cardiothoracic surgery. In this report, we provide details of her impact on cardiac surgery and insights into her successes.

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Haruta, Junji, Sachiko Ozone, and Jun Hamano. "Doctors’ professional identity and socialisation from medical students to staff doctors in Japan: narrative analysis in qualitative research from a family physician perspective." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e035300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035300.

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ObjectiveBecoming a doctor involves transforming a lay person into a medical professional, which is known as professional socialisation. However, few studies have clarified differences in the professional socialisation process in detail. The aim of this study was to clarify the process of professional socialisation of medical students to residents to staff doctors.DesignWe used narrative analysis in qualitative research as a theoretical framework.SettingThis study was conducted in Japan.ParticipantsParticipants were collected using a purposive sample of doctors with over 7 years of medical experience. We conducted semistructured interviews from September 2015 to December 2016, then used a structured approach to integrate the sequence of events into coherent configurations.ResultsParticipants were 13 males and 8 females with medical careers ranging from 8 to 30 years. All participants began to seriously consider their own career and embodied their ideal image of a doctor through clinical practice. As residents, the participants adapted as a member of the organisation of doctors. Subsequently, doctors exhibited four patterns: first, they smoothly transitioned from ‘peripheral’ to ‘full’ participation in the organisation; second, they could no longer participate peripherally but developed a professional image from individual social interactions; third, they were affected by outsiders’ perspectives and gradually participated peripherally; fourth, they could not regard the hospital as a legitimate organisation and could not participate fully.ConclusionThe professional socialisation process comprises an institutional theory, professional persona, legitimate peripheral participation and threshold concepts. These findings may be useful in supporting professional development.

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Wrate, Robert M., and Pamela J. Baldwin. "Health of tomorrow's doctors: obstacles to appropriate help-seeking." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 3, no. 5 (September 1997): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.3.5.290.

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During the research interviews for Isobel Allen's prospective studies of medical careers (Allen, 1994), many young doctors voiced concerns about their working conditions. Although a relationship between doctors' health impairment and their arduous working conditions has only recently been empirically established (Baldwin et al, 1997a), concern about sick doctors, at all stages of their careers, has been growing for many years. There are very few empirical data on sick doctors' help-seeking, but the enlightened self-interest of trusts and health boards may become an important new driving force, because of the more clearly defined responsibilities of National Health Service (NHS) senior staff for the well-being of their colleagues and possible liability for colleagues' impaired clinical practice (General Medical Council, 1995; British Medical Journal, 1997). The anticipated UK shortage of doctors may also act as a stimulus for measures designed to encourage the retention of a healthy medical workforce.

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Beutner, Caroline, Anja Lipschik, Luise Erpenbeck, Jason Holsapple, Michael P. Schön, and Hedwig Stanisz. "The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Doctors’ Work-Family Balance at German University Clinics." Healthcare 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020227.

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The measures taken to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic by governments worldwide have vast consequences on all areas of life. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term career development, we evaluated the work-family balance of medical doctors at nine German university clinics. The results indicate a severely disturbed work-family balance, which was mostly due to insufficient childcare, based on restrictions in school operations and childcare. Despite the newly created emergency childcare options, aiming to ensure the functioning of the “systematically important” professional groups, medical doctors feel that they are not sufficiently supported by the measures taken by local governments. Women, in particular, see their professional development at risk. Our results underline that proper and flexible childcare is essential for the career advancement of female medical doctors and is particularly important in times of crises such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. At university medicine clinics, increased work time flexibility and optimized schooling and childcare are needed to promote the career development of female as well as male medical doctors in the early stage of their careers.

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O’Sullivan, Belinda, Matthew McGrail, Tiana Gurney, and Priya Martin. "Barriers to getting into postgraduate specialty training for junior Australian doctors: An interview-based study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 21, 2021): e0258584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258584.

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Background Medical training is a long process that is not complete until doctors finish specialty training. Getting into specialty training is challenging because of strong competition for limited places, depending on doctors’ chosen field. This may have a negative impact on doctor well-being and reduce the efficiency of the medical training system. This study explored the barriers of pre-registrar (junior) doctors getting into specialty training programs to inform tailored support and re-design of speciality entry systems. Methods From March to October 2019, we conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with early-career doctors in Australia, who had chosen their specialty field, and were either seeking entry, currently undertaking or had recently completed various fields of specialty training. We sought reflections about barriers and major influences to getting into specialty training. In comparing and contrasting generated themes, different patterns emerged from doctors targeting traditionally non-competitive specialty fields like General Practice (GP) and other specialties (typically more competitive fields). As a result we explored the data in this dichotomy. Results Doctors targeting entry to GP specialties had relatively seamless training entry and few specific barriers. In contrast, those pursuing other specialties, regardless of which ones, relayed multiple barriers of: Navigating an unpredictable and complex system with informal support/guidance; Connecting to the right people/networks for relevant experience; Pro-actively planning and differentiating skills with recurrent failure of applications. Conclusions Our exploratory study suggests that doctors wanting to get into non-GP specialty training may experience strong barriers, potentially over multiple years, with the capacity to threaten their morale and resilience. These could be addressed by a clearinghouse of information about different speciality programs, broader selection criteria, feedback on applications and more formal guidance and professional supports. The absence of challenges identified for doctors seeking entry to GP could be used to promote increased uptake of GP careers.

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MacDonald, Rhona. "Modernising Medical Careers—what's all the fuss about?" BMJ 328, no. 7443 (April 3, 2004): s139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7443.s139.

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Rukmini, Elisabeth, and Kevin Jonathan Bogar. "EXPLORATORY STUDY ON MEDICAL GRADUATES WITH NONCLINICIANS CAREER." Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpki.61406.

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Background: Medical graduates have diverse career choices. Various factors trigger the motivation and interest of alumni to choose non-clinician careers. Research towards medical graduates who chose non-clinician careers was less than doctors with clinicians. This study aims to explore the reasons for choosing non-clinicians as careers for medical graduates. Methods: This research is a descriptive exploratory study. A total of 10 medical alumni subjects, batch 2011, were selected through purposive sampling. They were rich in information. We performed semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data. Data were analyzed using content analysis. To ensure transferability and dependability of the data, we performed inter-raters meetings and an audit trail. Triangulation between three inter-raters was administered to get an inter-rater agreement. An external auditor performed an audit trail after the data analysis. Results: This study discussed the reasons for choosing non-clinician careers for medical graduates. Three main themes influence the graduates’ reasons: (1) motivation, (2) experiences, and (3) comparative factors between clinician and non-clinician careers. The motivation could be divided into internal and external motivation. Strong motivation, together with experiences, form a firm decision to take non-clinician careers. When comparing clinician and non-clinician careers, subjects mentioned the condition, including financial situation, risk factors, and seniority. Conclusion: The reasons for choosing non-clinician careers related closely to subjects’ motivation, experiences, and comparative factors between careers as clinicians versus non-clinicians. This research showed the importance of medical education to prepare students for mentorship, the risks factor of and the career choices of clinicians and non-clinicians

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Draper, Melvyn Lloyd. "‘Not for us the Weekly dose of Sulphur and Brimstone!’ Women, Family and Homoeopathic Medicine in Early Twentieth-century Britain." Social History of Medicine 32, no. 3 (March 14, 2018): 523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky018.

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Summary During the first three decades of the twentieth century Victorian notions of differentiated gender roles continued to inhibit British women intending on a medical career. For some aspiring women doctors, however, homoeopathic medicine offered way into into the profession, a route that allowed them to sidestep the constraints imposed by masculine medical culture. The appeal of homoeopathy for these women doctors lay partly in its ‘soft healing’ approach and also in its sectarian nature. Extensive intra- and inter-generational affiliative networks provided homoeopathic group cohesion, while its gentle therapeutics contrasted with the powerful pharmaceutical basis of orthodox scientific medicine. For these reasons women homoeopathic doctors embraced the gendered role of woman as caregiver and, turning this to their advantage, were able to forge successful careers in modern British medicine.

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McNally, SA. "Surgical Training: Still Highly Competitive But Still Very Male." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363512x13189526438675.

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The likelihood of obtaining a training post varies massively between all 65 medical specialties. The competition ratio (defined as the number of applicants per post) varies from 1:1 to 12:1. There are few published competition ratios despite these being useful for junior doctors refining their career choice. Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) was a radical change, initiated in 2007, aiming to streamline, strengthen and shorten training.

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Marsdin, Emma, and Seema Biswas. "Are We Learning Enough Pathology in Medical School to Prepare Us for Postgraduate Training and Examinations?" Journal of Biomedical Education 2013 (February 27, 2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/165691.

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Medical schools responded to the first publication of Tomorrow’s Doctors with an abbreviated syllabus and a reduction in didactic teaching hours. Prescribing errors, however, have increased, and there is a perception amongst clinicians that junior doctors know less about the pathological basis of disease. We asked junior doctors how useful they thought their undergraduate teaching in pathology had been in their postgraduate training. We had 70 questionnaire responses from junior doctors within a single deanery and found that although almost every doctor, (96%), thought that pathology formed a major component of their postgraduate exams, most, (67%), thought that their undergraduate teaching left them unprepared for their postgraduate careers, and they had to learn basic principles, as they revised for postgraduate exams. Few used a pathology text for learning, most doctors, (91%), relying on question and answer revision resources for exam preparation. Perhaps, as revision materials are used so widely, they might be adapted for long-term deep learning, alongside clinical work. This presents an opportunity for pathologists, deaneries, royal colleges, and publishing houses to work together in the preparation of quality written and online material readily accessible to junior doctors in their workplace.

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Seed, Kitty, Lisa Davies, and Ronan J. McIvor. "Learning portfolios in psychiatric training." Psychiatric Bulletin 31, no. 8 (August 2007): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.014183.

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Major changes are taking place in the way doctors are trained and assessed. A new curriculum, devised by the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges on behalf of Modernising Medical Careers, will be implemented for current junior doctors as part of the foundation and specialist training programmes. Every junior doctor will be expected to have a ‘personal learning plan’ to guide professional development and assist appraisal, and to build a portfolio to document their experiences. This marks a shift from traditional summative (i.e. examinations-based) evaluation to the use of more formative methods based on experience and workplace assessment. It reflects greater emphasis on continuing professional development and life-long learning (Wilkinson et al, 2002).

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Bhowmik, Anindya, Lakshmish Devang, Priyanka Hariharan, Preethu Anand, Praveen Subbiah, and Kantappa Gajanan. "Empowering & Embedding Locally Employed Doctors in UK Healthcare." Physician 7, no. 3 (October 30, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.38192/1.7.3.13.

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Recognising the changes in career pathways with the growth in the Locally Employed Doctor cohort who are diverse in their composition from the UK and International Medical Graduates at various stages of their working life and with a whole host of aspirations, BAPIO SAS & LED Forum designed and delivered the novel National LED Conference in Leicester in September 2022. This conference provided a collaborative platform to discuss and debate the LED doctors' aspirations and challenges with a spectrum of national healthcare leaders and stakeholders. The proceedings included keynote sessions, interactive workshops, and presentations on research and innovation. The LED Charter was unveiled at the penultimate session of the conference highlighting a framework for development and parity in experience and progression with other doctors. The delegates represented the true diversity of LEDs and system leaders from across the UK, including people of various nationalities and stages of their careers. The enthusiasm from people wanting to participate in future SAS and LED forum surveys and conferences will help us organise future events. The positive enthusiasm from people wanting to participate in future SAS and LED forum surveys and conferences will help us organise future events with greater enthusiasm.

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Steele, Rachel, and Sharon Beattie. "Development of foundation year 1 psychiatry posts: implications for practice." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 19, no. 6 (November 2013): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.112.010678.

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SummaryMost literature discussing the introduction of foundation year 1 (F1) psychiatry posts has focused on recruitment. However, for F1 posts to offer a valuable learning experience and a potential recruitment boost, psychiatrists and employing organisations should be aware of general issues arising in the first postgraduate year. These include the inherently stressful student-to-doctor transition, the need for bespoke induction programmes for new graduates, F1 doctors' specific needs for support, supervision and peer support, and the centrality of the relationship with the consultant supervisor to the new doctor. Understanding these themes will enable psychiatrists and mental health organisations to offer better F1 psychiatry experiences, which may boost recruitment and could maximise the opportunities for F1 doctors to develop skills and qualities that will be of value in their future careers, whatever specialty they end up working in.

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Glauser, Wendy. "More doctors talking about nonclinical careers, but challenges remain." Canadian Medical Association Journal 190, no. 32 (August 12, 2018): E969—E970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-5618.

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Pfifferling, John-Henry. ": Married to Their Careers: Career and Family Dilemmas in Doctors' Lives . Lane A. Gerber." Medical Anthropology Newsletter 17, no. 1 (November 1985): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.1985.17.1.02a00130.

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Scanlan, Gillian Marion, Jennifer Cleland, Peter Johnston, Kim Walker, Nicolas Krucien, and Diane Skåtun. "What factors are critical to attracting NHS foundation doctors into specialty or core training? A discrete choice experiment." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e019911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019911.

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ObjectivesMultiple personal and work-related factors influence medical trainees’ career decision-making. The relative value of these diverse factors is under-researched, yet this intelligence is crucially important for informing medical workforce planning and retention and recruitment policies. Our aim was to investigate the relative value of UK doctors’ preferences for different training post characteristics during the time period when they either apply for specialty or core training or take time out.MethodsWe developed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) specifically for this population. The DCE was distributed to all Foundation Programme Year 2 (F2) doctors across Scotland as part of the National Career Destination Survey in June 2016. The main outcome measure was the monetary value of training post characteristics, based on willingness to forgo additional potential income and willingness to accept extra income for a change in each job characteristic calculated from regression coefficients.Results677/798 F2 doctors provided usable DCE responses. Location was the most influential characteristic of a training position, followed closely by supportive culture and then working conditions. F2 doctors would need to be compensated by an additional 45.75% above potential earnings to move from a post in a desirable location to one in an undesirable location. Doctors who applied for a training post placed less value on supportive culture and excellent working conditions than those who did not apply. Male F2s valued location and a supportive culture less than female F2s.ConclusionThis is the first study focusing on the career decision-making of UK doctors at a critical careers decision-making point. Both location and specific job-related attributes are highly valued by F2 doctors when deciding their future. This intelligence can inform workforce policy to focus their efforts in terms of making training posts attractive to this group of doctors to enhance recruitment and retention.

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Parekh, Ravi, Melvyn Mark Jones, Surinder Singh, Jack Shi Jie Yuan, See Chai Carol Chan, Saniya Mediratta, Rhys Smith, et al. "Medical students’ experience of the hidden curriculum around primary care careers: a qualitative exploration of reflective diaries." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e049825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049825.

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ObjectivesPrimary healthcare internationally is facing a workforce crisis with fewer junior doctors choosing general practice (GP) as a career. In the UK, a national report on GP careers highlighted adverse influences during medical school on students’ career choices. The authors explored these influences in two urban UK medical schools, both with relatively low numbers of students entering GP training.DesignUsing a phenomenological approach, the authors thematically analysed the reflective diaries of four medical students who were recruited as ‘participant researchers’ over a period of 10 months. These students made regular reflexive notes about their experiences related to GP career perceptions in their academic and personal environments, aiming to capture both positive and negative perceptions of GP careers. The research team discussed emerging data and iteratively explored and developed themes.SettingTwo UK medical schoolsParticipantsUndergraduate medical studentsResultsSeven key themes were identified: the lack of visibility and physicality of GP work, the lack of aspirational GP role models, students’ perceptions of a GP career as default, the performativity of student career choice with the perceptions of success linked to specialism, societal perceptions of GP careers, gender stereotyping of career choices and the student perception of life as a GP.ConclusionsStudents overwhelmingly reflected on negative cues to GP careers, particularly through their experience of the hidden curriculum. Three recommendations are made: the need for increased representation of GP role models in clinical curricula content delivery and senior leadership; ensuring GP clerkships involve an active and authentic student role with patients, enabling students to experience GP’s ‘work’ including managing complexity, uncertainty and risk. Finally, institutions need to consider students’ experiences of the hidden curriculum and the effect this can have on students’ perception of careers, alongside the challenges of rankings and perceived hierarchical positioning of disciplines.

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Darbyshire, Daniel, Liz Brewster, Rachel Isba, Richard Body, and Dawn Goodwin. "‘Where have all the doctors gone?’ A protocol for an ethnographic study of the retention problem in emergency medicine in the UK." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e038229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038229.

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Introduction‘Emergency medicine (EM) in the UK has a medical staffing crisis.’ Inadequate staffing, in EM and across healthcare, is a problem that affects the quality of patient care globally. Retention of doctors in EM is a particularly acute problem in the UK’s National Health Service. Sustainable careers in healthcare are gaining increasing attention at a national and international policy level, but research to understand the factors that facilitate retention is lacking.This study aims to develop understanding of what drives retention of doctors in EM by focusing on those who remain in these careers, where previous research has targeted those who have left. By addressing the problem of retention in a different way, using innovative methods in this context, we aim to develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of sustainable careers in EM.Methods and analysisThis is an ethnographic study combining participant observation in two emergency departments, interviews with doctors from these departments, from organisations with influence or interest at a policy level and with doctors who have left EM. The analyses will integrate detailed workplace observation alongside key academic and policy documents using reflexive thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationApprovals have been obtained from Lancaster University via the Faculty of Health and Medicine Research Ethics Committee (FHMREC18058) and the Health Research Authority (IRAS number 256306). The findings will inform understanding of sustainable careers in EM that may be transferable to other settings, professions, and locations that share key characteristics with EM such as paediatrics, emergency nursing and general practice. Findings will be disseminated through a series of academic publications and presentations, through local and specialty research engagement, and through targeted policy statements.

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Buljan, Ivan, and Esther Park. "Predictors of medical students’ research degree pursuit." St open 1 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.48188/so.1.2.

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Aim: The evidence about factors predicting the desire of medical graduates for pursuing research careers are inconsistent. Identification of factors which influence decision for pursuing research career would be important information to medical schools to improve research environment for students. For that reason, we performed an international survey of medical students to analyze the factors predicting research careers in medicine. Methods: An international online survey of undergraduate and graduate medical students was performed, using the using the data from Res Medica student journal database, about their research activities, future interests and plans and desire to pursue research careers. Results: In total, 486 students took the survey. Logistic regression revealed a single significant factor influencing medical students’ desire to pursue a research degree: in-creased motivation for participation in research in future (R2=0.33). Conclusion: In order to encourage students and training doctors to more readily engage in research, exposure to re-search and research participation could have an incremental value to existing research education in medical schools.

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Samuels, Alec. "Progress and litigation: protecting the urge to innovate in an increasingly litigious environment." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 96, no. 9 (October 2014): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363514x14042954769078.

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Does the doctor have a duty to advance medicine? In law it is said that ‘every man is a debtor to his profession’. Doctors should always seek to do a good job, to improve their practice, to advance the progress of medicine. The doctor may be of an aspirational or progressive disposition, may work in research or in an academic and teaching post, which ideally should be linked to a practical post. As an ‘ordinary’ practitioner he or she may lack creative ideas, be very busy with day-to-day ordinary conventional ‘humdrum’ work and therefore may not have much opportunity for innovation. However, doctors are required to undergo regular training throughout their careers, in order to keep up to date. It is suggested that medical practitioners have a duty to do what they can to improve and advance medicine, within certain restraints. If new techniques are not tried out then medical progress will be stifled.

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Merrett, Alexandra, Daniel Jones, Kim Sein, Trish Green, and Una Macleod. "Attitudes of newly qualified doctors towards a career in general practice: a qualitative focus group study." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 657 (March 30, 2017): e253-e259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x690221.

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BackgroundA key element of the NHS is universal access to a GP. Recently, UK general practice has been described as being in crisis, with training places unfilled and multiple practices reporting vacancies or facing closure. The recruitment of GPs continues to be a key focus for both the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) and the government.Aim To understand the attitudes of newly qualified doctors towards a career in general practice, to appreciate potential reasons for the crisis in GP recruitment, and to recommend ways to improve recruitment.Design and setting A qualitative study comprising five focus groups with 74 Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctors from one Yorkshire deanery.MethodAudio recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis undertaken.ResultsFoundation Year 1 doctors’ thoughts towards a career in general practice were summarised in four themes: quality of life, job satisfaction, uncertainty surrounding the future of general practice, and the lack of respect for GPs among both doctors and the public. Participants felt that general practice could provide a good work–life balance, fair pay, and job stability. Job satisfaction, with the ability to provide care from the cradle to the grave, and to work within a community, was viewed positively. Uncertainties around future training, skill levels, pay, and workload, together with a perceived stigma experienced in medical schools and hospitals, were viewed as a deterrent to a career in general practice.ConclusionThis study has gathered the opinions of doctors at a critical point in their careers, before they choose a future specialty. Findings highlight areas of concern and potential deterrents to a career in general practice, together with recommendations to address these issues.

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Johnson, Ralph. "Career advice and counselling: The development of careers advice and counselling for doctors in training." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 3 (March 1990): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.3.179.

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Vogel, Lauren. "Doctors dissatisfied with medical careers at high risk of burnout." Canadian Medical Association Journal 191, no. 47 (November 24, 2019): E1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1095828.

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Davison, Ian, Sarah Burke, Alison Bullock, Celia Brown, Colin Campbell, and Steve Field. "Evaluation of a pilot careers advice service for junior doctors." Medical Teacher 28, no. 6 (January 2006): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01421590600877889.

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