Дисертації з теми "Divisia index"
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1
Moyo, Solomon Simbarashe. "A comparative analysis of the divisia index and the simple sum monetary aggregates for South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002679.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effectiveness of monetary policy in achieving its macroeconomic objectives such as price stability and economic growth depend on the monetary policy tools that are implemented by the Central Bank. Monetary aggregates are one of the tools that have been used as indicators of economic activity and as intermediate targets to achieve these economic objectives. Until recently, monetary aggregates have been questioned and criticised on their usefulness in monetary policy. This has been attributed to the economic, financial and technological developments that have distorted the relationship between monetary aggregates and major macroeconomic variables. This study investigates the relevance of monetary aggregation by comparing the traditional simple sum and Divisia index monetary aggregates which was constructed for the first time for South Africa using the Tornquist-Theil method. The Polynomial Distributed Lag model is employed to compare the performance of these monetary aggregates using their relationship with inflation and manufacturing index. Furthermore, the aggregates are compared in terms of their controllability and information content. Overall, the study found a very strong relationship between inflation and all the monetary aggregates. However, more specifically the results suggested that the Divisia indices are superior to the simple sum in terms of predicting inflation. The evidence further suggests that the Divisia aggregates provide higher information about inflation than the simple sum aggregates. Regarding the controllability of the monetary aggregates, the findings suggest that the monetary authorities can hardly control the monetary aggregates using monetary base. Finally, the relationship between manufacturing index and all the monetary aggregates was very weak.
2
Kalla, Christelle. "Dekomponeringsanalys av personbilstrafikens CO2-utsläpp i Sverige 1990–2015." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-381137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
År 2045 ska Sverige uppnå territoriella nettonollutsläpp och till år 2030 ska utsläppen från transportsektorn ha minskat med 70 % jämfört med år 2010. Sveriges vägtrafik står för en tredjedel av de totala växthusgasutsläppen. För att uppnå klimatmålen bör de mest lämpade styrmedlen och åtgärderna prioriteras. En systematisk undersökning av de faktorer som påverkat utsläppsutvecklingen kan vägleda beslutsfattare att fördela resurserna där de gör mest nytta. Dekomponeringsanalys är en potentiell metod för detta syfte då flera olika faktorers effekter kan särskiljs och mätas. Fem additiva LMDI-I dekomponeringsanalyser genomfördes på utsläppsutvecklingen av fossilt CO2 inom personbilstrafiken mellan åren 1990–2015. De faktorer som undersöktes var befolkning, bil per capita, bränsleteknologier, motorstorlekar, trafikarbete per bil, emissioner och biobränsle. Data från emissionsmodellen HBEFA, Trafikverket och SCB användes i analyserna. Under hela perioden 1990–2015 minskade CO2-utsläppen och dekomponeringsanalyserna visade att alla de ingående faktorerna påverkat utvecklingen. Sett över hela tidsperioden 1990–2015 hade faktorerna påverkat utvecklingen mest i storleksordningen trafikarbete per bil (35 %), bränsleteknologier (15 %), befolkning (15 %), bil per capita (13 %), emissioner (11 %), biobränsle (7 %) samt motorstorlekar (5 %). Procenten anger andelen som faktorn utgjorde av effekternas absoluta summa. Trafikarbete per bil, emissioner, biobränsle och motorstorlekar minskade utsläppen. Bränsleteknologier, befolkning och bil per capita ökade utsläppen. Resultaten kan användas som en indikation för vilka faktorer som kan påverka den framtida utsläppsutvecklingen mest och för vilka åtgärder bör vidtas. Åtgärderförslag är incitament för att välja mer hållbara transportsätt, öka andelen av bilar med lägre utsläpp i fordonsflottan och använda mer biobränsle.By year 2045 Sweden shall reach zero territorial net emissions and by year 2030 the emissions from the transport sector shall be reduced by 70% compared to year 2010. In Sweden the road traffic stands for a third of the total greenhouse gas emissions. In order to achieve the climate targets, the most suited policies and actions should be prioritized. A systematic investigation into the factors that affect the change in emissions can guide decision makers to distribute resources where they contribute the most. A decomposition analysis is a potential method for this purpose since the effect of different factors can be separated and measured. Five additive LMDI-I decomposition analyses were made on the change in fossil CO2 emission from passenger cars in Sweden between year 1990–2015. The factors that were investigated were: population, vehicle per capita, fuel technologies, engine sizes, distance travelled per vehicle, emissions and biofuel share. Data from the emissions model HBEFA, the Swedish Transport Administration and Statistics Sweden were used in the analyses. During the period of year 1990–2015 the CO2 emissions were reduced, and the decomposition analyses showed that all ingoing factors affected the change. Throughout the period the factors that contributed the most were in order of size: distance travelled per vehicle (35%), fuel technologies (15%), population (15%), car per capita (13%), emissions (11%), biofuel (7%) and engine size (5%). The percentage is the share of the factor’s effect of the absolute sum of all the different effects. Distance travelled per vehicle, emissions, bio fuels and engine size reduced the emissions. Fuel technologies, population and car per capita increased the emissions. The suggestions of actions are incentive for people to use more sustainable means for transportation, increase the share of cars with lower emissions in the fleet and use more biofuel.
3
Andrade, Fabricio Vieira. "Projeções e avaliação do consumo de energia elétrica para o setor residencial brasileiro a partir da técnica de decomposição Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI)." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9URJ5V.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work aimed to apply the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition techniques to evaluate the variation of electricity consumption for the residential sector in Brazil for the period 2005-2020. Electricity consumption was decomposed into four effects/indicators: Activity, Structure, Intensity and Ownership. From the decomposition, it was possible to estimate how each category and its related appliances, the number of consumers and the ownership, have contributed to the variation of electricity consumption in the residential sector for the period 2005-2020. Among other results, we concluded that the electricity consumption in the residential sector in Brazil may reach 176 TWh in 2020. Indeed, we realize that a great amount of the rising of consumption is due to the Activity effect, which is closely related to the increase of the number of households. We may also consider that from 2005 to 2020, the Activity effect may be responsible for 56 percent of the increase of electricity consumption in the residential sector in Brazil.Neste trabalho é usada a técnica de decomposição Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) para avaliar variações do consumo de energia elétrica no setor residencial no Brasil. Primeiro, o consumo de energia elétrica foi estimado a partir dos usos finais e depois foram elaboradas projeções para este consumo de 2005 a 2020. Os equipamentos considerados nas estimativas de consumo e projeções foram agrupados em sete categorias de usos finais, a saber: Aquecimento de água, Condicionamento de alimentos, Condicionamento de ambiente, Iluminação, Serviço, Lazer e Demais equipamentos. Na análise de decomposição, o consumo de energia elétrica foi desagregado em quatro efeitos: Atividade, Estrutura, Posse e Intensidade. Para cada categoria de uso final foram avaliados estes efeitos em períodos distintos e, desta forma, foi possível estimar como cada categoria e seus respectivos equipamentos, a quantidade de consumidores e a posse contribuíram para a variação no consumo de eletricidade no setor residencial. Dentre vários resultados, concluiu-se que o consumo de energia elétrica no setor residencial deverá alcançar 176 TWh em 2020, um aumento de 112% com relação a 2005. Também, percebe-se que grande parcela do aumento do consumo de energia elétrica seria devido ao efeito Atividade, que está associada ao aumento do número de domicílios ligados à rede de energia elétrica. No período 2005-2020, o efeito Atividade seria responsável por 56% do aumento de consumo de energia elétrica no setor residencial no Brasil.
4
Patiño, Pascumal Lourdes Isabel. "Estructura productiva, eficiencia energética y emisiones de CO2 en Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400393.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esta tesis tiene como objetivo determinar y cuantificar la interrelación entre el consumo de energía, la actividad económica y las emisiones de CO2 en Colombia, en tres capítulos auto contenidos. En el primer capítulo, se analizan los factores determinantes de las emisiones de CO2 y la eficiencia energética durante el período 1971-2010. Para este propósito, se desarrollan dos descomposiciones utilizando el método del Índice Logarítmico Medio de Divisia: la primera, relacionada con las emisiones de CO2 basada en la identidad Kaya, y la segunda relacionada con el consumo de energía primaria por unidad de actividad económica, medida a nivel sectorial. Los resultados muestran que la intensidad energética es el principal factor que explica la disminución de las emisiones de CO2 y la mejora de la eficiencia energética. Los sectores que presentan las mayores reducciones en la intensidad energética son: el sector transporte y el sector industrial. En el último sector, el cambio estructural es favorable a la eficiencia energética.
En el capítulo dos, se analiza la relación entre los dos indicadores de presión ambiental (emisiones de CO2 per cápita y el consumo de energía per cápita) y otras variables (como el PIB per cápita y la composición de la energía). También se examina la validez de la hipótesis de la curva de Kuznets ambiental (EKC) para estas presiones ambientales, y se estima la elasticidad ingreso de las emisiones de CO2 y la energía usando un método de simulación. Para lograr estos propósitos, se estiman dos modelos dinámicos de ajuste parcial, uno para las emisiones de CO2 y otro para la energía, ambos para el período 1971-2011. Los resultados sugieren la existencia de un EKC, con los puntos de inflexión de la energía en 2006 y las emisiones de CO2 en el año 2011. Estos patrones apuntan a una posible desvinculación del crecimiento económico y la presión del medio ambiente. Los resultados muestran que, los cambios en la composición de las fuentes de energía aumentan el ahorro de energía y la reducción de las emisiones de CO2. La elasticidad ingreso de energía y las emisiones, a lo largo del período presenta tendencia descendente, y cae a cero en el punto de inflexión de la EKC.
En el tercer capítulo, se determinan los sectores clave del consumo de energía primaria, y se realiza un análisis de cambio estructural del consumo de energía primaria considerando los sectores económicos de Colombia, durante el período 1996-2010. Esto se logra, usando un modelo input-output con un enfoque de demanda, y otro enfoque alternativo, del uso de energía. El primer enfoque, muestra que el descenso en el consumo de energía primaria, se explica mejor por la tecnología, mientras que su incremento se explica por los cambios en los niveles de demanda. El segundo enfoque, reitera la importancia del cambio técnico en la reducción del consumo de energía, mientras que la demanda y el uso de la tecnología, dan cuenta del aumento en el consumo de energía. Las elasticidades sectoriales estimadas muestran que los sectores clave para el desarrollo de una política de conservación energética son: el transporte terrestre y los servicios.This thesis aims to determine and quantify the relationship between energy consumption, economic activity and CO2 emissions in Colombia in three self-contained chapters. In chapter one, factors explaining trends in CO2 emissions and energy efficiency for the period 1971 to 2010 are analysed. For this purpose, two decompositions are developed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index: one for CO2 emissions based on the Kaya identity, and another for primary energy consumption per unit of output or activity, measured at the sectorial level. Results show that energy intensity is the main factor explaining the decline in CO2 emissions and improvement in energy efficiency. Transport and manufacturing are the sectors with the largest reductions in energy intensity. Structural change in the latter sector also helps to improve energy efficiency. In chapter two, the relationship between two environmental pressure indicators (CO2 emissions per capita and per capita energy consumption) and other variables (such as per capita GDP and the composition of the energy) is analyzed. Moreover, the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (EKC) is tested for these environmental pressures. A simulation method is used to estimate the income elasticity of energy and CO2 emissions. For these purposes, two partial adjustment dynamic models are estimated for CO2 emissions and energy for the period 1971-2011. Results suggest the existence of an EKC, with turning points for energy in 2006 and for CO2 emissions in 2011. These patterns point to a possible de-linking of economic growth and environmental pressure. The result reveals that changes in the composition of energy sources has increased energy savings and reduced CO2 emissions. Throughout the period, the income elasticity of energy and emissions presents a downward trend and fall to zero at the turning point of the EKC. Chapter three, determines key sectors of primary energy consumption and analyses structural change in primary energy consumption in Colombian all sectors from 1995 to 2010. This is done using an input-output model applying demand and use of energy approaches. The first approach shows that technology best explains the decline in energy consumption, while its subsequent increase is explained by rises in demand. The second approach reiterates the importance of technical change in the reduction of energy consumption, while demand and the use of technology accounts for the increase in energy use. Estimated sectoral elasticities show that land transport and services are key sectors on which energy conservation policies should focus.
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Alves, Victor Lucas Pedroso. "Agregados monetários ponderados: impactos sobre a inflação e o produtos da economia brasileira." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The benefits and the costs of the monetary policy alternatives have been debated trough decades, without a consensus of how it should be conducted. The most common instruments are, between other, the interest rate, the money supply and monetary reserves. In the last twenty five years, the generalized adoption of inflation targeting evidenced that monetary policy had been based only on the interest rates, and the new regime demanded measurement on inflationary expectations and inflation sensibility on interest rate changes. However, the monetary aggregates observed signs brought back the discussion of its use as an instrument, since the European Central Bank (ECB) had put weight on the aggregates behavior to its monetary policy decisions. Besides it, Brazilian monetary policy neglects the usage of the monetary aggregates as suggested by the ECB. Therefore, this thesis aims to verify the effects of monetary shocks from Divisia and simple sum monetary aggregates on Brazilian product and inflation considering the period between February 1980 and December 2013. Each asset that compose the monetary aggregates were weighted by its opportunity cost obtaining the Divisia monetary aggregates indexes. Vector auto regression models (VAR) were estimated to study the relationship among variables. Specially, Divisia monetary aggregates showed higher sensibility in each economic scenario considered, even with similar behavior to the simple sum intensities. This seems to be intensely observed on the Divisia monetary aggregates impulse response functions. So, considering the weighted monetary aggregates, the impacts on the product and price level seems to be sensible to the economic scenario according to each economic scenario particularity.
A indecisão quanto a melhor forma de condução da política fez com que a literatura debatesse durante décadas os benefícios e custos das alternativas de política monetária. Os instrumentos mais comuns são, entre outras alternativas, a taxa de juros, a oferta de moeda em circulação e as reservas da autoridade monetária. Nos últimos vinte e cinco anos, a adoção generalizada do regime de metas de inflação mostrou que a política monetária ficou calcada apenas nas taxas de juros, com desdobramentos sobre a aferição das expectativas de inflação e a sua sensibilidade em relação às taxas de juros. Todavia, os sinais observados a partir dos agregados monetários possibilitaram a rediscussão do uso de agregados, já que o Banco Central Europeu (BCE) passou a atribuir significativo peso sobre os agregados monetários para as decisões de política. Apesar de tal fato, a política monetária no Brasil desconsidera o uso de tais agregados na magnitude sugerida pelo BCE. Assim, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo verificar os impactos dos choques monetários, medidos por alterações nos agregados monetários, sobre os preços e sobre o produto da economia brasileira para o período de fevereiro de 1980 a dezembro de 2013. Considerou-se uma ponderação de cada ativo que compõe os agregados monetários, sendo o peso representado pelo custo de oportunidade associado a sua manutenção. Modelos vetoriais auto regressivos (VAR) foram estimados, considerando a relação entre as variáveis e suas especificidades. Os agregados monetários ponderados, de fato, apresentaram comportamento distinto do observado em soma simples, principalmente entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990, dado o cenário econômico da época. As funções impulso resposta apresentaram comportamento semelhante, mas com intensidades diferentes, ou seja, ao considerar os agregados ponderados os impactos da oferta de moeda sobre a inflação e o produto se mostraram sensíveis ao cenário econômico de cada período considerado.
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Pärssinen, Martti. "Confederaciones interprovinciales y grandes señores interétnicos en el Tawantinsuyu." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Interprovincial Confederations and Great Inter-Ethnic Lords in TawantinsuyuThe four suyus of Tawantinsuyu were divided into various administrative provinces called guamaníes. However, there were also some interprovincial confederations as well as other inter-ethnic formations within the Inca State (e.g. Colesuyu, Collao, Charcas, etc.). They remain a much-neglected area of investigation, but we do know that some of the lords of these confederations were regarded as apocuna, "kings, captain generals and segundas personas of the Inca". For example, according to an unpublished manuscript, kept in the General Indian Archive of Seville, the grandson of the curaca of Lurin Huanca said in 1561 that his grandfather was married to an Inca daughter, and as an Inca’s son-in-law, he governed a territory up to the Quito, as he was also the lord of the parcialidades of "hananguanca, luringuanca y Jauja". While we need not take this statement too literally, we should not reject it, either, among many other independent and quite similar pieces of evidence. It seems that special privileges with interprovincial powers were indeed granted by the Incas (within the respective suyus), and especially to chiefs who distinguished themselves in military campaigns. Furthermore, some Incas related to a religious cult, such as Apu Chalco Yupanqui, the son of the first Copacabana Governor, also had great interprovincial authority, similar to that described by Sarmiento in connection with suyoyoc apo. In this article we aim to elaborate on the hypothesis that the origin of these kinds of confederations and inter-ethnic powers may have been political or religious. Additionally, it seems that religion and military powers were frequently inseparable, because every military group had its own huaca or powerful idol, commonly shared with various local ethnic groups of the same area. In general, it was the chiefs of the most important military groups that received special privileges, and it was these same groups that were later used to setting up units of political and economic administration.Los cuatro suyus del Tawantinsuyu estuvieron divididos en varias provincias administrativas llamadas guamaníes; pero, existieron también algunas confederaciones interprovinciales y otras divisiones administrativas interétnicas dentro del Estado Inca, entre las que destacaron Colesuyu, Collao, Charcas, etc. A pesar de la poca información sobre el tema, se sabe que algunos jefes de estas confederaciones fueron considerados como apocuna, "soberanos, capitanes generales y segundas personas del Inca". Así pues, según un manuscrito inédito conservado en el Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla, un nieto del curaca de Lurin Huanca declaró en 1561 que su abuelo se casó con la hija del Inca y en su condición de yerno habría gobernado el territorio que se extendía hasta las provincias de Quito, siendo además señor de las parcialidades de "hananguanca, luringuanca y Jauja". Aunque no se acepta esta información en sentido literal, tampoco se la rechaza, pues se tiene conocimiento de otras declaraciones parecidas como testimonios independientes, dentro de un grupo de otras manifestaciones. Pudo suceder que los incas del Cuzco dieron mercedes especiales con poderes interprovinciales —dentro de los respectivos suyus— a los jefes que se distinguieron en las campañas conquistadoras, pero también algunos incas del culto estatal, como Apu Chalco Yupanqui, hijo del primer gobernador de Copacabana, tenían mucha autoridad interprovincial, parecida a la que Sarmiento describe en relación a un suyoyoc apo. Por ello, en este artículo se presenta la hipótesis de que el origen de dicho tipo de confederaciones y poderes interétnicos puede ser militar o religioso. Además, parece que muchas veces los poderes religiosos eran inseparables de los poderes militares, porque cada grupo militar tenía también su propia huaca o ídolo poderoso, muchas veces compartido con varias etnias de la misma área. En general, los jefes de los grupos más hábiles en los frentes bélicos recibieron ciertos privilegios y también es posible que, posteriormente, estos mismos grupos hayan sido empleados como unidades de la administración política y económica.
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Knight, Ariahna N. (Ariahna Nichole). "Creating a framework for a humanitarian response capacity index." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-51).
Humanitarian logistics encapsulates all supply chain efforts in response to a disaster or emergency. Despite the increased focus on humanitarian supply chains, there is not a general method for measuring the supply chain response capacity. We propose a model for humanitarian response capacity based on the stock levels and supplier capacity of an organization. We evaluate the model using inventory stock level data from the United Nations Humanitarian Response Depots (UN HRD) and a combination of inventory stock level and supplier contracted replenishment time data from the New York City Office of Emergency Management (NYC OEM). Model results in response to four simulated disaster events graphically show the approximate number of people that can be served as well as the oscillations in capacity during the response and replenishment phases. Given the span from global (UN HRD) to municipal (NYC OEM) contexts, this response capacity model provides a framework for developing a more general index that can aid organizations in making important investment decisions in order to save lives with more efficient disaster response.
by Ariahna N. Knight
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Bhengra, Dilbar. "Archaeology of the Chotanagpur division, Jharkhand /." Delhi : Agam Kala Prakashan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41067124t.
Повний текст джерела
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León, Hilario Leysser L. "Giorgio del Vecchio comentarista de la Divina comedia." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122548.
Повний текст джерела
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Bustos, Felipe (Felipe Antonio Bustos Sánchez), and Fernando Andres Barraza. "Characterizing manufacturing activity in the United States of America : composite index of leading indicators." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, February 2012."February, 2012." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 73).
The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that is possible to characterize the US manufacturing activity utilizing public data. Analysis of the state of the art in manufacturing metrics showed that our approach is unique since exploits a niche that is not covered by any existent report or indicator. A Composite Index of Leading Indicators (MCI) was created for the domestic manufacturing activity, exclusively based in official data from the US Census Bureau and the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. The MCI was benchmarked against the US Manufacturing Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As a result, evidence was found that MCI anticipates in 5 - 9 months to the GDP economic fluctuations, as measured through cross-correlation analysis. Additionally, the developed framework was satisfactorily applied to Canada as a second source of validation. In practice, other feature of MCI that stands out respect the existent metrics is that provides insight at the level of subsectors according to the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). The MCI behaves properly in 18 of the 20 subsectors analyzed, being of especial interest the subsectors like Primary Metals and Petroleum and Coal Products, which have a larger lead and correlation. Conclusions of our work show that the manufacturing sector can be effectively described using the MCI, providing managers and decision makers with a novel perspective of the upcoming manufacturing scenario.
Felipe Bustos and Fernando Barraza.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Iglesias, Vila Marisa. "Subsidiarity and International Human Rights Tribunals: Deference to States or Cooperative Division of Labor?" Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116378.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article I develop a normative theory of the subsidiarity principle in international adjudication, which seeks to offer a balanced answer to the question of to what extent is it legitimate for a body such as the European Court of Human Rights to interfere with the national criteria in the face of a complaint on conventional rights violation. In contrast with demands for greater deference to states in both Europe and Latin America, based on a statist idea of subsidiarity, I articulate a «cooperative» understanding of the ideas of human rights and the principle of subsidiarity, linking them to Buchanan’s notion of ecological legitimacy. The proposal I defend leads to a division of institutional labor within regional human rights systems that increases the legitimacy of all the institutions involved. At the same time, I devote the last part of the paper to implement such cooperative view, on the one hand, showing the importance of an incremental logic in the effective protection of human rights and, on the other hand, offering a rationalized version of the national margin of appreciation doctrine.En este trabajo desarrollo una teoría normativa del principio de subsidiariedad en la adjudicación internacional que pretende ofrecer una respuesta equilibrada a la pregunta de hasta qué punto es legítimo para un órgano como el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos interferir en el criterio estatal cuando valora una denuncia por violación de derechos convencionales. Frente a las demandas de una mayor deferencia hacia los Estados que encontramos tanto en Europa como en Latinoamérica, basadas en una idea estatista de la subsidiariedad, articulo una concepción «cooperativa» de los derechos humanos y del principio de subsidiariedad, uniéndolas a la idea de legitimidad ecológica sugerida por Buchanan. La propuesta que defiendo conduce a una división del trabajo institucional dentro de los sistemas regionales de derechos humanos que aumenta la legitimidad de todas las instituciones involucradas. Al mismo tiempo, desarrollo una forma de implementar esta concepción cooperativa, por una parte, mostrando la importancia de una lógica incremental en la protección efectiva de derechos humanos y, por otra parte, ofreciendo una versión racionalizada de la doctrina del margen de apreciación estatal.
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Shao, Liang Frank. "Two Essays on the Correlation between Economic Growth and Income Inequality." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/555.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
“Skills, Occupation Inequality and Development” is a theoretical study. There is no general agreement about how income inequality will affect development in the long run. Classic growth models show that income inequality is beneficial to development due to agent’s heterogeneity and marginal propensity to save increasing with wealth. Neoclassical growth models present that income distribution plays no significant role on development assuming representative agents and decreasing marginal returns in investment. New classical growth theory demonstrates that income inequality impedes growth due to credit constraints and indivisibility of investment in human capital. This paper studies income inequality through the channel of complementary skills and occupations in aggregate production. In a new classical model economy with two complementary occupations, CES production technology, skills in utility, and uncertainty of completing high-skilled occupations, we find a continuum of equilibria denoted by a correspondence between aggregate capital stock and the low-skilled population share regardless of the distribution in initial endowments. Aggregate capital stock and aggregate income per capita are non-monotonically related to the low-skilled population share. Aggregate income per capita will be maximized at a certain distribution of occupations on the continuum of equilibria. Therefore, the correlation between development and inequality of occupation distribution can be both positive and negative which depends on the position of occupation division on the continuum of equilibria. The correlation between low skills and occupation inequality is monotonic within a country, but the correlation is opposite between developed and developing economies. The low skills will move up on the continuum of equilibria if the occupation inequality is smaller (larger) in developed (developing) economies. The study also shows that inequality of the occupation distribution plays different effects in developed economies from those in developing economies due to the assumption that skills affect the completion of occupations. Developing economies also present two patterns of equilibria, in which one has higher optimum inequality of occupations, another one has lower optimum inequality of occupations. The cause of two patterns of equilibria for developing economies comes from the assumption of Cobb-Douglas production function. Shifts of equilibrium lead to new levels of development due to a change of inequality in other characteristics of the economy. “Fair Division of Income Distribution, Development and Growth: Evidence from a Panel of Countries” is an empirical exercise. I use an unbalanced panel data to explore the correlation between aggregate income per capita and income inequality. A lot of studies document controversial results using the Gini index or other summary measurements of income inequality. I measure income inequality by the two dimensions of a point on the Lorenz Curve, where the Lorenz curve has unit slope. It is called fair division point, which involves the fair population share and the fair income share. The difference between the fair population share and the fair income share approximates the Gini index of an income distribution. My analysis shows that a country’s low income population relatively decreases (the fair population share drops slightly) as the economy grows; and at the same time, those low income households are relatively worse off (the fair income share falls even though the GDP per capita increases). Inversely, as an economy becomes rich, there are more low income households (the fair population share increases), but those low income households are better off (the fair income share goes up and GDP per capita increases as well). Overall, both the Gini index and the difference between the fair population share and the fair income share have been increasing during the last half century in the panel of countries. Therefore, income inequality increases as an economy is getting richer. The analysis presents strong evidence for optimum income inequality regarding both the aggregate productivity and the growth rate of GDP, where income inequality is measured by either the Gini index or the fair division shares. But no evidence has been found for the Kuznets’ hypothesis. Both high and low inequality of income distribution could harm an economy as we compare with its potential optimum inequality. Also developed economies show different optimum inequality from that in developing economies, and there is the growth-worst fair population share that results in the lowest growth in developed economies. Measurement of income inequality matters on its economic effects for the subsamples of the panel data.
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Silvero, Salgueiro Jorge. "El sistema de división de poderes en las constituciones de Argentina, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/97381.
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Twomey, Michael J. "Términos de intercambio, afluencia extraordinaria de divisas y tipo de cambio real en América Latina." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118135.
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Sole, Christopher J., Timothy J. Suchomel, and Michael H. Stone. "Preliminary Scale of Reference Values for Evaluating Reactive Strength Index-Modified in Male and Female NCAA Division I Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this analysis was to construct a preliminary scale of reference values for reactive strength index-modified (RSImod). Countermovement jump data from 151 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate athletes (male n = 76; female n = 75) were analyzed. Using percentiles, scales for both male and female samples were constructed. For further analysis, athletes were separated into four performance groups based on RSImod and comparisons of jump height (JH), and time to takeoff (TTT) were performed. RSImod values ranged from 0.208 to 0.704 and 0.135 to 0.553 in males and females, respectively. Males had greater RSImod (p < 0.001, d = 1.15) and JH (p < 0.001, d = 1.41) as compared to females. No statistically significant difference was observed for TTT between males and females (p = 0.909, d = 0.02). Only JH was found to be statistically different between all performance groups. For TTT no statistical differences were observed when comparing the top two and middle two groups for males and top two, bottom two, and middle two groups for females. Similarities in TTT between sexes and across performance groups suggests JH is a primary factor contributing to differences in RSImod. The results of this analysis provide practitioners with additional insight as well as a scale of reference values for evaluating RSImod scores in collegiate athletes.
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Álvarez, Lucas. "The Propedeutic Role of the Sophist and the Emergence of the Philosopher. Division, Dialectic and Paradigms in Plato’s Sophist." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113085.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper will examine the issue of Plato’s purposes in the Sophist. First, we will shed light on the main purpose Plato might be drawing in the prologue of the dialog, where the Eleatic Stranger begins to show his philosophical status. Then, we will locate the sophist’s characterization within this main purpose, by reading the result of this characterization as an implicit παράδειγμα which prepares the execution ofthe dialectic and anticipates the defining features of an object key to this science.El propósito de este trabajo es examinar la cuestión de los objetivos planteados por Platón en el diálogo Sofista. En primer lugar, procuramos echar luz sobre el objetivo general que se estaría trazando en el prólogo de la obra, allí donde el Extranjero de Elea comienza a demostrar su estatus filosófico. En segundo lugar, nos ocupamos de ubicar la caracterización del sofista en el marco de ese objetivo, interpretando el resultado de dicha caracterización como un παράδειγμα implícito que prepara la ejecución de la dialéctica y anticipa los rasgos de un objeto clave de esa ciencia.
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Santos-Granero, Fernando. "Las fronteras son creadas para ser transgredidas: magia, historia y política de la antigua divisoria entre Andes y Amazonía en el Perú." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article analyses the level of enrichment achieved by viceroys Castelldosrius and Castelfuerte. This is a central theme for evaluating the Spanish state, the ways in which the networks of political clientelism were woven during the reign of Philip V, and how all this was projected into the Peruvian viceroyalty. This study is based on a wealth of documentary material and offers a new reading on the political culture of the eighteenth century.La construcción de la Amazonía como categoría distinta, opuesta a los Andes, es el resultado de procesos vinculados con la expansión de formaciones estatales centradas en los Andes. El análisis de cinco textos cortos acerca de la región amazónica peruana escritos durante los períodos colonial y post-colonial por una diversidad de actores sociales revela una retórica omnipresente de alteridad cuyo contenido varía de acuerdo a los objetivos particulares de sus autores. En todos los casos, sin embargo, el propósito es el mismo,la imposición de fronteras de diferenciación como justificación para la integración estatal, expresada en la mercantilización y consumo simbólico del Otro amazónico.
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Turskaya, Anna A. "Applicability of the Inclusive Wealth Index as a measure of sustainable development for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-115).
Following UNEP's global assessment of nations' sustainable development in 2012 and 2014, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI) growth per capita has been negative. This study evaluates the extent to which the Inclusive Wealth Index is applicable to the nation. The study evaluates the method and makes new contributions for Saudi Arabia by adding components that had been omitted in the initial assessment, such as fisheries and minerals. The stocks for the fossil fuels had been changed to represent technically recoverable reserves, addressing the current paradox of increasing reserves. The global database sources are replaced with the local Saudi for 1999 until 2013. As a result, the new IWI is found to be closer to the 2014 report in absolute numbers and in comparable in the relative figures to the 2012 report, representing a still negative, unsustainable growth. The second part of the study looks at adapting the Inclusive Wealth Index to a subnational level, revealing large regional discrepancies between the Eastern Province and the Central regions, such as Mecca, Riyadh and Medina.
by Anna Turskaya.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Valdivia, Santa Cruz Segundo. "Mamá, ¿ya estás viniendo? Varones y mujeres proveedores de recursos y cuidados." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115229.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper analyses how labor, family and labor-family relationships have changed recently in Peru and analyses also their effects on the household division of work in families where both parents perceive salaries. Our findings focus on: a) the roles of both parents (male and female) as household providers and their views on parenting, b) the scheduling of family activities and labor flexibility, c) the tensions in labor-family relationships d) the social practices related to domestic activities and childcare and e) the struggles for power in daily interactions related to the division of labor.Hemos investigado cómo los cambios por los que han pasado en los últimos tiempos el trabajo, la familia y la relación trabajo-familia han afectado a su vez a la relación y la división entre el trabajo remunerado y el trabajo familiar o doméstico de cuidados, sobre todo en familias donde tanto el varón como la mujer tienen trabajos remunerados. Nuestros principales hallazgos y reflexiones están relacio- nados con: (i) los roles del varón y la mujer: en la proveeduría de recursos, la maternidad y paternidad;(ii) la organización del tiempo en las familias y las condiciones de flexibilidad en los trabajos; (iii) las tensiones en la relación trabajo-familia
(iv) las prácticas en las tareas domésticas y de cuidados, y (v) las confrontaciones de poder en la interacción cotidiana para la realización de la división del trabajo.
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Peeni, Manu H. "The effects of the front squat and back squat on vertical jump and lower body power index of Division 1 male volleyball players /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1892.pdf.
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Peeni, Manu Hoani. "The Effects of the Front Squat and Back Squat on Vertical Jump and Lower Body Power Index of Division 1 Male Volleyball Players." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/930.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to compare effects of the front squat and back squat on vertical jump and lower body power index of division 1 male volleyball players. Eighteen NCAA Division 1 male volleyball players volunteered for this study and were assigned either to a back squat or a front squat training program group. Subjects followed the training program for 8 weeks. Counter-movement vertical jump (CMVJ) height and lower body power index were measured at 0, 4 and 8 weeks of the study. A 2x3 factorial ANOVA revealed no significant difference in CMVJ height and power index between the training groups (p = 0.921). In addition, changes in power index over 8 weeks were not significant (p = 0.931). There was significant improvement for both groups in CMVJ height from 0 to 4 weeks (p = .001) and from 0 to 8 weeks (p = .000), but not from 4 to 8 weeks (p =.080). Both front squat and back squat strength training programs were both equally effective at enhancing CMVJ performance.
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Luna, Vidal Jorge Fernando, and Vela Roxana Maribel Reluz. "Estudio de factibilidad técnico – económico para la producción de hidrógeno a partir del gas natural en el complejo Yura División - Cachimayo." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2002. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2002/luna_vj/html/index-frames.html.
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Reardon, Thomas. "Impactos del ajuste estructural en los ingresos reales del Perú en los años 80: un examen de la reducción del subsidio a los alimentos y de la devaluación." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118277.
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Krois, Joachim, Achim Schulte, Vigo Edwin Pajares, and Moreno Carlos Cerdan. "Temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall patterns in the Northern Sierra of Peru – A case study for La Niña to El Niño transitions from 2005 to 2010." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The climatic conditions of the northern Sierra of Peru are marked by the interaction of different macro- to mesoscale climatic features such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or Mesoscale Convective Complexes (MCCs) and the seasonally shifting Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), but also by local scale climatic features such as inhomogeneous topography and local wind fields. The region under investigation, located in the vicinity of the South America Continental Water Divide (CWD), provides the opportunity to study interactions of western and eastern disturbances in a high mountain environment and their effects on rainfall variability. In general, rainfall variability is related to diurnal convection patterns, enhanced by valley breeze systems and modulated by local scale wind anomalies. Spillover of low-level air masses of Pacific origin passing over the Andean ridges is frequent. Although direct effects of ENSO on high Andean rainfall variability are in debate, our findings show that the majority of rain gauges used in this study follow an El Niño/dry and a La Niña/wet signal. However, high elevation areas on the western escarpment of the Andes benefit from abundant nocturnal rainfall that partly offsets the rainfall deficits during El Niño. Our data suggest that the spatial extent of this easterly wet pulse is limited to areas located above 3000 m asl. ENSO cycles contribute to rainfall variability near the CWD in the northern Sierra of Peru by modulating the seasonal rainfall regime and causing a positive temperature anomaly.Las condiciones climáticas de la sierra norte del Perú están marcadas por la interacción de diferentes rasgos climáticos a escalas macro y meso, tal como el fenómeno ENSO o los Complejos Convectivos a Meso-escala (MCC) y la estacionalmente móvil Zona de Interconvergencia Intertropical (ITCZ), pero también por rasgos climáticos a escala local tales como la heterogeneidad topográfica y los campos de vientos locales. La zona de estudio se ubica en las cercanías de la divisoria de aguas continentales de Sudamérica (CWD), provee la oportunidad de estudiar las interacciones de las disturbancias occidental y oriental en un ambiente de alta montaña y sus efectos en la variabilidad de las precipitaciones. En general la variabilidad de las precipitaciones se relaciona con patrones de convección diurna, reforzada por los sistemas de brisas de valle y modulada por anomalías de vientos a escala local. El desplazamiento de masas de aire a baja altura provenientes del Pacífico que remontan los Andes es frecuente. Aunque los efectos directos del ENSO en la variabilidad de las precipitaciones andinas está todavía en debate, nuestras investigaciones muestran que la mayoría de las mediciones hechas para este estudio siguen una señal El Niño/seco y La Niña/húmedo. Sin embargo, las zonas altas de lasescarpas occidentales de los Andes se benefician de abundante lluvia nocturna que parcialmente completa los déficits de precipitaciones durante El Niño. Nuestros datos sugieren que la cobertura espacial de este pulso húmedo del Este se limita a áreas que se ubican encima de los 3000 msnm. Los ciclos ENSO contribuyen a la variabilidad de las precipitaciones cerca del CWD en la sierra norte del Perú mediante la modulación del régimen estacional de lluvias que causa una anomalía de temperatura positiva.
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Sears, Leigh A. "Body image and behavior in NCAA division III female athletes involved in team sports in the midwest." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1188918638.
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Banks, Pierre W. "Exploratory Study of Generational Differences in Facets and Overall Job Satisfaction of a Division in a Multi-state Healthcare Provider." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1554425954469182.
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Kayanga, Andrew Mulindwa. "Essays in Corporate Governance: Issues and Evidence from Equity Carve-Outs." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/892.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation consists of three essays examining the relation between corporate governance and firm performance. The theme of this study is that the widely documented long-term underperformance in equity carve-outs can be partly explained by weak corporate governance. The first essay presented in Chapter 2 explores the effect of shareholder-rights protection on the performance of a sample of firms that initiated a carve-out during the period 1983-2004. Using the Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick (2003) index and Bebchuk, Cohen, and Ferrell (2004) entrenchment index, as proxies for the quality of shareholder-rights protection, I provide evidence that firms with better shareholder rights protection outperform those with weaker rights protection. Results indicate that the weaker the rights protection, the greater the degree of underperformance. Overall, the results are robust to measures of firm performance and to model specification. The second essay presented in Chapter 3 examines the relation between firm performance and board structure. In particular, I study how board size, board independence, and CEO duality influence firm performance. I find that board size for non-financial firms is negatively related to firm performance but positively associated with performance for financial firms. Board independence is positively related to firm performance and CEO duality is negatively associated with performance for both financial and non-financial firms. These results are robust to various measures of firm performance. The conflicting evidence on board size, between financials and non-financials, seems to suggest that the scope and complexity of a firm.s operations drives board size. The third essay presented in Chapter 4 investigates corporate ownership and firm performance. I focus on insider ownership, outside blockholder ownership, and ownership concentration. Results show that insider ownership is negatively related to firm performance even at low levels of insider ownership levels. It is plausible that the combination of parent ownership and management ownership in the subsidiary exacerbate the entrenchment effect thus overwhelming the incentive alignment effects that theory posits. I document a positive relation between outside blockholder ownership and firm performance. And finally, I show that the level of ownership concentration increases (decreases) in anticipation of positive (negative) changes in firm performance.
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Medina, Valenzuela Ingrid. "Effects of the Transfer of Business in the Labor Relationship. Beyond the Application of the Principle of Continuity." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last stage of development of capitalism, transfers of businesses are frequent. For this purpose, legal systems have regulated procedures to protect creditors and shareholders. In Peruvian legal system, the General Law of Corporations regulates these kinds of transfers through mergers, divisions and reorganizations. However, those operations influence in employment relationships because of the translation of its productive organizations. Even though, there is no regulation to determine the consequences of transfer in these kinds of relations in an organizational way, this legal gap is tend to be solved through the application of the principle of continuity developed by Peruvian jurisprudence.In this short paper, it defines the concept, elements, and the effects of the transfer of an undertaking from the perspective of labor law, giving special attention to the analysis of what the author calls “collateral “ or unwanted effects transfer , as aspects that go beyond the principle of continuity to safeguard labor rights.En la última fase de evolución del capitalismo es frecuente el uso de operaciones comerciales de traspaso empresarial, para la cual los ordenamientos jurídicos han regulado procedimientos facilitadores, donde se ha puesto énfasis en la protección de acreedores y de titulares de acciones o participaciones de las sociedades. Así en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, la Ley General de Sociedades contiene disposiciones que regulan la transmisión de empresa a través de operaciones mercantiles como fusiones, escisiones y reorganizaciones. Sin embargo, estas operaciones inciden también en las relaciones laborales, toda vez que suponen el traspaso de la organización productiva. No hay regulación que determine de forma orgánica las consecuencias de la transmisión de empresa en las relaciones laborales, laguna que ha pretendido ser cubierta a través del principio de continuidad, desarrollado jurisprudencialmente. En este trabajo de corta extensión se delimita el concepto, los elementos, y los efectos de la transmisión de empresa, desde la perspectiva del derecho del Trabajo, dando especial relevancia al análisis de lo que la autora denomina efectos “colaterales” o no deseados del traspaso, como aspectos que superan la aplicación del principio de continuidad para la salvaguarda de derechos laborales.
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Abu-alhiga, Rami. "Novel feedback and signalling mechanisms for interference management and efficient modulation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4632.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to meet the ever-growing demand for mobile data, a number of different technologies have been adopted by the fourth generation standardization bodies. These include multiple access schemes such as spatial division multiple access (SDMA), and efficient modulation techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based modulation. The specific objectives of this theses are to develop an effective feedback method for interference management in smart antenna SDMA systems and to design an efficient OFDM-based modulation technique, where an additional dimension is added to the conventional two-dimensional modulation techniques such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). In SDMA time division duplex (TDD) systems, where channel reciprocity is maintained, uplink (UL) channel sounding method is considered as one of the most promising feedback methods due to its bandwidth and delay efficiency. Conventional channel sounding (CCS) only conveys the channel state information (CSI) of each active user to the base station (BS). Due to the limitation in system performance because of co-channel interference (CCI) from adjacent cells in interference-limited scenarios, CSI is only a suboptimal metric for multiuser spatial multiplexing optimization. The first major contribution of this theses is a novel interference feedback method proposed to provide the BS with implicit knowledge about the interference level received by each mobile station (MS). More specifically, it is proposed to weight the conventional channel sounding pilots by the level of the experienced interference at the user’s side. Interference-weighted channel sounding (IWCS) acts as a spectrally efficient feedback technique that provides the BS with implicit knowledge about CCI experienced by each MS, and significantly improves the downlink (DL) sum capacity for both greedy and fair scheduling policies. For the sake of completeness, a novel procedure is developed to make the IWCS pilots usable for UL optimization. It is proposed to divide the optimization metric obtained from the IWCS pilots by the interference experienced at the BS’s antennas. The resultant new metric, the channel gain divided by the multiplication of DL and UL interference, provides link-protection awareness and is used to optimize both UL and DL. Using maximum capacity scheduling criterion, the link-protection aware metric results in a gain in the median system sum capacity of 26.7% and 12.5% in DL and UL respectively compared to the case when conventional channel sounding techniques are used. Moreover, heuristic algorithm has been proposed in order to facilitate a practical optimization and to reduce the computational complexity. The second major contribution of this theses is an innovative transmission approach, referred to as subcarrier-index modulation (SIM), which is proposed to be integrated with OFDM. The key idea of SIM is to employ the subcarrier-index to convey information to the receiver. Furthermore, a closed-form analytical bit error ratio (BER) of SIM OFDM in Rayleigh channel is derived. Simulation results show BER performance gain of 4 dB over 4-QAM OFDM for both coded and uncoded data without power saving policy. Alternatively, power saving policy maintains an average gain of 1 dB while only using half OFDM symbol transmit power.
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Faßauer, Gabriele, and Frank Schirmer. "Outcome-oriented performance management as source of anomie - a conceptual and index-based analysis of current developments in organizations: Paper accepted for the Academy of Management Meeting 2008, Anaheim, California, USA (OMT-Division)." Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28718.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The change from Fordist to Post-Fordist production and employment systems typically correlates with a more outcome-oriented management of individual and collective performance. This article aims to develop a critical perspective on the implementation of these performance management systems. In particular, the significance and the change of performance norms and standards will be analyzed and acknowledged. Our central premise is that the more the norms and standards of job performance are downgraded and replaced by a demand for specific performance outcome, the more anomic tendencies in organizations will increase. Anomie, as growing weakness of workplace norms and standards, is among some of the unintenional and paradoxical of the new performance management. It bears the danger to undermine some necessary organizational requirements of job performance and over the long run, results in a normative destabilization of organizations.
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Fenex, Bart Lindy. "The "Iron cage" of division I athletics and football as status imperatives constraint and change among American universities /." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=2019830591&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1274721240&clientId=48051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2010.Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 24, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Drgová, Lenka. "Hodnocení finanční výkonnosti podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234702.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This master thesis is focused on an assessment of the financial situation of the company Fatra, a.s. and on comparation with its competitors by selected proportion rations of the financial analyses. Competitors are simillar companies from the Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community and in Czech Republic throughout the years 2010 - 2014. Literature review dealing with the issue of evaluating financial performance of the company was used as a basis for the theoretical part. The practical part contains calculations of the financial analysis and interpretation of the achieved results with a emphasis on benchmarking. Data for this thesis were obtained from Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic, Czech Statistical Office and from Amadeus database. The conclusion summarizes findings and results in recommen-dations to improve financial performance.
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Girard, Victoire. "The economic relevance of caste and religious identities in India." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’identité est une nouvelle frontière pour la recherche en économie. Nombre de questions en cours d’exploration, telles que les conflits, la coopération,la culture, la confiance, le bonheur, ou le capital social, remontent à une question liée à l’identité. Cette thèse se focalise sur les conditions qui rendent une identité saillante à travers l’étude des identités de caste et de religion en Inde rurale. Il s’agit d’une contribution empirique, qui s’appuie sur des données villages et ménages. Cette thèse se concentre en particulier sur les conflits ou la ségrégation, qui sont autant de signaux que les identités de groupe sont saillantes. Ainsi, cette thèse étudie les raisons qui peuvent rendre une identité de caste ou de religion importante pour les conflits (première partie), et l’accès aux bien publics (deuxième partie). Dans les chapitres 1 et 2, je documente que les différences entre les groupes, qu’elles portent soit sur les bénéfices retirés de biens censés être publics, ou sur la distribution de la richesse, peuvent affecter la relation entre identité et conflit dans l’inde rurale. Dans le chapitre 3, je montre que le processus d’exclusion peut être modifié par des interventions politiques, en l’occurrence la mise en place de quotas en faveur des basses castes, cependant les quotas apparaissent n’avoir d’effet que pendant le mandat où le quota est en placeIdentity is a new frontier for research in economics. Many of the puzzles in economics today can be traced back to a question of identity: conflict, cooperation, culture, trust, happiness, and social capital, among others. This dissertation asks which conditions make an identity salient through the case studyof caste and religious identities in India. It is an empirical contribution, relying on village and household level data. This dissertation studies whether and howcaste or religious identities matter for conflicts (first part), and public goods access(second part). In Chapters 1 and 2, I document that differences in either group level payoff (from supposed-to-be public goods), or wealth distribution, can affectthe relation between identity and conflict. In Chapter 3, I show that process ofexclusion can be modified by political interventions, namely the imposition of political quotas in favor of the low castes
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Graham, Jennifer R. "An examination of United Methodist clergy." 24-page ProQuest preview, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1425291381&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=14&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1220041274&clientId=10355.
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Ibraimo, Yasfir Daudo. "The macroeconomic effects of public debt : an empirical analysis of Mozambique." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mestrado em EconomiaA divida publica tem estado a crescer acentuadamente nos últimos anos, o que sugere um crescimento da despesa publica financiado pela emissão da divida publica em oposição ao uso da tributação. Não tem existido consenso relativamente as implicações económicas da emissão da divida publica para financiar a despesa publica. Esta dissertação investiga de forma empírica os efeitos macroeconómicos da divida publica para o caso de Moçambique para o período do primeiro trimestre de 2001 ao quarto trimestre de 2016. Modelo de Vector Autoregressivo são usados para avaliar os efeitos macroeconómicos da divida publica através da função impulso-resposta e a decomposição da variância. Esta dissertação conclui que variáveis ligadas ao serviço da divida tem efeitos negativos significativos nesta economia comparando com variáveis ligadas a divida publica. Variáveis de divida publica no período deste estudo não tiveram um impacto significativo no produto real e as variáveis do serviço da divida reduziram significativamente o produto real, aumentou o nível geral de preços e depreciou a moeda domestica.
Public debt has been rising markedly over the years, which suggests an increase in public expenditure financed by debt instead of taxation. There is no consensus on the economic implications of borrowing to finance public expenditure. This dissertation empirically investigates the macroeconomic effects of public debt for the case of Mozambique over the period of 2000Q1-2016Q4. Vector Autoregression (VAR) model are used to assess these effects through impulse response functions and variance decomposition. We conclude that debt service variables have much more negative effects on this economy than debt variables. Debt variables over the period of this study had no significant impact on the real output and the debt service component depressed the real output, increased the general price level and accounted for depreciation on the domestic currency.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Trew, Abdias. "M. Abdiae Trew Professoris physici et mathematici in Universitate Altdorffina Dissertatio de cometis et via lactea...quaestio an et quomodo providentia divina, et inde fluens bonorum angelorum auxilium et contra malos praesidium cum influentiis astrorum non modo in pure naturalibus, sed etiam in contingentibus concurrat ?... Ad nobilissimos clarissimos praestantissimos atq[ue] doctissimos optimarum Facultatum et Artium in Universitate Altdorffina candidatos atque studiosos." Strasbourg : SCD de l'Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://imgbase-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr/displayimage.php?album=128&pos=0.
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Prudík, Jiří. "Model metropolitní optické sítě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217666.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this master’s thesis is foremost to provide a simple guide how to build elements of optical metropolitan area network. The basic model consists to sequence of construction, network topology, passive and active parts. The collection contains examples of alternative technology such as Wireless LAN with different frequency. The optical network construction based on optical cable, fibres, splices, trays, adapters, connectors and active parts for example a lot of media convertor models. After that there are demonstrating type of wavelength division multiplexer used in metropolitan area network – passive planar PCL splitter. One of the passive planar splitter are used to increase optical fibre channel. At the end of the collection a simplified examples of used measurements – optical time domain reflectometry and optical fibre transmission. Contains standard protocols or reflectogram. The conclusion of this thesis summarizes costs of FTTb (Fibre To The Building) model of optical metropolitan area network in Czech republic and future contribution for society.
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Noordhuis-Fairfax, Sarina. "Field | Guide: John Berger and the diagrammatic exploration of place." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154278.
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Positioned between writing and drawing, the diagram is proposed by John Berger as an alternative strategy for articulating encounters with landscape. A diagrammatic approach offers a schematic vocabulary that can compress time and offer a spatial reading of information. Situated within the contemporary field of direct data visualisation, my practice-led research interprets Berger’s ‘Field’ essay as a guide to producing four field | studies within a suburban park in Canberra. My seasonal investigations demonstrate how applying the conventions of the pictorial list, dot-distribution map, routing diagram and colour-wheel reveals subtle ecological and biographical narratives.
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Chen, Kuan Chou, and 陳冠州. "The Study of Exports Competition between Taiwan and Mainland China In U.S.A. and Japan—Application of Divisia Index." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72432181726713303525.
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Meagher, Dominic. "China's energy use : the changing relationship between economic growth and energy." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/11610.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The transformation of China's economy since 1978 is one of the most profound economic transformations in history. Among the most important dimensions of China's transformation is the way rapid economic growth drove energy consumption. All economic activity depends in one way or another upon energy but there is now overwhelming evidence that much of the way we use energy has undesirable externalities, including potentially destabilising effects on the earth's climate system. China is already the world's largest energy user and prospects for future economic growth and therefore energy consumption remain strong. China's energy use is therefore a critical area of analysis. The thesis addresses three core questions. Why has China's energy consumption grown so rapidly since 2002? Is China's economy peculiar in its huge and rapidly growing energy consumption or does it conform to the experience of other countries when they were at similar stages of development? What are the implications for China's energy future? Input-Output Analysis (lOA) and Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) are employed to isolate energy relationships with rural and urban household consumption, government expenditure, investment, trade and production. Data from the 2002 IO table (122 sectors) and the 2007 IO table (135 sectors), China's energy statistical yearbooks and a variety of supplementary sources are used. One key contribution of the thesis is to place analysis of energy use in the context of China's broad economic development, drawing on economic growth literature to do so. The second central contribution in contrast to existing literature is extensive interpretation of results. The results indicate China's very rapid energy use growth between 2002 and 2005 may have been a temporary effect linked to China's WTO membership. China's manufacturing export boom beginning in 2002 drove a large portion of the energy use growth, while energy-saving technological improvements declined between 2002-2005. Longer-term drivers are urbanisation, increasing household consumption, and resumption of policy- as well as market-driven energy saving technological progress. Technological progress has been most evident in traded goods sectors, especially importing sectors. A shift to petroleum rather than coal-based energy was observed. The 12th Five Year Plan calls for significantly slower energy use growth. The analysis suggests implementing changes required to meet energy-use targets will be challenging. In particular, the plan calls for a substantial reduction in investment growth and a shift in production toward services that has so far been elusive. China's energy future carries very important strategic implications. Hundreds of millions of Chinese are now aspiring to higher standards of living, inevitably requiring ever more supplies of energy. Understanding the drivers of China's energy-use growth is crucial if it is to be managed so as to ameliorate the problems associated with energy use while still ensuring the Chinese people can realize their aspirations toward a healthier, more comfortable and more fulfilling life.
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YE, JHONG-SIAN, and 葉忠憲. "Study on Hot Spring Area Division Evaluation Index." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66697056396419239109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士嘉南藥理大學
觀光事業管理系
103
There are abundant hot spring resources in Taiwan, yet some hot spring areas are more likely to cause continuous soil and water damages and affect citizens’ life and property safety due to early development of those areas, lack of complete and detailed integrated planning, inappropriate land development and as well as illegal use of land, and the illegal water taking affects nearby citizens’ daily use of water and damages the fluvial ecosystem, and the illegal construction, signboard and pipeline layout damage the natural environmental landscape. In consideration of the environmental issues under the current control regulations caused b domestic hot spring areas, the central government has published Hot Spring Act in July 2003, thus the hot spring resources will be protected and the hot spring industry will be rationally development. Hot spring sub-act [Evaluation and Administration Methods on Hot Spring Area Management Plans] stipulates that the competent authorities will confirm the hot spring area division and authorize local governments to prepare the hot spring area management plans and build the mechanism of integrated management, in order to effectively utilize the hot spring resources, guarantee the sustainable operation and development of the hot spring areas as well as promote the sightseeing and the development of rehabilitation health industry. This study firstly drafts the hot spring area division evaluation mode and index framework through discussion and summary of literatures of the hot spring industry overview, literatures related to hot spring area development, basis of hot spring area division and experts’ decision-making theory to amend the Delphi Method to confirm one of the main goals of the mode. 4 dimensions and 16 index items. [Hot spring resources] dimension is mostly recognized and the [environmentally sensitive area] dimension is followed. Comparing the 16 index items, [building of waste water recycling system] index system is most recognized. Relevant empirical results are reference for the division of other hot spring areas and the overall evaluation and amendment.
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CHEN, SHU-CHEN, and 陳淑眞. "Construction of Evaluation Index for the Administrative Division of Local Government in Taiwan: take Tainan City as an example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9778x9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺南大學
行政管理學系碩士在職專班
107
Based on the consideration of political concept, Taiwan and other governments have re-deployed administrative areas. The scholars have their own opinions that determine the adjustment of the administrative division. The actual cases are also diverse between countries and regions. On December 25, 2010, “five municipality” inclusive of Tainan City was formed. However administrative districts in Tainan still maintain the number of the 37 added up from the original counties and cities, facing urban-rural gaps, industrial differences, and the uneven distribution of population. It has attracted attention for the local government. In view of the re-adjustment of administrative divisions, involving changes in people's lives and redistribution of resources, if scientific research methods are used to establish cautiously the priority order of considering factors, it is possible to have the more appropriate re-adjustment plan in line with local requirements. This study takes Tainan City as an example, and uses objective research methods to seek to construct an objective evaluation index for the issue, not only providing an early assessment reference for the Tainan Government's policy regarding re-adjustment of administrative divisions but the research model also provides reference for the other local governments in Taiwan to construct the assessment indicators . This study concludes the structure system of the evaluation index through the literature analysis method and the Moddified Delphi Method. Based on the two-stage Delphi expert questionnaire survey, the consistency of 16 indicators of the six major facets and 10 items ,and the order of indicators importance are obtained. Accordingly, construct the assessment standards of indicators, and as a result, a total of 47 preliminary assessment standards were proposed, and the Tainan City administrative divisions adjustment evaluation index system were established. For follow-up research questions, this study suggests that relevant government agencies or academic researchers should continue to check the appropriateness of the appraisal index system constructed by this study including the weight distribution and ranking. After selecting the best solution for the 2-3 case, through the deliberative democracy or referendum, the local residents can select the administrative district that mostly meets the local needs and urban development.
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Ghassemi, Abolfazl. "IFFT-based techniques for peak power reduction in OFDM communication systems." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2554.
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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier transmission technique which provides efficient bandwidth utilization and robustness against time dis¬persive channels. A major problem in the RF portion of a multicarrier transmitter is Gaussian-like time-domain signals with relatively high peak-to-average power ratios (PA¬PRs). These peaks can lead to saturation in the power amplifier (PA) which in turn distorts the signal and reduces the PA efficiency. To address this problem, numerous techniques have appeared in the literature based on signal and/or data modification.
In the class of distortionless techniques, partial transmit sequences (PTS), selective mapping (SLM), and tone reservation (TR) have received a great deal of attention as they are proven techniques that achieve significant PAPR reduction. However, high compu¬tational complexity is a problem in practical systems. In PTS and SLM, this complexity arises from the computation of multiple inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs), resulting in a complexity proportional to the number of PTS subblocks or SLM sequences. TR has also a high computational complexity related to the computation of the IFFT as it must search for the optimal subsets of reserved subcarriers and generate the peak reduction signal. In addition, most research in the direction of analyzing and improving the above techniques has employed direct computation of the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), which is not practical for implementation.
This thesis focuses on the development and performance analysis of the major distortionless techniques in conjunction with the common IFFT algorithms to reduce the peak-to-power average (PAPR) of the original OFDM signal at the transmitter side. The structure of the IFFT common algorithms is used to propose a class of IFFT-based PAPR reduction techniques to reduce the computational complexity and improve PAPR performance.
For IFFT based PTS, two techniques are proposed. A low complexity scheme based on decimation in frequency (DIF) and high radix IFFT algorithm is proposed. Then, a new PTS subblocking technique is proposed to improve PAPR performance. The periodic auto-correlation function (ACF) of time-domain IFFT-based PTS subblocks is derived. To improve the PAPR, we use error-correcting codes (ECCs) in the subblocking. Our approach significantly decreases the computational complexity while providing comparable PAPR reduction to ordinary PTS (O-PTS).
With IFFT-based SLM, a technique for reducing computational complexity is proposed. This technique is based on multiplying the phase sequences with a subset of the inputs to identical inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFTs). These subsets generate the partial SLM sequences using repetition codes. It is also shown how the partial time-domain sub-sets can be combined to generate new SLM sequences. These sequences do not requires any IFFT operations. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing techniques while pro¬viding comparable PAPR reduction to original SLM (O-SLM).
Finally, a gradient-based algorithm is proposed for IFFT-based TR. Unlike previous work, non-static channels are considered where the peak reduction tones (PRTs) locations and consequently the peak reduction kernels should be adjusted dynamically for best per¬formance. Two low complexity algorithms with different degrees of computational com¬plexity and PAPR performance are proposed. To generate the peak reduction kernels, the transform matrices of identical IFFTs are used. This provides low complexity solutions to determining the PRTs and computing the peak reduction kernels.
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Martins, Mário José Teresa de Sousa. "Disclosure index and the cost of debt on Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain: An exploratory research regarding IFRS 7 disclosures, cost of debt and its impact on 2011 and 2012." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/10291.
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Jel Classification: M40; M41In such an unstable environment highlighted by financial crisis such as the current sovereign debt crisis, the disclosed information by stock listed companies can have an important weight with its investors and other interested groups. The disclosed information, more than ever, is an important way to ease the mistrust of some suspicious stakeholders. The enforced disclosure of financial information and statements by stock listed companies compels them to give transparent, credible and comparable financial information, this way stakeholders are able to make the best informed decision possible. The objective of this study is to find if the quality of information regarding IFRS 7 has an impact on the perceived risk of the company and consequentially they affect the interest expenses of a company. Findings show that there is evidence that the market is affected by the quality of disclosure of information regarding the IFRS 7 and that it can impact, in a significant way, the cost of debt of a company.
Em um momento tão instável destacado pela crise financeira atual da dívida soberana, as informações divulgadas pelas empresas cotadas pode ter um peso importante nos seus investidores e outras partes interessadas. A informação divulgada, mais do que nunca, é uma forma importante para aliviar a desconfiança que alguns acionistas têm. A divulgação obrigatória de informações financeiras por parte das empresas cotadas em bolsa obriga que estas forneçam informação financeira transparente, credível e comparável, para que as partes interessadas sejam capazes de tomar a decisão a mais informada possível. O objetivo deste estudo é descobrir se a qualidade da informação da IFRS 7 tem um impacto sobre a perceção de risco da empresa e, consequentemente, se esta informação afeta os juros das empresas. Os resultados mostram que o mercado é sensível perante a qualidade da informação financeira divulgada relativamente à IFRS 7 e que esta impacta, de forma significativa, o custo da dívida de uma empresa.
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Peng, Shih-Ting, and 彭詩婷. "The Competitional Change of the Exportation of Cross-Strait Products to the Markets of United States and Japan: an Analysis of the Index of the Division of Labor, Market Share, and Market Dependency." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36939013491934263056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
95
In the process of economic globalization nowadays, many investments and trade bussinesses are unceasingly on the wave of dynamic adjustment. Therefore, in this wave, what we can see is a the transformation of Taiwan from the dependency on the exportation of American market to the dependency on the exportation of the China market, that is to say the phenomenon of importing from Japan-producing in Taiwan-exporting to the United States in the past has already changed to the phenomenon of importing from Japan- receiving order in Taiwan-producing in mainland China-exporting to the United States—a kind of reconstituion of producing line. This kind of phenomenon not only have a close connection with the investments of Taiwanese bussinessmen in the mainland China, hence improving the upgrading of the industry and the economic developmet, but also caused the the increase of the overlapping phenomenon of Taiwan and mainland’s products in the United States and Japanese markets, lead to the drastic competition of cross-strait products. This thesis will analyze the competitonal change of cross-strait products in the markets of Japan and United States according to their competitive index, market share, and market dependency. In addition, it will apply the statistical analysis of the Kendall coefficient of concordance to survey the unity of the results among indexes. In this survey, we discover not only in the market of the United States, but also in Japanese market, Taiwanese products are replaced and edged out by the products of mainland China. Noteworthily, due to the decrease of the investment of Taiwanese bussinessmen in China, the increase of the scale and the area of investment, and the transformation of the structure of the investment(from traditional industry to the electronic industry), what we can discover is the increase of the percentage of the electronical and mechanical products in the main products China exported to Japan and the United States as well as the growth of the overlapping phenomenon of mainland and Taiwanese products in the markets of Japan and the United States; and this kind of overlapping products will be the key to determine the competitiveness of cross-strait products in the world. In the market of Japan and the United States, we can see the competitiveness of some components and products of electrical and mechanical apparatuses are already catched up by the overlapping products of mainland China, our government and enterprises should beware of this important issue.
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Bahng, Seungjae. "Analytical performance evaluation of multiuser detection and precoding." Thesis, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=982797511&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1235777453&clientId=23440.
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Eskov, Alexey. "Spatial Patterns and Irregularities of the electoral data: general elections in Canada." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.Democratic elections are one of the most important social phenomena of the last centuries. Countries which publish elections results on the polling station level provide a valuable source of data for different groups of scientists like geographers and statisticians. In this work, we combined geographical and statistical analysis, pursuing a goal of defining the spatial patterns and irregularities of the electoral data. From theoretical point of view, it will help to find out if the electoral behavior has any spatial dependency. From practical perspective, it can give a new insight about the electoral fraud detection. We have applied a set of statistical methods to estimate the distribution and variability of the electoral behavior in space and time for different geographic units. Canada was selected as a study area because it is an old democracy where the elections are considered being fair, and all the necessary data are available.
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Liu, Jianhan. "Multiple coding and space-time multi-user detection in multiple antenna systems." 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=913525751&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1236907271&clientId=23440.
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Bernard, Dany. "Une saison de hockey à la division Bantam : analyse des valeurs et comportements des joueurs et des entraîneurs et de la sous-culture dominante /." 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765993621&SrchMode=1&sid=12&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1151518291&clientId=9268.
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