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1
Bolshev, V. E., A. V. Vinogradov, A. V. Vinogradova, A. V. Bukreev, and S. R. Khasanov. "Study of statistical data on the composition of electric distribution networks on the example of a Kaluga region district." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable operation of the power grid complex is impossible without reliable and high-quality operation of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks, which are the final link in the system for providing consumers with electric energy and are in direct interaction with a specific consumer. The study of statistical information on the composition of distribution networks makes it possible to draw conclusions about electrical network state, to implement recommendations for their development and to compare distribution electrical networks in different regions. This information is especially relevant for analyzing the reliability of power supply to consumers connected to the considered electrical distribution networks. Such indicators of network structure as the length of electric transmission lines of different voltages and power transmission schemes are studied. It also analyzes the number of damages in networks, the causes of these damages, data on the time of planned and emergency outages. This paper considers the structure of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks located on the territory of one of the districts of the Kaluga region. The sample for distribution networks was: 1190 overhead transmission lines and 536 transformer substations. Consumers in the district are 21671 subscribers of individuals and 1986 subscribers of legal entities, that is, a total of 23657 metering points. On the lines of 0.4 kV and 10 kV, the percentage of their isolated design was revealed. The share of single-transformer and two-transformer versions of transformer substations is analyzed.
2
Estakhr, Javad, Mohsen Simab, and Taher Niknam. "Security Analysis of Hybrid Multi-Carrier Energy Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multi-carrier energy systems (MCESs) provide collaboration between various kinds of energy carriers to supply the electricity, heating, and cooling demands. With the widespread use of MCESs in recent years, the security assessment of energy systems has attracted the attention of many contemporary researchers. However, the complexity of an MCES, including electrical, natural gas, and district heating networks, and different uncertainties imposes vast challenges to keep a safe operation energy supply. In this paper, a systematic methodology for the security analysis of MCESs is presented. For this purpose, considering electrical, natural gas, and district heating networks, an integrated model of energy systems is introduced. The security analysis of this framework is evaluated using some indices. In this approach, two well-known performance indices, including power performance index (PIP) and voltage performance index (PIV), are used to analyze the electrical networks’ security. Besides, the concept of Energy not supplied (ENS) is used for natural gas and district heating networks. In this regard, security analysis of a typical MCES including the IEEE 14-bus electrical network, the IEEE 30-bus electrical network, 20-node Belgian natural gas network, and 14-node district heating network is examined. The applicability of the proposed technique will be proven using comprehensive simulation analysis.
3
Gonzalez-Castellanos, Alvaro, Priyanko Guha Thakurta, and Aldo Bischi. "Congestion management via increasing integration of electric and thermal energy infrastructures." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123805005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Congestion caused in the electrical network due to renewable generation can be effectively managed by integrating electric and thermal infrastructures, the latter being represented by large scale District Heating (DH) networks, often fed by large combined heat and power (CHP) plants. The CHP plants could further improve the profit margin of district heating multi-utilities by selling electricity in the power market by adjusting the ratio between generated heat and power. The latter is possible only for certain CHP plants, which allow decoupling the two commodities generation, namely the ones provided by two independent variables (degrees-of-freedom) or by integrating them with thermal energy storage and Power-to-Heat (P2H) units. CHP units can, therefore, help in the congestion management of the electricity network. A detailed mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model is introduced for solving the network-constrained unit commitment of integrated electric and thermal infrastructures. The developed model contains a detailed characterization of the useful effects of CHP units, i.e., heat and power, as a function of one and two independent variables. A lossless DC flow approximation models the electricity transmission network. The district heating model includes the use of gas boilers, electric boilers, and thermal energy storage. The conducted studies on IEEE 24 bus system highlight the importance of a comprehensive analysis of multi-energy systems to harness the flexibility derived from the joint operation of electric and heat sectors and managing congestion in the electrical network.
4
Soltero, Víctor, Ricardo Chacartegui, Carlos Ortiz, and Gonzalo Quirosa. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2018): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biomass heating networks provide renewable heat using low carbon energy sources. They can be powerful tools for economy decarbonization. Heating networks can increase heating efficiency in districts and small size municipalities, using more efficient thermal generation technologies, with higher efficiencies and with more efficient emissions abatement technologies. This paper analyzes the application of a biomass fourth generation district heating, 4GDH (4th Generation Biomass District Heating), in a rural municipality. The heating network is designed to supply 77 residential buildings and eight public buildings, to replace the current individual diesel boilers and electrical heating systems. The development of the new fourth district heating generation implies the challenge of combining using low or very low temperatures in the distribution network pipes and delivery temperatures in existing facilities buildings. In this work biomass district heating designs based on third and fourth generation district heating network criteria are evaluated in terms of design conditions, operating ranges, effect of variable temperature operation, energy efficiency and investment and operating costs. The Internal Rate of Return of the different options ranges from 6.55% for a design based on the third generation network to 7.46% for a design based on the fourth generation network, with a 25 years investment horizon. The results and analyses of this work show the interest and challenges for the next low temperature DH generation for the rural area under analysis.
5
Loose, Nils, Christian Thommessen, Jan Mehlich, Christian Derksen, and Stefan Eicker. "Unified Energy Agents for Combined District Heating and Electrical Network Simulation." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 9301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A sustainable and climate-friendly energy supply needs flexible and efficient distribution systems. Key factors to implement this kind of systems are intelligent coordination (smart grid approaches) and the integration of different energy sectors. This article introduces the unified energy agent as an agent-based approach for a comprehensive modelling and control of energy conversion systems. This approach enables both the simulation and optimization of coupled energy networks, and then in a next step, the development of corresponding smart grid solutions to be applied in the field. Its applicability for the simulation of coupled networks is presented by a real-world use-case of an innovative combined heat and electrical network, which was implemented for the city of Lemgo, Germany. Preliminary results from the project are discussed and an outlook on future work is given.
6
Eremin, Anton, Konstantin Trubitsyn, Sergey Kolesnikov, Igor Kudinov, and Vasily Tkachev. "Computer models of hydraulic systems of district heating." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819302028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A mathematical and computer model of a district heating network fed by two heat sources located at significantly different elevation marks has been developed. The model is based on the electrohydraulic analogy of electric current spread in conductors and liquid pressure spread in pipelines, which are described by the same equations. In particular, the first and second Kirchhoff’s laws used in the calculation of electrical networks are applied to calculate the velocities and pressures in a complex multi-ring pipeline system. In order to maximize the approximation of the computer model to the real hydraulic network (in resistance to the process of heating agent flow), the method of automatic identification of the model is applied. This method is an iterative process of changing the hydraulic resistances in pipelines of the model in such a way that the results obtained from the calculations would have the least differences from the experimental data. The accuracy of identification depending on the number of points with known experimental data is 3 – 5%.
7
Khomutov, Stanislav O., and Nikolay A. Serebryakov. "Creation of a short-term load forecasting neural network model of electrical engineering complex of section regional electric grid 6-35 kV." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20206180-91.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim: Is developing of short-term load forecasting math model of the electrical engineering complex of the district regional electric grid 6-35 kV with the use of artificial neural networks.
Methods: The tools of regression analysis and deep machine learning were used in the work.
Results: The neural network model for short-term load forecasting of the electrical engineering complex of section regional electric grid 6-35 kV, which considered factors of time, meteorological conditions, disconnections of individual power transmission lines, the operation mode of electricity consumers with a capacity of over 670 kW, the fact of the availability of central heating and water supply, has been obtained.
Conclusion: The developed neural network math model reduces the problem of short-term load forecasting to the search of matrix free coefficients through training on the available statistical data.
8
Masaev, S. Kh, U. Kh Makaev, and M. V. Debiev. "The basic stages of improving the power grid complex functioning of the Chechen Republic." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-4-43-53.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the state of the electric power industry functioning of the Chechen Republic. Comparative data on the reception in the network and useful electricity supply of the Chechen Republic in recent years are presented. The total transformer capacity structure of all substations, as well as the power lines total length of Chechenenergo JSC, is considered. The main electric power industry problems of the Chechen power system, which are the lack of own generating capacities, the transformer capacities shortage of substations 110 and 35 kV and the main production assets high level wear of the electric grid economy, are studied. The tasks to reduce the Chechen energy system electric energy losses are considered. The values and causes of the electric energy losses in different district electric networks (RES) of JSC "Chechenenergo" are determined. A comparative analysis of the electrical energy losses in recent years has been performed. Issues related to reactive power in electrical networks are considered. An analysis was carried out to determine the reactive power values in different district electric networks of Chechenenergo JSC. Measures are proposed that contribute to the reactive power normalization and the improvement of technical and economic indicators in electric networks. The networks electrical circuits improvement analysis was carried out to ensure the power supply stability and reliability to consumers in the republic. The production process control system and diagnostics is proposed, which will allow to regulate and coordinate the activities to manage the technical condition, as well as the power system reliability.
9
Rušeljuk, Pavel, Kertu Lepiksaar, Andres Siirde, and Anna Volkova. "Economic Dispatch of CHP Units through District Heating Network’s Demand-Side Management." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Optimisation of heat and electrical load distribution, where the objective function is the maximum efficiency of the CHP unit for a given load range, can be done considering the limitations of electrical power and the heat load. Simulating a real CHP unit with a district heating network shows that demand-side management can improve the overall economic efficiency of the CHP plant and increase the unit’s operating range in the electricity spot market. Economic dispatch makes it possible to determine a reasonable additional increase in the electric power of the CHP unit, and to optimise the supply temperature and mass flow of the district heating network. The results obtained and the analysis performed indicate that the proposed methodology provides logical results and can be used to calculate the efficiency indicators of the cogeneration of electrical and thermal energy. The problem of optimising the operating mode of the CHP unit was solved, which allows us to determine the optimal additional increase in the unit’s electrical load at a given heat load of consumers, which on average increases the CHP unit’s efficiency up to an additional 1.5%.
10
Onohaebi, S. O., and S. T. Apeh. "Electricity Network Planning: The Key to Efficient and Reliable Power Supply to Consumers." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper focuses on the need and procedure for the planning of electrical engineering infrastructure for any district/community in order to enhance reliability and efficiency of power supply to consumers. Almost all the towns/cities in Nigeria are unplanned and this has resulted in haphazard approach to Electricity Network Planning and implementation. A detailed theory, methodology and technical considerations, in compliance with both National and International standards are discussed in this paper. A proposed University campus was used to demonstrate the procedures involved in electricity network planning in order to achieve an efficient power supply. This involves the electric power supply, design concepts, load estimates and analysis, network distribution/equipment and sizing of cables and electrical panels taking into account the various modes of distribution. This paper also drew a simple analogy between Benin City and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, to illustrate the objective of the paper while highlighting the merits associated with planned electrical engineering infrastructure and suggested the ways to remedy the unplanned networks in Nigeria.
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Tolmachev, Alexander V., Evgeny V. Sinitsyn, and Dmitrii A. Brusyanin. "Transport system modelling based on analogies between road networks and electrical circuits." R-Economy 1, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2019.5.2.010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article describes a probabilistic mathematical model which can be used to analyse traffic flows in a road network. This model allows us to calculate the probability of distribution of vehicles in a regional road network or an urban street network. In the model, the movement of cars is treated as a Markov process. This makes it possible to formulate an equation determining the probability of finding cars at key points of the road network such as street intersections, parking lots or other places where cars concentrate. For a regional road network, we can use cities as such key points. This model enables us, for instance, to use the analogues of Kirchhoff First Law (Ohm's Law) for calculation of traffic flows. This calculation is based on the similarity of a real road network and resistance in an electrical circuit. The traffic flow is an analogue of the electric current, the resistance of the section between the control points is the time required to move from one key point to another, and the voltage is the difference in the number of cars at these points. In this case, well-known methods for calculating complex electrical circuits can be used to calculate traffic flows in a real road network. The proposed model was used to calculate the critical load for a road network and compare road networks in various regions of the Ural Federal District.
12
Adihou, Yolaine, Malick Kane, Julien Ramousse, and Bernard Souyri. "Temperature level optimization for low-grade thermal networks using the exergy method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Low-temperature thermal networks open the field for additional renewable and recovered energy sources to be used. The exploitation of low exergy level resources requires decentralized heat pumps having a significant impact on the network's overall electricity consumption. Thus, a compromise must be found in order to minimize thermal and electrical consumption while integrating a maximum of renewable energy sources. This optimum is governed by the temperature level of the network. This paper aims at determining the optimal network temperature using the exergy criterion. The exergy method is detailed and applied to the multi-source network blueCAD (Fribourg) fed by geothermal energy, and FriCAD, a high temperature district heating network. The optimum temperature decreases as the share of geothermal energy in the production increases. For blueCAD, it ranges from 40 to 55 °C.
13
Dicki, Dimas Aditia, and Winarso Winarso. "Prakiraan Beban Puncak Pada Transformator GITET 150 kV Kesugihan Cilacap Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Multilayer Feedforward Dengan Algoritma Backpropagation." Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 1 (October 31, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v1i.127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing population and the growth of the industrial world, offices, hotels, and modern markets must be directly proportional to Indonesia's availability of electrical energy. The availability of sufficient electrical energy can affect the quality of life of the people and foster investor confidence in our country. Studies on the prediction (estimation) of peak electrical loads in electricity in Indonesia can be carried out using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. The estimation of electricity load for the next 5 years is strongly influenced by several parameters, including population growth and peak load data of 150 kV GITET, Kesugihan Cilacap. This study took population data and peak load data at GITET 150 KV Kesugihan Cilacap in the past 5 years. The data used in this study were actual data, starting from 2015 to 2019. To display the results of the estimated electrical load on the 150 kV GITET transformer, the authors used the artificial neural network method. The peak electrical loads estimation results using artificial neural networks for electricity loads in the next 5 years, to wit from 2020 - 2024. The estimated peak load in Lomanis District is20.0311 MW, 24.443 MW, 19.9707 MW, 19.9705 MW and 19, 9705 MW. In Gombong District, the estimated peak load is 57,398 MW, 57,472 MW, 57,476 MW, 57,474 MW, and 57,479 MW.
14
Balzamov, D. S., V. V. Bronskaya, A. A. Lubnina, Ch B. Minnegalieva, L. E. Khairullina, G. Z. Khabibullina, T. V. Ignashina, and O. S. Kharitonova. "Improving the reliability of the energy supply to the district boiler house." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 052033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Currently, measures are being worked out at generation facilities, in particular at district boiler houses, the implementation of which will increase the reliability of both individual elements of the system and the entire energy supply system as a whole, improve its technical and economic indicators, and achieve the target financial indices of the enterprise. As one of such measures, the article considers the ways of organizing a mini-TPP (thermal power plant) on the example of a large district boiler house for the purpose of energy supply for their own needs. This solution will increase the energy independence of the boiler house from the external network, reduce the cost of electricity consumption. The paper presents the results of a technical and economic analysis of options for organizing own generation, taking into account the actual operating conditions of the boiler house, linking the mini-TPP to the existing communications of boiler house, the impact of the joint operation of the mini-TPP and the boiler house on the sanitary zone. Based on the analysis of the loading graphs of the electric equipment of the boiler house, the required capacity of the gas engine generator plant and the place of its installation on the production site are determined. The operation of the gas engine generator plant involves the production of electric energy only for its own needs without issuing it to an external electrical network, in connection with which an automation system is provided that does not allow electricity to be issued to an external network. This restriction is related to the requirements of the technical specifications of the electric grid company.
15
Khan, Ahmad, Zeeshan Rashid, Farhana Umer, Abdur Rehman Yousaf, and Arif Saeed. "Economic Dispatch with Transmission Losses in a Distributed Generation Network of Bahawalpur." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2021-0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In an electrical power system, the ultimate aim is to generate and deliver electrical energy to consumer side with minimum cost involved. Thus, least fuel cost, effective unit commitment and minimum transmission losses are desirous to achieve economic dispatch in a distributed generation network. In this research, economic dispatch considering transmission losses in a distributed generation network of Bahawalpur is reported. A MATLAB algorithm is designed which gives optimum division of power between two power plants and their transmission losses. Power plants considered here are thermal power plant Muzafargarh and Kot Addu Power Company (KAPCO), the former being located at smaller distance from Bahawalpur district. Finally, load trend of Bahawalpur district, optimum generation verses power demand, associated transmission losses, penalty factor and fuel cost economy are shown in the Results Section through graphs and tables. It is concluded that thermal power plant shares higher contribution of load power due to smaller distance from load and, thus, smaller transmission losses ensuring minimum cost operation.
16
Seyyed Mahdavi Chabok, Seyyed Javad, and Seyed Amin Alavi. "Reducing the number of passing links in the 2D-NoC for performance and reliability improvement." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 5 (August 4, 2020): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-09-2019-0284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The routing algorithm is one of the most important components in designing a network-on-chip (NoC). An effective routing algorithm can cause better performance and throughput, and thus, have less latency, lower power consumption and high reliability. Considering the high scalability in networks and fault occurrence on links, the more the packet reaches the destination (i.e. to cross the number of fewer links), the less the loss of packets and information would be. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm is based on reducing the number of passed links to reach the destination. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a high-performance NoC that increases telecommunication network reliability by passing fewer links to destination. A large NoC is divided into small districts with central routers. In such a system, routing in large routes is performed through these central routers district by district. Findings By reducing the number of links, the number of routers also decreases. As a result, the power consumption is reduced, the performance of the NoC is improved, and the probability of collision with a faulty link and network latency is decreased. Originality/value The simulation is performed using the Noxim simulator because of its ability to manage and inject faults. The proposed algorithm, XY routing, as a conventional algorithm for the NoC, was simulated in a 14 × 14 network size, as the typical network size in the recent works.
17
Zeng, Rui, Gaofeng Yang, Duyang Xie, Yi Zeng, Tianwen Zheng, Chengyun Zhang, and Lei Pan. "Multi-objective optimal planning of urban virtual power plant based on electrical distance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2087, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2087/1/012069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Currently, virtual power plants (VPP) in urban areas face problems such as over-dispersion of distributed power sources, insufficient source-load coordination. Traditional VPP planning method increases the difficulty in the operation and the dispatch of VPP. Therefore, this paper proposes a planning method for urban VPP that fully considers the coupling characteristics between the buses. From the distribution network to district to bus, a multi-objective bilevel optimization planning model for urban VPP is established. The upper-level planning model aims at minimizing the annual comprehensive cost, and derive the overall capacity of wind power turbine (WT), photovoltaic(PV), and energy storage system (ESS) of VPP in each district. The lower-level planning model aims at minimizing the network loss, and realizes the site selection and capacity allocation in each selected site. The case study based on the IEEE-33 standard system was carried out to verify the advancement and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Roland, Marius, and Martin Schmidt. "Mixed-integer nonlinear optimization for district heating network expansion." at - Automatisierungstechnik 68, no. 12 (November 18, 2020): 985–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2020-0063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe present a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization model for computing the optimal expansion of an existing tree-shaped district heating network given a number of potential new consumers. To this end, we state a stationary and nonlinear model of all hydraulic and thermal effects in the pipeline network as well as nonlinear models for consumers and the network’s depot. For the former, we consider the Euler momentum and the thermal energy equation. The thermal aspects are especially challenging. Here, we develop a novel polynomial approximation that we use in the optimization model. The expansion decisions are modeled by binary variables for which we derive additional valid inequalities that greatly help to solve the highly challenging problem. Finally, we present a case study in which we identify three major aspects that strongly influence investment decisions: the estimated average power demand of potentially new consumers, the distance between the existing network and the new consumers, and thermal losses in the network.
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Li, Valerij, and Yuliya Konstantinova. "Simulation modeling balancing current in the traction network of a substation group." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article is devoted to assessing the transit of electricity from an external electrical power supply system through the traction network of a railway district that includes nine traction substations. Substation transformers has star-delta-11 connection. The paper presents a simulation model of the railway district implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink software package. Various options of loading the external power supply system are modeled including into account the symmetrical load of the external network and the single-phase load of traction substations. The values of the voltage difference on the traction windings of power transformers of adjacent substations that occurs at different loads, the balancing currents that this difference creates and real power losses in the inter-substation areas are calculated.
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Zapanov, Oleg V., and Lidiia I. Kovernikova. "On the power quality of electrical energy supplied to joint stock company “Aleksandrovsky mine”." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 07012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020907012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Joint Stock Company (JSC) “Mine Aleksandrovsky” is located in the Mogochinsky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory. “Mine Aleksandrovsky” concluded an energy supply agreement with JSC “Chitaenergosbyt” for the purchase of electric energy from it. In accordance with the contract, the electric energy supplier undertakes to supply electric energy that meets the requirements of the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The power quality in the Trans-Baikal Territory in most regions does not meet the requirements of State Standard 32144-2013. Suppliers and the network organization are responsible to consumers for the reliability of its electric energy supply and its quality within the boundaries of their electric networks. Despite the obligations of the contract, the electric energy supplied to “Mine Alexandrovsky” does not meet the requirements. In 2017 the ball mill engine in the shredding department of the gold recovery factory failed as a result of power outages and the supply of low power quality through the 6 kV line. The article provides information on interruptions in power supply over the years of operation of the enterprise, the results of analysis of the power quality, information on damage to electrical equipment caused by low power quality, and economic damage.
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Tomin, Nikita, Victor Kurbatsky, Vadim Borisov, and Sergey Musalev. "Development of Digital Twin for Load Center on the Example of Distribution Network of an Urban District." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020902029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper proposes a concept of building a digital twin based on the reinforcement learning method. This concept allows implementing an accurate digital model of an electrical network with bidirectional automatic data exchange, used for modeling, optimization, and control. The core of such a model is an agent (potential digital twin). The agent, while constantly interacting with a physical object (electrical grid), searches for an optimal strategy for active network management, which involves short-term strategies capable of controlling the power supplied by generators and/ or consumed by the load to avoid overload or voltage problems. Such an agent can verify its training with the initial default policy, which can be considered as a teacher’s advice. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated on a test 77-node scheme and a real 17-node network diagram of the Akademgorodok microdistrict (Irkutsk) according to the data from smart electricity meters.
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Brennenstuhl, Marcus, Robin Zeh, Robert Otto, Ruben Pesch, Volker Stockinger, and Dirk Pietruschka. "Report on a Plus-Energy District with Low-Temperature DHC Network, Novel Agrothermal Heat Source, and Applied Demand Response." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 23, 2019): 5059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
District heating and cooling networks can pose the possibility of including a variety of renewable energy sources as well as waste heat into a district’s heat supply concept. Unfortunately, low demand densities as they increasingly occur through higher building energy standards and in rural areas render conventional heating and cooling networks inefficient. At the same time, power-to-heat is becoming more and more important to make use of a larger amount of renewable energy sources on the electrical side by providing more flexibility by means of demand response and demand-side management. Within this work, a rural Plus-Energy settlement is presented addressing those topics by a low-temperature district heating and cooling network connected to a novel agrothermal collector supplying 23 residential buildings with decentralized heat pumps and PV systems. The collector, the network, and six of the buildings are equipped with comprehensive monitoring equipment. Within those buildings, forecast and optimization algorithms are implemented to adapt their heat pump operation to enable an increase of self-consumption, to include flexible electricity tariffs, and also to participate in power markets. Thereby, for the low-temperature district heating and cooling network, it has been shown that the concept can operate in the future at competitive heat costs. On the building level, up to 50% of cost savings could be achieved under ideal conditions with the optimization of the self-consumption of PV electricity. However, to ensure optimal results, the individual system components have to be dimensioned for this task.
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Turski, Michał, and Robert Sekret. "Buildings and a district heating network as thermal energy storages in the district heating system." Energy and Buildings 179 (November 2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.09.015.
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Polkovskaya, M. N., and M. A. Yakupova. "Analysis of the Causes of Emergency Shutdowns on Electric Networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012130.
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Abstract The paper analyses the causes of emergency outages on electric networks according to the data of the Pravoberezhny district of Irkutsk for 2008-2017, according to which 82% of failures of elements of the electric network are caused by breakdowns and equipment failure; 9% are due to the influence of external factors; 5% occurred due to natural and climatic reasons, 4% – due to other circumstances. The largest number of outages due to operational reasons occurs due to damage to cable and overhead lines. Accidents caused by the influence of external factors are mainly associated with the negative impact of people, animals and birds. Equipment failures related to natural and climatic factors are mainly due to wind or thunderstorms. Other circumstances, as a rule, include staff errors and unidentified reasons. Calculations of undersupply of electricity and economic losses caused by interruptions in power supply were made. It should be noted that in order to reduce the number of equipment failures, it is necessary to carry out timely maintenance and reconstruction of various elements of electrical networks.
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Natkaniec, Piotr, and Piotr Dzierwa. "Determining the possibility of placing turbine systems for hydraulic regulation and production of electrical energy in the District Heating Network in Krakow." E3S Web of Conferences 323 (2021): 00026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132300026.
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This article presents the methods of specifying the potentiality of energy recovery in the turbine installations projected to hydraulic regulation of the heating medium in the Krakow District Heating System. To achieve this, creating hydraulic calculations enabling to indicate the best places to install turbines in District Heating System is necessary. For this reason, a great amount of work - like choosing a methodology and optimal calculation program, creating an actual database for calculations - has to be done. Hydraulic calculations will also help to determine optimal parameters of future instalments, select the most suitable devices necessary for the proper working of turbine installations and create the future impact assessment to District Heating System.
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Pei, Yingying, Xia Zhu, Guohong Li, Yongtao Jin, Yuyan Liu, Yuanping Liu, Gang Liu, and Jiangxia Fan. "Complex Traffic Network Analysis Method Based on a Multiscale Aggregation Model." Journal of Sensors 2022 (March 25, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7311117.
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Identifying the aggregation characteristics of the geospatial network is an important aspect of analyzing highway traffic networks. Based on the complex network theory, this paper studies the block aggregation characteristics of the highway traffic network and proposes an Improved PageRank Spectral Clustering (IPSC) Algorithm to divide the functional blocks of highway traffic networks. Firstly, the theoretical model of a highway traffic network is constructed by adding location attribute weight, geographical distance weight, road grade weight, and dynamic traffic congestion weight. Secondly, the improved PageRank algorithm is used to get the ranking of key nodes of the highway traffic network. The clustering center and the number of clusters are determined by the ranking of key nodes and the shortest path distance. Then the improved spectral clustering algorithm is used to divide the functional blocks of the highway transportation network and identify the special common blocks of the highway transportation network. Finally, the IPSC Algorithm is used to analyze the aggregation mode of complex traffic networks at city and district scales. Crossing the limit of administrative division, the division results of special common blocks of highway transportation networks are obtained. Maintaining the connectivity between blocks can improve the overall efficiency of highway transportation networks.
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Yamada, Masaru, Tosio Nagai, Yasuo Sonoi, Masaru Ishii, and Jun-Ichi Hojo. "Results of Lightning Observation in Kinki District by Direction Finder Network." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 111, no. 1 (1991): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.111.1_24.
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Manno, Andrea, Emanuele Martelli, and Edoardo Amaldi. "A Shallow Neural Network Approach for the Short-Term Forecast of Hourly Energy Consumption." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030958.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The forecasts of electricity and heating demands are key inputs for the efficient design and operation of energy systems serving urban districts, buildings, and households. Their accuracy may have a considerable effect on the selection of the optimization approach and on the solution quality. In this work, we describe a supervised learning approach based on shallow Artificial Neural Networks to develop an accurate model for predicting the daily hourly energy consumption of an energy district 24 h ahead. Predictive models are generated for each one of the two considered energy types, namely electricity and heating. Single-layer feedforward neural networks are trained with the efficient and robust decomposition algorithm DEC proposed by Grippo et al. on a data set of historical data, including, among others, carefully selected information related to the hourly energy consumption of the energy district and the hourly weather data of the region where the district is located. Three different case studies are analyzed: a medium-size hospital located in the Emilia-Romagna Italian region, the whole Politecnico di Milano University campus, and a single building of a department belonging to the latter. The computational results indicate that the proposed method with enriched data inputs compares favorably with the benchmark forecasting and Machine Learning techniques, namely, ARIMA, Support Vector Regression and long short-term memory networks.
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Wang, Danhong, Jan Carmeliet, and Kristina Orehounig. "Design and Assessment of District Heating Systems with Solar Thermal Prosumers and Thermal Storage." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, a holistic energy, economic and environmental assessment was performed on a prosumer-based district heating system, including scenarios with varying district size, retrofitting stages and system configurations. A modeling framework was built which comprises a thermal network design and simulation model; a building energy demand model for districts; and supply and storage technology models that allow assessing system solar fraction, equivalent annual cost and greenhouse gas emissions of district heating systems (DHS). Furthermore, the approach allows comparing the performance of a DHS with individual heating systems (IHS) for the district with the same set of technology options (rooftop-mounted solar thermal collectors, gas boilers and thermal storage tanks). The framework was applied to a Swiss case study. The results of the case study show that DHS often outperform IHS; however, parameters such as the district size, the retrofitting stage of buildings and the system configuration have impacts on the performance of the DHS. The most important parameter lies in the adequate selection of the storage volume over solar collector area ratio, which indicates that DHS solutions are only advantageous if they are properly sized. Smaller districts and districts with retrofitted buildings especially benefit from DHS solutions in terms of energy, economic and environmental performance. Maximum solar fractions of 50% (non-retrofitted case) and 63% (retrofitted case) were reached with the DHS solutions.
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Gronier, Timothé, Jaume Fitó, Erwin Franquet, Stéphane Gibout, and Julien Ramousse. "Iterative sizing of solar-assisted mixed district heating network and local electrical grid integrating demand-side management." Energy 238 (January 2022): 121517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121517.
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Ivanyo, Ya M., I. V. Naumov, and M. N. Polkovskaya. "FAILURE SIMULATION OF ELEMENTS OF THE CITY ELECTRIC NETWORK (10 KV) BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRAVOBEREZHNIY DISTRICT OF THE IRKUTSK CITY." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no. 9 (2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-203-09-87-98.
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The paper presents mathematical models for probabil-istic evaluation and forecasting of emergency shutdowns in electric networks by the example of the Pravoberezhniy District of the Irkutsk City from 2008 through 2017. At the first stage, the autocorrelation function of the parameter series is determined to estimate its randomness. According to the calculated statistical parameters and the consent criteria, a number of equipmentfailures may be described by a three-parameter gamma distribution. A method of two-level identification of extreme (maximum and minimum) values of the parameter under study is proposed; accord-ing to this method, a significant polynomial trend is ob-tained for predicting the largest number of failures. The evaluation of the presence of trends based on monthly data showed that polynomial and power trends may be used to predict failures on electric networks. At the same time, sig-nificant trends were identifiedonly for January, February, May and December. At the next stage, trend-seasonal models are constructed; the least squares method is used to calculate their components. According to the obtained seasonality indices, the greatest increase in emergency shutdowns takes place in April and July, and a decrease -in February and March. On the basis of the correlation-regression model, factor models of failures of electrical network elements and the accumulated average daily tem-peratures for months and time are constructed. Linear and nonlinear models with and without trends are obtained. To evaluate the accuracy of the forecasts of the obtained models, the results of the retrospective forecast for 2017 were compared with the actual values. According to the resultsobtained for predicting failures on electric networks in February, June, July and September, the best result is shown by a trend-seasonal model, in May -a polynomial trend, in November -a factorial one taking into account time, in March, May and October-a nonlinear regression equation, and in December -a power trend. There are no qualitative forecast models for the months of January, April, and August. In this regard, the values of emergency shut-downs on these months may be estimated using a proba-bilistic model.
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Zheng, Xuejing, Boxiao Xu, Yaran Wang, Shijun You, Huan Zhang, Shen Wei, and Na Wang. "Hydraulic transient modeling and analysis of the district heating network." Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 25 (March 2021): 100409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2020.100409.
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Chicherin, Stanislav, Aleksander Starikov, and Andrey Zhuikov. "Justifying network reconstruction when switching to low temperature district heating." Energy 248 (June 2022): 123618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123618.
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Vivian, Jacopo, Mattia Chinello, Angelo Zarrella, and Michele De Carli. "Investigation on Individual and Collective PV Self-Consumption for a Fifth Generation District Heating Network." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031022.
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Renewable Energy Communities have been recently introduced in European legislation to promote distributed generation from renewable energy sources. In fact, they allow to produce and consume energy from shared local power plants. Low temperature district heating and cooling networks with distributed heat pumps have demonstrated their capability to exploit renewable and waste heat sources in the urban environment. Therefore, they are considered a promising infrastructure to help decarbonize the building sector. As their main operating cost is the electricity purchased by the utility for heat pumps and circulation pumps, this work investigates whether a Renewable Energy Community could help mitigate such cost by sharing electricity produced by local photovoltaic (PV) systems. The research relies on computer simulations performed with both physical and statistical models for the evaluation of electrical load profiles at the district level. Results show that due to the different seasonality between heating demand and PV production, the increase in self-consumption due to the distributed heat pumps is lower than 10%. The use of batteries does not seem convenient for the same reason. The environmental benefit of the proposed system is evident, with CO2 emissions reduced by 72–80% compared to the current situation depending on PV power installed. It also emerged that PV sharing significantly improves the self-consumption at the district level, in particular when the installed PV power is limited (+45%). In conclusion, results suggest that current incentives on PV-sharing make Renewable Energy Communities a viable option to improve the techno-economic performance of fifth-generation district heating and cooling networks.
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Siddiqui, Salman, Mark Barrett, and John Macadam. "A High Resolution Spatiotemporal Urban Heat Load Model for GB." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 4078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144078.
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The decarbonisation of heating in the United Kingdom is likely to entail both the mass adoption of heat pumps and widespread development of district heating infrastructure. Estimation of the spatially disaggregated heat demand is needed for both electrical distribution network with electrified heating and for the development of district heating. The temporal variation of heat demand is important when considering the operation of district heating, thermal energy storage and electrical grid storage. The difference between the national and urban heat demands profiles will vary due to the type and occupancy of buildings leading to temporal variations which have not been widely surveyed. This paper develops a high-resolution spatiotemporal heat load model for Great Britain (GB: England, Scotland a Wales) by identifying the appropriate datasets, archetype segmentation and characterisation for the domestic and nondomestic building stock. This is applied to a thermal model and calibrated on the local scale using gas consumption statistics. The annual GB heat demand was in close agreement with other estimates and the peak demand was 219 GWth. The urban heat demand was found to have a lower peak to trough ratio than the average national demand profile. This will have important implications for the uptake of heating technologies and design of district heating.
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Sekret, Robert, and Anna Nitkiewicz. "Exergy analysis of the performance of low-temperature district heating system with geothermal heat pump." Archives of Thermodynamics 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoter-2014-0005.
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Abstract Exergy analysis of low temperature geothermal heat plant with compressor and absorption heat pump was carried out. In these two concepts heat pumps are using geothermal water at 19.5 oC with spontaneous outflow 24 m3/h as a heat source. The research compares exergy efficiency and exergy destruction of considered systems and its components as well. For the purpose of analysis, the heating system was divided into five components: geothermal heat exchanger, heat pump, heat distribution, heat exchanger and electricity production and transportation. For considered systems the primary exergy consumption from renewable and non-renewable sources was estimated. The analysis was carried out for heat network temperature at 50/40 oC, and the quality regulation was assumed. The results of exergy analysis of the system with electrical and absorption heat pump show that exergy destruction during the whole heating season is lower for the system with electrical heat pump. The exergy efficiencies of total system are 12.8% and 11.2% for the system with electrical heat pump and absorption heat pump, respectively.
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Mokhov, V. G., and V. I. Tsimbol. "Electrical Energy Consumption Prediction of the Federal District of Russia on the Based of the Reccurent Neural Network." Journal of Computational and Engineering Mathematics 5, no. 2 (2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/jcem180201.
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Delubac, Régis, Sylvain Serra, Sabine Sochard, and Jean-Michel Reneaume. "A Dynamic Optimization Tool to Size and Operate Solar Thermal District Heating Networks Production Plants." Energies 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 8003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238003.
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The aim of the ISORC/OPTIMISER project is to increase and improve the use of solar thermal energy in district heating networks. One of the main tasks of the project is to develop an optimization tool for the sizing and operation of a solar district heating network. This is the first optimization tool using an open-source interface (Julia, JuMP) and solver (Ipopt) to solve nonlinear problems. This paper presents the multi-period optimization problem which is implemented to consider the dynamic variations in a year, represented by four typical days, with an hourly resolution. The optimum is calculated for a total duration of 20 years. First, this paper presents the modeling of the different components of a solar district heating network production plant: district network demand, storage and three sources, i.e., a fossil (gas) and two renewable (solar and biomass) sources. In order to avoid prohibitive computational time, the modeling of sources and storage has to be fairly simple. The multi-period optimization problem was formulated. The chosen objective function is economic: The provided economic model is accurate and use nonlinear equations. Finally the formulated problem is a nonlinear Programming problem. Optimization of the studied case exhibits consistent operating profiles and design. A comparison is made of different types of storage connection at the production site, highlighting the relevance of placing the storage at the solar field outlet. The optimum configuration supplies 49% of demand using solar energy, achieving a renewable rate of 69% in combination with the biomass boiler.
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Kováč, Szabolcs, German Micha’čonok, Igor Halenár, and Pavel Važan. "Comparison of Heat Demand Prediction Using Wavelet Analysis and Neural Network for a District Heating Network." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061545.
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Short-Term Load Prediction (STLP) is an important part of energy planning. STLP is based on the analysis of historical data such as outdoor temperature, heat load, heat consumer configuration, and the seasons. This research aims to forecast heat consumption during the winter heating season. By preprocessing and analyzing the data, we can determine the patterns in the data. The results of the data analysis make it possible to form learning algorithms for an artificial neural network (ANN). The biggest disadvantage of an ANN is the lack of precise guidelines for architectural design. Another disadvantage is the presence of false information in the analyzed training data. False information is the result of errors in measuring, collecting, and transferring data. Usually, trial error techniques are used to determine the number of hidden nodes. To compare prediction accuracy, several models have been proposed, including a conventional ANN and a wavelet ANN. In this research, the influence of different learning algorithms was also examined. The main differences were the training time and number of epochs. To improve the quality of the raw data and remove false information, the research uses the technology of normalizing raw data. The basis of normalization was the technology of the Z-score of the data and determination of the energy‒entropy ratio. The purpose of this research was to compare the accuracy of various data processing and neural network training algorithms suitable for use in data-driven (black box) modeling. For this research, we used a software application created in the MATLAB environment. The app uses wavelet transforms to compare different heat demand prediction methods. The use of several wavelet transforms for various wavelet functions in the research allowed us to determine the best algorithm and method for predicting heat production. The results of the research show the need to normalize the raw data using wavelet transforms. The sequence of steps involves following milestones: normalization of initial data, wavelet analysis employing quantitative criteria (energy, entropy, and energy‒entropy ratio), optimization of ANN training with information energy–entropy ratio, ANN training with different training algorithms, and evaluation of obtained outputs using statistical methods. The developed application can serve as a control tool for dispatchers during planning.
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Warist, R. K., W. Wilopo, and N. I. Setiawan. "Identification of seawater intrusion in Gapura Sub-district, Sumenep Regency, East Java, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012003.
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Abstract Gapura sub-district is located in the Sumenep Regency, Madura Island, that also recognized as the center of salt production. Due to not availability of a clean water network from the municipal water network (PDAM), the daily water need of the community is provided by groundwater. Local people have reported several brackish waters in the wells since a few years ago. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify seawater intrusion potential in this area. The seawater intrusion is analyzed based on the value of electrical conductivity (EC) and groundwater hydrochemistry. From the analysis of EC values, it can be concluded that there are two out of thirty groundwater samples classified as moderately saline water, while in the study of groundwater ion values, both two samples have chloride values that are more than 240 mg/L. However, the Cl and HCO3 ratio show that the two samples will only have a small effect on seawater. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Gapura sub-district does not have seawater intrusion. High salinity in some wells is mostly coming from salt production in this area.
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Brentan, Bruno M., Enrique Campbell, Gustavo L. Meirelles, Edevar Luvizotto, and Joaquín Izquierdo. "Social Network Community Detection for DMA Creation: Criteria Analysis through Multilevel Optimization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9053238.
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Management of large water distribution systems can be improved by dividing their networks into so-called district metered areas (DMAs). However, such divisions must be based on appropriated technical criteria. Considering the importance of deeply understanding the relationship between DMA creation and these criteria, this work proposes a performance analysis of DMA generation that takes into account such indicators as resilience index, demand similarity, pressure uniformity, water age (and thus water quality), solution implantation costs, and electrical consumption. To cope with the complexity of the problem, suitable mathematical techniques are proposed in this paper. We use a social community detection technique to define the sectors, and then a multilevel particle swarm optimization approach is applied to find the optimal placement and operating point of the necessary devices. The results obtained by implementing the methodology in a real water supply network show its validity and the meaningful influence on the final result of, especially, elevation and pipe length.
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He, Liangce, Zhigang Lu, Lili Pan, Hao Zhao, Xueping Li, and Jiangfeng Zhang. "Optimal Economic and Emission Dispatch of a Microgrid with a Combined Heat and Power System." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the rapid development of the new concept of energy internet, electric power systems often need to be investigated together with thermal energy systems. Additionally, to reduce pollution from gas emissions, it is very important to study the economic and emission dispatch of integrated electrical and heating systems. Hence, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization dispatch model for a microgrid (MG) with a combined heat and power (CHP) system. This CHP-based MG system consists of a CHP unit, a wind turbine, a PV system, a fuel cell, an electric boiler, an electric storage, and a heat storage. It can exchange electricity with the distribution network and exchange heat with the district heating network. Minimum economic cost and minimum environmental cost are considered as the two objectives for the operation of this CHP-based MG system. To solve the two objective optimization problem, the multi-objective bacterial colony chemotaxis algorithm is utilized to obtain the Pareto optimal solution set, and the optimal solution is chosen by the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method. Finally, numerical case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed model and method for the optimal economic and emission dispatch of the CHP-based MG system.
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Putna, Ondřej, Jakub Kůdela, Martin Krňávek, Martin Pavlas, and Kamil Ondra. "Modelling of Change in Fuel Mix within a District Heating Network." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082879.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Changing the fuel mix used in the heating industry, i.e., switching to greener fuels, is one of the possible solutions to prevent rising costs for final consumers in the context of rising emission allowance prices. This paper presents a methodology that offers the possibility to perform a comprehensive technical and economic assessment of a theoretical solution—changing the fuel mix of centralized heating sources—and other strategic decisions within a district’s heating systems. Emphasis is placed on fuels with a negative price, such as municipal waste. The presented approach can also be used to assess the effect of other significant changes related to the configuration of district heating systems on the economy of the plant, such as the impact of a decrease in heat demand and implementation of a steam turbine. The key benefit of this paper is an approach based on mathematical modelling of the operation of individual boilers with different operating parameters in terms of their start-up, shutdown, and mode of operation. A unique approach of optimizing an operation’s schedule using dynamic programming is presented, which enables the selection of a suitable solution for the configuration of binary variables in consecutive time steps. In this way, it is possible to achieve a more accurate estimate of the economics of the facility at the strategic planning stage that will consider the real operational capabilities of the heat source given its technical limitations. Using this approach, up to a 4% reduction in variable operating costs was achieved in the model case, when compared to static time interval planning.
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Vannoni, Alberto, Alessandro Sorce, Alberto Traverso, and Aristide Fausto Massardo. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123803003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The heating and cooling sector, responsible for a large fraction of greenhouse emissions, may have a large scale impact on the energy system evolution contributing to smart industrial and domestic electrification; at the same time the recent increase of renewable energy sources installation, posing a threat in terms of grid stability, makes available a considerable amount of clean and cheap electrical energy during peak hours production. Power to heat technologies constitute a promising solution to face both these issues reducing the electric demand variability and decarbonizing the heat production. Large vapor compression heat pumps are a reliable technology able to compete, under the economic point of view, with the heat-only-boilers in order to serve district heating networks. Performance and economic profitability of a compression cycle is strongly dependent on available thermal source and the temperature of water delivered to the network. The present work explores and compares performance and economic indicators under different installation conditions, considering compression heat pumps employing four different fluids: a traditional HCF (R134a) and three natural fluids, ammonia (R717), butane (R600), and propane (R290), often preferred nowadays to HCFs due to the lower global warming potential.
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Ancona, Maria Alessandra, Michele Bianchi, Lisa Branchini, Andrea De Pascale, Francesco Melino, and Antonio Peretto. "Complex energy networks: energy-ecological efficiency based evaluations towards the sustainability in energy sector." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123805004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last years, international programs in diverse sectors and national frameworks have been driven by the need of a sustainable growth, in a green economy perspective. In order to reduce the energy losses/dissipations, as well as the fossil fuels employment and related pollutant emissions, indeed, the spread of combined heat and power units and/or renewable sources generators is promoted into both the electrical grids and the thermal networks but are often in conflict with the economic aspects. In this context, the optimal management of complex energy networks – including, in particular, smart district heating – may lead to the achievement of important goals from the environmental and sustainability viewpoints. The aim of this paper is to develop a preliminary methodology for the complete evaluation of complex energy networks, considering energy, economic and environmental aspects. With this purpose, a case study consisting in a network for the fulfillment of electrical and thermal needs of the connected users will be analyzed, considering different scenarios in terms of energy generation mix and operation and applying different optimization software. In addition, the carried out evaluations will allow to set the basis for the discussion about the future of energy policies and possible incentives towards the sustainable development of the energy sector.
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Kinelski, Grzegorz, Jakub Stęchły, Adrian Sienicki, Kai Czornik, and Piotr Borkowski. "Application of Smart Technologies in Metropolis GZM to Reduce Harmful Emissions in District Heating Systems." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 7665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227665.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Harmful emissions from heating installations have recently received public attention in Poland. Polish municipalities mainly take their heat from local district heating networks with large-scale coal-fired heat sources. Today, transition to nonemissive sources on this scale would be impractical. The easiest way to reduce carbon emissions is to limit heat consumption, but at the same time, to preserve thermal comfort, the application of smart technologies is necessary. Veolia operates on 71 district heating systems in Poland, including Warsaw, Lodz, and Poznan. Since heat consumption in Warsaw and Metropolis GZM is at a similar level, this is a case study of Hubgrade automation system application within the Warsaw district heating network. This paper also presents results of simulation of harmful emission reduction potential in Metropolis GZM. Simulation results show that there is a potential for saving approximately 275 kt of CO2 for the whole Metropolis GZM.
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Buffo, Giulio, Domenico Ferrero, Massimo Santarelli, and Andrea Lanzini. "Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (ReSOC) as flexible polygeneration plant integrated with CO2 capture and reuse." E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911302009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents the concept of a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (ReSOC) system localized in an urban residential district. The system is operated as a polygeneration plant that acts as interface between the electricity grid and the local micro-grid of the district. The ReSOC plant produces hydrogen via electrolysis during periods of low electricity demand (i.e., low-priced electricity). Hydrogen is used for multiple city needs: public mobility (H2 bus fleet), electricity production delivered to the micro-grid during peak-demand hours, and heat (accumulated in a storage) provided to the local district heating (DH) network. An additional option analyzed is the use of part of the H2 to produce DME using CO2 captured from biogas obtained from municipal solid wastes. The DME is used for fueling a fleet of trucks for the garbage collection in the residential district. A traditional CO2 removal process based on liquid MEA thermally integrated with the ReSOC system is studied. A time-resolved model interfaces the steady-state operating points with the thermal storage and the loads (electrical, H2 buses, DME trucks, heat), implementing constraints of thermal and H2 self-sufficiency on the system. Neglecting the DME option, the average daily roundtrip electric efficiency is about 38%, while the annual efficiency, which includes H2 mobility and thermal energy to DH, reaches 68%. When the DME option is considered, the thermal demand for CO2 removal and conversion process reduces the heat availability for DH, while the need for additional H2 for DME synthesis increases the electricity consumption for water electrolysis: both these phenomena imply a reduction of system efficiency (-9%) proportional to DME demand.
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Kim, Min-Hwi, Deuk-Won Kim, Dong-Won Lee, and Jaehyeok Heo. "Experimental Analysis of Bi-Directional Heat Trading Operation Integrated with Heat Prosumers in Thermal Networks." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185881.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
District cooling and heating methods that can utilize highly efficient heat pumps and various unused new and renewable types of energy are required to achieve low carbon emissions and zero energy usage in buildings and community units. The technical requirements for the implementation of decentralized thermal networks and heat trading are increasing, both for thermal networks in new buildings and for those remodeled based on existing centralized thermal networks. In this study, a conventional centralized thermal network was implemented as a decentralized thermal network and the possibility of heat prosumers feeding thermal networks was demonstrated experimentally. A real-scale plant was constructed by employing unused thermal energy facilities as prosumers in a school and childcare center based on the existing small-scale block heating and cooling thermal network. The decentralized thermal network and heat prosumer concepts were proven through operation experiments performed on the constructed system in summer and winter. An economic benefit can be achieved by increasing the peak power cost. The experimental results also showed that the proposed bi-directional heat trading reduced carbon emissions by 12.7% compared with conventional centralized thermal systems.
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Xu, Bai Quan. "Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Home Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.660.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the development of computer technology, networking and information technology, and the requirements for the continuous improvement of living, enjoying smart household life has become possible, and become the inevitable tendency. This paper introduces a kind of smart home control system which based on 32-bit embedded processor ARM platform and the ZigBee wireless network communication technology. This system was designed to aim at the ordinary residential district family user, which can realize the concentration supervisory control and management to the housing safe condition, and achieve the household electrical appliances' remote control.
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Chen, Houhe, Linbo Fu, Rufeng Zhang, Chuqiao Lin, Tao Jiang, Xue Li, and Guoqing Li. "Local energy market clearing of integrated ADN and district heating network coordinated with transmission system." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 125 (February 2021): 106522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106522.
Повний текст джерела