Готові списки джерел за темами / District electrical network

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "District electrical network"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "District electrical network"

Bolshev, V. E., A. V. Vinogradov, A. V. Vinogradova, A. V. Bukreev, and S. R. Khasanov. "Study of statistical data on the composition of electric distribution networks on the example of a Kaluga region district." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001005.

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Sustainable operation of the power grid complex is impossible without reliable and high-quality operation of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks, which are the final link in the system for providing consumers with electric energy and are in direct interaction with a specific consumer. The study of statistical information on the composition of distribution networks makes it possible to draw conclusions about electrical network state, to implement recommendations for their development and to compare distribution electrical networks in different regions. This information is especially relevant for analyzing the reliability of power supply to consumers connected to the considered electrical distribution networks. Such indicators of network structure as the length of electric transmission lines of different voltages and power transmission schemes are studied. It also analyzes the number of damages in networks, the causes of these damages, data on the time of planned and emergency outages. This paper considers the structure of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks located on the territory of one of the districts of the Kaluga region. The sample for distribution networks was: 1190 overhead transmission lines and 536 transformer substations. Consumers in the district are 21671 subscribers of individuals and 1986 subscribers of legal entities, that is, a total of 23657 metering points. On the lines of 0.4 kV and 10 kV, the percentage of their isolated design was revealed. The share of single-transformer and two-transformer versions of transformer substations is analyzed.

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Estakhr, Javad, Mohsen Simab, and Taher Niknam. "Security Analysis of Hybrid Multi-Carrier Energy Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063102.

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Multi-carrier energy systems (MCESs) provide collaboration between various kinds of energy carriers to supply the electricity, heating, and cooling demands. With the widespread use of MCESs in recent years, the security assessment of energy systems has attracted the attention of many contemporary researchers. However, the complexity of an MCES, including electrical, natural gas, and district heating networks, and different uncertainties imposes vast challenges to keep a safe operation energy supply. In this paper, a systematic methodology for the security analysis of MCESs is presented. For this purpose, considering electrical, natural gas, and district heating networks, an integrated model of energy systems is introduced. The security analysis of this framework is evaluated using some indices. In this approach, two well-known performance indices, including power performance index (PIP) and voltage performance index (PIV), are used to analyze the electrical networks’ security. Besides, the concept of Energy not supplied (ENS) is used for natural gas and district heating networks. In this regard, security analysis of a typical MCES including the IEEE 14-bus electrical network, the IEEE 30-bus electrical network, 20-node Belgian natural gas network, and 14-node district heating network is examined. The applicability of the proposed technique will be proven using comprehensive simulation analysis.

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Gonzalez-Castellanos, Alvaro, Priyanko Guha Thakurta, and Aldo Bischi. "Congestion management via increasing integration of electric and thermal energy infrastructures." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123805005.

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Congestion caused in the electrical network due to renewable generation can be effectively managed by integrating electric and thermal infrastructures, the latter being represented by large scale District Heating (DH) networks, often fed by large combined heat and power (CHP) plants. The CHP plants could further improve the profit margin of district heating multi-utilities by selling electricity in the power market by adjusting the ratio between generated heat and power. The latter is possible only for certain CHP plants, which allow decoupling the two commodities generation, namely the ones provided by two independent variables (degrees-of-freedom) or by integrating them with thermal energy storage and Power-to-Heat (P2H) units. CHP units can, therefore, help in the congestion management of the electricity network. A detailed mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model is introduced for solving the network-constrained unit commitment of integrated electric and thermal infrastructures. The developed model contains a detailed characterization of the useful effects of CHP units, i.e., heat and power, as a function of one and two independent variables. A lossless DC flow approximation models the electricity transmission network. The district heating model includes the use of gas boilers, electric boilers, and thermal energy storage. The conducted studies on IEEE 24 bus system highlight the importance of a comprehensive analysis of multi-energy systems to harness the flexibility derived from the joint operation of electric and heat sectors and managing congestion in the electrical network.

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Soltero, Víctor, Ricardo Chacartegui, Carlos Ortiz, and Gonzalo Quirosa. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2018): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123287.

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Biomass heating networks provide renewable heat using low carbon energy sources. They can be powerful tools for economy decarbonization. Heating networks can increase heating efficiency in districts and small size municipalities, using more efficient thermal generation technologies, with higher efficiencies and with more efficient emissions abatement technologies. This paper analyzes the application of a biomass fourth generation district heating, 4GDH (4th Generation Biomass District Heating), in a rural municipality. The heating network is designed to supply 77 residential buildings and eight public buildings, to replace the current individual diesel boilers and electrical heating systems. The development of the new fourth district heating generation implies the challenge of combining using low or very low temperatures in the distribution network pipes and delivery temperatures in existing facilities buildings. In this work biomass district heating designs based on third and fourth generation district heating network criteria are evaluated in terms of design conditions, operating ranges, effect of variable temperature operation, energy efficiency and investment and operating costs. The Internal Rate of Return of the different options ranges from 6.55% for a design based on the third generation network to 7.46% for a design based on the fourth generation network, with a 25 years investment horizon. The results and analyses of this work show the interest and challenges for the next low temperature DH generation for the rural area under analysis.

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Loose, Nils, Christian Thommessen, Jan Mehlich, Christian Derksen, and Stefan Eicker. "Unified Energy Agents for Combined District Heating and Electrical Network Simulation." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 9301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219301.

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A sustainable and climate-friendly energy supply needs flexible and efficient distribution systems. Key factors to implement this kind of systems are intelligent coordination (smart grid approaches) and the integration of different energy sectors. This article introduces the unified energy agent as an agent-based approach for a comprehensive modelling and control of energy conversion systems. This approach enables both the simulation and optimization of coupled energy networks, and then in a next step, the development of corresponding smart grid solutions to be applied in the field. Its applicability for the simulation of coupled networks is presented by a real-world use-case of an innovative combined heat and electrical network, which was implemented for the city of Lemgo, Germany. Preliminary results from the project are discussed and an outlook on future work is given.

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Eremin, Anton, Konstantin Trubitsyn, Sergey Kolesnikov, Igor Kudinov, and Vasily Tkachev. "Computer models of hydraulic systems of district heating." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819302028.

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A mathematical and computer model of a district heating network fed by two heat sources located at significantly different elevation marks has been developed. The model is based on the electrohydraulic analogy of electric current spread in conductors and liquid pressure spread in pipelines, which are described by the same equations. In particular, the first and second Kirchhoff’s laws used in the calculation of electrical networks are applied to calculate the velocities and pressures in a complex multi-ring pipeline system. In order to maximize the approximation of the computer model to the real hydraulic network (in resistance to the process of heating agent flow), the method of automatic identification of the model is applied. This method is an iterative process of changing the hydraulic resistances in pipelines of the model in such a way that the results obtained from the calculations would have the least differences from the experimental data. The accuracy of identification depending on the number of points with known experimental data is 3 – 5%.

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Khomutov, Stanislav O., and Nikolay A. Serebryakov. "Creation of a short-term load forecasting neural network model of electrical engineering complex of section regional electric grid 6-35 kV." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20206180-91.

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Aim: Is developing of short-term load forecasting math model of the electrical engineering complex of the district regional electric grid 6-35 kV with the use of artificial neural networks. Methods: The tools of regression analysis and deep machine learning were used in the work. Results: The neural network model for short-term load forecasting of the electrical engineering complex of section regional electric grid 6-35 kV, which considered factors of time, meteorological conditions, disconnections of individual power transmission lines, the operation mode of electricity consumers with a capacity of over 670 kW, the fact of the availability of central heating and water supply, has been obtained. Conclusion: The developed neural network math model reduces the problem of short-term load forecasting to the search of matrix free coefficients through training on the available statistical data.

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Masaev, S. Kh, U. Kh Makaev, and M. V. Debiev. "The basic stages of improving the power grid complex functioning of the Chechen Republic." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-4-43-53.

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The article considers the state of the electric power industry functioning of the Chechen Republic. Comparative data on the reception in the network and useful electricity supply of the Chechen Republic in recent years are presented. The total transformer capacity structure of all substations, as well as the power lines total length of Chechenenergo JSC, is considered. The main electric power industry problems of the Chechen power system, which are the lack of own generating capacities, the transformer capacities shortage of substations 110 and 35 kV and the main production assets high level wear of the electric grid economy, are studied. The tasks to reduce the Chechen energy system electric energy losses are considered. The values and causes of the electric energy losses in different district electric networks (RES) of JSC "Chechenenergo" are determined. A comparative analysis of the electrical energy losses in recent years has been performed. Issues related to reactive power in electrical networks are considered. An analysis was carried out to determine the reactive power values in different district electric networks of Chechenenergo JSC. Measures are proposed that contribute to the reactive power normalization and the improvement of technical and economic indicators in electric networks. The networks electrical circuits improvement analysis was carried out to ensure the power supply stability and reliability to consumers in the republic. The production process control system and diagnostics is proposed, which will allow to regulate and coordinate the activities to manage the technical condition, as well as the power system reliability.

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Rušeljuk, Pavel, Kertu Lepiksaar, Andres Siirde, and Anna Volkova. "Economic Dispatch of CHP Units through District Heating Network’s Demand-Side Management." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154553.

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Optimisation of heat and electrical load distribution, where the objective function is the maximum efficiency of the CHP unit for a given load range, can be done considering the limitations of electrical power and the heat load. Simulating a real CHP unit with a district heating network shows that demand-side management can improve the overall economic efficiency of the CHP plant and increase the unit’s operating range in the electricity spot market. Economic dispatch makes it possible to determine a reasonable additional increase in the electric power of the CHP unit, and to optimise the supply temperature and mass flow of the district heating network. The results obtained and the analysis performed indicate that the proposed methodology provides logical results and can be used to calculate the efficiency indicators of the cogeneration of electrical and thermal energy. The problem of optimising the operating mode of the CHP unit was solved, which allows us to determine the optimal additional increase in the unit’s electrical load at a given heat load of consumers, which on average increases the CHP unit’s efficiency up to an additional 1.5%.

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Onohaebi, S. O., and S. T. Apeh. "Electricity Network Planning: The Key to Efficient and Reliable Power Supply to Consumers." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.172.

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This paper focuses on the need and procedure for the planning of electrical engineering infrastructure for any district/community in order to enhance reliability and efficiency of power supply to consumers. Almost all the towns/cities in Nigeria are unplanned and this has resulted in haphazard approach to Electricity Network Planning and implementation. A detailed theory, methodology and technical considerations, in compliance with both National and International standards are discussed in this paper. A proposed University campus was used to demonstrate the procedures involved in electricity network planning in order to achieve an efficient power supply. This involves the electric power supply, design concepts, load estimates and analysis, network distribution/equipment and sizing of cables and electrical panels taking into account the various modes of distribution. This paper also drew a simple analogy between Benin City and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, to illustrate the objective of the paper while highlighting the merits associated with planned electrical engineering infrastructure and suggested the ways to remedy the unplanned networks in Nigeria.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "District electrical network"

Пізнак, Василь Васильович. "Аналіз режимів роботи районної електричної мережі 110 кВ з врахуванням впливу несиметричних джерел спотворення". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/28429.

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В даному бакалаврському проекті розглянуто варіант побудови та розрахунок режимів роботи районної електричної мережі напругою 110 кВ за наявності в ній пункту генерації. Бакалаврський проект включає в себе наступні розділи: вибір числа, потужності та типу трансформаторів на підстанціях, вибір оптимальних перерізів ліній електропередачі. Був проведений розрахунок максимального та аварійного режимів роботи електричної мережі, а також були розглянуті варіанти регулювання напруги на сторонах середньої і низької напруги. Бакалаврський проект містить пояснювальну записку та графічну частину, яка складається з 3 креслень.
In this bachelor project was considered the variant of construction and calculation of operation modes of regional electric power network of the voltage of 110 kV with the presence of generation point in it. The bachelor project includes the following parts: the choice of the number, power and type of transformers at the substations, the choice of optimal cross sections of the transmission lines. The calculation of the maximum and emergency operation modes of the electrical network was carried out, as well as variants of voltage regulation on the sides of medium and low voltage were considered. The bachelor project includes an explanatory note and a graphic part consisting of 3 drawings.

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Заболотній, Денис Ігорович. "Методи виявлення ферорезонансних процесів в електричних мережах з великими струмами замикання на землю". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/31661.

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Магістерська дисертація складається з пояснювальної записки та графічної частини. Пояснювальна записка виконана на 216 сторінках формату А4, в яку входять 87 таблиць та 75 рисунків. Графічна частина містить 8 аркушів технічних креслень формату А1. В магістерській дисертації виконано проект районної електричної мережі напругою 110 кВ та електричної частини підстанції 110/35/10 кВ. Розроблено стартап-проект, розглянуто питання релейного захисту та охорони праці. Досліджено застосування ферорезонансних процесів.
The master's dissertation consists of an explanatory note and a graphic part. The explanatory note is made on page 216 of A4 format, which includes 87 chart and 75 figures. The graphic part contains 8 sheets or technical drawings of A1 format. In the master's thesis the project of the district electric network 110 kV and the electrical part of the substation 110/35/10 kV was executed. A startup project has been developed, issues of relay protection and labor protection have been considered. The application of ferroresonance processes is investigated.

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Книги з теми "District electrical network"

Bartels, Michael. Cost efficient expansion of district heat networks in Germany. München: Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, 2009.

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Cost efficient expansion of district heat networks in Germany. München: Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "District electrical network"

Zhang, Li, Qi Shen, and Zhen-lian Shi. "Architecture of the Virtual District Platform in Broadcast Network Foundation Scene." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 212–18. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2386-6_28.

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Chen, Pin-Liang, Ping-Che Yang, and Tsun Ku. "Social Network and Consumer Behavior Analysis: A Case Study in the Shopping District." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 879–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3187-8_84.

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Min, Xiaodan, Xiangyang Rong, Pengfei Si, Hai Liu, and Lijun Shi. "The Secondary Ring-Shaped Pipe Network Optimization Design of a District Cooling Project in Chongqing." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 85–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39581-9_9.

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Colarossi, Daniele, and Paolo Principi. "Feasibility study of a cold ironing system and district heating in port area." In Proceedings e report, 666–75. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.66.

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Cold ironing is a technology to reduce polluting emissions covering the energy demand of berthed ships in port to shut down their auxiliary engines. A feasibility study for the port of Ancona is proposed. A cogeneration plant provides electricity to ships, and the recovered heat waste is used in a district heating network. Results show that a 1.5MW and 2MW cogenerator covers 83% and 92% of the electrical need of ships respectively, and 61% and 74% of the thermal need of the involved buildings over the analysed period. The scenarios have been economically evaluated and prove to be feasible.

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Gorges, Tobias, Claudia Weißmann, and Sebastian Bothor. "Small Electric Vehicles (SEV)—Impacts of an Increasing SEV Fleet on the Electric Load and Grid." In Small Electric Vehicles, 115–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_9.

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AbstractHeading towards climate neutrality, the electrification of the transport sector has significant impact on the electric grid infrastructure. Among other vehicles, the increasing number of new technologies, mobility offers, and services has an impact on the grid infrastructure. The purpose of this case study therefore is to examine and highlight the small electric vehicle (SEV) impact on the electric load and grid. A data-based analysis model with high charging demand in an energy network is developed that includes renewable energy production and a charging process of a whole SEV fleet during the daily electricity demand peak for the city of Stuttgart (Germany). Key figures are gathered and analysed from official statistics and open data sources. The resulting load increase due to the SEV development is determined and the impact on the electric grid in comparison to battery electric vehicles (BEV) is assessed for two district types. The case study shows that if SEVs replace BEVs, the effects on the grid peak load are considered significant. However, the implementation of a load management system may have an even higher influence on peak load reduction. Finally, recommendations for the future national and international development of SEV fleets are summarized.

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Meghanathan, Natarajan. "Centrality Analysis of the United States Network Graph." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 312–23. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7598-6.ch023.

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The authors model the contiguous states (48 states and the District of Columbia) of the United States (US) as an undirected network graph with each state represented as a node and there is an edge between two nodes if the corresponding two states share a common border. They determine a ranking of the states in the US with respect to the four commonly studied centrality metrics: degree, eigenvector, betweenness, and closeness. They observe the states of Missouri and Maine to be, respectively, the most central state and the least central state with respect to all the four centrality metrics. The degree distribution is bi-modal Poisson. The eigenvector and closeness centralities also exhibit Poisson distribution, while the betweenness centrality exhibits power-law distribution. The authors observe a higher correlation in the ranking of vertices based on the degree centrality and betweenness centrality.

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Walker, Barbara, and Evelyn Posey. "Digital El Paso." In Social and Economic Effects of Community Wireless Networks and Infrastructures, 94–111. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2997-4.ch006.

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The Digital El Paso (DEP) community wireless network was deployed as a public-private business model to achieve digital inclusion, sustain economic development, and enhance government and public services. The design, implementation, and funding of DEP were achieved through the collaboration of local businesses, core community members, non-profit organizations, academic institutions, and government entities. In particular, Cisco Systems, Inc. provided design and planning support to complement Intel Corporation’s seed funding for the site survey. El Paso County, the City of El Paso, El Paso Independent School District, the Housing Authority of the City of El Paso, and El Paso Electric provided equipment and services. The purpose of DEP is to provide wireless Internet access to achieve social inclusion and economic development. DEP’s main challenges include lack of funds, limited user acceptance, and insufficient user training. The policy implication is that leveraging public/private partnerships enhances collaboration and increases the chances of success of community wireless networks. A family-centric approach to drive the adoption of these emerging networks and increase bandwidth utilization, particularly in rural and underserved communities is also recommended.

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Goldstein, Inge F., and Martin Goldstein. "Asthma, Allergy, and Air Pollution." In How Much Risk? Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139945.003.0014.

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One night in early October 1997, Felipe G., a nine-year-old child of Dominican immigrants to New York City living in East Harlem, woke up struggling for breath. Felipe had had asthma attacks before, and his parents knew, or thought they knew, what to do: they called for an ambulance, which rushed him to the emergency room of Harlem Hospital nearby. But this time he stopped breathing on the way to the hospital, and could not be revived there. His younger sister Ana also has asthma, but so far has never had to go to the emergency room. The tenement building in which Felipe’s family lives is three blocks from the Harlem River Drive, a highway on which thousands of cars travel each workday, emitting, in spite of their catalytic converters, large quantities of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and incompletely combusted gasoline. Several blocks north is a parking garage for the diesel trucks of the New York City Department of Sanitation. The drivers of the trucks that use the lot often keep their motors idling, so that great quantities of diesel exhaust particles are emitted to the surrounding area. The Harlem district of New York City, inhabited mainly by African-Americans and Hispanics, is shielded to a large extent from the prevailing west winds by higher areas on the west side of Manhattan. Hence, air pollution produced within Harlem—for example, by cars, diesel trucks, and buses, and by an electric power generating plant located there—tends to remain longer than in other areas of the city. The New York City Department of Environmental Protection operated a network of air monitoring stations from the 1940s to the 1970s, during which time Harlem was consistently found to be the most polluted area in the city. It had then, and still has, one of the highest rates of hospitalization for asthma in the city. In most countries, asthma is more common among children of higher social class. In the United States this pattern is reversed: people living in the inner cities of the United States, mostly low-income minorities, have higher rates of asthma than other Americans.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "District electrical network"

Lin, Ruixing, Jialei Xing, Honggeng Yang, and Wenbo Chen. "Intelligent Automatic Layout of One-line Diagrams for District Electrical Distribution Network." In 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2010.5448186.

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Rosa, Luca De, Carlos Mateo Domingo, Tomas Gomez San Roman, Rawad El Kontar, Ben Polly, Katherine Fleming, and Tarek Elgindy. "Integrated models for electrical distribution network planning and district-scale building energy use." In 2021 IEEE Madrid PowerTech. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powertech46648.2021.9494767.

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Balavalikar, Supreetha, Prabhakar Nayak, Narayan Shenoy, and Krishnamurthy Nayak. "Particle swarm optimization based artificial neural network model for forecasting groundwater level in Udupi district." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS, MATERIALS AND APPLIED SCIENCE. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5031983.

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Liu, Li-ping, Bai-qing Li, Ya Li, Jun Yi, Jian Zhang, and Qi Wang. "Calculation of line loss in low-voltage transformer district based on BP network model optimized by LM algorithm." In 2016 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epec.2016.7771740.

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Buoro, Dario, Melchiorre Casisi, Piero Pinamonti, and Mauro Reini. "Optimal Lay-Out and Operation of District Heating and Cooling Distributed Trigeneration Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23416.

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The paper deals with the optimization of a distributed urban district heating and cooling cogeneration system. The model is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and includes a set of micro-cogeneration gas turbines and a district heating network potentially connecting each considered building to all the others. Absorption machines, supplied with cogenerated heat, can be used instead of conventional electrical chiller to face the cooling demand. In addition, a district cooling network can be introduced, independently from the district heating one. The objective of the paper is to obtain the optimal synthesis and operation strategy of the whole system, in terms of Total Annual Cost for owning, maintaining and operating the system. The solution has to specify the kind, the number and the location of cogeneration equipment and absorption machines, the size and the position of district heating and cooling pipelines as well as the optimal operation of each component. The effects of different plant options, comparing cogeneration and tri-generation machines adoption and district heating and cooling pipelines installation, are considered.

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Ulloa, Priscilla, and Nickolas J. Themelis. "Doubling the Energy Advantage of Waste-to-Energy: District Heating in the Northeast U.S." In 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-3201.

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In District Heating (DH), a large number of buildings are heated from a central source by conveying steam or hot water through a network of insulated pipes. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) signifies the controlled combustion of municipal solid wastes to generate electrical and thermal energy in a power plant. Both technologies have been developed simultaneously and are used widely in Europe. In the United States, however, WTE is used principally for the generation of electricity. The advantages of district heating using WTE plants are: overall fuel conservation, by increasing the thermal efficiency of WTE, and overall reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. The purpose of this study was to examine the current situation of district heating in the U.S. and determine the potential for applying DH to existing WTE plants. A preliminary evaluation was conducted of DH application at two WTE facilities in Connecticut: the Wheelabrator Bridgeport and the Covanta Preston facilities. Using a Canadian methodology, the minimal distribution heating network costs for Bridgeport were estimated at about $24 million dollars for providing heat to a surrounding area of one square mile and the DH revenues at $6.8 million.

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Tito, Ubaldo Yancachajlla, Oliver Amadeo Vilca Huayta, Mario G. Borja Borja, and German Belizario Quispe. "Optimization of a Wind-Photovoltaic Hybrid System for a Rural Housing Isolated from The Network in The District of Paucarcolla - Perú." In 2021 IEEE XXVIII International Conference on Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computing (INTERCON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intercon52678.2021.9533024.

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Badami, Marco, Armando Portoraro, and Dario Savarese. "Energetic Assessment of a Local District Heating Network With a Small-Scale Trigeneration Plant: Comparison of Different Performance Indices." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50519.

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Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is a technology that has been proven to be very effective in the industrial sector, when both thermal and electrical energy are required, as it allows a more rational use of the input primary energy. However, CHP technology is not limited to industrial uses, as it can also be effectively exploited in the civil sector, such as in District Heating (DH) applications. Moreover, in recent years the opportunity to develop hybrid systems, in which traditional and renewable energy sources are integrated, is gaining more and more consideration. For these reasons, the most recent European Standards propose a set of newly conceived indices whose aim is easily assessing the energetic performances of DH networks, but the effectiveness of these indices in the study of DH networks coupled with CHP and renewable energy systems has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This paper presents a comparative study, based on these indices, of different electrical and thermal generation technologies, with the aim of assessing their effectiveness when hybrid systems are analyzed. A CHP-DH application, actually installed and in operation in Turin, Italy, has also been considered in the analysis, in order to have a comparison with a real case. The results of the study are presented and discussed in detail in the following sections.

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Paudel, Amrit, Wannakorn Supingklad, and Weerakorn Ongsakul. "Distribution network reconfiguration to support electric vehicles integration." In 2016 International Conference on Cogeneration, Small Power Plants and District Energy (ICUE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogen.2016.7728975.

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Paudel, Amrit, Wannakorn Supingklad, and Weerakorn Ongsakul. "Optimal scheduling of active distribution network with electric vehicles." In 2016 International Conference on Cogeneration, Small Power Plants and District Energy (ICUE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogen.2016.7728974.

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