Статті в журналах з теми "District electric grid"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: District electric grid.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "District electric grid".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Gupta, Sanjay Kumar. "Smart Grid System in India." Indian Journal of Energy and Energy Resources 1, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijeer.c1018.081422.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The smart grid system is very useful in our India. Over electrical supply system is upgrade when use this technology. In this work introduce to smart grid system in India. This is new generation grid system for save our power energy. It reduces the black out when the power consuming higher than the produce of the electricity. The smart grid system also balances the generate power and consume power. The numbers of sensors for collect the data and produce electricity according to its requirement so we can save larger amount of electricity. It also shows the real time price of electricity so we can use our heavy electric equipment when the electric price low. It’s also found the default in electric supply system with the help of sensors so we can easily solve the electricity default. The smart metering also collects the real time-consuming data for the consumer. It also helps for billing the electricity bill with the help of sensors. When the smart gride system install all our in the India then the power supply system easy to be handle. The smart gride system collect the data easily for any district.
2
Causone, Francesco, and Martina Pelle. "Building stock simulation to support the development of a district multi-energy grid." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The urbanization process is constantly increasing worldwide. Today over 50 % of the population resides in urban areas and this value is expected to grow up to 68 % by 2050. In this scenario, the development of district scale energy grids and management systems has become crucial to optimize energy use and to balance energy flows within the cities, encouraging the use of renewable sources and self-consumption. This study focusses on a district under development in the city of Milan, involving an urban area of about 920 000 m2, which, once completed, will count for about 4 500 apartments, a school and a few other commercial uses. The existing energy systems consist of an electric grid, including a small photovoltaic field, a district heating system and a local district cooling system exploiting groundwater via heat pumps. They serve, at present, seven residential tower buildings (400 apartments). The overarching aim of the research is to evolve the existing grid into a smart energy grid able to guarantee an intelligent management of the district, empowering eventually people to apply for demand-response schemes, electric mobility and other innovative services. In order to perform such an improvement and extension of the exiting grid, it is necessary to evaluate and simulate the profiles and dynamics of the final energy uses for the residential buildings, that will represent the major load on site. Since monitoring data are not yet available for the district, the evaluation of the energy performance of the existing buildings has been developed through dynamic energy simulations via the definition of profile loads of the most frequent apartment typologies, that allow, moreover, to simulate further developments in the districts. Besides, a monitoring plan for the existing systems has been developed and implemented. Monitoring data will be used at first for validating the developed load profiles; then, they will be analysed to develop optimisation algorithms for the management of the upgraded energy grid. In this paper, the case study is presented and the results of the analysis, via energy simulation, on the existing building stock are reported.
3
Masaev, S. Kh, U. Kh Makaev, and M. V. Debiev. "The basic stages of improving the power grid complex functioning of the Chechen Republic." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-4-43-53.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the state of the electric power industry functioning of the Chechen Republic. Comparative data on the reception in the network and useful electricity supply of the Chechen Republic in recent years are presented. The total transformer capacity structure of all substations, as well as the power lines total length of Chechenenergo JSC, is considered. The main electric power industry problems of the Chechen power system, which are the lack of own generating capacities, the transformer capacities shortage of substations 110 and 35 kV and the main production assets high level wear of the electric grid economy, are studied. The tasks to reduce the Chechen energy system electric energy losses are considered. The values and causes of the electric energy losses in different district electric networks (RES) of JSC "Chechenenergo" are determined. A comparative analysis of the electrical energy losses in recent years has been performed. Issues related to reactive power in electrical networks are considered. An analysis was carried out to determine the reactive power values in different district electric networks of Chechenenergo JSC. Measures are proposed that contribute to the reactive power normalization and the improvement of technical and economic indicators in electric networks. The networks electrical circuits improvement analysis was carried out to ensure the power supply stability and reliability to consumers in the republic. The production process control system and diagnostics is proposed, which will allow to regulate and coordinate the activities to manage the technical condition, as well as the power system reliability.
4
Khomutov, Stanislav O., and Nikolay A. Serebryakov. "Creation of a short-term load forecasting neural network model of electrical engineering complex of section regional electric grid 6-35 kV." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20206180-91.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim: Is developing of short-term load forecasting math model of the electrical engineering complex of the district regional electric grid 6-35 kV with the use of artificial neural networks.
Methods: The tools of regression analysis and deep machine learning were used in the work.
Results: The neural network model for short-term load forecasting of the electrical engineering complex of section regional electric grid 6-35 kV, which considered factors of time, meteorological conditions, disconnections of individual power transmission lines, the operation mode of electricity consumers with a capacity of over 670 kW, the fact of the availability of central heating and water supply, has been obtained.
Conclusion: The developed neural network math model reduces the problem of short-term load forecasting to the search of matrix free coefficients through training on the available statistical data.
5
Arnaudo, Monica, Monika Topel, and Björn Laumert. "Vehicle-To-Grid for Peak Shaving to Unlock the Integration of Distributed Heat Pumps in a Swedish Neighborhood." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071705.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The city of Stockholm is close to hitting the capacity limits of its power grid. As an additional challenge, electricity has been identified as a key resource to help the city to meet its environmental targets. This has pushed citizens to prefer power-based technologies, like heat pumps and electric vehicles, thus endangering the stability of the grid. The focus of this paper is on the district of Hammarby Sjöstad. Here, plans are set to switch from district heating to heat pumps. A previous study verified that this choice will cause overloadings on the electricity distribution grid. The present paper tackles this problem by proposing a new energy storage option. By considering the increasing share of electric vehicles, the potential of using the electricity stored in their batteries to support the grid is explored through technical performance simulations. The objective was to enable a bi-directional flow and use the electric vehicles’ (EVs)’ discharging to shave the peak demand caused by the heat pumps. It was found that this solution can eliminate overloadings up to 50%, with a 100% EV penetration. To overcome the mismatch between the availability of EVs and the overloadings’ occurrence, the minimum state of charge for discharging should be lower than 70%.
6
Bracco, Stefano, Federico Delfino, Michela Longo, and Silvia Siri. "Electric Vehicles and Storage Systems Integrated within a Sustainable Urban District Fed by Solar Energy." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (December 12, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9572746.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, an optimization model is defined for the design of a smart energy infrastructure integrating different technologies to satisfy the electrical demand of a given site. The considered smart energy infrastructure includes a photovoltaic plant, electrical storage systems, electric vehicles (EVs), and charging stations. The objective function of the optimization model considers the costs related to the installation and maintenance of the considered technologies, as well as the costs associated with the energy exchanges with the external grid. A very extensive numerical analysis is reported in the paper, referred to a test case in a real site in Liguria Region, in the north of Italy. Many scenarios are analyzed and discussed, with specific attention to evaluate the role of electric mobility within a smart energy infrastructure and a focus on EVs acting as mobile storage systems.
7
Xu, Dan, Wei Liu, Tao Wei, and Wei Zong. "Considering the Demand Side Response of Electric Vehicle to Grid." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When electric vehicles switch on power grid largely, it will impact on the operation of power system if there aren’t any management and control. This paper compared different characteristics of electric vehicles in charge and discharge from different regions. It divided the situations into three areas: residential area, commercial district, industrial zone; And established avoidable load model, transferable load model and combined load model based on different types of users. Through the analysis of the examples, verified that different load model can effect on loads from different regions, and finally concluded that, the models can play the role of “cut a peak to fill valley”. Therefore, it is very important to transfer part of the electro-demand from the peak period to low period through reasonable price guide.
8
Castillo-Calzadilla, Tony, Ainhoa Alonso-Vicario, Cruz E. Borges, and Cristina Martin. "E-Mobility in Positive Energy Districts." Buildings 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A rise in the number of EVs (electric vehicles) in Europe is putting pressure on power grids. At an urban scale, Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) are devised as archetypes of (small) urban districts managing a set of interconnected buildings and district elements (lighting system, vehicles, smart grid, etc.). This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the impact of e-mobility in a PED, simulated using MATLAB-Simulink software. The PED, a small district in northern Spain, is assessed in five scenarios representing varying requirements in terms of energy efficiency of buildings, type of street lighting and number of EVs. The results suggest that the energy rating of the buildings (ranging from A for the most efficient to E) conditions the annual energy balance. A PED with six interconnected buildings (3 residential and 3 of public use) and 405 EVs (as a baseline) only achieves positivity when the buildings have a high energy rating (certificate A or B). In the most efficient case (A-rated buildings), simulation results show that the PED can support 695 EVs; in other words, it can provide nearly 9 million green kilometres. This result represents a potential 71% saving in carbon emissions from e-mobility alone (as compared to the use of fossil-fuel vehicles), thus contributing a reduction in the carbon footprint of the district and the city as a whole.
9
Grkovic, Vojin, Dragoljub Zivkovic, and Milana Gutesa. "A new approach in CHP steam turbines thermodynamic cycles computations." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 2 (2012): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120503178g.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a new approach in mathematical modeling of thermodynamic cycles and electric power of utility district-heating and cogeneration steam turbines. The approach is based on the application of the dimensionless mass flows, which describe the thermodynamic cycle of a combined heat and power steam turbine. The mass flows are calculated relative to the mass flow to low pressure turbine. The procedure introduces the extraction mass flow load parameter ?h which clearly indicates the energy transformation process, as well as the cogeneration turbine design features, but also its fitness for the electrical energy system requirements. The presented approach allows fast computations, as well as direct calculation of the selected energy efficiency indicators. The approach is exemplified with the calculation results of the district heat power to electric power ratio, as well as the cycle efficiency, versus ?h. The influence of ?h on the conformity of a combined heat and power turbine to the grid requirements is also analyzed and discussed.
10
Liu, Cun Guo, Yu Peng Wang, Qing Ye, Tao Liu, Bai Chao Shu, Hao Yu, Shu Han Wang, and Jia Yong Chen. "Analytical Study on the Effect of Coordinated Application of Distributed Grid Connection and SVG on Wind Farms to Increase Power Quality in Fuxin Rural Power Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1028–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
power quality problems such as high line loss, low voltage exist commonly in rural power grid of China due to few supply points, long power transmission and distribution line. Huge fund is required to increase the quantity of supply points in rural power grid; installation of var compensators on line nodes could not solve power quality problems on the whole line. At the same time, as distributed power supply, wind power is also restricted by peak regulation, insufficient line output capacity and other factors in large scale centralized grid-connected output, wind curtailment often occurs. In order to solve the above-mentioned two problems simultaneously, electric power of wind farm may be output via nearby rural power grid line, thus not only utilization rate of wind power is increased, but also power quality of rural power grid is improved.This paper takes an example of a district in Fuxin City, summarizes power quality change data of relevant rural power grid before and after the distributed grid connection of wind farm is made, the analysis shows that distributed grid connection of wind power could improve load flow distribution of the power system, reduce system transmission loss in this district obviously, increase economical efficiency of the system operation effectively. At the same time, effectiveness of static var generator in substation to overcome the impact of such grid connection mode on power grid is verified.
11
Li, Wei, Yi Huang, and Fang Min Wang. "Research on Sitting Transformer Substations in Rural Areas Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1652.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The process of urbanization, Beijing faces a number of environmental problems. Especially in the last few years, there has been constantly sustained fog and haze, which makes the implementation of electric heating in rural areas gradually on the agenda. After the implementation of electric heating, the irrationality of the regional power grid layout will be further amplified. With the rapid growth of electricity load in the planning area, the requirement of the power supply grid reliability and power quality is also increasing. Therefore, on the basis of power load forecasting in consideration of the the electric heating, and based on the particularity of rural power network, we achieve the Huairou District substation site with the use of improved genetic algorithm. The results can provide reference for the selection of substation of the whole Beijing rural area.
12
Bolshev, V. E., A. V. Vinogradov, A. V. Vinogradova, A. V. Bukreev, and S. R. Khasanov. "Study of statistical data on the composition of electric distribution networks on the example of a Kaluga region district." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable operation of the power grid complex is impossible without reliable and high-quality operation of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks, which are the final link in the system for providing consumers with electric energy and are in direct interaction with a specific consumer. The study of statistical information on the composition of distribution networks makes it possible to draw conclusions about electrical network state, to implement recommendations for their development and to compare distribution electrical networks in different regions. This information is especially relevant for analyzing the reliability of power supply to consumers connected to the considered electrical distribution networks. Such indicators of network structure as the length of electric transmission lines of different voltages and power transmission schemes are studied. It also analyzes the number of damages in networks, the causes of these damages, data on the time of planned and emergency outages. This paper considers the structure of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks located on the territory of one of the districts of the Kaluga region. The sample for distribution networks was: 1190 overhead transmission lines and 536 transformer substations. Consumers in the district are 21671 subscribers of individuals and 1986 subscribers of legal entities, that is, a total of 23657 metering points. On the lines of 0.4 kV and 10 kV, the percentage of their isolated design was revealed. The share of single-transformer and two-transformer versions of transformer substations is analyzed.
13
Xu, Feng, Yuanchao Tao, Peng Qiu, Chao Ding, Yi Lu, Lebing Zhao, and Hongpei Qin. "Optimal operation of district heat-electric system considering multi-energy flexibility." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 983, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/983/1/012024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract With increasingly integration of the renewable energy, various uncertainties bring a severe challenge to the operation of the district heat-electric system (DHES). In order to enlarge the accommodation of renewable energy, this paper proposes an optimal operation method of integrated electricity and heat system considering the temporal-coupling feature of multi-energy flexibility. Firstly, the models of multi-energy devices are established to describe the energy conversion. The time delay of heat network is considered and the model of DHES is built as well. Then, considering the uncertainty of load, the time-related upward and downward flexibility constraints are established. The objective function of the optimal economic operation problem is formulated as three parts, including the purchasing price, the operation price, and the curtailment penalty of PV. Finally, a case study based on the IEEE 33-bus power distribution grid and 6-node district heating network is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the method.
14
Buffo, Giulio, Domenico Ferrero, Massimo Santarelli, and Andrea Lanzini. "Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (ReSOC) as flexible polygeneration plant integrated with CO2 capture and reuse." E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911302009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents the concept of a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (ReSOC) system localized in an urban residential district. The system is operated as a polygeneration plant that acts as interface between the electricity grid and the local micro-grid of the district. The ReSOC plant produces hydrogen via electrolysis during periods of low electricity demand (i.e., low-priced electricity). Hydrogen is used for multiple city needs: public mobility (H2 bus fleet), electricity production delivered to the micro-grid during peak-demand hours, and heat (accumulated in a storage) provided to the local district heating (DH) network. An additional option analyzed is the use of part of the H2 to produce DME using CO2 captured from biogas obtained from municipal solid wastes. The DME is used for fueling a fleet of trucks for the garbage collection in the residential district. A traditional CO2 removal process based on liquid MEA thermally integrated with the ReSOC system is studied. A time-resolved model interfaces the steady-state operating points with the thermal storage and the loads (electrical, H2 buses, DME trucks, heat), implementing constraints of thermal and H2 self-sufficiency on the system. Neglecting the DME option, the average daily roundtrip electric efficiency is about 38%, while the annual efficiency, which includes H2 mobility and thermal energy to DH, reaches 68%. When the DME option is considered, the thermal demand for CO2 removal and conversion process reduces the heat availability for DH, while the need for additional H2 for DME synthesis increases the electricity consumption for water electrolysis: both these phenomena imply a reduction of system efficiency (-9%) proportional to DME demand.
15
Straub, Florian, Simon Streppel, and Dietmar Göhlich. "Methodology for Estimating the Spatial and Temporal Power Demand of Private Electric Vehicles for an Entire Urban Region Using Open Data." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With continuous proliferation of private battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in urban regions, the demand for electrical energy and power is constantly increasing. Electrical grid infrastructure operators are facing the question of where and to what extent they need to expand their infrastructure in order to meet the additional demand. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop an activity-based mobility model that supports electrical grid operators in detecting and evaluating possible overloads within the electrical grid, deriving from the aforementioned electrification. We apply our model, which fully relies on open data, to the urban area of Berlin. In addition to a household travel survey, statistics on the population density, the degree of motorisation, and the household income in fine spatial resolution are key data sources for generation of the model. The results show that the spatial distribution of the BEV charging energy demand is highly heterogeneous. The demand per capita is higher in peripheral areas of the city, while the demand per m2 area is higher in the inner city. For reference areas, we analysed the temporal distribution of the BEV charging power demand, by assuming that the vehicles are solely charged at their residential district. We show that the households’ power demand peak in the evening coincide with the BEV power demand peak while the total power demand can increase up to 77.9%.
16
Schwaeppe, Henrik, Luis Böttcher, Klemens Schumann, Lukas Hein, Philipp Hälsig, Simon Thams, Paula Baquero Lozano, and Albert Moser. "Analyzing Intersectoral Benefits of District Heating in an Integrated Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning Model." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072314.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the field of sector integration, the expansion of district heating (DH) is traditionally discussed with regard to the efficient integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and excess heat. But does DH exclusively benefit from other sectors or does it offer advantages in return? So far, studies have investigated DH only as a closed system or determined intersectoral benefits in a highly aggregated approach. We use and expand an integrated generation and transmission expansion planning model to analyze how the flexibility of DH benefits the energy system and the power transmission grid in particular. First of all, the results confirm former investigations that show DH can be used for efficient RES integration. Total annual system cost can be decreased by expanding DH, due to low investment cost and added flexibility, especially from large-scale heat storage. The high short-term efficiency of heat storage—in combination with electric heating technologie —can be exploited to shift heat demand temporally and, using multiple distributed units, locally to solve electric grid congestion. Although it is unclear whether these results can be replicated in the real world, due to the aggregation and detail of the model, further research in this direction is justified.
17
Derii, V. O. "Economic efficiency of district heating systems’ heat generation technologies." Problems of General Energy 2021, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2021.02.021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new selection criterion of heat-generating technologies for the district heating systems (DHS) retrofit, Marginal Levelized Price of Energy (MLPOE), is proposed. MLPOE is the minimum weighted marginal price of thermal energy produced by the technological unit. MLPOE accounts for the costs and incomes of considered heat generation technologies and allows more accurate comparison among technologies that produce only one type of energy with multi-product technologies, e.g. cogeneration technologies and technologies that provide ancillary services to power systems in addition to only heat production. The calculations with the use of the proposed criterion of heat-generation technologies implementation into DHS during its retrofit are showed that: - the electric boilers are economically feasible since as they are capable to provide ancillary services in case of electrical supply failures. The implementation of an electric boiler with an installed capacity of about 10 MW requires 2 -3.5 times higher expenditures for its connection to the grid, which leads to a 2.5 - 5 times longer payback period, but electric boilers' MLPOE is more than 2 times less than the average in Ukraine (1265.8 UAH / Gcal); - the heat pumps usage in DHS is feasible if they are used for heat supply purposes only with the capability to provide ancillary services. The marginal price for ancillary services should be not less than 17.1 € / MWh (as of 2020); - the boilers burning natural gas due to the lowest specific investment costs and hence small payback period will be widely used during DHS retrofit under conditions of low-carbon development of Ukraine; - the biomass burning boilers and cogeneration units will not be widely used due to the limited fuel resource (biomass) and on stock areas. The capacities of 1 - 6 MW are estimated to be in operation for DHS; Gas-piston cogeneration units are economically feasible for daily power system regulation. At the same time, they provide the lowest minimum weighted average break-even price of thermal energy for the heat supply company. Keywords: Marginal Levelized Price of Energy, Levelised Cost of Energy, power system, electric loads, heat pumps, boilers, cogeneration, district heating system
18
Mikheev, Georgi M., Ayrat G. Ziganshin, and Dmitriy A. Mironov. "RATIO OF COMMERCIAL ELECTRICITY LOSSES IN POWER NETWORKS BEFORE AND AFTER INSTALLATION OF INTELLIGENT METERING DEVICES." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2021-1-86-98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relative losses of electric power during transmission and distribution in electric networks are considered in the paper. The components of commercial losses of electric power and their structure are given. From the presented data of technical and commercial losses of some areas of power networks of «ПАО «MRSK of Volga» – «Chuvashenergo» following the results of one month 2020, calculated with the use of «RAP-Standard» program according to the statements of power sales, it follows that total losses are from 11,6 to 17%. By the example of two sections of power grid companies of PAO MRSK of Volga – Chuvashenergo and the Republic of Tatarstan a comparison of commercial losses before and after the installation of intelligent power metering devices was made. It is estimated that the difference in electric power losses after installation of «smart» electric meters at both sites of the above mentioned enterprises was significantly reduced: at one site from 14 to 5.1%, and at the other – from 17.3 to 9.4%. It is shown that specific losses after installation of intellectual metering devices in Verkhneuslonsky district settlement of JSC «Grid Company» Buinskie Power Networks per one metering device decreased by 19.7%.
19
Toffanin, Riccardo, Paola Caputo, Marco Belliardi, and Vinicio Curti. "Low and Ultra-Low Temperature District Heating Equipped by Heat Pumps—An Analysis of the Best Operative Conditions for a Swiss Case Study." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093344.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The manuscript analyses the management of low and ultra-low-temperature district heating systems (DHS) coupled with centralised and decentralised heat pumps. Operative conditions are defined in order to satisfy the heating needs without overloading the electric grid. The results are achieved by dynamic simulations, based on a real DHS located in southern Switzerland. At the building level, the heating needs are estimated considering real data and simultaneous energy simulations. Two DHS configurations, alternatives to the existing one, are simulated and suitable parameters for the management of the DHS are selected. The global performance of the two DHS is evaluated by KPIs also including the flexibility and the impact on the electric peak due to heat pumps. The achieved results are discussed providing suggestions for the stakeholders involved in DHS management for an optimal matching of the electric grid and thermal networks towards a reduction of the peak power. The rule-based control strategies defined allow the expected electric peak shaving and load levelling, conversely, the yearly energy consumptions are lightly increased and have to be further investigated. The outcomes demonstrate a global better performance of the ultra-low temperature DHS in terms of response to the applied control strategies and of energy savings.
20
Ge, Qin, and Huan He. "Research on site selection of electric vehicle swap station based on actual data." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127101009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to facilitate users to switch batteries, starting from the trajectory of electric vehicles, rationally arrange the location of electric vehicle switch stations. First, determine the service radius of the swap station from the consideration of the driver's driving preference, the service target of the swap station and the cruising range of electric vehicles; secondly, use the grid method to divide the Jinjiang District into 42 sub-regions. Through the analysis of massive driving data, combined with power exchange demand and median center theory, the candidate site for the power exchange station in Jinjiang District was initially selected. Finally, the location allocation model is used to select the distribution of the replacement stations when the number of stations is the smallest and the coverage is the largest, and sensitivity analysis is carried out. The conclusion shows that: when the service radius is 3.03km, 12 substations can meet 93.21% of the points.
21
Balzamov, D. S., V. V. Bronskaya, A. A. Lubnina, Ch B. Minnegalieva, L. E. Khairullina, G. Z. Khabibullina, T. V. Ignashina, and O. S. Kharitonova. "Improving the reliability of the energy supply to the district boiler house." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 052033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Currently, measures are being worked out at generation facilities, in particular at district boiler houses, the implementation of which will increase the reliability of both individual elements of the system and the entire energy supply system as a whole, improve its technical and economic indicators, and achieve the target financial indices of the enterprise. As one of such measures, the article considers the ways of organizing a mini-TPP (thermal power plant) on the example of a large district boiler house for the purpose of energy supply for their own needs. This solution will increase the energy independence of the boiler house from the external network, reduce the cost of electricity consumption. The paper presents the results of a technical and economic analysis of options for organizing own generation, taking into account the actual operating conditions of the boiler house, linking the mini-TPP to the existing communications of boiler house, the impact of the joint operation of the mini-TPP and the boiler house on the sanitary zone. Based on the analysis of the loading graphs of the electric equipment of the boiler house, the required capacity of the gas engine generator plant and the place of its installation on the production site are determined. The operation of the gas engine generator plant involves the production of electric energy only for its own needs without issuing it to an external electrical network, in connection with which an automation system is provided that does not allow electricity to be issued to an external network. This restriction is related to the requirements of the technical specifications of the electric grid company.
22
Straub, Florian, Otto Maier, and Dietmar Göhlich. "Car-Access Attractiveness of Urban Districts Regarding Shopping and Working Trips for Usage in E-Mobility Traffic Simulations." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 11345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the continuous proliferation of private battery electric vehicles, the demand for electrical energy and power is constantly increasing. As a result, the electrical grid may need to be expanded. To plan for such expansion, information about the spatial distribution of the energy demand is necessary. This can be determined from e-mobility traffic simulations, where travel schedules of individuals are combined with an attractiveness rating of locations to estimate traffic flows. Typically, attractiveness is determined from the “size” of locations (e.g., number of employees or sales area), which is applicable when all modes of transportation are considered. This approach leads to inaccuracies for the estimation of car traffic flows, since the parking situation is neglected. To overcome these inaccuracies and fill this research gap, we have developed a method to determine the car-access attractiveness of districts for shopping and working trips. Our method consists of two steps. First, we determine the car-access attractiveness of buildings within a district based on the parking situation of each individual building and then aggregate the results at the district level. The approach is demonstrated for the city of Berlin. The results confirm that conventional models cannot be used to determine the car-access attractiveness of districts. According to these models, attractive districts are predominantly located in the city centre due to the large amount of sales areas or the large number of employees. However, due to the high density of buildings, only limited space is available for parking. Attractive districts rated according to our new approach are mainly located in the outer areas of the city and thus match the parking situation.
23
Abdur Rehman, Omais, Valeria Palomba, Andrea Frazzica, and Luisa F. Cabeza. "Enabling Technologies for Sector Coupling: A Review on the Role of Heat Pumps and Thermal Energy Storage." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 8195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, current and future energy systems need to be made more efficient and sustainable. This change can be accomplished by increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources and using efficient technologies in energy generation systems. One way to improve the operation of the whole energy system is through the generation and end-use sector coupling. Power-to-heat energy conversion and storage technologies, in this view, are enabling technologies that can help in balancing and improving the efficiency of both thermal and electric grids. In the present paper, a comprehensive analysis of the role of heat pumps and thermal energy storage for sector coupling is presented. The main features of the analyzed technologies are presented in the context of smart electric grid, district heating and cooling and multi-carrier energy systems, and recent findings and developments are highlighted. Finally, the technical, social, and economic challenges in the adoption of investigated technologies are discussed.
24
Croce, Vincenzo, Giuseppe Raveduto, Matteo Verber, and Denisa Ziu. "Combining Machine Learning Analysis and Incentive-Based Genetic Algorithms to Optimise Energy District Renewable Self-Consumption in Demand-Response Programs." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recent rise of renewable energy sources connected to the distribution networks and the high peak consumptions requested by electric vehicle-charging bring new challenges for network operators. To operate smart electricity grids, cooperation between grid-owned and third-party assets becomes crucial. In this paper, we propose a methodology that combines machine learning with multi-objective optimization to accurately plan the exploitation of the energy district’s flexibility with the objective of reducing peak consumption and avoiding reverse power flow. Using historical data, acquired by the smart meters deployed on the pilot district, the district’s power profile can be predicted daily and analyzed to identify potentially critical issues on the network. District’s resources, such as electric vehicles, charging stations, photovoltaic panels, buildings energy management systems, and energy storage systems, have been modeled by taking into account their operational constraints and the multi-objective optimization has been adopted to identify the usage pattern that better suits the distribution operator’s (DSO) needs. The district is subject to incentives and penalties based on its ability to respond to the DSO request. Analysis of the results shows that this methodology can lead to a substantial reduction of both the reverse power flow and peak consumption.
25
Li, Qionghui, Qingsong Zhao, Chenggang Liu, Wei Yuan, Yong Wang, Xiaoning Ye, Caixia Wang, and Liu Yang. "Research on Power Dispatching Modes Based on the Thermal Performance of District Heating System." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently in winter, there appears serious wind abandoning problem in “Three North” (Northeast, Northwest and North China) regions, and the peak regulation become much more difficult in electric power grid system. So the operation mode of cogeneration for electric peak-load regulation is discussed without energy storage system, which will lead to the fluctuation of heating load and the fluctuation of supply water temperature. In this article, two different power dispatching modes are put forward and the influence is analyzed. From the simulation result, the indoor air temperature amplitudes of the two modes just have slightly different. Return water temperature amplitude of the mode II is obviously smaller than mode I. Compared with the real-time power load of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, mode II is smoother than mode I, and the difference between real-time load and dispatching load of mode II is smaller than that of mode I.
26
Ochoa, Yonatan, Jhon Rodriguez, and Fredy Martinez. "Low cost regulation and load control system for low power wind turbine." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 10, no. 28 (2017): 1391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ces.2017.79111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context: Electric power generation systems designed as a point solution to supply needs away from the power grid typically make use of the energy resources available in the area. These systems are custom designed to supply a specific need, and with high efficiency criteria in mind. A fundamental element in these systems are the batteries charge and control circuits. Method: The regulation system was designed for the wind turbine prototype of the Francisco Jos de Caldas District University, campus of the Technological Faculty, and considering its use in low-income housing. The module has three intermediate stages of regulation: rectification and conditioning, DC/DC regulation and battery charging, and voltage inversion. Results: We achieved a prototype of high efficiency, low cost and high performance in laboratory tests. Conclusions: The load control and regulation system is a low-cost, high-performance alternative to solve problems of supplying electric power in non-interconnected areas of the Colombian power grid.
27
Iov, Florin, Mahmood Khatibi, and Jan Dimon Bendtsen. "On the Participation of Power-To-Heat Assets in Frequency Regulation Markets—A Danish Case Study." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 4608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the new green energy policies, district heating companies are being increasingly encouraged to exploit power-to-heat assets, e.g., heat pumps and electric boilers, in their distribution networks besides the traditional central combined heat and power units. The increased utilization of these assets will generate a more complex interaction between power distribution grids and district heating networks including markets for provision of ancillary services. Enabling the participation of power-to-heat units in the ancillary service markets, e.g., frequency reserves, may increase the revenue streams for assets’ owners. However, some technical challenges must first be addressed, including optimization of portfolios of assets that accounts for ancillary service markets, new coordination and operational schemes for portfolio of assets, increase data exchange and interactions with transmission system operators, and new local control schemes for units. This paper proposes a systematic model based design approach for assessment of provision of frequency regulation by power-to-heat assets using the smart grid architecture model. The proposed approach is demonstrated in a Real-Time Control Hardware-in-the-Loop laboratory environment.
28
Sick, Friedrich, and Ralph Füger. "BUILDINGS AS ACTIVE COMPONENTS FOR GRID STABILITY." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 4 (November 2017): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.4.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A successful energy transition depends on storage options in order to ensure power supply stability under a fluctuating generation of a growing share of renewable energies (RE). Battery storage is expensive and raw material intensive and therefore not suitable as a sole solution. Surplus electricity may easily be converted to heat, which can be stored inexpensively for a short term. With such simple Power-to-Heat or P2H solutions, lack of electric power cannot be offset by conventional heat storage. However, if a building or an urban quarter is heated by means of cogeneration, so-called Combined Heat and Power (CHP), or heat pumps (HP), the operation can be adjusted in such a way, that the building itself, i.e. its massive structure, serves as heat storage. Electricity generation and consumption is adjusted to the requirements of the grid (reactive power control). For the supply of a Berlin quarter, built in the 1950s and equipped with a district heating network and a CHP plant, the feasibility of the concept could be proved using dynamic building simulation as the analysis tool. Sixteen percent of the total heating consumption may useably be stored and extracted from the building structure. In absolute numbers: 73 MWh/a heat can be buffered corresponding to 34 MWh/a balancing electricity. For each square meter of living area, 3.7 kWh electrical balancing energy can be buffered in the building's thermal storage capacity. Nothing else is required than a re-programming of heating and possibly cooling controls. No capital investment is needed. Well insulated and more massive structures could show a proportion of 27% of such shifted heat.
29
Calise, Francesco, Francesco Liberato Cappiello, Massimo Dentice d'Accadia, and Maria Vicidomini. "Smart grid energy district based on the integration of electric vehicles and combined heat and power generation." Energy Conversion and Management 234 (April 2021): 113932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.113932.
Повний текст джерела
30
Nagano, Naoya, Rémi Delage, and Toshihiko Nakata. "Optimal Design and Analysis of Sector-Coupled Energy System in Northeast Japan." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102823.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As for research on sector-coupled energy systems, few studies comprehensively deal with energy carriers and energy demand sectors. Moreover, few studies have analyzed energy conversion functions such as Power-to-Gas, Power-to-Heat, and Vehicle-to-Grid on the energy system performance. This study clarifies the required renewable resources and costs in the sector-coupled energy system and cost-optimal installed capacity and operation. We formulated an optimization model considering sector coupling and conducted a case study applying the model in the Tohoku region. As a result, due to sector coupling, the total primary energy supply (TPES) is expected to decrease, and system costs are expected to increase from 1.8 to 2.4 times the current level. System costs were minimized when maximizing the use of V2G by electric vehicles and district heating systems (DHS). From the hourly analysis, it becomes clear that the peak cut effect by Power-to-Heat and the peak shift effect by Vehicle-to-Grid result in leveling the output of electrolyzer and fuel synthesizer, which improves the capacity factor reducing capacity addition. Since a large amount of renewable energy is required to realize the designed energy system, it is necessary to reduce the energy demand mainly in the industrial sector. Besides, in order to reduce costs, it is required to utilize electric vehicles by V2G and provide policy support for district heating systems in Japan.
31
Cappiello, Francesco Liberato, Luca Cimmino, Marialuisa Napolitano, and Maria Vicidomini. "Thermoeconomic Analysis of Biomethane Production Plants: A Dynamic Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105744.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work analyses the two most diffused technologies for biogas upgrading, namely water scrubbing and membrane separation. In order to carry out such analysis, these two technologies are coupled with photovoltaic panels and an electric energy storage system. The optimal water scrubbing renewable plant achieves a primary energy saving of 5.22 GWh/year and an operating cost saving of 488 k€/year, resulting in the best plant. It was compared to a reference system based on a cogenerator unit, directly supplied by biogas, producing thermal and electric energy, and delivered to the district heating network and to the electric grid. The profitability of both plants depends on the electric energy and biomethane exporting price. The proposed bigas upgrading plant achieves a payback period lower than 10 years with a biomethane selling price greater than 0.55 €/Sm3 and a primary energy saving index around 25–30% with a null share of thermal energy exported by the cogeneration plant.
32
Kiros, Solomon, Baseem Khan, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Hassan Haes Alhelou, Zbigniew Leonowicz, Om Prakash Mahela, and Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen. "Development of Stand-Alone Green Hybrid System for Rural Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 3808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093808.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the tremendous efforts exhibited by various utilities around the world during the past few years, there are still exceedingly many remote regions unreached by the electrical grid. For those regions, the enormous available potential of renewable energy resources is believed to be useful for the development of a stand-alone power supply system. This paper presents the modeling of a stand-alone hybrid system for the remote area of Ethiopia. A comparison of the economic performance of various scenarios of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV)-wind hybrid system, with battery storage and diesel as a backup for electrifying remote rural areas, is presented. Therefore, a practical example, Kutur village of Awlio kebele of the Axum district, Ethiopia (which is 30 km away from the closest national grid) is considered for this research. Two electric load scenarios are estimated by considering the set of incandescent and efficient lamps for lighting for the 120 existing households. The above-mentioned solar radiation and wind speed are then used as an input to simulate the hybrid set-up for the high and low load estimation using HOMER software. The simulation result shows that the net present costs (NPC) corresponding to the high and low load scenarios is $262,470 and $180,731, respectively. Besides, an essential load forecasting is performed to see the effect of the increase in electric demand of the community on the required investment to install a stand-alone hybrid set-up. The NPC after load forecasting is found to be more than three folds of the NPC required for the reference year. In both cases, the simulation results indicate that using a stand-alone PV-wind hybrid system with battery storage and a diesel generator as a backup for electrifying Kutur village is cost-effective and comparable against the cost required for electrifying the village by extending the grid.
33
Sánchez-Jacob, Eduardo, Andrés González-García, Javier Mazorra, Pedro Ciller, Julio Lumbreras, and José Ignacio Pérez-Arriaga. "Joint Optimal Planning of Electricity and Modern Energy Cooking Services Access in Nyagatare." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 4093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2019, there were 759 million people globally without access to electricity and 2.6 billion people lacked access to clean cooking. Cooking with electricity could contribute to achieving universal access to energy by 2030. This paper uses geospatially-based techniques—a computer model named REM, for Reference Electrification Model—to show the impact of integrating electric cooking into electrification planning. Three household scenarios were analyzed: one for providing basic electricity access with no electric cooking; another for cooking with electricity; and the third for cooking half of the meals with electricity and half with another fuel, with a clean stacking process. Results of the application of REM to the three scenarios were obtained for the Nyagatare District, Rwanda. The case study showed that electric cooking substantially changes the mix of technologies and the total cost of the least-cost electrification plan. It also showed that electric cooking can be cost competitive compared to LPG and charcoal in grid-connected households and can reduce greenhouse emissions. Stacking with energy-efficient electric appliances provides most of the benefits of full electric cooking at a lower cost and is a pathway worthy of further consideration.
34
Zhao, Wen Qing, Fei Wang, and Dong Xiao Niu. "The Application of the Improved Verhulst Model in Mid-Long Term Load Forecasting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1322.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mid-long term electric load forecasting provide essential data for the grid planning, it is helpful to optimize the planning of the power system. According to such features in mid-long term forecasting as small samples, poor information, uncertainty and nonlinearity, we can use the verhulst model in the grey system to do the forecasting. But in thinking of the differences of the sampling and the variations of the original sequence, the verhulst can’t do the forecasting exactly. So, through the method of doing equal-interval quantization and reforming the background value to the original sequence, we have established the improved verhulst model. The improved model is applied to the electric load prediction of one district and the accuracy of the min-long term load forecasting can be enhanced by our model.
35
Maninnerby, Bergerland, Lazarou, and Theocharis. "Electric Vehicle Penetration in Distribution Network: A Swedish Case Study." Applied System Innovation 2, no. 3 (June 28, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi2030019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to simulate the use of renewable energy in the form of different energy sources, such as solar cells, district heating, and in the presence of battery storage and for high penetration of electric vehicles in a typical Swedish power grid. The EnergyPLAN software is used. The purpose is to examine the demands in order to cope with the needs that may arise and to create a better understanding of how renewable energy affects the power balance and future investments in the case of a typical Swedish distribution system. The importance of this research is mainly based on the fact that it represents a real network, as it operates today, which is analyzed using the expected electric vehicle penetration. The aim is to investigate the expansion needs for maintaining the current quality for service despite the addition of new loads. In addition, the regional and national special regulatory and operational requirements are taken into account and described in this work.
36
Michaelides, Efstathios E. "Thermal Storage for District Cooling—Implications for Renewable Energy Transition." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 7317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The utilization of air conditioning in public and private buildings is continuously increasing globally and is one of the major factors fueling the growth of the global electricity demand. The higher utilization of renewable energy sources and the transition of the electricity-generating industry to renewable energy sources requires significant energy storage in order to avoid supply–demand mismatches. This storage-regeneration process entails dissipation, which leads to higher energy generation loads. Both the energy generation and the required storage may be reduced using thermal energy storage to provide domestic comfort in buildings. The development and utilization of thermal storage, achieved by chilled water, in a community of two thousand buildings located in the North Texas region are proven to have profound and beneficial effects on the necessary infrastructure to make this community independent of the grid and self-sufficient with renewable energy. The simulations show that both the necessary photovoltaics rating and the capacity of the electric energy storage system are significantly reduced when thermal storage with a chilled water system is used during the air conditioning season.
37
Gao, Yue, Chao Fang, and Jing Zhang. "A Spatial Analysis of Smart Meter Adoptions: Empirical Evidence from the U.S. Data." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing demand on grid modernization for improving environmental sustainability and grid security, the topic of smart meter adoption has attracted much attention, especially with regard to the roles of public policies. However, there is a lack of research investigating the association between the multi-layered government policies and smart meter adoption from a spatial perspective to explain the variant adoption rates across the United States. This study constructs a panel of 48 contiguous U.S. states and the District of Columbia over the period 2007–2019. Using this unique dataset and spatial econometric models, we investigate the impacts of federal and state policies as well as spatial spillover effects of smart meter adoption in the residential sector. Results indicate the following: (1) Smart meter adoption has spatial spillover effects between the adjacent states in a sense that the rate of adoption in one state is positively associated with adoption rates in the neighboring states; (2) federal funding and state-level legislative actions on advanced metering and smart grid have positive impacts on smart meter adoption. These findings provide important implications for the formulation and implementation of public policies for the adoption of a modern electric grid in the U.S.
38
Buffa, Simone, Anton Soppelsa, Mauro Pipiciello, Gregor Henze, and Roberto Fedrizzi. "Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Substations: Demand Response with Artificial Neural Network-Based Model Predictive Control." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 4339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
District heating and cooling (DHC) is considered one of the most sustainable technologies to meet the heating and cooling demands of buildings in urban areas. The fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) concept, often referred to as ambient loops, is a novel solution emerging in Europe and has become a widely discussed topic in current energy system research. 5GDHC systems operate at a temperature close to the ground and include electrically driven heat pumps and associated thermal energy storage in a building-sited energy transfer station (ETS) to satisfy user comfort. This work presents new strategies for improving the operation of these energy transfer stations by means of a model predictive control (MPC) method based on recurrent artificial neural networks. The results show that, under simple time-of-use utility rates, the advanced controller outperforms a rule-based controller for smart charging of the domestic hot water (DHW) thermal energy storage under specific boundary conditions. By exploiting the available thermal energy storage capacity, the MPC controller is capable of shifting up to 14% of the electricity consumption of the ETS from on-peak to off-peak hours. Therefore, the advanced control implemented in 5GDHC networks promotes coupling between the thermal and the electric sector, producing flexibility on the electric grid.
39
Lovati, Marco, Pei Huang, Carl Olsmats, Da Yan, and Xingxing Zhang. "Agent Based Modelling of a Local Energy Market: A Study of the Economic Interactions between Autonomous PV Owners within a Micro-Grid." Buildings 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban Photovoltaic (PV) systems can provide large fractions of the residential electric demand at socket parity (i.e., a cost below the household consumer price). This is obtained without necessarily installing electric storage or exploiting tax funded incentives. The benefits of aggregating the electric demand and renewable output of multiple households are known and established; in fact, regulations and pilot energy communities are being implemented worldwide. Financing and managing a shared urban PV system remains an unsolved issue, even when the profitability of the system as a whole is demonstrable. For this reason, an agent-based modelling environment has been developed and is presented in this study. It is assumed that an optimal system (optimized for self-sufficiency) is shared between 48 households in a local grid of a positive energy district. Different scenarios are explored and discussed, each varying in number of owners (agents who own a PV system) and their pricing behaviour. It has been found that a smaller number of investors (i.e., someone refuse to join) provokes an increase of the earnings for the remaining investors (from 8 to 74% of the baseline). Furthermore, the pricing strategy of an agent shows improvement potential without knowledge of the demand of others, and thus it has no privacy violations.
40
Santoso, Asfari Hariz, Ahmad Hermawan, and Muhammad Azam Wian Panantuan. "Studi Perencanaan Penerangan Jalan Umum Panel Surya di Kelurahan Gading Kasri Kecamatan Klojen." ELPOSYS: Jurnal Sistem Kelistrikan 8, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/elposys.v8i1.29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Malang City is a city that has an increasing need for electrical energy in the technological era, which today is very much needed in fulfilling daily life, both for household, social and industrial needs. One of them is the supply of electrical energy for Public Street Lighting (PJU). If you only rely on the supply of electrical energy from grid, this is a heavy burden that must be borne by the Malang City Regional Budget to pay the electric energy consumption bill for the PJU. This study aims to determine the comparison of the use of conventional PJU with solar powered PJU (PJUTS) in the area of Gading Kasri Village, Klojen District, Malang City both in terms of technical installations which include solar panels, batteries, and charger controllers as well as from an economic point of view. That shines for 5 hours every day, the solar panel power specifications are 240 Wp with 37 points of light. Budget calculations using the ACS (Annual cost system) which is obtained in the 16th year the difference from the initial investment costs and revenue from sales met at BEP (break event point) amounting to Rp. 256,761,376.00.
41
Kampelis, Nikos, Elisavet Tsekeri, Dionysia Kolokotsa, Kostas Kalaitzakis, Daniela Isidori, and Cristina Cristalli. "Development of Demand Response Energy Management Optimization at Building and District Levels Using Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Network Modelling Power Predictions." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Demand Response (DR) is a fundamental aspect of the smart grid concept, as it refers to the necessary open and transparent market framework linking energy costs to the actual grid operations. DR allows consumers to directly or indirectly participate in the markets where energy is being exchanged. One of the main challenges for engaging in DR is associated with the initial assessment of the potential rewards and risks under a given pricing scheme. In this paper, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimisation model, using Artificial Neural Network (ΑΝΝ) power predictions for day-ahead energy management at the building and district levels, is proposed. Individual building and building group analysis is conducted to evaluate ANN predictions and GA-generated solutions. ANN-based short term electric power forecasting is exploited in predicting day-ahead demand, and form a baseline scenario. GA optimisation is conducted to provide balanced load shifting and cost-of-energy solutions based on two alternate pricing schemes. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for assessing DR load shifting options based on a Time of Use pricing scheme. Through the analysis of the results, the practical benefits and limitations of the proposed approach are addressed.
42
Wang, Tong Bin, Hai Peng Wang, Peng Xiao, Yi Qing Luan, and Li Li. "Substation Inspection Robot Crawler Obstacle-Navigation Platform Complex Environment Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (September 2013): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.65.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
state grid electric power robotics laboratory has developed four generations of substation inspection robot, but large scope of substation outdoor and route of road surface condition is complex, the application of inspection robot produced strong constraints, the inspection robot under complex road conditions of obstacle ability put forward higher request. Through this study design of crawler obstacle-navigation platform enhances the obstacle negotiation ability, enable it to adapt to complex terrain conditions. Adopt six crawler structure, can cross the road the road opposite sides-to hold the substation, obstacles such as cable trench cover plate, and good stability, not easy to roll over, to the district of equipment to test the equipment, improve the ability of task. Key words: caterpillar; The obstacle-surmounting platform; Inspection; The robot
43
Ye, Bin, Minhua Zhou, Dan Yan, and Yin Li. "Multi-Objective Decision-Making for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Cities: A Case Study of Xiongan New District in China." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 6223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The application of renewable energy has become increasingly widespread worldwide because of its advantages of resource abundance and environmental friendliness. However, the deployment of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) varies greatly from city to city due to large differences in economic endurance, social acceptance and renewable energy endowment. Urban policymakers thus face great challenges in promoting local clean renewable energy utilization. To address these issues, this paper proposes a combined multi-objective optimization method, and the specific process of this method is described as follows. The Hybrid Optimization Model for electric energy was first used to examine five different scenarios of renewable energy systems. Then, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution was applied using eleven comprehensive indicators to determine the best option for the target area using three different weights. To verify the feasibility of this method, Xiongan New District (XND) was selected as an example to illustrate the process of selecting the optimal HRES. The empirical results of simulation tools and multi-objective decision-making show that the Photovoltaic-Diesel-Battery off-grid energy system (option III) and PV-Diesel-Hydrogen-Battery off-grid energy system (option V) are two highly feasible schemes for an HRES in XND. The cost of energy for these two options is 0.203 and 0.209 $/kWh, respectively, and the carbon dioxide emissions are 14,473 t/yr and 345 t/yr, respectively. Our results provide a reference for policymakers in deploying an HRES in the XND area.
44
Pradhan, Ajoya Kumar, Mahendra Kumar Mohanty, and Sanjeeb Kumar Kar. "Techno-economic Evaluation of Stand-alone Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Remote Village Using HOMER-pro Software." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i2.pp73-88.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The off-grid hybrid renewable energy generation system has lesser cost of energy with higher reliability when compared with solar Photovoltaic (PV) or wind energy system individually. The optimization design is worked out by reducing the Unit Cost Of Energy (UCOE) for different case studies and comparing the outcomes obtained by the use of HOMER-Pro (hybrid optimization model of electric renewable) software. The optimal cash flow analysis of hybrid energy system is based on the load patterns is discussed, solar irradiance (kW/m2) of site at proper latitude and longitude, wind speed and price of diesel, which is collected from a remote village in Khurda District, Odisha in India. Moreover, the optimization and sensitivity results of the system are find out by varying the input parameters like solar radiation, wind speed etc.
45
Pradhan, Ajoya Kumar, Mahendra Kumar Mohanty, and Sanjeeb Kumar Kar. "Techno-Economic Evaluation of Stand-alone Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Remote Village Using HOMER-Pro Software." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i2.pp74-89.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The off-grid hybrid renewable energy generation system has lesser cost of energy with higher reliability when compared with solar photovoltaic (PV) or wind energy system individually. The optimization design is worked out by reducing the unit cost of energy (UCOE) for different case studies and comparing the outcomes obtained by the use of HOMER-Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model of Electric Renewable) software. The optimal cash flow analysis of hybrid energy system is based on the load patterns is discussed, solar irradiance (kW/m2) of site at proper latitude and longitude, wind speed and price of diesel, which is collected from a remote village in Khurda District, Odisha in India. Moreover, the optimization and sensitivity results of the system are find out by varying the input parameters like solar radiation, wind speed etc.
46
Alayi, Reza, Alibakhsh Kasaeian, Atabak Najafi, and Eskandar Jamali. "Optimization and evaluation of a wind, solar and fuel cell hybrid system in supplying electricity to a remote district in national grid." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-04-2019-0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The important factors, which should be considered in the design of a hybrid system of photovoltaic and wind energy are discussed in this study. The current load demand for electricity, as well as the load profile of solar radiation and wind power of the specified region chosen in Iran, is the basis of design and optimization in this study. Hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software was used to simulate and optimize hybrid energy system technically and economically. Design/methodology/approach HOMER software was used to simulate and optimize hybrid energy system technically and economically. Findings The maximum radiation intensity for the study area is 7.95 kwh/m2/day for July and the maximum wind speed for the study area is 11.02 m/s for January. Originality/value This research is the result of the original studies.
47
Fitó, Jaume, Neha Dimri, and Julien Ramousse. "Improving Thermoeconomic and Environmental Performance of District Heating via Demand Pooling and Upscaling." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 18, 2021): 8546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study evaluates the effects of pooling heat demands in a district for the purpose of upscaling heat production units by means of energy, exergy, economic, exergoeconomic, and environmental indicators, as well as the sensitivity to investment and fuel costs. The following production systems to satisfy the heat demands (domestic hot water production and space heating) of a mixed district composed of office (80%), residential (15%), and commercial (5%) buildings are considered: gas- and biomass-fired boilers, electric boilers and heat pumps (grid-powered or photovoltaic -powered), and solar thermal collectors. For comparison, three system sizing approaches are examined: at building scale, at sector scale (residential, office, and commerce), or at district scale. For the configurations studied, the upscaling benefits were up to 5% higher efficiency (energy and exergy), there was lower levelized cost of heat for all systems (between 20% and 54%), up to 55% lower exergy destruction costs, and up to 5% greater CO2 mitigations. In conclusion, upscaling and demand pooling tend to improve specific efficiencies, reduce specific costs, reduce total investment through the peak power sizing method, and mitigate temporal mismatch in solar-driven systems. Possible drawbacks are additional heat losses due to the distribution network and reduced performance in heat pumps due to the higher temperatures required. Nevertheless, the advantages outweigh the drawbacks in most cases.
48
Vannoni, Alberto, Alessandro Sorce, Alberto Traverso, and Aristide Fausto Massardo. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123803003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The heating and cooling sector, responsible for a large fraction of greenhouse emissions, may have a large scale impact on the energy system evolution contributing to smart industrial and domestic electrification; at the same time the recent increase of renewable energy sources installation, posing a threat in terms of grid stability, makes available a considerable amount of clean and cheap electrical energy during peak hours production. Power to heat technologies constitute a promising solution to face both these issues reducing the electric demand variability and decarbonizing the heat production. Large vapor compression heat pumps are a reliable technology able to compete, under the economic point of view, with the heat-only-boilers in order to serve district heating networks. Performance and economic profitability of a compression cycle is strongly dependent on available thermal source and the temperature of water delivered to the network. The present work explores and compares performance and economic indicators under different installation conditions, considering compression heat pumps employing four different fluids: a traditional HCF (R134a) and three natural fluids, ammonia (R717), butane (R600), and propane (R290), often preferred nowadays to HCFs due to the lower global warming potential.
49
Arens, Stefan, Sunke Schlüters, Benedikt Hanke, Karsten von Maydell, and Carsten Agert. "Sustainable Residential Energy Supply: A Literature Review-Based Morphological Analysis." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The decarbonization of the energy system will bring substantial changes, from supranational regions to residential sites. This review investigates sustainable energy supply, applying a multi-sectoral approach from a residential site perspective, especially with focus on identifying crucial, plausible factors and their influence on the operation of the system. The traditionally separated mobility, heat, and electricity sectors are examined in more detail with regard to their decarbonization approaches. For every sector, available technologies, demand, and future perspectives are described. Furthermore, the benefits of cross-sectoral integration and technology coupling are examined, besides challenges to the electricity grid due to upcoming technologies, such as electric vehicles and heat pumps. Measures such as transport mode shift and improving building insulation can reduce the demand in their respective sector, although their impact remains uncertain. Moreover, flexibility measures such as Power to X or vehicle to grid couple the electricity sector to other sectors such as the mobility and heat sectors. Based on these findings, a morphological analysis is conducted. A morphological box is presented to summarize the major characteristics of the future residential energy system and investigate mutually incompatible pairs of factors. Lastly, the scenario space is further analyzed in terms of annual energy demand for a district.
50
Roselli, Carlo, Elisa Marrasso, and Maurizio Sasso. "Gas Engine-Driven Heat Pumps for Small-Scale Applications: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164845.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gas engine-driven heat pumps are an interesting option to satisfy space heating and cooling demands aiming at energy saving, environmental impact and operating costs’ reduction. This work presents (i) a comprehensive review updated on gas engine-driven heat pumps research activities, (ii) the investigation of the central role of this technology in the air conditioning sector and (iii) the future perspectives regarding gas engine heat pumps’ diffusion in the context of the energy sector decarbonisation. The outcomes highlight that gas engine heat pumps could have better environmental performance compared to electric heat pumps both in heating and cooling operations. Moreover, they could play a pivotal role in the fight against climate change and energy security since they can guarantee an energy mix differentiation moving from electricity to natural gas and renewable gases’ usage. Indeed, by 2030, a lower-carbon gas grid could be supported by renewable gases. A further investigation has concerned diffusion of gas heat pumps activated from biofuels produced by local biomass in an energy community scenario based on a low-temperature energy district network. A novel biomass-based GEHP interacting with a low-temperature district heating network is proposed here. This system could save more than 30% of primary energy compared to biomass-fuelled boilers.