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1
Wang, Guan, Chao Qin, Yan Li Huang, and Zhong Fu Tan. "Coal Transportation Network Optimization Model Based on Power Source Distribution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.918.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coal is the important fuel and industrial raw materials in my country, and it accounts for 70% of total energy production and consumption in our country, and power plants’ coal consumption accounts for more than half of national total coal consumption. The research of electric-coal supply chain related to coal production place, coal transit place and consumption place (power plant). Due to there are many nodes like these three kinds coal transportation in the market, so the project that integrates every nodes into unified transportation optimization network has the function of reducing coal consumption and saving transportation costs. The paper constructs coal transportation analysis model, electric-coal supply and transportation path dynamic optimization model based on electric-coal transportation network analysis, and make effective analysis for choosing electric-coal transportation path. The paper also puts forward electric-coal supply chain optimization measures from electric-coal supply chain integration and ports building.
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Duan, Li Qiang, Xiang Pan, Ke Xin Huang, and Yong Ping Yang. "Energy Consumption Distribution Research of a 600MW Supercritical Power Plant under Various Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To identify the potential of energy conversation in power units, the energy consumption distribution model of supercritical power generation unit under various conditions are established based on a 600MW supercritical power generation system. Methods of unit energy consumption are applied and the total additional energy consumption is calculated under various loads, which varies from 30% TMCR load to full TMCR load. The energy consumption distribution of every heater in the boiler, cylinders of the turbine and the whole plant unit are analyzed. And the distribution rules of energy consumption of various conditions are revealed. The effects of key parameters on unit energy consumption are also investigated.
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TAWFIK, SHERIF A., and VOLKAN KURSUN. "CLOCK DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS WITH GRADUAL SIGNAL TRANSITION TIME RELAXATION FOR REDUCED POWER CONSUMPTION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 06 (December 2008): 1173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004824.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Clock distribution network consumes a significant portion of the total chip power since the clock signal has the highest activity factor and drives the largest capacitive load in a synchronous integrated circuit. A new methodology is proposed in this paper for buffer insertion and sizing in an H-tree clock distribution network. The objective of the algorithm is to minimize the total power consumption while satisfying the maximum acceptable clock transition time constraints at the leaves of the clock distribution network for maintaining high performance. The new methodology employs nonuniform buffer insertion and progressive relaxation of the transition time requirements from the leaves to the root of the clock distribution network. The proposed algorithm provides up to 30% savings in the total power consumption without sacrificing clock skew as compared to a standard algorithm with uniform buffer insertion aimed at maintaining uniform transition time constraints at all the nodes of a clock tree in a 180 nm CMOS technology.
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CHAO, KAI-YUAN, and D. F. WONG. "FLOORPLAN DESIGN WITH LOW POWER CONSIDERATIONS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 07, no. 02 (June 1996): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915649600013x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a floorplanner for low power design is presented. Our objective is to optimize total power consumption and area during the selection and placement of various implementations for circuit modules. Furthermore, the proposed method considers performance requirements, power line noises, and distribution of power consumption in order to generate lower and evenly distributed power dissipation over the resulting circuit floorplan with a specified performance. For a set of benchmark circuits we tested, on the average, our floorplanner can achieve decreases of total power consumption, wire-length, and power/ground network size by 18.3%, 4.6%, and 24%, respectively, at the cost of an area increase of 8.8% when compared with an existing area/wire-length driven floorplanner.
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Wang, Di, Guo Zhong Sun, and Xu Guang Jia. "Dynamic Change and Sector Distribution of Export-Derived Energy Consumption in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 4193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.4193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dynamic change and pattern of export derived energy consumption during 2002-2010 in China was calculated and analyzed. The proportion of export derived energy consumption to total energy consumption of China showed a converted V pattern. The direct energy consumption from metallurgical and chemical industries accounts for a large proportion in the total direct energy consumption of china's export. Although the proportion of direct energy consumption from equipment industry is relatively small, its proportion of embodied energy consumption is high due to its long industry chain and high input of energy-intensive intermediate. In order to reduce the direct and embodied energy consumption from the export of equipment industry, modern technologies and effective management methods should be adopted to upgrade and enhance the total industry. Additionally, measures should be taken to reduce the energy consumption of its related up-stream's industries such as metallurgy and power industry. Keywords. Embodied energy, export, dynamic change, sector distribution, China
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Devarapalli, Hari Prasad, V. S. S. Siva Sarma Dhanikonda, and Sitarama Brahmam Gunturi. "Non-Intrusive Identification of Load Patterns in Smart Homes Using Percentage Total Harmonic Distortion." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 6, 2020): 4628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184628.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Demand Response (DR) plays a vital role in a smart grid, helping consumers plan their usage patterns and optimize electricity consumption and also reduce harmonic pollution in a distribution grid without compromising on their needs. The first step of DR is the disaggregation of loads and identifying them individually. The literature suggests that this is accomplished through electric features. Present-day households are using modern power electronic-based nonlinear loads such as LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps, electronic regulators and digital controllers to reduce the electricity consumption. Furthermore, usage of SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply) for computing and mobile phone chargers is increasing in every home. These nonlinear loads, while reducing electricity consumption, also introduce harmonic pollution into the distribution grid. This article presents a deterministic approach to the non-intrusive identification of load patterns using percentage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for DR management from a Power Quality perspective. The percentage THD of various combinations of loads is estimated by enhanced dual-spectrum line interpolated FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) with a four-term minimal side-lobe window using a LabVIEW-based hardware setup in real time. The results demonstrate that percentage THD identifies a different combination of loads effectively and advocates alternate load combinations for recommending to the consumer to reduce harmonic pollution in the distribution grid.
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Cardot, Hervé, Anne De Moliner, and Camelia Goga. "Conditional Bias Robust Estimation of the Total of Curve Data by Sampling in a Finite Population: An Illustration on Electricity Load Curves." Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology 8, no. 3 (May 9, 2019): 453–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smz009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract For marketing or power grid management purposes, many studies based on the analysis of total electricity consumption curves of groups of customers are now carried out by electricity companies. Aggregated totals or mean load curves are estimated using individual curves measured at fine time grid and collected according to some sampling design. Due to the skewness of the distribution of electricity consumptions, these samples often contain outlying curves which may have an important impact on the usual estimation procedures. We introduce several robust estimators of the total consumption curve which are not sensitive to such outlying curves. These estimators are based on the conditional bias approach and robust functional methods. We also derive mean square error estimators of these robust estimators, and finally, we evaluate and compare the performance of the suggested estimators on Irish electricity data.
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JUNG, INHWA, MOO-YOUNG KIM, and CHULWOO KIM. "SPTPL: A NEW PULSED LATCH TYPE FLIP-FLOP IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE SYSTEM-ON-A-CHIP (SoC)." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 16, no. 02 (April 2007): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126607003472.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In many VLSI chips, the power dissipation of the clocking system that includes clock distribution network and flip-flops is often the largest portion of total chip power consumption. In the near future, this portion is likely to dominate total chip power consumption due to higher clock frequency and deeper pipeline design trend. Traditionally, two approaches have been used: (1) to reduce power consumption in the clock tree, several low-swing clock flip-flops and double-edge flip-flops have been introduced; (2) to reduce power consumption in flip-flops, conditional capture, clock-on-demand, data-transition look-ahead techniques have been developed. Recently, pulsed latch type flip-flops are introduced in several high-performance microprocessors to reduce E × D. In this paper, these flip-flops are described with their pros and cons. Then, a new circuit technique is described along with simulation results. The proposed pulsed latch reduces E × D by 82.6% to 95.4% compared to conventional flip-flops.
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Pamungkas, Mikael Abimanyu Putra, Dwi Priharto, and Hari Putranto. "Study of Technical and Non-technical Factors in Energy Consumption on 20 kV Distribution Networks." Frontier Energy System and Power Engineering 1, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um049v1i2p1-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research aimed to find the technical and non-technical losses that occurred on the 20 kV Tawangrejo Feeder network by calculating the electricity losses after measurement and the calculated losses, made an application to calculate the losses, and determined the improvement alternative from the suitable electricity losses. Based on the data analysis, the conclusions were: Tawangrejo Feeder used mesh configuration with a three-phase four-wire construction model. The values of power and energy losses in total, technical, and non-technical were fluctuating, depended on the current value that was sent from the primary substation to the load. This power loss calculation application had a high accuracy because the error occurred at a maximum of 0.0021%. The most effective power loss improvement was replacing the conductor duct that reduces 56% of power and energy losses.
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Jin, Cheng, Yili Zhang, Xuchao Yang, Naizhuo Zhao, Zutao Ouyang, and Wenze Yue. "Mapping China’s Electronic Power Consumption Using Points of Interest and Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Producing gridded electric power consumption (EPC) maps at a fine geographic scale is critical for rational deployment and effective utilization of electric power resources. Brightness of nighttime light (NTL) has been extensively adopted to evaluate the spatial patterns of EPC at multiple geographical scales. However, the blooming effect and saturation issue of NTL imagery limit its ability to accurately map EPC. Moreover, limited sectoral separation in applying NTL leads to the inaccurate spatial distribution of EPC, particularly in the case of industrial EPC, which is often a dominant portion of the total EPC in China. This study pioneers the separate estimation of spatial patterns of industrial and nonindustrial EPC over mainland China by jointly using points of interest (POIs) and multiple remotely sensed data in a random forests (RF) model. The POIs provided fine and detailed information about the different socioeconomic activities and played a significant role in determining industrial and nonindustrial EPC distribution. Based on the RF model, we produced industrial, non-industrial, and overall EPC maps at a 1 km resolution in mainland China for 2011. Compared against statistical data at the county level, our results showed a high accuracy (R2 = 0.958 for nonindustrial EPC estimation, 0.848 for industrial EPC estimation, and 0.913 for total EPC). This study indicated that the proposed RF-based method, integrating POIs and multiple remote sensing data, can markedly improve the accuracy for estimating EPC. This study also revealed the great potential of POIs in mapping the distribution of socioeconomic parameters.
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Horskyi, V. V. "The selection of the method to divide total expenses of energy consumed for the combined production of energy products and its application for coal-fired CHP." Problems of General Energy 2021, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2021.04.056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cogeneration of electric and heat energy is a trend in the modern development of energy production systems in the world. The share of electricity produced by CHP in Ukraine coincides with the share of combined heat and power produced by the G8 + 5 countries and is equal to 11–19%. The fuel's heat utilization rate reaches 75% at CHP in the EU countries. An important energy efficiency indicator, characterizing the full technological cycle of power generation, is the total power intensity of the product. To determine the technical and economic indicators of CHP's operation, the production cost of energy products produced, reasonable tariffs for them, and the payback period of investments, first of all, it is necessary to develop a certain scheme for the allocation of costs for each output product. One of the most important methodological issues in combined energy production is the optimal distribution of expenses between the generation and transmission of electric and thermal energy. So far, there are a number of methods for allocating costs by type of product in cogeneration. All methods give different calculation results, and the discrepancy among them is quite significant. Analyzing and comparing them, one can identify both the advantages and disadvantages of each method, depending on the calculation task. The total energy intensity of energy products output for the station was also calculated, and the distribution of energy consumption between thermal and electric energy was performed according to four methods. As a result of the analysis, the thermodynamic method of cost allocation for the supply of electricity and heat is recommended for use, as it takes into account the value of steam used in the turbine (for electric power generation) and is further supplied for the needs of heat supply. Keywords: cogeneration, distribution of energy consumption, methods of distribution of energy consumption, energy carriers
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Ilichev, V. Y., and E. A. Yurik. "Development of methodology for calculation of optimal distribution of electric power between power units of condensing power plant." Izvestia MGTU MAMI 1, no. 2 (2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/2074-0530-2021-48-2-18-25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Optimization methods are used to solve many problems in the field of energy. One of such tasks is the problem of optimal redistribution of power between power units in order to achieve minimum fuel consumption. This is especially important for powerful condensation power plants, where even relatively small fuel savings have significant economic effect. The article is devoted to description of developed method of such optimization, based on the ap-plication of differential evolution, which has many advantages over the “classical” methods of op-timization. In particular, it was the global rather than the local extremum of the objective function that could be found. This method is also easy and powerful when using modern software tools. Differential evolution method is organized in the library SciPy of Python programming language, so calculation program was developed in this language to solve the problem. The work considers algorithm and structure of the developed program, as well as the procedure for preparing initial data and calculation process using example of a specific condensing power plant. Modules used in the program to populate the data arrays, as well as to output the results in the form of high-quality graphs are mentioned. With the help of the program, diagram of the optimal redistribution of capacities between power units for any total capacity of the power station is constructed. Also, for entire power range of the power plant, nominal fuel consumption and fuel economy are calculated when implementing the optimal redistribution of capacity in comparison with an even distribution. Obtained software product, available to everyone on the website of the authors, allows not only to study the practical application of differential evolution method, but also to create programs based on it in order to solve other optimization problems, some of which are mentioned in the article.
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Yang, Yang, and Li Zi Zhang. "The Combined Generation-Consumption Scheduling Mode Considering Price-Responsive and Interruptible Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2740.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to provide reserve power supply, consumption dispatch can be integrated into the conventional generation dispatch model. This serves as a feasible approach in connecting intermittent power sources such as hydropower into the power grid. An integrated generation-consumption dispatch model with hydropower is presented considering the consumption dispatch mode, such as consumption stimulation, interruptible load management, and price response, etc. Practical case studies show that price-responsive loads and interruptible loads tend to exert great influence on the load distribution which lead to a reallocation of generation among thermal generation units, run-of-river and storage hydropower generation units, which favours the total reservoir storage of the system so that the overall system operational economy can be improved.
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Nizaar, Roub, and Anik Nur Handayani. "Implementation of Artificial Neural Network Method for Estimating Connected Power and Electric Energy Consumption." Frontier Energy System and Power Engineering 1, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um049v1i2p13-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract—Electricity is vital for modern society’s welfare. Daily electricity usage depended on the customers’ type. Hence, there was a difference between the connected power with consumption. Therefore, there needed an estimation method for long-term connected power and energy consumption to improve the safety of energy management and operation plan for the generator. This research used the Artificial Neural Network method with a backpropagation algorithm model to estimate the connected power and electricity consumption. This method has the advantage of following past patterns after the training process. This research used data such as total population, Gross Regional Domestic Product, total customers, produced energy, remaining energy, distribution loss, total transformer, peak load, and load factor as the independent data. The energy consumption and connected power served as the dependent data. The data was taken from Srengat Network Service Unit, East Java, for ten years, which started in 2008. This research used literature study, information and data collection, information and data process, data estimation and analysis, and conclusion as the procedures. Based on the results, the best network structure was 9-9-2 with the 10-6 goal, 0.9 momentum value, and 0.15 learning rate to produce the smallest Mean Squared Error of 0.00442 in 2015, Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 7.88% for the connected power, and 11.27% on electricity consumption target.
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Keller, A. V., B. M. Pozin, I. P. Troyanovskaya, V. N. Bondar, and A. A. Yusupov. "Problem of minimization of wheeled vehicle power consumption on external resistance overcoming in case of uneven load distribution between the axles." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 10 (October 15, 2015): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with the problem of minimization of power consumption for the movement of mobile machine with uneven load distribution between the axles. Comparison of total required power values is made by the examples of most common methods of mobile machine control, namely using of unblocked differential, limited-slip differential, full blocking of differentials.
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Lin, Jr-Lin, and Shyh-Fang Kang. "Analysis of carbon emission hot spot and pumping energy efficiency in water supply system." Water Supply 19, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Evaluation of carbon emission hot spots for water treatment plants (WTPs) is crucial to reduce carbon emissions. This study aims to analyze carbon emission data generated at Bansin WTP following the PAS 2050 guidelines. The boundary of inventory and assessment includes water intake, purification, and distribution stages. In addition, pumping efficiency, power consumption per pump lift and specific energy consumption were used to estimate the potential of energy reduction in pumping for Bansin and Baoshan WTPs. The results have revealed that the carbon footprint of Bansin WTP is 0.39 kg CO2e/m3 in 2011. There is 95% of carbon emissions generated by pumping from the intake and distribution stages, and the use of pumping is responsible for 65% of total carbon emissions in the clarification stage. The power consumption per pump lift can be calculated to evaluate the difference between rated power and operational power. This relationship can provide information indicating to operators when to replace or maintain poorly-functioning pumps. The data on pump lift, flow rate and power can also be calculated to determine the relationship between pumping efficiency (%) and specific energy consumption (kW/Q), and then used to identify the optimum condition of pump combinations for a given production of water supply.
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Pambudi, Prastyono Eko, Samuel Kristiyana, Muhammad Suyanto, Maulana Maliq F, and Diky Rahmadi. "Analisis Tinjauan Ekonomi Teknis dalam Pemasangan Kapasitor Bank untuk Memperbaiki Nilai Faktor Daya pada Beban Industri." AVITEC 4, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/avitec.v4i1.1184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Industry is one of the largest users of reactive power in the distribution of electric power. Industries use equipment such as induction motors, transformers and other equipment to support their production needs. Loads such as induction motors are inductive loads that require reactive power to operate. Reactive power in an electric power distribution network is a loss. Reactive power can reduce the effectiveness of the real power which is converted into active power so that the efficiency of real power usage is reduced. Installing a capacitor bank is one way to compensate for the use of reactive power in a load. Installing capacitor banks aims to improve the value of the power factor that has decreased due to the use of excessive reactive power loads. PLN has set a standard power factor value for consumers of 0.85 and reactive power consumption of 0.62 of the total power consumption. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out further analysis regarding the advantages and disadvantages of installing bank capacitors to improve the value of the power factor so that the ideal economic factor for consumers is obtained.
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Gao, Jingxin, Xilai Tang, Hong Ren, and Weiguang Cai. "Evolution of the Construction Industry in China from the Perspectives of the Driving and Driven Ability." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 24, 2019): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061772.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The construction industry has been developing in recent years, facilitating economic development in China. However, the industry’s development has been confronted by a series of challenges. Exploring the characteristics of the influences of power and the association structure and their level of correlation in the construction industry is important to improve the understanding of the status and development of laws, to optimize industrial structure, and to improve the efficiency of the construction industry—factors that are fundamental to the realization of an optimized, upgraded construction industry. Therefore, the total consumption coefficient and the total distribution coefficient were calculated to reveal the influencing power of the construction industry. Based on the total consumption coefficient and the total distribution coefficient, the driven coefficient and driving coefficient are used to reflect the general effect on the entire industry network. The driven and driving networks were constructed using the total consumption coefficient and the total distribution coefficient to reveal the critical positions of the networks. The results show that the construction industry has significant driven and driving effects on other industries, which facilitate the improvement of the entire economic industry. However, an obvious gap exists between the driven ability and the driving ability as measured by the complex network. The point degree, betweenness degree, and subgroup cohesive characteristics show that the effect of the driven ability is much greater than that of the driving ability for the construction industry in 30 provinces. The findings provide information for policymaking related to the sustainable development of the construction industry in China.
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Boudina, Rabah, Jie Wang, Mohamed Benbouzid, Gang Yao, and Lidan Zhou. "A Review on Stochastic Approach for PHEV Integration Control in a Distribution System with an Optimized Battery Power Demand Model." Electronics 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The future adoption of electric vehicles (EV) as the main means of commuting will put an additional stress on the distribution grid; the level where EVs are mainly expected to be charged. Estimation of the EV charging influence on the distribution grid is a critical task for distribution system operators (DSO) in order to plan for grid reinforcement and to avoid service failure. Due to the unpredictable nature of daily human activities, stochastic modeling for daily EVs’ owner behavior and residential power consumption is needed. In our study a new estimation model for the EV power demand during the charging process is developed to accurately estimate the charging demand, which is combined with daily household power consumption loads based on real life measurements to estimate the total demand in the system. This demand can be applied to the standard IEEE 69 distribution system and can quantify the influence of different penetration levels under an uncontrolled (dumb) charging case, also under a proposed controlled charging algorithm for both summer and winter seasons.
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Lei, Sun, Zhong Fu Tan, Li Wei Ju, He Yin, and Zhi Hong Chen. "Generation Resource Planning Optimization Model under Emission Constraint." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.868.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a large energy consumption and pollutants emission department, power industry energy saving and emission reduction is of great significance for the community's overall energy consumption and pollutants emission control. As the main energy saving measures of the power industry, optimize the structure of power based on grid-connected renewable energy. Therefore, this article is based on energy distribution in China, considering load, electricity, resources, environmental pollution and the unit served, target is the total system power generation installed capacity and pollutant emissions at minimum costs, to construct generation resource planning optimization model under emission constraint, install generation capacity costs, running costs and the cost of pollutant emissions will be take into account, in order to make reasonable recommendations on power resource planning in China.
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Kang, Bing, Chuan Liu, Min Sun, Tianqi Meng, Jun Zhou, Zongyao Wang, and Zhihao Xu. "Low voltage abnormal user identification based on improved fish swarm algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2087, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2087/1/012078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The power consumption readings of sub meter and total meter of distribution transformer of low-voltage users follow the law of conservation of energy. The meter power loss rate of abnormal low-voltage users must also be abnormal. This paper studies the solution of the meter power loss rate under the four abnormal power consumption scenarios of single (multi) user and full (partial) period. The traditional linear solution method has accurate identification effect for the abnormal power consumption scenario of full period, but it cannot identify the abnormal power consumption scenario of partial period. In this paper, an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm is proposed. By adjusting the fixed step to the adaptive step, the power loss rate of each sub meter is obtained, and the abnormal power users are pinpointed. The research results are verified by simulation examples on IEEE European Low Voltage Test Feeder. The results show that the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm in this paper can identify abnormal power users for the above four abnormal electric field scenarios. The algorithm provides a new alternative for the identification of abnormal low voltage users.
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Ota, Yasuyuki, Yuya Sakurada, and Kensuke Nishioka. "2-Dimensional Mapping of Power Consumption Due to Electrode Resistance Using Simulator for Concentrator Photovoltaic Module." Materials Science Forum 725 (July 2012): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.725.183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under the concentration conditions, it is important to optimize the design of electrodes and cell structures, because the high density energy is emitted to the cell and photocurrent with high density is generated by each subcell of multi-junction solar cell. The in-plane distributions of power consumption due to the each resistance component were calculated by using total 3D simulator. In the case of optical design without homogenizer, local power consumptions due to the electrode resistance were observed at a part of cell. On the other hand, in the case of optical design with homogenizer, the power consumption was considerably reduced. This technique can be applied to the structural optimization of solar cells for concentration.
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Song, Xiao Ying, Tao Wen, Quan Guo, and Di Wu. "A Strategy for Avoiding Energy Holes Based on Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Network." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.729.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy holes problem is one of key issues for wireless sensor networks (WSN). At present, the resolved strategies mainly focus on non-uniform node distribution and adjusting transmission power. However, some costs are incurred by non-uniform node distribution. With the number of nodes increasing, the total number of nodes grows exponentially, and there is a need to improve physical conditions when we increase transmission power significantly in large class of network model; To overcome the limitation, we propose the strategy of data fusion, whose reason is that it is not limited to the size of network, and does not need complicated physical conditions. In this paper, we first establish a network model Multiple-Layer and Multiple-Clusters in corona model (MLMC) to analyze the loading energy consumption. What’s more, we consider energy consumption when network is constructed. Furthermore, we fully introduce our strategy of data fusion, and prove two theorems to balance energy consumption for resolving energy holes problem. Finally, we compare and analyze the total energy consumption and network lifetime between before and after data fusion. The experimental results demonstrate the performance advantages of our approach. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
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Chehab, Jean-Paul, Vivien Desveaux, and Marouan Handa. "A sliding window algorithm for energy distribution system with storage." AIMS Mathematics 6, no. 11 (2021): 11815–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2021686.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<abstract><p>This work is devoted to study optimization problems arising in energy distribution systems with storage. We consider a simplified network topology organized around four nodes: the load aggregator, the external grid, the consumption and the storage. The imported power from the external grid should balance the consumption and the storage variation. The merit function to minimize is the total price the load aggregator has to pay in a given time interval to enforce this balance.</p> <p>Two optimization problems are considered. The first one is linear and standard. It can be solved through classical optimization methods. The second problem is obtained from the previous one by taking into account a power subscription, which makes it piecewise linear. We establish mathematical properties on both these models.</p> <p>Finally, a new method based on a sliding window algorithm is derived. It allows to reduce drastically the computational time and makes feasible real time simulations. Numerical results are performed on real data to highlight both models and to illustrate the performance of the sliding window algorithm.</p></abstract>
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Denysiuk, S., and T. Bazyuk. "EVALUATION OF ADDITIONAL LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION REGULATION IN LOCAL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS." POWER ENGINEERING: economics, technique, ecology, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1813-5420.3.2020.228596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Peculiarities of estimation of total energy losses in electric networks and estimation of nature of electricity consumption in local power supply systems (LES) are given. The structure of additional electricity losses in LES in the presence of higher harmonics of current and voltage is carried out, the generalized schedule of instantaneous functions of current i(t), voltage u(t), and power p(t) on components. The offered indicators of an estimation of the performance of criterion of a minimum of losses of the electric power in LES allow to estimate levels of distortion of power processes at consideration both exchange processes, and at the analysis of additional losses of the electric power. The accuracy of measuring the integrated characteristics of energy exchange depending on the available levels of distortion of voltage and current signals is considered. It is shown that in order to take into account the influence of higher harmonics on the total power consumption, it is necessary to determine the change of Frize QFpower as an indicator of additional electricity losses in the presence of non-sinusoidal currents and voltages in at different ratios between the value of current and voltage of the first and higher harmonics. The evaluation of the efficiency of power consumption regulation using the Frize QF power at an arbitrary time interval, as well as the corresponding current distribution into active and reactive components are considered. The peculiarities of increasing the efficiency of power consumption regulation in LES at the cyclic change of generator parameters and load are analysed.
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Liu, Jinpeng, Hao Yang, Delin Wei, and Xiaohua Song. "Time Distribution Simulation of Household Power Load Based on Travel Chains and Monte Carlo–A Study of Beijing in Summer." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 6651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126651.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, China’s residential electricity consumption has continued to grow at high speed, and its contribution to the growth of the total electricity consumption has become more prominent. The peak-to-valley gap is also gradually increasing, which reduces the efficiency of electricity—an increasingly important terminal energy form. The resident travel chain is a major influencing factor of residents’ electricity consumption, and it is of great significance to dig deeper into the mechanism of its influence on residents’ electricity consumption behavior. In this paper, the time distribution model of household power load in summer in Beijing is constructed by comprehensively considering the difference of travel chain, electricity consumption behavior, and load level. The Monte Carlo simulation method is introduced for the simulation of the model. According to the results, both household type and temperature have a significant impact on the peak load, while the difference in the choice of mode of transportations does not. It is also found that the household appliance with the most potential for regulation is the air conditioning, followed by the water heater, which where regulation and optimization should be mainly carried out.
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Emre, Tamer, and Adnan Sozen. "Energy Poverty Clustering by Using Power-cut Job Order Data of the Electricity Distribution Companies." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 3 (May 18, 2022): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12961.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The identification of the population suffering from energy poverty, which is more visible after Covid-19 pandemic following by the 2021 energy crisis, is an essential requirement for producing systematic and sustainable solutions. Although European Union approaches to the problem with a multi-indicator sets; this indicator sets have a large amount of secure and almost unreachable data, such as identity information, wage information, health information, asset information (title deed, rental income), expenditure information, debt information, credit information, bank records, etc. Experienced two long term projects between 2014 and 2016 (problem definition for energy theft and the best practices searching 13 different country examples including Brazil, Hungary, India, etc.) and 2016–2018 (energy poverty set and consumption characteristics in Turkey) over 6 million end-user consumption and payment data brings us to confirm that. The primary indicator of energy poverty is the arrears on utility bills. The arrears resulting from the affordability problem of the energy consumed trigger a power cut-off job order in the utility company. This research examines the literature and country social assistance implementation data to see how an energy poverty level can be identified using details on arrears and powercut job orders. On this subject, power-cut job orders were constituted, because of arrears on utility bills, were subjected to statistical analysis, and the compatibility of the trend data with the socio-economic development index was investigated. Cities with a less indexes have more utility bill arrears in terms of both number and volume, according to correlation-test data. Urban cities are more visible in data since the non-urbanized cities have some energy theft activities which show us no efficiency target for the consumption! Hence one of the strategical step for decreasing the non-technical losses is having more registered customer, the relationship between the growth index and the number of customers is another intriguing finding. Separating the consumption levels of arrears, it is found that 63% of total non-payment is depending on 18% of consumers. Trend analysis confirmed that every energy consumption level has the absolute and fluctuated component inside. The number of people inside the absolute poverty cluster is coherent with national and international approaches almost in the same number. The findings revealed that arrears on utility bills can be used specifically to assess the population identified with energy dependency rather than relying on evidence from a variety of sources.
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Abebe, Ahunim, A. Pushparaghavan, and Edmealem Gedefaye. "A Study on Optimal Design Feasibility of Microgrid Power System for Rural Electrification: Amhara Region in Ethiopia." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 8, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2019.8.3.2064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Power system is an essential energy domain in recent years which helps to converts non-electrical energy resources, such as hydraulic, thermal, solar, wind and other natural resources to electrical energy. It conveys the generated power to the consumers via transmission and distribution networks. The conventional power system has many problems, which are significant power loss at the transmission and distribution networks, poor power quality and reliability, and ultimately it is not an environmental friendly. These problems are resolved by using a microgrid which will provide electricity to the consumer economically with improved power quality, reliability, and minimum loss by integrating and optimizing different renewable energy sources. The main objective of this research study is to enable the optimal power provision and feasibility to design a microgrid. Based on this objective of Micro grid power system, the study has extended to deliver electricity to satisfy the location of Ethiopia, Bahir Dar Town, specifically the rural electrification as a model for the interior village Abay Mado-Gedro kebele primary school, health post and local communities demand by enhancing the power quality, reliability and minimum transmission / distribution line losses. The microgrid consists of solar, wind and battery storage sources. It is designed to operate in stand-alone mode of operation. Optimum designing and sizing of different components of the microgrid is taken as major contributions of this research work to the study for the Village Gedro as a rural electrification model. Hence it is observed through the analysis and design using HOMER Optimization tool, the total power consumptions for the site of optimal power is 25 kWh / day and 6 kW peak with the consideration of various environmental parameters like solar radiation, temperature and wind speed. Based on the optimal power energy consumption resulted out that the required various power resources are 7 kW Photo-Voltaic (PV), 3 kW Wind turbine, 104 kWh storage battery and 6 kW converter with the total investment cost $ 75993.
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Zalnidzam, Wan Iqmal Faezy Wan, Hasmaini Mohamad, Nur Ashida Salim, Hazlie Mokhlis, and Zuhaila Mat Yasin. "Optimal Charging Schedule Coordination of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp82-89.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing penetration of electric vehicle (EV) at distribution system is expected in the near future leading to rising demand for power consumption. Large scale uncoordinated charging demand of EVs will eventually threatens the safety operation of the distribution network. Therefore, a charging strategy is needed to reduce the impact of charging. This paper proposes an optimal centralized charging schedule coordination of EV to minimize active power losses while maintaining the voltage profile at the demand side. The performance of the schedule algorithm developed using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is evaluated at the IEEE-33 Bus radial distribution system in a set time frame of charging period. Coordinated and uncoordinated charging schedule is then compared in terms of active power losses and voltage profile at different level of EV penetration considering 24 hours of load demand profile. Results show that the proposed coordinated charging schedule is able to achieve minimum total active power losses compared to the uncoordinated charging.
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Fursanov, M. I., A. A. Zalotoy, and V. V. Makarevich. "Calculation of Technological Consumption (Loss) of Electricity in Modern 0.38–10 kV Electrical Distribution Networks." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 5 (October 4, 2018): 408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-5-408-422.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
. New conditions of functioning of electric power industry, tougher of requirements to technological condition of the industry predetermined transition to restructuring of electric networks on the basis of innovative structure of SMART GRID. This leads to the improvement of traditional tasks of calculation and analysis of modes and technological consumption (loss) of electricity. The authors have developed a promising method of operational calculations of technical losses of electricity in modern electrical networks of 0.38–10 kV on the basis of telemechanical graphs of loads on the head sections of distribution lines, in the area of additional installation of digital metering devices and of sources of distributed generation. The method proposes a new technique for determining the flow of electric energy in the sections of distribution lines. This is done as follows. First, according to the data of additional measurements of the network and taking into account the calculated no-load losses of transformers, electricity flows are calculated in the head sections of 6–10 kV lines. Then, according to the obtained data and the measured values of the active and reactive energy graphs of the head sections, the electric power flows targeted for their subsequent distribution over all sections of the 0.38–10 kV network are determined, taking into account the load losses of electricity and the flow distribution coefficients. The distribution coefficients are the fractions of the calculated phase loads of the 0.38 kV network of their total value. Then, according to the obtained data and the measured values of the active and reactive energy graphs on the head sections, the electric power flows intended for their subsequent distribution over all sections of the 0.38–10 kV network are determined, taking into account the load losses of electricity and the flow distribution coefficients. The basic analytical relations concerning the estimation of losses and mode as well as an example of calculation of technological consumption (loss) of electricity in the general scheme of the distribution network of 0.38; 6 and 10 kV are given. The latter is performed for a single (first)stage of load graphs.
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Bharatiraja, C., and Harish Chowdary V. "Real Time Power Quality Phenomenon for Various Distribution Feeders." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i1.pp10-16.
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Power Quality (PQ) brings more challenges to the large- scale and medium scale industries because in the recent years most of them use high efficiency and low energy devices which cause vulnerable PQ disturbances at Point of Common Coupling (PCC). In this paper, the measurement at different times during load condition and analysis of all types of disturbances occurred has been done. When large rated equipments run, the disturbance (harmonics, RMS variations, and switching transients) levels are very high and poor power factor (PF) has also appeared. Due to this poor PF, reactive power consumption in load increases and accordingly total power increases. An electronic device such as LED lights, fluorescent lamps, computers, copy machines, and laser printers also disturb the supply voltage. We are very well known that every PQ problem directly or indirectly must affect economically. Many researchers have investigated PQ audit for over three decades. However these studies and analysis have been done only at simulation level. Hence, the PQ analyzer based study is required to find out the PQ issues at distribution feeders. It will be a valuable guide for researchers, who are interested in the domain of PQ and wish to explore the opportunities offered by these techniques for further improvement in the field of PQ. This paper gives a brief Real Time PQ measurement using PQ analyzer HIOKI PW3198 at Distribution Feeders and it gives an idea to the researcher to optimize problems-related to PQ with respect to the high rated and low rated electric machinery of different feeders at PCC level. This study further extends to analyze the grid disturbances and looks forward to the optimization methods for each individual PQ disturbance.
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Hosseinnia, Hamed, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and Mousa Mohammadpourfard. "Optimal Techno-Economic Planning of a Smart Parking Lot—Combined Heat, Hydrogen, and Power (SPL-CHHP)-Based Microgrid in the Active Distribution Network." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 8043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
By installing distributed generation (DG) sources in a distribution system, there is a change from the inactive state, accompanied by one-way power flow, to the active state, with the possibility of bilateral power flow. Authorities involved in the electricity industry manage the consumption side by bringing in particular programs called demand response programs. To implement these programs, it is crucial to create infrastructure, including the installation of smart measuring units in the consumption sector. In this paper, we investigate the optimal design of smart meters and combined hydrogen, heat, and power in the active distribution system to provide two functions aimed at reducing voltage drop and minimizing the total planning costs by taking different scenarios into account. In the combined hydrogen, heat, and power (CHHP)-based DGs, due to the low efficiency of the electrolyzer, its power is supplied by a smart parking lot (including wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, and batteries). To model the unit’s uncertainties, a long short-time memory (LSTM) model is employed. Utilizing the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), a state that enhances both functions is acquired from different scenarios. All of the simulations are carried out in two 33-bus systems.
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Wu, Y., D. G. Streets, S. X. Wang, and J. M. Hao. "Uncertainties in estimating mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 6 (November 5, 2009): 23565–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-23565-2009.
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Abstract. A detailed multiple-year inventory of mercury emissions from anthropogenic activities in China has been developed. Coal combustion and nonferrous metals production continue to be the two leading mercury sources in China, together contributing ~80% of total mercury emissions. Within our inventory, a new comprehensive sub-module for estimation of mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants in China is constructed for uncertainty case-study. The new sub-module integrates up-to-date information regarding mercury content in coal by province, coal washing and cleaning, coal consumption by province, mercury removal efficiencies by control technology or technology combinations, etc. Based on these detailed data, probability-based distribution functions are built into the sub-module to address the uncertainties of these key parameters. The sub-module incorporates Monte Carlo simulations to take into account the probability distributions of key input parameters and produce the mercury emission results in the form of a statistical distribution. For example, the best estimate for total mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants in China in 2003 is 90.5 Mg, with the uncertainty range from 57.1 Mg (P10) to 154.6 Mg (P90); and the best estimate for elemental mercury emissions is 43.0 Mg, with the uncertainty range from 25.6 Mg (P10) to 75.7 Mg (P90). The results further indicate that the majority of the uncertainty in mercury emission estimation comes from two factors: mercury content in coal and mercury removal efficiency.
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Krčum, Maja, Anita Gudelj, and Vinko Tomas. "Optimal Design of Ship’s Hybrid Power System for Efficient Energy." Transactions on Maritime Science 7, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v07.n01.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The International Maritime Organization regulations on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from ships require efficient dealing with this complex techno-economic and highly political problem through joint efforts of all major stakeholders from the shipbuilding industry and ship operations. The key problems of any research in the field of renewable energy, including power generation, storage, transformation and distribution, and the issues associated with limited power generation for specific loads, are the same issues that are experienced in the implementation of electric distribution technologies onboard ships. This paper analyses the effects of efficient shipping using the solar panel system and batteries to ensure continuous power supply, regardless of the weather conditions. The logistics chain of this control architecture is modelled by Colored Petri Nets. The economic analysis examines the annual costs of fuel consumption, the initial capital cost, total net cost and CO2 emissions.
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Fu, Yong Zheng, Ming Liu Xu, and Yang Jiao. "Analysis of the Zero-Pressure-Difference Point and Determination of the Pump Head in Distributed Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2625.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using pressure diagram to analyze the pressure distribution of distributed power system when the zero-pressure-difference point is in different positions. Conclusions can be drawn as follows: the zero-pressure-difference point should be between the critical point and heat source to eliminate the energy consumption of regulators. And as a result the transmission energy consumption of the system becomes lowest. When the zero-pressure-difference point is in different positions between the critical point and heat source, arrangements of pumps of the system are different. But the total output power of the pumps is the same. The zero-pressure-difference point and the schemes for pump head can be conveniently determined by graphical method like pressure diagram or numerical method.
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Hellman, Matilda. "Kettil Bruun is more relevant than ever." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 39, no. 1 (November 24, 2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14550725211057373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kettil Bruun is best known for the total consumption model introduced in 1975 in the collective work “Alcohol control policy in public health perspective”. There were three tracks in particular that led Bruun's research towards the total consumption model: research on the distribution of power, research on international drug policies, and his contributions to criminology and social policy. Kettil Bruun’s lifework shows that the innovation, intersectionality, and synergy which are now rehearsed in pompous research strategies were a non-question 40 years ago. These aspects were a natural part of the scientific pursuit of answers. Maybe in a much more modest and homemade form, but all the more import in terms of applicability at the general level of principle.
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Jalalmaab, Mehdi, and Nasser L. Azad. "A stochastic power management strategy with skid avoidance for improving energy efficiency of in-wheel motor electric vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 5 (May 23, 2018): 1306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018772377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, a stochastic power management strategy for in-wheel motor electric vehicles is proposed to reduce the energy consumption and increase the driving range, considering the unpredictable nature of the driving power demand. A stochastic dynamic programming approach, policy iteration algorithm, is used to create an infinite horizon problem formulation to calculate optimal power distribution policies for the vehicle. The developed stochastic dynamic programming strategy distributes the demanded power, Pdem between the front and rear in-wheel motors by considering states of the vehicle, including the vehicle speed and the front and the rear wheels’ slip ratios. In addition, a skid avoidance rule is added to the power management strategy to maintain the wheels’ slip ratios within the desired values. Undesirable slip ratios cause poor brake and traction control performances and therefore should be avoided. The resulting strategy consists of a time-invariant, rule-based controller which is fast enough for real time implementations, and additionally, it is not expensive to be launched since the future power demand is approximated without a need to vehicle communication systems or telemetric capability. A high-fidelity model of an in-wheel motor electric vehicle is developed in the Autonomie/Simulink environment for evaluating the proposed strategy. The simulation results show that the proposed stochastic dynamic programming strategy is more efficient in comparison to some benchmark strategies, such as an equal power distribution and generalized rule-based dynamic programming. The simulation results of different driving scenarios for the considered in-wheel motor electric vehicle show the proposed power management strategy leads to 3% energy consumption reduction in average, at no additional cost. If the resulting energy savings is considered for the total annual trips for the vehicle and also the total number of electric vehicles in the country, the proposed power management strategy has a significant impact.
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Renugadevi, T., K. Geetha, K. Muthukumar, and Zong Woo Geem. "Energy-Efficient Resource Provisioning Using Adaptive Harmony Search Algorithm for Compute-Intensive Workloads with Load Balancing in Datacenters." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 28, 2020): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drastic variations in high-performance computing workloads lead to the commencement of large number of datacenters. To revolutionize themselves as green datacenters, these data centers are assured to reduce their energy consumption without compromising the performance. The energy consumption of the processor is considered as an important metric for power reduction in servers as it accounts to 60% of the total power consumption. In this research work, a power-aware algorithm (PA) and an adaptive harmony search algorithm (AHSA) are proposed for the placement of reserved virtual machines in the datacenters to reduce the power consumption of servers. Modification of the standard harmony search algorithm is inevitable to suit this specific problem with varying global search space in each allocation interval. A task distribution algorithm is also proposed to distribute and balance the workload among the servers to evade over-utilization of servers which is unique of its kind against traditional virtual machine consolidation approaches that intend to restrain the number of powered on servers to the minimum as possible. Different policies for overload host selection and virtual machine selection are discussed for load balancing. The observations endorse that the AHSA outperforms, and yields better results towards the objective than, the PA algorithm and the existing counterparts.
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Seng Lim, Yun, Siong Lee Koh, and Stella Morris. "Methodology for optimizing geographical distribution and capacities of biomass power plants in Sabah, East Malaysia." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 100–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-03-2013-0011.
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Purpose – Biomass waste can be used as fuel in biomass power plants to generate electricity. It is a type of renewable energy widely available in Malaysia because 12 million tons of the biomass waste is produced every year. At present, only 5 per cent of the total biomass waste in Sabah, one of the states in Malaysia, is used to generate electricity for on-site consumption. The remaining 95 per cent of the biomass waste has not been utilized because the transportation cost for shifting the waste from the plantations to the power plants is substantial, hence making the cost of the biomass generated electricity to be high. Therefore, a methodology is developed and presented in this paper to determine the optimum geographic distribution and capacities of the biomass power plants around a region so that the cost of biomass generated electricity can be minimized. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is able to identify the potential locations of biomass power plants on any locations on a region taking into account the operation and capital costs of the power plants as well as the cost of connecting the power plants to the national grid. The methodology is programmed using Fortran. Findings – This methodology is applied to Sabah using the real data. The results generated from the methodology show the best locations and capacities of biomass power plants in Sabah. There are 20 locations suitable for biomass power plants. The total capacity of these biomass power plants is 4,996 MW with an annual generation of 35,013 GWh. This is sufficient to meet all the electricity demand in Sabah up to 2030. Originality/value – The methodology is an effective tool to determine the best geographic locations and sizes of the biomass power plants around a region.
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Кравченко, О. П., Е. Г. Манойлов, Г. О. Бабич та Я. С. Малий. "ЗАСОБИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЛОКАЛЬНОГО ОБ’ЄКТУ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 148, № 4 (10 березня 2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.4.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Development of electronic monitoring and control system for achieving an effective ratio between electrical energy generation and consumption in the local object power supply system. Methodology. The theory of electrical circuits and electronic circuits were used. Obtaned results. The electronic system for monitoring and controlling power supply in the local object power system was developed. The system comprises three modules: central processor, module for monitoring environment parameters and executive module which consists of measuring (current, voltage) and relay blocks. The central processor processes signals from monitoring and measuring blocks and forms executive commands on relay block in order to switch on/off consumer loads and electric generators. Developed systems alowes both maximal power take-off from distributed (renewable) energy sources and flexible implementation of power consumption regulation for achieving an effective ratio between the generation of electrical energy provided by renewable energy sources and the general distribution network, and the total load device consumption in the local object power system. Orginality. The electronic monitoring and controlling system in the local object power system alows providing generated and consumed loads monitoring in the real time. The system provides an ability to form real time energy profiles based on which the control algorithm for executive block control is formed in order to achieve an effective ratio between generation and consumption of electricity in the power system of the local facility.for in power consumption control system has been developed, which consists of a central processor, monitoring and executive units. The monitoring unit allows you to create energy profiles in real time, on the basis of which the control algorithm in the executive unit is formed in order to achieve an effective ratio between the electricity generation and consumption in the local object power system. Practical value. As a result of the presented work, an electronic system for monitoring and controling electricity supply in the local object power system with the defined formation of distributed energy sources generation and required consumption profiles in the real time was developed to provide efficient energy consumption according to the concepts of distributed electrical networks with renewable energy sources and Smart House.
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Montoya, Oscar, Walter Gil-González, and Jesus Hernández. "Optimal Selection and Location of BESS Systems in Medium-Voltage Rural Distribution Networks for Minimizing Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122097.
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This paper explores a methodology to locate battery energy storage systems (BESS) in rural alternating current (AC) distribution networks fed by diesel generators to minimize total greenhouse gas emissions. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is formulated to represent the problem of greenhouse gas emissions minimization, considering power balance and devices capabilities as constraints. To model the BESS systems, a linear relationship is considered between the state of charge and the power injection/consumption using a charging/discharging coefficient. The solution of the MINLP model is reached through the general algebraic modeling system by employing the BONMIN solver. Numerical results in a medium-voltage AC distribution network composed of 33 nodes and 32 branches operated with 12.66 kV demonstrate the effectiveness of including BESS systems to minimize greenhouse gas emissions in diesel generators that feeds rural distribution networks.
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Gao, Xumiao, Mingquan Wu, Ju Gao, Li Han, Zheng Niu, and Fang Chen. "Modelling Electricity Consumption in Cambodia Based on Remote Sensing Night-Light Images." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083971.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The accurate estimation of electricity consumption and its spatial distribution are important in electricity infrastructural planning and the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7). Electricity consumption can be estimated based on its correlation with nighttime lights observed using remote sensing imagery. Since night-light images are easily affected by cloud cover, few previous studies have estimated electricity consumption in cloudy areas. Taking Cambodia as an example, the present study proposes a method for denoising night-light images in cloudy areas and estimating electricity consumption. The results show that an exponential model is superior to linear and power function models for modelling the relationship between total night-light data and electricity consumption in Cambodia. The month-specific substitution method is best for annual night-light image synthesis in cloudy areas. Cambodia’s greatest electricity consumption occurs in its four most economically developed cities. Electricity consumption spreads outwards from these cities along the main transport routes to a large number of unelectrified areas.
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Ahmad, Tanveer, and Qadeer Ul Hasan. "Detection of Frauds and Other Non-technical Losses in Power Utilities using Smart Meters: A Review." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2015-0206.
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Abstract Analysis of losses in power distribution system and techniques to mitigate these are two active areas of research especially in energy scarce countries like Pakistan to increase the availability of power without installing new generation. Since total energy losses account for both technical losses (TL) as well as non-technical losses (NTLs). Utility companies in developing countries are incurring of major financial losses due to non-technical losses. NTLs lead to a series of additional losses, such as damage to the network (infrastructure and the reduction of network reliability) etc. The purpose of this paper is to perform an introductory investigation of non-technical losses in power distribution systems. Additionally, analysis of NTLs using consumer energy consumption data with the help of Linear Regression Analysis has been carried out. This data focuses on the Low Voltage (LV) distribution network, which includes: residential, commercial, agricultural and industrial consumers by using the monthly kWh interval data acquired over a period (one month) of time using smart meters. In this research different prevention techniques are also discussed to prevent illegal use of electricity in the distribution of electrical power system.
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Mérida García, Aida, Juan Rodríguez Díaz, Jorge García Morillo, and Aonghus McNabola. "Energy Recovery Potential in Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Networks Using Micro-Hydropower in Spain." Water 13, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of micro-hydropower (MHP) for energy recovery in water distribution networks is becoming increasingly widespread. The incorporation of this technology, which offers low-cost solutions, allows for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions linked to energy consumption. In this work, the MHP energy recovery potential in Spain from all available wastewater discharges, both municipal and private industrial, was assessed, based on discharge licenses. From a total of 16,778 licenses, less than 1% of the sites presented an MHP potential higher than 2 kW, with a total power potential between 3.31 and 3.54 MW. This total was distributed between industry, fish farms and municipal wastewater treatment plants following the proportion 51–54%, 14–13% and 35–33%, respectively. The total energy production estimated reached 29 GWh∙year−1, from which 80% corresponded to sites with power potential over 15 kW. Energy-related industries, not included in previous investigations, amounted to 45% of the total energy potential for Spain, a finding which could greatly influence MHP potential estimates across the world. The estimated energy production represented a potential CO2 emission savings of around 11 thousand tonnes, with a corresponding reduction between M€ 2.11 and M€ 4.24 in the total energy consumption in the country.
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Abdul Razak, Muhd Azri, Muhammad Murtadha Othman, Mohd Ainor Yahya, Zilaila Zakaria, Ismail Musirin, Mat Nasir Kari, Mohd Fazli Osman, et al. "Two Stage Optimal Capacitors Placement and Sizing Using Differential Evolution Particle Swarm Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Installing capacitors in a large unbalanced electrical distribution system will indeed improves the performance of the system in terms of its voltage profile and real power loss stability. However, determining the suitable locations for capacitors installation with an appropriate sizing in an unbalanced electrical distribution system involves an intricate process. This impediment can be resolved by implementing an optimal capacitors placement and sizing. The proposed technique is a highly nonlinear optimization problem which requires discrete and multi-dimensional control variables of capacitor locations and sizes. This paper proposed a new artificial intelligence approach used to reduce the total line real power loss and total real power consumption while maintaining the voltage profile along the feeders. It was done by integrating the circuitry schematic diagram of an unbalanced electrical distribution system modeled in SIMULINK® software with the computational programming based differential evolution particle swarm optimization (DEPSO) for optimal capacitors placement and sizing developed under the MATLAB® software. In this study, pre-selection of the capacitor locations can be considered as the first stage of the proposed concept and it is commenced prior to the optimization process performed by the DEPSO algorithm considered as the second stage of the proposed concept. A modified IEEE 13-bus unbalanced radial distribution system is used verify effectiveness of the proposed technique in solving the problem. The results will be discussed notably through comparative studies on the objective function of total cost and performance of the DEPSO technique.
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Klimenta, Jelena, Marija Panic, Miodrag Stojanovic, Dardan Klimenta, Milos Milovanovic, and Bojan Perovic. "Thermal aging management for electricity distribution networks: Fem-based qualification of underground power cables." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220128050k.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is well-known that there is no PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT (PDCA) approach that is used by electricity distribution network operators and asset managers of power cable systems. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel application of the PDCA approach to thermal aging management of underground power cables in electricity distribution networks. Another novelty of the proposed approach is that the finite element method (FEM) is used in combination with the traditional Arrhenius model to calculate the unknown temperature of cable conductors under service conditions. In particular, this means that the FEM-based Arrhenius model can involve the effects of other heat sources, wind, solar irradiation, etc. in procedures for qualification of underground power cables. The Arrhenius model is applied to an actual hot spot of a 110 kV underground cable line of most importance to reliable operation of the electricity distribution network of the City of Belgrade. In the hot spot, the 110 kV cable line is installed in parallel with the group of 35 kV cables and crosses an underground heating pipeline. The proposed approach is successfully validated using the existing experimental data on cross-linked polyethylene insulation. Finally, it is found that the hot spot effect can shorten the expected total service lifespan of the 110 kV cables in the hot spot area by 36.84 %, as well as that the largest consumption of total thermal lifespan occurs in the presence of all the existing thermal effects.
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Maakoul, Othmane, Hamid El Omari, and Aziza Abid. "Statistical modeling and optimal energy distribution of cogeneration units by genetic algorithms." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1131-1138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our main objective is to evaluate the performance of a new method to optimize the energy management of a production system composed of six cogeneration units using artificial intelligence. The optimization criterion is economic and environmental in order to minimize the total fuel cost, as well as the reduction of polluting gas emissions such as COx, NOx and SOx. First, a statistical model has been developed to determine the power that the cogeneration units can provide. Then, an economic model of operation was developed: fuel consumption and pollutant gas emissions as a function of the power produced. Finally, we studied the energy optimization of the system using genetic algorithms (GA), and contribute to the research on improving the efficiency of the studied power system. The GA has a better optimization performance, it can easily choose satisfactory solutions according to the optimization objectives, and compensate for these defects using its own characteristics. These characteristics make GA have outstanding advantages in iterative optimization. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is validated by testing six cogeneration units, and the obtained simulation results of the proposed system prove the value and effectiveness of GA for efficiency improvement as well as operating cost minimization.
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Wang, Xiao Lu, Hong Cai Dai, and Qiong Hui Li. "Research on Renewable Energy and its Coordinated Development with Smart Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 4239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.4239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The modern power systems are typically characterized with renewable energies and smart grids. Their development should be in a coordinated manner. According to the structuring parts of power industry, such as generation, transmission, distribution, consumption and dispatching, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system for renewable energy and smart grid coordinate development in "3 levels, 4 parts, 15 targets; put forward a quantitative evaluation method for coordination level between renewable energies and smart grids in China, using analytic hierarchy process, calculate the coordination level in total and for each part. The paper also presents the key fields and priorities for coordinated development.
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Then, Daniel, Christian Spalthoff, Johannes Bauer, Tanja M. Kneiske, and Martin Braun. "Impact of Natural Gas Distribution Network Structure and Operator Strategies on Grid Economy in Face of Decreasing Demand." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030664.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, natural gas provides more than a third of the energy used in European residential buildings. As part of the general decline of fossil fuels, this gas consumption is predicted to drop in several countries by 25–100% by 2050. We model a decline in gas consumption in 57 urban German distribution grids looking for the influence of grid-specific factors and different distribution network operator (DNO) strategies on grid charges. We find a functional relationship between grid length and customer amount described by a power law, with an exponent correlated with structural grid parameters. The disordered structure inherent to grids typically results in a decline in grid costs much slower than the corresponding demand. We introduce a simplified yearly cash flow calculation model based on the power law and validate it against mixed integer linear optimization. A comparison of the total costs of operation and resulting grid charges for several scenarios and strategies estimates the effects on DNO business models. Depending on a combination of DNO’s strategy and customers’ exit pattern, grid charges may increase, accelerating the substitution of gas-bound technologies that might develop into a self-reinforcing feedback loop, leading to grid defection.
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Et.al, Samuel Jonas Yeboah. "Design and development of RFID based Multi-User Smart Energy Distribution System at Sunyani Technical University, Ghana." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 4596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1852.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Ghana families living in large and compound houses desire to have separate energy meters from other occupants. This is because individuals cannot monitor and control the energy consumption of other tenants and results in misunderstanding in energy bill sharing, overcrowding of energy meters on the wall of a building and likelihood of fire outbreak. It is therefore expedient to have a very accurate, efficient and peaceful means of delivering electrical energy to multiple users within a household with just a single energy meter and this has necessitated the introduction of Smart Multi-user Energy Distribution Meter (SEDS). In this paper microcontroller based smart electrical distribution switch that has the capability of allocating independent energy units to several users in a household is proposed. Experiment was done by assigning Energy units of 4kWh, 8kWh and 6kWh to three logging points on the SEDS device representing three different users. A load of 100W was connected representing the consumption of individual user. The results indicate that the rate of consumption is dependent on the total load connected. The SEDS device has different switches allocated to each user which monitor the consumption rate of the user and automatically isolate a user when power gets exhausted which serve the same purpose as several users having different energy meters. However, individual consumption can be monitored and controlled by the user.