Дисертації з теми "Distribution of total power consumption"
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Порядіна, Дар`я Сергіївна. "Підвищення рівня енергоефективності гімназії біотехнологій № 177 за рахунок використання сонячних колекторів". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/32076.
Повний текст джерелаMaster's thesis «Improving the energy efficiency of the high school of the latest biotechnology №177» consists of 123 pages, 15 figures, 57 tables, and also contains 20 sources in the list of references. The purpose of the work is to determine the expediency of thermo-modernization and modeling of the solar system for hot water supply in the software environment. Task of the research - calculation of thermal and electrical loads, analysis of energy consumption, determination of the economic effect of the implementation of energy conservation measures, to study the solar energy potential of Ukraine, determining the feasibility of using the solar system for hot water needs. The subject of the study is the study of the constructive and energy characteristics of the object in the development of various scenario variational models and geographic location. Actuality is the effective use of solar energy in solar systems in climates Ukraine for energy purposes. The object of study- a preschool institution №712. The scientific novelty of the master's thesis consists in evaluating the financial indicators of the project of thermo-modernization of a residential building in two ways: the calculation of the efficiency of each measure separately and modeling the solar system in the Tsol software environment.
Cugnet, Pierre. "Confidence Interval Estimation for Distribution Systems Power Consumption by Using the Bootstrap Method." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36841.
Повний текст джерела
Two studies have been executed. The first one is based on
the original nonparametric bootstrap method to calculate a
95% confidence interval for nodal hourly power consumption.
This estimation is carried out for a given node and a given
hour of the year. The second one makes use of the parametric
bootstrap method in order to infer a 95% confidence interval
for nodal maximum power consumption per customer. This
estimation is realized for a given node and a given month.
Simulation results carried out on a real data set are
presented and discussed.
Master of Science
Okafor, Chukwuemeka. "Electricity generation, transmission and distribution policy: a comparative study of Nigeria (1960-2011) and South Africa (1960-2011)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007049.
Повний текст джерелаVenter, Petrus Johannes. "Feasibility of CMOS optical clock distribution networks." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26440.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted
Alvarez-Dalama, Alina 1960. "CALCIUM-SULFITE HEMIHYDRATE CRYSTALLIZATION IN LIQUORS WITH HIGH TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (GROWTH, SIZE DISTRIBUTION, NUCLEATION, HABIT)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275528.
Повний текст джерелаZumr, Zdenek. "Last Mile Asset Monitoring: Low Cost Rapid Deployment Asset Monitoring." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1967.
Повний текст джерелаNicholson, Emma Leah. "Essays on restructured electricity markets." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436443232/viewonline.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Jesús, Naveda Alexa Senior, Palma Hugo Hernández, Núẽz William Niebles, and Núẽz Leonardo Niebles. "Temporary Variables for Predicting Electricity Consumption Through Data Mining." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652132.
Повний текст джерелаManning, James. "A reliability model of a power distribution network with reference to petrochemical and gas-to-liquid plants." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40819.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted
Петровський, Михайло Васильович, Михаил Васильевич Петровский, Mykhailo Vasylovych Petrovskyi та М. О. Сокольнікова. "Формування моделі для розрахунку втрат електроенергії на базі програмного комплексу АСКОЕ". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67907.
Повний текст джерелаFachrizal, Reza. "Synergy between Residential Electric Vehicle Charging and Photovoltaic Power Generation through Smart Charging Schemes : Models for Self-Consumption and Hosting Capacity Assessments." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419665.
Повний текст джерелаVieiralves, Eduardo de Xerez. "Proposta de uma metodologia para avaliação das perdas comerciais dos sistemas eletricos : o caso Manaus." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264063.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O equilíbrio econômico-financeiro garantido pelo contrato de concessão firmado pelas concessionárias junto ao poder concedente, tem como prerrogativa uma gestão atuante por parte do agente prestador do serviço, o que evidencia o seu controle técnico e comercial, bem como a promoção do desenvolvimento tecnológico dos serviços concedidos. Neste contexto, é de suma importância que a receita da concessionária, fruto de sua gestão na aquisição da energia a ser utilizada, bem como sua efetiva disponibilidade, seja dirigida ao mercado e aos consumidores com a qualidade requerida, a preços compatíveis com a renda média da população regional e com um percentual de perdas compatível com a tecnologia disponível. O controle das perdas técnicas e comerciais, em empresas do setor elétrico é fundamental para a consecução dos objetivos das concessionárias e da população a ser atendida. A falta de efetivo controle das perdas gera desperdício, ineficiência e redunda em custos elevados. Na região amazônica, as fontes energéticas são suportadas por parques térmicos que queimam material fóssil. Nessas condições o desperdício energético provoca, adicionalmente, danos desnecessários à natureza. As emissões de material particulado e de gases do efeito estufa, na condição de grandes perdas comerciais das empresas do setor elétrico, são mais elevadas, o que fatalmente vai agravar as condições ambientais da vida das gerações futuras. Na região Norte do Brasil, os sistemas elétricos isolados, em função do tipo das fontes energéticas e das grandes distâncias envolvidas, apresentam altos custos de operação e manutenção. As empresas apresentam índices de perdas elevadíssimos, que inviabilizam totalmente o negócio, razão pela qual, até hoje, vários são os mecanismos de subsídios associados ao mesmo, visando a viabilização do serviço de energia elétrica. O presente trabalho visa analisar a situação das perdas comerciais na região, dando ênfase ao ¿Caso Manaus¿, procurando identificar as suas causas e efeitos, tanto para a sociedade em geral como para os empresários do setor. Mais especificamente, se abordará o estudo de caso da empresa Manaus Energia S/A, por ser a maior dos sistemas isolados e por apresentar índices de perdas muito acima do admissível e da média das concessionárias do Setor Elétrico Nacional
Abstract: The financial-economical equilibrium guaranteed by the concession contract made by the concessionaries before the granting power, has as a prerogative an acting management by the service agent owner. That evidences its technical and commercial control, as well as the promotion of the technological development of the granted services. In such a context, it is of great importance that the concessionary receipt, product of its management in the acquisition of the energy to be used, as well as in its effective availability, be driven towards the market and the consumers with the quality requested with compatible prices at the middle income of the local population and with a loss percentage balanced to the technology available. The control of such technical and commercial loss in the companies of the electric field is fundamental to the accomplishment of the concessionary objectives and to the population attending.The lack of an effective control about the loss generates waste, non-efficiency and leads to elevated costs. In the Amazon area, the energetic sources are supported by thermic park which burn fossil matter. Besides, in such conditions the energetic waste provokes unnecessary waste to the nature. The emissions of particled material and gases from the greenhouse effect, in the condition of great commercial losses of the electric field companies are higher what will worsen the environmental conditions of the future generations life. In Brazil north region, the isolated electric systems due to the kind of the energetic sources and the great distances involved, lead to high costs of operation and maintenance. The companies show very high losses rates which make the business completely unfeasible, that is the reason, nowadays, due to many are the resources of subsidies associated attempting the availability of the electric energy service. The present work aims to analyze the state of the commercial losses in the region, emphasizing ¿Manaus case¿, searching the causes and effects identification, to the society in general, as to the sector entrepreneurs. More specifically, there will be approached the case study of Manaus Energia S/A company, for being the biggest of the isolated systems and for presenting a loss rate much higher from the admissible and the average of the National Electric Sector concessionaries
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Філянін, Данило Володимирович. "Методи і засоби інформаційного забезпечення режимів електричних мереж в умовах низької якості електроенергії". Thesis, Національний технічний університет України "Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/40949.
Повний текст джерелаThesis for the PhD degree in technical sciences, Specialty 05.14.02 – power plants and electric power complexes. National technical university of Ukraine "Kyiv polytechnic institute", Kyiv, 2019. The thesis is oriented to the scientific and applied problem - harmonic distortion sources detection in distribution systems (DS), improving the electromagnetic compatibility of electrical equipment, increasing the reliability of electric power supply by creating a diagnostic and control system. The use of distributed measurements to distortions source detection is justified. A modification of the method of harmonic analysis is developed to increase the reliability of distortions sources detection. Based on the study’s results, methods for distributing compensation payments between DS`s subjects that consume harmonics power are proposed. A number of recommendations on the practical application of the results of the thesis work have been developed. A method for indirect monitoring of the temperature of cable lines is proposed.
Illikainen, M. (Mirja). "Mechanisms of thermomechanical pulp refining." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514289064.
Повний текст джерелаФілянін, Данило Володимирович. "Методи і засоби інформаційного забезпечення режимів електричних мереж в умовах низької якості електроенергії". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/40946.
Повний текст джерелаThesis for the PhD degree in technical sciences, Specialty 05.14.02 – power plants and electric power complexes. National technical university of Ukraine "Kyiv polytechnic institute", Kyiv, 2019. The thesis is oriented to the scientific and applied problem - harmonic distortion sources detection in distribution systems (DS), improving the electromagnetic compatibility of electrical equipment, increasing the reliability of electric power supply by creating a diagnostic and control system. The use of distributed measurements to distortions source detection is justified. A modification of the method of harmonic analysis is developed to increase the reliability of distortions sources detection. Based on the study’s results, methods for distributing compensation payments between DS`s subjects that consume harmonics power are proposed. A number of recommendations on the practical application of the results of the thesis work have been developed. A method for indirect monitoring of the temperature of cable lines is proposed.
SILVA, Elson Natanael Moreira. "ESTIMAÇÃO PROBABILÍSTICA DO NÍVEL DE DISTORÇÃO HARMÔNICA TOTAL DE TENSÃO EM REDES DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO SECUNDÁRIAS COM GERAÇÃO DISTRIBUÍDA FOTOVOLTAICA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1296.
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CNPQ
A problem of electric power quality that always affects the consumers of the distribution network are the harmonic distortions. Harmonic distortions arise from the presence of socalled harmonic sources, which are nonlinear equipment, i.e., equipment in which the voltage waveform differs from the current. Such equipment injects harmonic currents in the network generating distortions in the voltage waveform. Nowadays, the number of these equipment in the electrical network has increased considerably. However, the increasing use of such equipment over the network makes systems more vulnerable and prone to quality problems in the supply of electricity to consumers. In addition, it is important to note that in the current scenario, the generation of electricity from renewable sources, connected in the secondary distribution network, is increasing rapidly. This is mainly due to shortage and high costs of fossil fuels. In this context, the Photovoltaic Distributed Generation (PVDG), that uses the sun as a primary source for electric energy generation, is the main technology of renewable generation installed in distribution network. However, the PVDG is a potential source of harmonics, because the interface of the PVDG with the CA network is carried out by a CC/CA inverter, that is a highly nonlinear equipment. Thus, the electrical power quality problems associated with harmonic distortion in distribution networks tend to increase and be very frequent. One of the main indicators of harmonic distortion is the total harmonic distortion of voltage ( ) used by distribution utilities to limit the levels of harmonic distortion present in the electrical network. In the literature there are several deterministic techniques to estimate . These techniques have the disadvantage of not considering the uncertainties present in the electric network, such as: change in the network configuration, load variation, intermittence of the power injected by renewable distributed generation. Therefore, in order to provide a more accurate assessment of the harmonic distortions, this dissertation has as main objective to develop a probabilistic methodology to estimate the level of in secondary distribution networks considering the uncertainties present in the network and PVDG connected along the network. The methodology proposed in this dissertation is based on the combination of the following techniques: three-phase harmonic power flow in phase coordinate via method sum of admittance, point estimate method and series expansion of Gram-Charlier. The validation of the methodology was performed using the Monte Carlo Simulation. The methodology was tested in European secondary distribution network with 906 nodes of 416 V. The results were obtained by performing two case studies: without the presence of PVDG and with the PVDG connection. For the case studies, the following statistics for nodal were estimated: mean value, standard deviation and the 95% percentile. The results showed that the probabilistic estimation of is more complete, since it shows the variation of due to the uncertainties associated with harmonic sources and electric network. In addition, they show that the connection of PV-DG in the electric network significantly affects the levels of of the electric network.
Um problema de qualidade de energia elétrica que afeta os consumidores da rede de distribuição secundária são as distorções harmônicas. As distorções harmônicas são provenientes da presença das chamadas fontes de harmônicas que são equipamentos de características não-lineares, ou seja, equipamentos em que a forma de onda da tensão difere da de corrente. Tais equipamentos injetam correntes harmônicas na rede produzindo, portanto distorções na forma de onda da tensão. Nos dias atuais, a quantidade desses equipamentos na rede elétrica tem aumentado consideravelmente. Porém, o uso crescente desse tipo de equipamento ao longo da rede torna os sistemas mais vulneráveis e propensos a apresentarem problemas de qualidade no fornecimento de energia elétrica aos consumidores. Além disso, é importante destacar que no cenário atual, a geração de energia elétrica a partir de fontes renováveis, conectada na rede de distribuição secundária, está aumentando rapidamente. Isso se deve principalmente devido a escassez e altos custos dos combustíveis fosseis. Neste contexto, a Geração Distribuída Fotovoltaica (GDFV), que utiliza o sol como fonte primária para geração de energia elétrica, é a principal tecnologia de geração renovável instalada na rede de distribuição no Brasil. Contudo, a GDFV é uma potencial fonte de harmônica, pois a interface da GDFV com a rede CA é realizada por um inversor CC/CA, que é um equipamento altamente não-linear. Desde modo, os problemas de qualidade de energia elétrica associados à distorção harmônica nas redes de distribuição tendem a aumentar e a serem bem frequentes nos consumidores da rede de distribuição secundárias. Um dos principais indicadores de distorção harmônica é a distorção harmônica total de tensão ( do inglês “Total Harmonic Distortion of Voltage”) utilizada pelas concessionárias de energia elétrica para quantificar os níveis de distorção harmônica presentes na rede elétrica. Na literatura técnica existem várias técnicas determinísticas para estimar a . Essas técnicas possuem a desvantagem de não considerar as incertezas presentes na rede elétrica, tais como: mudança na configuração da rede, variação de carga e intermitência da potência injetada pela geração distribuída renovável. Portanto, a fim de fornecer uma avaliação mais precisa das distorções harmônicas, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia probabilística para estimar o nível de em redes de distribuição secundária considerando as incertezas presentes na rede e na GDFV conectada ao longo da rede. A metodologia proposta nesta dissertação se baseia na combinação das seguintes técnicas: fluxo de potência harmônico trifásico em coordenadas de fase via método de soma de admitância, método de estimação por pontos e expansão em série de Gram-Charlier. Além disso, a validação da metodologia foi realizada utilizando a Simulação Monte Carlo. A metodologia desenvolvida foi testada na rede de distribuição secundária europeia com 906 nós de 416 V. Os resultados foram obtidos realizando dois casos de estudos: sem a presença de GDFV e com a conexão de GDFV. Para ambos os casos de estudo as seguintes estatísticas do nodal foram estimadas: valor médio, desvio padrão e o percentil de 95%. Os resultados demonstraram que a estimação probabilística da é mais completa, pois mostra a variação da devido às incertezas associadas com as fontes de harmônicas e as da rede elétrica. Os resultados também mostram que a conexão da GDFV afeta significativamente os níveis de da rede elétrica
Delalande, Benjamin. "Du discours publicitaire au discours social des entreprises : comment l'enseigne E. Leclerc investit le débat social ?" Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20006/document.
Повний текст джерелаAdvertising discourse today is no longer limited to only a technical description of products, but also participates in the construction of values. In that way it is attuned to social currents and aspirations of individuals. The emergence of new consumer behaviors requires brands to renew their communication strategies, even to change the social role of advertising. In the mid-eighties, the Benetton brand proposed a political vision of consumption supported by advertising discourse that no longer boasts the qualities of the product or does not use the hedonic dimension of consumption. Rather, it refers to current events usually treated by the media discourse, and is intended for citizens and consumers. Since then other economic actors follow this approach. From a semiotic analysis of advertisements of E. Leclerc, the objective of this research is to demonstrate the existence of a particular advertising discourse which is no longer conventional since it carries a political dimension. Featuring a militant stance on ecological matters or purchasing power, the brand transgresses the codes of advertising discourse to claim a civic engagement. The analysis results also show that the emergence of a field which is relatively distant from the commercial function of the brand reflects the evolution of postmodern society to leave the management of the general interest to private companies, to detriment of public action
Menon, Maurício. "Eficiência energética e otimização do tamanho do payload em redes de sensores sem fio utilizando códigos convolucionais." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2837.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper studies the impact of the payload size in the energy efficiency in a point-to-point link in a wireless sensor network using convolutional codes. Two channel models are considered, AWGN and Rayleigh, representing distinct conditions with respect to the severity of the link. In this context, signal-to-noise ratio, code rate and payload size are optimized. The numeric results obtained through simulations show that there is an optimal point for the payload size, which depends on the transmission distance, and which provides gains in the overall energy efficiency, especially in short range links.
Jichova, Miroslava. "Gendered Representations of Jazz Vocal Artists: A Critical Discourse Analysis of CD and Performance Reviews, and Interviews." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/569.
Повний текст джерелаBurich, Mariano Eduardo. "A cross layer analysis of harq protocols in wireless networks." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2570.
Повний текст джерелаThis work studies the potential improvements in terms of energy efficiency and throughput of a hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) mechanism. The analysis includes both the physical (PHY) and medium access (MAC) layers. We investigate the trade-off provided by HARQ, which demands reduced transmit power for a given target outage probability at the cost of more accesses to the channel. Since the competition for channel access at the MAC layer is very expensive in terms of energy and delay, our results show that HARQ leads to great performance improvements due to the decrease in the number of contending nodes – a consequence of the reduced required transmit power. Counter-intuitively, our analysis leads to the conclusion that retransmissions may decrease the delay, improving the system performance. Finally, we investigate the optimum values for the number of allowed retransmissions in order to maximize either the throughput or the energy efficiency.
Ait, el mahjoub Youssef. "Performance evaluation of green IT networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG011.
Повний текст джерелаEnergy saving in telecommunication networks is a major objective to reduce overall consumption. The IT sector already has a very high contribution to this increase. Indeed, many techniques to reduce consumption in other industries or services results in more IT and telecommunications (the "Green by IT" approach) and therefore in an increase of consumption in IT domains. It is therefore important from an economical point of view to reduce the energy consumption per transmitted or calculated bit (the "Green IT" concept). In the networks domain, energy optimization is mainly based on an adaptation of the architecture and the resources employed according to the traffic flows to be transported and the promised quality of service. We therefore seek to adapt resources to demand, which results in a dynamic dimensioning adapted to the load. This is by nature different from the worst-case dimensioning commonly used. In terms of technology, this requires network equipment to have "sleep", "deep sleep" or "hibernate" modes (terminology varies among suppliers), but all of these modes are associated with the same concept: putting the equipment to sleep to reduce its energy consumption. For the performance/energy trade-off to be relevant, it seems important to use energy consumption formulas obtained from the network resource utilization. The approaches we propose are based on the theory of queuing networks, Markov chain analysis (analytically by proposing new product forms and numerically by suggesting new resolution algorithms) and the theory of stochastic comparison.At the application level we have addressed various issues: DVFS mechanisms with a change of processors speed, task migration between physical servers in a data center (load balancing, consolidation), optical networks with efficient filling of optical containers, intermittent power distribution in a sensor network (and LoRa network) including a new model of Energy Packet Networks (EPNs)
Queiroz, Altamira de Souza. "Algoritmos de inteligência computacional utilizados na detecção de fraudes nas redes de distribuição de energia elétrica." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1030.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
One of the main problems currently faced by electric utilities is the occurrence of energy losses in the distribution network caused by fraud and electricity theft. Because of the financial losses and risks to public safety, the development of solutions to detect and combat fraud in the distribution networks is of the utmost importance. This work presents an analysis of computational intelligence algorithms to extract knowledge in databases with information from monthly energy consumption to identify consumption patterns with anomalies which could represent fraud. The algorithms Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines were tested to see which one perform better on the identification consumption patterns with abnormalities. Tests have shown that the algorithms used are able to detect patterns in electricity consumption curves, including special situations of fraud that manual techniques did not detect.
Um dos principais problemas que enfrentam atualmente as empresas concessionárias de energia elétrica é a ocorrência de perdas de energia na rede de distribuição, causadas por fraudes e furtos de energia elétrica. Sendo que tais problemas provocam prejuízos financeiros e também colocam em risco a segurança pública, é de grande interesse das concessionárias encontrar soluções para detectar e combater fraudes nas redes de distribuição de energia elétrica. Neste conceito, o presente trabalho apresenta uma análise dos algoritmos de Inteligência Computacional para extrair conhecimento de bases de dados de informações de consumo mensal de energia elétricas de usuários de uma determinada concessionária, a fim de identificar padrões de consumo com anomalias que representem possíveis fraudes nas redes de distribuição de energia elétrica. Para detectar padrões nas curvas de consumo, foram utilizados algoritmos de Redes Neurais Artificiais e Máquinas de Vetores de Suporte. Após a criação dos modelos, estes foram testados para verificar qual seria o melhor algoritmo para a detecção de padrões de consumo com anomalias, e os resultados obtidos, foram então, comparados com uma base de dados fornecida pela concessionária com a verificação manual dos usuários. Os testes demonstraram que os algoritmos utilizados são capazes de detectar padrões nas curvas de consumo de energia elétrica, inclusive detectando situações especiais de fraudes que técnicas manuais não detectaram.
Huang, Heng-Liang, and 黃恆亮. "On Power Consumption Estimation and Power Distribution Profiling for VLSI Circuit." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w4rc4t.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
電子工程系所
92
As the semiconductor technology getting advances, the density of the devices and the metal lines are growing too large to keep the heat conduction problem unnoticed. Furthermore, the heat generated by the circuits is boosted with the ramping of the operating speed. Improperly heat conduction can lead to the smoking of the chip, torturing or breaking of the metal lines, or shifting of the performance. All these problems can be prevented by the power consumption estimation and optimization before taping out the chip. There are many ways of estimating power corresponding to different purposes. For example, we need to estimate energy consumption for battery endurance, we need the power consumption for temperature analysis, and we need the average current for wire width design, and the current density for reliability analysis. Although these measurements are all clearly defined, but they have a common problem that they are input signal dependent. To do the power analysis without lost of generality, we propose an automatic power profiler which is integrated into the most accurate circuit simulator - SPICE. With the power profiler, users can get a visual figure of the power consumption distribution instead of numbers with uncertainties. In this dissertation, we first analyze the relation between input statistics and the power consumption of the integrated circuits. The power sensitivities of inputs are proven to be effective provided the nominal points are selected properly. With this acknowledge, the power sensitivity sum of each input can be used to indicate the power consumption tendency of the input vectors, and to stratify the input vectors with. After the stratification, the sample variance can be reduced when simulating the input vectors selective. In addition, we found that stratification with power sensitivity can prevent the pre-matured estimation when estimating the average power consumption with Monte Carlo method. We also proposed a new way of stratification that is suitable for stratifying infinite length input sequences based on POST and POSTIV. By putting these findings together, we have modified the SPICE circuit simulator to be a tool that can visualize the distribution of the power consumption according to the user specified input statistics or input sequences.
Lu, Shao-ching, and 呂少青. "Investigating the relationship of power consumption and program resources distribution in multi-core processor architecture." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64290199669329778920.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
100
With the explosive growth of data processing capacity demand, the multi-core processor architecture has been applied to increase the efficiency and capability of computing. Consequently, it results a considerable difference on the average power consumption and temperature curve comparing to single core processor. However, while emphasizing on enhancing the efficiency of processor and meeting the consumer electronics trend of lighter weight and slim size, how to lower power consumption with temperature control and increasing the processor computing capability becomes the key technology. In a computer system, the processor usually consumes the largest proportion of power among the whole system. It draws the researchers and product developers’ attention to the processors’ power consumption under different operation modes. In this paper, we proposed a multi-core processor power measurement system; two topics have been studied: (1) the comparison of power consumption under the same test programs (Benchmark) between different number of executing cores, and the relationship of executing core numbers and total power consumption; (2) the effect of Intel Turbo Boost technology on power consumption and CPU performance. Two important findings are derived from the experiments. First, according to the results of executing the same program with different number of cores, the multi-core systems can save 10% power consumption with 10% performance improvement compared to the single core system in the light-loading mode. Moreover, when the system is in the heavy-loading mode, multi-core processors can save 75% power consumption and have a 95% performance improvement in comparing to single core processor. Second, when Intel Turbo Boost technology is activated, the power consumption increases about 10% with the efficiency increased more than 9%. However, when the system is in the heavy-loading state, Turbo Boost increases the power consumption about 1% without significant improvement in performance. In addition, the experiments indicate that the temperature on each processor core also decreases with the increment of active core numbers. This study demonstrated that increasing the number of processor cores can effectively reduce the total power consumption of the system and improve the performance. Therefore, system designers may have further studies on multi-core processing architecture to explore how to improve system performance and save more power consumption in the light-loading condition.
Penn, Joseph J. "The use of steady-state level combinations and signal event edge correlations in the disaggregation of total power measurements." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22697.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented extends and contributes to research in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), focussing on steady-state and transient power measurement disaggregation techniques for circuits containing household ap- pliances. Although previous work in this area has produced and evaluated a wide range of NILM approaches, much of it has involved the use of datasets captured from real-world household implementations. In such cases, the lack of accurate ground truth data makes it di cult to assess disaggregation tech- niques. In the research presented, three NILM techniques are comparatively evaluated using measurements from typical household appliances assembled within a laboratory environment, where accurate ground truth data could be compiled to complement the measurements. This allows for the accu- racy of the various disaggregation approaches to be precisely evaluated. It is demonstrated that the correlation of transient event edges in aggregated power measurements to individual appliance transient exemplars performs better than the matching of steady-state power levels against individual ap- pliance state combinations. Furthermore, the transient approach is shown to be the most appropriate technique for further development.
MT2017
Wei, Hsiao-Chieh, and 魏小傑. "The effects of Total Quality Management on the Operating Quality in the electricnic power distribution system —The evidence from the Taiwan Power Company." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rcf9v8.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北商業技術學院
商學研究所
101
Product quality plays the key role of the market dominance of an enterprise. All enterprises put great amount of resources into quality control activities to enhance their competitiveness. As the product quality of Taiwan Power Company , the electricity, is greatly related to the product quality of all enterprises, we explored in this study the qualitative determinants of Taiwan Power Company distribution lines by Total Quality Management methods. According to the study, the determinants include the support of policymakers, the soundness of the management system of contractors, the soundness of the management system of customer relationships, the soundness of the quality feedback system, and the soundness of the management system of service processes. Taipower are suggested to invest their limited resources on these 5 determinants to enhance their total service quality and meet customers’ needs. This study covers the distribution line maintenance departments of Taipower’s district offices across the country. We sent totally 210 questionnaires, and among the 175 responses, 153 were valid. We ran the confirmatory factor analysis to recognize the scale with reliability and validity, then we used regression analysis to verify the hypothesis. Our research results confirmed that the qualitative determinants of Taipower’s distribution line are the support of policymakers, the soundness of the management system of contractors, the soundness of the management system of customer relationships, the soundness of the quality feedback system, and the soundness of the management system of service processes; all these determinants have significant positive effects to the quality of Taipower’s distribution system. Accordingly, we proposed the management implications and specific recommendations as references for practical applications and follow-up studies.
Greyvenstein, Laurence Cornelius. "Energy management : technological, environmental and economical factors influencing the operating regime at Majuba Power Station." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7522.
Повний текст джерелаIn a country that ranks forty seventh on a list of fifty countries in a world competitive survey economic growth should be a high priority in South Africa. The main player in South Africa's energy industry took up the gauntlet and is moving to economic growth with the vision 'to provide the world's cheapest electricity for growth and prosperity." Competition was introduced among the electricity producers by a process called trading and brokering. Majuba power station, the most expensive electricity producer on the South African grid, was left out in the cold. Management of Majuba is challenged to derive resourceful strategies to ensure sustained profitability. These strategies will require a study into world trends to enable them to be more competitive. Crystal ball gazing is not needed to know that major restrictions on pollution of the atmosphere by industry will be curbed by stringent legislation. The current electrification programme in South Africa is bound to impact the shape of the daily load curve. Labour cost and the rate of inflation have been increasing and can be expected to keep on rising in the foreseeable future. It is important to know what macro effect these factors will have on the South African power industry. Majuba must be able to identify the changes lurking on the horizon and have contingency plans in place to meet these challenges. In this work different types of plant needed to meet the daily load demand are researched from literature. It is then compared to the types of plant installed in South Africa. This leads to the conclusion that the installed plant in South Africa is not sufficient to meet the daily demand effectively. A case study is done on Majuba Power Station that has been operating in a two shifting mode since December 1996. This means that the units is started every day to be on full load in time for morning peak and then shut down after evening peak. It is also shown that this mode of operation is proffitable for a relatively expensive power generator.
Thanyani, Maduvhahafani. "Forecasting hourly electricity demand in South Africa using machine learning models." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1595.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Statistics
Short-term load forecasting in South Africa using machine learning and statistical models is discussed in this study. The research is focused on carrying out a comparative analysis in forecasting hourly electricity demand. This study was carried out using South Africa’s aggregated hourly load data from Eskom. The comparison is carried out in this study using support vector regression (SVR), stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), artificial neural networks (NN) with generalized additive model (GAM) as a benchmark model in forecasting hourly electricity demand. In both modelling frameworks, variable selection is done using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso). The SGB model yielded the least root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) on testing data. SGB model also yielded the least RMSE, MAE and MAPE on training data. Forecast combination of the models’ forecasts is done using convex combination and quantile regres- sion averaging (QRA). The QRA was found to be the best forecast combination model ibased on the RMSE, MAE and MAPE.
NRF
Ravele, Thakhani. "Medium term load forecasting in South Africa using Generalized Additive models with tensor product interactions." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1165.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Statistics
Forecasting of electricity peak demand levels is important for decision makers in Eskom. The overall objective of this study was to develop medium term load forecasting models which will help decision makers in Eskom for planning of the operations of the utility company. The frequency table of hourly daily demands was carried out and the results show that most peak loads occur at hours 19:00 and 20:00, over the period 2009 to 2013. The study used generalised additive models with and without tensor product interactions to forecast electricity demand at 19:00 and 20:00 including daily peak electricity demand. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and Lasso via hierarchical interactions were used for variable selection to increase the model interpretability by eliminating irrelevant variables that are not associated with the response variable, this way also over tting is reduced. The parameters of the developed models were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood and penalized regression. The best models were selected based on smallest values of the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Generalized cross validation (GCV) along with the highest Adjusted R2. Forecasts from best models with and without tensor product interactions were evaluated using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Operational forecasting was proposed to forecast the demand at hour 19:00 with unknown predictor variables. Empirical results from this study show that modelling hours individually during the peak period results in more accurate peak forecasts compared to forecasting daily peak electricity demand. The performance of the proposed models for hour 19:00 were compared and the generalized additive model with tensor product interactions was found to be the best tting model.
NRF