Дисертації з теми "Distribution de Temps de Séjour (DTS)"
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Gbané, Ahmadou. "Développement d'une méthode d'analyse DTS solide." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1898.
Повний текст джерелаThe efficiency of a heat treatment chamber depends on thermo-aeraulic conditions of the internal flow of phases in reaction. Thus, the determination of the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) was a global method of analysis used a long time in process engineering. It is a key parameter for a good interpretation of the macroscopic reactional processes in the processing units. It permits also to diagnose and to optimize the functioning conditions of thermal installations. The techniques for the determination of the RTD of solid phases remain delicate and complex to implement than those of gas phases. The choice of tracer depends then on the method used to detect the batch of tracer particles at the inlet and outlet of reactor. Some techniques were developped with the goal of as a simple determination of the solid RTD, but most are disruptive methods of the main flow. In this work, we develop a new tool for determining the distribution of residence time of the solid phase, based on the luminescence of the particles previously coated with phosphorent pigments. This optical method, non-intrusive and flexible employment, was first put in place at the laboratory scale, on an aeraulic trial bench. It was then applied on a circulating fluidized bed (CFB), in order of the validation at the semi-industrial scale. Its coupling with a gas RTD technique by tracing with the helium, has permit to deduct flow parameters such as average speed slip solid / gas and the void fraction of the diphasique transport
Mange, Christian. "Étude d'une réaction à haute température et court temps de séjour : la dégradation du glucose : contribution à l'étude d'un réacteur à haute température et court temps de séjour : l'extrudeur bi-vis." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI243.
Повний текст джерелаOuhaddad, Farès. "Caractérisation d'enceintes de traitement thermique par analyse des DTS des phases gaz et solides." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1731.
Повний текст джерелаThe legislature imposes the implementation of the 3T rule in order to ensure a correct conduct and performance of waste heat treatment installations. However, while the minimum levels of treatment temperature and air excess can be easily checked; the time of least residence of fumes suffers from a possible absence of site control. Our work leads to the characterization of hot enclosures internal aerodynamics. Thanks to our developed methodology, from now on, it is not only possible to measure the actual time of gases residence in a heat treatment enclosure during the course of operation; but it is also possible to analyze the internal flow pathologies of fumes in a given installation, and that's by analysing the internal age's distribution of the gas molecules constituting the fume. This type of measurement can be carried out on site, thanks to a portable injection\detection metrological set. We extended the mentioned methodology, to the determination of the residence time distribution particulate (SRTD). The existing sampling/analyzing system was initially applied to the characterization of solid/gas flows of a circulating fluidized bed model. Then, it was used for the procedure of the determination of solids residence time (SRTD). Finally, the coupling of the SRTD methodology with the GRTD methodology, was applied on the determination of gas/solid flow aeraulic parameters (velocities: gas, particle and slide, porosity. . . )
Desjardins, Anouk. "Détermination des temps de séjour dans les réseaux de distribution d'eau potable par traitement du signal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/MQ48848.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBahmed, Abdelhakim. "Caractérisation et optimisation de l'hydrodynamique d'un four à gaz par analyse de la distribution des temps de séjour." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD860.
Повний текст джерелаAinser, Auder. "Etude des écoulements et réactions chimiques en extrudeuse bi-vis : approche expérimentale : utilisation de la distribution des temps de séjour." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4014.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Xian-Ming. "Simulation par CFD et mesure en ligne de la distribution des temps de séjour et la qualité de mélange dans une extrudeuse bi-vis." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL066N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of new materials with improved properties seems to rely nowadays more on blending and compounding than on the synthesis of chemically new polymers. Mixing may have a great effect on the morphology and structure of multi-component polymer materials. Twin-screw extruders (TSE) are widely used as mixers/reactors for blending, compounding, and reactive processing. This work aimed at developing a new instrument to measure in real time the residence time distribution (RTD) which characterizes the axial mixing and transport abilities of different screw elements based on the analysis of the transient flow pattern and systematic evaluation of mixing theory in TSE. Distributive mixing of polymer melts is characterized by the generation of interfacial area, which is experimentally much more difficult to measure. This 3D numerical simulation based on CFD is adopted
Delisle, François-Julien. "Amélioration de la connaissance des temps de séjour en réseau de distribution en vue de l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau potable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26381/26381.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBoissonnat, Philippe. "Étude paramétrique et modélisation des écoulements de la matière par analyse de la distribution des temps de séjour dans trois cuiseurs-extrudeurs bi-vis." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD283.
Повний текст джерелаRochova, Kristina. "Effet de la modification de structure des végétaux et de la convection naturelle dans le solvant sur l'extraction supercritique." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00397791.
Повний текст джерелаHouang, Paul. "Étude hydrodynamique des systèmes lagunaires." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI190.
Повний текст джерелаVafaei, Alamdari Mahvand. "Étude d’un réacteur chimique structuré de type échangeur à plaques hautes performances à l’aide d’un modèle à compartiments détaillé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_VAFAEI_ALAMDARI_M.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe implementation of exothermic chemical reactions is strongly limited by the dissipation of the heat generated. Because of this, a new concept of structured heat exchanger reactor has been developed by Alfa Laval. This reactor is named OPR (Open Plate Reactor). This reactor is based on high performances heat plate exchanger in which small inserts allow a good mixing of the reactants. Moreover the reactants may be injected in several points whereas numerous configurations allow to alternate co-current and counter-current flows between reactive fluid and cooling fluid depending on the needs. Residence Time Distribution (RTD) experiments have been carried out to characterize the fluid behaviour. The experiments have been conducted in a large range of operating flow-rates and for several viscosities. The flow behaviour has been modelled by the perfect mixing cells in series exchanging with a stagnant zone. The time of exchanging and the volume of the stagnant zone have been precisely estimated as a function of viscosities and flow-rates. The heat and mass balances have been added into this model in order to simulate three chemical reactions in homogeneous liquid medium for which the kinetic’s is well known : Alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate, Alkaline hydrolysis of ethylene glycol diacetate, Oxidation of sodium thiosulphate by hydrogen peroxide. A reasonable agreement has been found between experimental results and simulations both for productivity and selectivity of the reactions. For the exothermic reaction the experimental and simulated temperature profiles have been compared. The model gives a reasonable representation except under certain conditions for which the amplitude of the hot point is over estimated. This difference provides that the axial conduction in the solid is not taken into account in the model. The model has been used to study the behaviour of the reactor for several configurations for which experimental results are not still available. Moreover a new concept of compartmental model has been developed to simulate the results obtained with reaction tests for micro mixing evaluation of the reactant’s inlet
Bénézech, Thierry. "Étude de la distribution des temps de séjour, des performances thermiques et de la consommation de puissance d'échangeurs de chaleur à surface raclée traitant des produits non-newtoniens." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10432.
Повний текст джерелаMonchatre, Benjamin. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale d'un outil de mélange de type co-malaxeur : application aux polymères." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD work is to gain a better understanding of the co-kneading process, whose knowledge is still lacking compared to other types of mixer such as the single screw extruder or the twin-screw extruder. This manuscript features several experimental studies about the co-kneader. The influence of screw speed and throughput was explored by measurements of the residence time distribution, material temperature, die pressure, filling rate, as well as dispersion of glass fibers. The influence of the viscosity of the polymer melt on the residence time distribution, die pressure and temperature within the co-kneader, was also investigated by varying the barrel temperature or the molecular weight of the polymer. The RTD is similar regardless of the viscosity, despite differences in pressure and material temperature. The influence of the screw profile on the RTD was obtained by experiments interchanging locally the types of elements (conveying and mixing). A method of measurement of the pressure along the barrel by micro-capillary extrusion through the location of pins in the barrel was developped, pressure gradients are similar to those obtained in twin-screw extruders. Finally, a series of experiments was dedicated to the gelation of PVC evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, and showed that the temperature governs the gelation rate
Gai, Jing-Gang. "Etudes théoriques et expérimentales de la processabilité du polyéthylène à ultra-haute masse molaire." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL039N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of new materials with improved properties seems to rely nowadays more on blending and compounding than on the synthesis of chemically new polymers. Mixing may have a great effect on the morphology and structure of multi-component polymer materials. Twin-screw extruders (TSE) are widely used as mixers/reactors for blending, compounding, and reactive processing. This work aimed at developing a new instrument to measure in real time the residence time distribution (RTD) which characterizes the axial mixing and transport abilities of different screw elements based on the analysis of the transient flow pattern and systematic evaluation of mixing theory in TSE. Distributive mixing of polymer melts is characterized by the generation of interfacial area, which is experimentally much more difficult to measure. This 3D numerical simulation based on CFD is adopted
Dedewanou, Myriam. "Vulnérabilité spécifique des forages vis-à-vis des phytosanitaires : moélisation et application au Val d'Orléans." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe specific vulnerability estimations for the groundwater resources are GIS methods that establish spatial qualitative indices which determine the sensitivity of infiltration from surface contaminants. On the other hand, the transfer functions, using the Residence Time Distribution (RTD), are used to predict temporal water quality change in a borehole, but they do not integrate the spatial variability of the land use. Based on an analytic (advection / dispersion equation) approach, a simple GIS-linked RTD model for groundwater transport has been developed. The tool estimates the water quality from the vulnerability map dataset. This method enables to validate the specific vulnerability maps with the water quality monitoring at the borehole. It links the impacts of land use with the temporal evolution of the water quality. A equivalent formulation parameters is proposed to take into account the hydrodynamic characteristics of the soil compartments (unsaturated zone and Saturated Zone). A theoretical validation of the approach is made from finite-difference groundwater models: HYDRUS and MODFLOW. Also, an application of the RTD compilation was realized on the Val d’Orléans karstic aquifer. This last methodology allowed to determine the RTD of pesticides into the groundwater and highlighted the not insignificant presence of the metabolite of the metazachlor in the groundwater drilling. At the same time, the GIS-linked RTD model makes possible the localization of the contributing zones in the watershed
Bongo, Njeng Alex Stéphane. "Experimental study and modeling of hydrodynamic and heating characteristics of flighted rotary kilns." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work addresses a fundamental study on flighted rotary kilns. They are gas-solid reactors, used in a variety of industries to process heterogeneous media. However, operating these kilns mainly relies on the know-how of operators due to insufficient fundamental understanding. The aim of this work is to provide engineers with relevant tools and models to assist in the design stage and the performance improvement of existing operating process units, in particular indirectly heated rotary kilns, inclined and equipped with lifters. In the first part, we studied the effects of operating parameters on the flow of materials of differing properties and shape. For this purpose, residence time distribution measurements were performed through experimental stimulus response tests. Two pilot-scale rotary kilns with similar length-to-diameter ratios, but a dimension ratio of about two were used in this study. We focused on the effects of lifter shape and configurations. The effects of the rotational speed, the kiln slope, the mass flow rate and the exit dam height were also analyzed. The flow of solids was quantitatively characterized primarily by the experimental mean residence time, hold-up, and axial dispersion coefficient. Using a dimensional analysis, models were established to predict the mean residence time, the filling degree and the axial dispersion coefficient, providing basic information on the kiln design, solid particle properties and operating conditions. In the second part, we studied the heat transfer mechanisms occurring in the flighted rotary kiln by measuring temperature profiles at the wall, the freeboard gas and the bulk of solids. Analysis of the temperature profiles focused on two main issues: assessment of the heat transfer coefficient between wall and gas, and assessment of the heat transfer coefficient between wall and solid particles. The lumped system analysis and a heat balance using the power supplied for the heating were applied to determine the experimental heat transfer coefficients. The effects of operating conditions and lifting flights were analyzed. Both heat transfer coefficients were then correlated through dimensional considerations. Lastly a global dynamic model mainly based on the models developed in this study can be used to determine wall, gas and bulk solids axial temperature profiles in an indirectly heated flighted rotary kiln. This global model needs to be completed with specific models related to a reaction so as to be used as a framework for the simulation of specific industrial rotary kilns
François, Olivier. "Préparation et utilisation de carburants à base de charbon : Les ultracarbofluides, expérimentations et modélisations." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPE094.
Повний текст джерелаColin, Baptiste. "Modélisation de la torréfaction de plaquettes de bois en four tournant et validation expérimentale à l’échelle d’un pilote continu de laboratoire." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0015/document.
Повний текст джерелаTorrefaction is a thermal treatment at low temperature (250-300°C) used to improve biomass properties. Torrefied biomass has a higher energy density, it is more hydrophobic and more brittle. In this study, a one-dimensional numerical model of torrefaction in a rotary kiln has been developed. The wood chips flow, the thermal transfers, the drying step and the torrefaction kinetics have been modelled separately. These submodels have been experimentally validated before being implemented together. The model can thus predict the temperature and the mass loss of wood chips along the kiln. These results are in good agreement with values obtained during torrefaction experiments in the pilot-scale rotary kiln. In parallel, torrefied biomass has been analysed in terms of composition, heating value and structural properties with emphasis on the decrease of grinding energy consumption
Fradette, Louis. "Étude de l'efficacité de dispersion des mélangeurs statiques Sulzer Smx." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL090N.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work aims at fulfilling the lack of information about a static mixer's ability to effectively disperse fluids of various viscosities in laminar flow regime. The effect of various operating conditions (such as viscosity ratios, volume fraction, number of mixer and rheology of the continuous phase) on the resulting dispersion are reported. The resulting drop diameter is used as a basis of comparison between the different sets of conditions. The measurement is done directly at the outlet of the mixers with an optical apparatus. It is also shown that using non-Newtonian fluid as a continuous phase can be treated as if it was Newtonian through the use of a process viscosity. With this viscosity, it is feasible to get precious information about fluid rheology, directly online. The last aspect of the experiment work consists in a feasibility study of dispersing pigments in a static mixer without the help of any chemical. The major result shows an inverse relation between the number of mixer elements and the volume fraction of the pigment. A second aspect of this study is to use information gathered from 3D finite element simulations to backup and understand the experimental results. If, for the moment, a direct simulation of two dispersed phases is unthinkable, it is perfectly possible to obtain useful information through one phase simulation results. A residence Time Distribution study clearly shows that the actual, most widely used, algorithm of particle tracking is unable to provide results. The intricate geometry of the mixer and the mesh used are both responsible or the poor results. It is also found that some fluid elements used in 3D simulations are inappropriate for this kind of study because they provide erroneous results. Various continuous phase rheology can also be tested and show almost no effect on the performance of the mixer as the experimental results
Pang, Haoran. "Etude de l'hydrodynamique, de l'élimination de la DCO et de la nitrification d'un nouveau lit bactérien segmenté." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this PhD work focused on the study of the COD removal and nitrification in a new designed Multi-Section Bioreactor (MSB). Hydrodynamic characterization of the reactor, biological experiments under contrasted conditions and simulations by Biowin® software were carried out:- Firstly, it was found that static liquid retention is the predominant part both without and with the presence of biofilm. Biofilm acts like a "sponge". RTD experiments showed that biofilm can promote liquid residence time, decrease the liquid film andpromote the oxygen transfer consequently.- Secondly, the MSB operated at contrasted organic loading rate (OLRs) and nitrogen loading rate (NLRs) showed that COD can be effectively removed (removal efficiency > 95%) and nitrification (> 60% of the N removal) occurred in this biofilter.Nitrification is efficient even in the first section implying no drastic oxygen limitation though only natural aeration is occurring.- Thirdly, a TF dynamic model has been used from a simulator - BioWin, in order to get more insights on the biomass distribution in the pilot and to assess the limiting process in each section of the bioreactor. Calibration of the model can help us to estimate theminimum oxygen requirement for nitrification for each zone inside the pilot and it can well represent the competition between heterotrophic growth and nitrification
Chazarenc, Florent. "Optimisation des systèmes de traitement des eaux usées domestiques par filtres plantés de macrophytes." Chambéry, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS032.
Повний текст джерелаIdeal for small communities of up 1000 residents, constructed wetlands (CWs) provide an environmentally sound alternative to traditional methods of wastewater treatment. In France, in response to a recent situation, there are 200 functioning CWs in 2003. Even though FrenchCWs are satisfactorily efficient, degradation mechanisms are still misunderstood. It is still possible to improve the french specific design of CWs. This thesis work has been conducted in this context. The aim was to determine some conceptual and optimisation parameters of the global filter behaviour. Several samples were collected between 2001 and 2003 in both pilot scale ans full scale CWs. Results were presented ans discussed in two chapters. The first focused on hydraulic and organic loading influence on hydraulic residence time distribution (HRT) occuring in horizontal flow. The objectives were to propose models and to quantify the potential dysfunctions. The second chapter presented vertical flow CW microbiology and its relationship with time and space. Results showed taht in horizontal flow constructed wetlands, there were treatment limitations for raw wastewater, causing hydraulic and biological deficiences and the effect of evapotranspiration was significant, increasing the HRT and the hydraulic efficiency. In vertical flow constructed wetlands, results showed that the development of a surface layer with time had an important role for hydraulic repartition, retention and biological diversity and that season and media size had a strong effect on biological catabolism. In winter and with small size media the conditions were more anaerobic that in summer with larger filtration material. To conclude, this thesis draws a first summary of the global behaviour and design limits of both horizontal and vertical CWs. Several optimisation suppositions for future research were recommended
Treguer, Véronique. "Recherche des conditions optimales de mise en contact de particules solides et de gouttelettes dans un réacteur à jets : application au craquage catalytique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_TREGUER_V.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCharlou, Christophe. "Caractérisation et modélisation de l’écoulement de boues résiduaires dans un sécheur à palettes." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0004/document.
Повний текст джерелаDrying is an unavoidable operation prior to sludge valorization in incineration, pyrolysis or gasification. The flexibility to adapt the solid content of the dried sludge to the demand is a major requirement of any drying system. This objective is difficult to reach for paddle dryers. Modeling the process is thus essential. Unfortunately, sludge rheological behavior is complex and computational fluid dynamics is out of reach for the time being. The concept of Residence Time Distribution (RTD) is used here to investigate sludge flow pattern in a paddle dryer. A reliable and reproducible protocol was established and implemented on a lab-Scale continuous dryer. Pulse injections of titanium oxide and of salt metals, with X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy as detection method, were used to characterize the RTD of anhydrous solid and wet sludge, respectively. Premixing the pasty sludge, for tracer powder dispersion for instance, changes the structure of the material. This was highlighted through the measurements of particle size distributions and characterization of rheological properties. However, drying experiments performed in batch emphasized that premixing does not have any influence on the kinetic and the sticky phase. The RTD curves of the anhydrous solid are superimposed on those of the moist sludge. Consequently, a simpler protocol, based on pulse injection of chloride sodium and offline conductivity measurements, was established. Easier to implement in industry and cheaper, this method proves to be as reliable as the first one. The influence of storage duration prior to drying was assessed. The mean residence time doubles when the storage duration changes from 24h to 48h. Finally, a model based on the theory of Markov chains has been developed to represent the RTD. The flow of anhydrous solids is described by a chain of n perfectly mixed cells, n corresponding to the number of paddles. The transition probabilities between the cells are governed by two parameters: the ratio of internal recirculation, R, and the solids hold-Up, MS. R is determined from the Van der Laan's relation and MS is identified by fitting the model to the experimental RTD. The model describes the flow pattern with a good accuracy. The computed hold-Up is lower than the experimental one. Part of the sludge is stuck to the walls of the dryer, acting as dead volumes in the process
Michon, Jérôme. "Etude de l’oxydation biologique de l’arsenic As(III) par le consortium bactérien CAsO1 : mise au point de méthodes de détection et application à la détoxification d’effluents." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6a8c8ca9-38b7-4688-89f5-1b36ed58553c/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0064.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerned the evaluation and the development of an arsenic(III)-oxidizing population in reactors, for drinking water production and waste water arsenic contaminated treatment. The process of the biological oxidation of arsenite was carried out with an autotrophic bacterial population named CAsO1. This population was phylogenetically related to Thiomonas. Two easy to handle analytical methods were developed: the determination of total arsenic was carried out by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS), and that concerning As(III), by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HG-AAS), for concentration range from 0,2 to 20 µg. L-1. The treatment pilot and the support material (pozzolana) were characterized (RTD, adsorption capacity. . . ). Thus, performances of oxidation of CAsO1 were evaluated: for residence times higher than 2 hours, 95% of As(III) was oxidized, whatever the type of circulation (up- or down-flow) and more than 80%, for a residence time of 1 hour
Debacq, Marie. "Étude et modélisation des fours tournants de défluoration et réduction du difluorure d'uranyle." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974273.
Повний текст джерелаOtaola, Franco. "Additive manufacturing, flow chemistry and multi-physics simulation applied to the development and optimization of structured reactors." Thesis, Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2660.
Повний текст джерелаThe market pressure from a globalized world, in conjunction with a growing environmental conscience from society, pushes the chemical industry to develop cleaner and more efficient processes. Today, we should produce more, with reducing our environmental impact and at the same time lowering the costs. The Process Intensification (PI) appears as one solution for this challenge. PI is defined as “the development of new chemical routes and of innovative modular technologies that may lead to some breakthrough progress”. There exist several approaches for PI, from using innovative technologies such as microwaves or ultrasounds, to the transition from the chemistry in batch to flow chemistry. The passage from batch to continuous flow can bring several benefits, such as the production in demand, higher selectivity and better control of the process. The process improvement can be obtained by the miniaturization of the reactors, leading to small diffusion lengths that can improve heat and mass transfer properties. One type of miniaturized reactor are what is called “structured reactors”, with a certain degree of regularity inside their structure which leads to the reduction of hotspots, as well as better mixing among other benefits. Nevertheless, the fabrication of this type of reactors can be ratherchallenging. Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been a disrupting technology in several fields of engineering, including in the chemical industry. AM brings the possibility to fabricate miniaturized structured reactors with internal geometries that were not possible to fabricate. The benefit of this type of structures to the chemistry industry are very promising. Nevertheless, as AM enables a wide range of geometries and possibilities, it is necessary to better understand how the geometrical characteristics of the reactors affect their performance. This thesis aimed to improve the understanding of structured reactors, their advantages, disadvantages and future challenges to improve their performance. Consequently, the main objective was to develop a comprehensive methodology, from the conception, characterization and simulation of structured reactors up to their optimization. The work was divided into four different sections, i.e., the fabrication of the reactors (from the conception of the geometry, to their fabrication by AM), their hydrodynamic characterization by studying the Residence Time Distribution (RTD), the study of their performance for applications in heterogeneous catalysis (solid/liquid) and their simulation by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). For the hydrodynamic characterization of the reactors, a complete automated system was developed to measure the RTD by a fluorescence technique, which had the main benefits of not being intrusive and also offered high frequency acquisition rates. The microstructured reactors were fabricated in a polymeric resin, which enabled the grafting of palladium for the use of the reactors for heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Finally, a first step for the development of a complete workflow for the CFD simulation and optimization of structured reactors was presented. Furthermore, a brief presentation of the different additive manufacturing techniques and the perspectives for future applications regarding the fabrication of microstructured reactors were also presented
Sciolla, Dominique. "Extraction liquide-liquide sous champ électrique. Contacteur à électrodes externes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845426.
Повний текст джерелаArellano, Salazar Marcela Patricia. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation de systèmes multiphasiques au cours du procédé de congélation à l’échelle pilote : Application à la fabrication de sorbets dans des échangeurs à surface raclée." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0088/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe partial freezing of the mix inside the scraped surface heat exchanger (SSHE) is the most critical step in sorbet manufacturing, since it is the only stage where new ice crystals are produced; further in the process these ice crystals will only grow. The main objective of the freezing process is to form the smallest possible ice crystals, so as to assure a smooth texture in the final product. During the freezing process the product is subjected to coupled interactions of fluid flow, heat transfer, ice phase change and shear. These interactions are determined by the freezing operating conditions and affect the evolution of the ice crystals size distribution (CSD) and the final texture of the product. This work presents the experimental characterization and the modelling of the initial freezing process of a sorbet. The freezing of sorbet was carried out in a SSHE at the pilot scale. The main objective of this work was the study of the influence of the freezing operating conditions on the final product characteristics: ice CSD, product temperature, ice volume fraction, apparent viscosity. The product flow behaviour in the SSHE was characterized by an experimental and modelling study of the residence time distribution (RTD) of the product. An ice crystallization modelling approach, taking into account the coupling of an empirical RTD model with heat transfer equations and a population balance of the different ice crystal size classes was developed. With a first set of estimated parameters, the ice crystallization model predicts satisfactorily the experimental trends, and made it possible to have an insight on the evolution of ice CSD during the freezing process in the SSHE
Bendounan, Rachid. "Hydrodynamique et performances d'un décanteur primaire de station d'épuration des eaux usées urbaines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL048N.
Повний текст джерелаCoutu, Arnaud. "Conception de réacteurs de laboratoire et développement d’approches numériques pour l’optimisation du procédé de méthanisation en voie solide et discontinu : plans d’expériences mixtes et bootstrapping, modélisation couplée hydrodynamique et biochimique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2616.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to provide innovative solutions and perspectives to the current research work on solid state anaerobic digestion, using digital tools. The deliverables of this study are organized into a “digital toolbox” for engineers and researchers. Like the worker’s toolbox, this solution consists of several sections representing the three main digital applications for anaerobic digestion: optimization, hydrodynamics and modeling. Each part is linked with others to build a systemic approach identifying exchanges between them in order to form a complete solution exceeding the sum of its parts. This work was carried out around two substrates: straw cattle manure and damp grass. It was however designed to be transposed to any substrates. The first step in this work was the reactors and gas counters conception to perform each of these steps at lower cost. This equipment was computer-aided designed after the characteristics were determined by calculation. The second step was to determine a different approach from experimental designs to increase the optimization efficiency using this tool. This method allows tooptimize both the composition of each substrate and the different operating parameters values in a single experimental design combining factor design and mix design. The bootstrapping tool is also used to minimize the number of experiments while maintaining the results significance. In this study, the two substrates composition and two operating parameters were studied to maximize methane yield. The two substrates were cattle manure and damp grass, and the two studied parameters were immersion of the substrates and recirculation frequency of the liquid phase. The percolation is also a study subject: what is the purpose of optimizing the operating parameters if the liquid phase cannot percolate within the solid part? Therefore, the third step of this work is to study the liquid phase flow within the solid part under codigestion conditions according to its composition and stratification. This step allows to provide the flow characteristic parameter to propose a new stratification approach and to highlight the codigestion effect on the microporosity and macroporosity evolution. Finally, the microporosity and macroporosity evolution impact on biology was modeled in a single substrate model to provide an understanding tool and a first work step on a prediction tool integrating these phenomena. The whole study allows to optimize the operating parameters, to ensure the functional aspect of an experiment and bring forward an understanding model of porosities evolution. It is not a definitive solution but a solution to substantiate, just as the toolbox is continuously renewed in innovative and more efficient tools
Arellano, Salazar Marcela Patricia. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation de systèmes multiphasiques au cours du procédé de congélation à l'échelle pilote : Application à la fabrication de sorbets dans des échangeurs à surface raclée." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01059043.
Повний текст джерелаCavailles, Fanny. "Génération par enrobage à sec de particules composites à propriétés d'usages contrôlées." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0018/document.
Повний текст джерелаDry particle coating with mechanical action allows the production of composite particles whose functionalities and physical properties, such as flowability, are improved thanks to the absence of solvent or binder. Currently, most of dry particle coating processes are carried out in a discontinous mode. The objective of this work is thus to develop and study a dry particle coating operation with a continuous innovative process, twin screw co-rotating extruder without die, constituting a technological rupture in this application field. For this, spherical particles of microcristalline cellulose, as host particles, are coated with either talc particles of two sizes or magnesium stearate particles (MgSt), as guest particles. Firstly, the host particles behaviour is studied in the process. The exiting particles are analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, laser granulometry and tapping test. Regarding the transport configuration, the chosen screw speed (between 25 an 200 rpm) and the feed rate (between 0.5 and 2 kg/h) have an important influence on the filling level in the barrel. For a filling level superior to approximatly 14 %, the quantity of broken particles is not significant. A low filling level facilitates the particle-particle or particle-metal friction in the barrel gap. When more mixing zones are added to the screw configuration, the shear stresses increase and, therefore, the breakage particle phenomenon becomes more prominent. Futhermore, the retained powder mass increases linearly when the transported mass in one screw turn increases for all the screw configurations. These evolutions suggest the existence of a dead volume. The residence time distribution mesurements highlight, thanks to the application of flowing model, the presence of plug-flow and a dead volume. Secondly, the feasibility of using the process for dry particle coating is analyzed. A continuous coating layer of talc modifiying the hydrophilic behaviour of the host particles is obtained for a low screw rotation speed (50 rpm) and a screw configuration with one mixing zone. The type of guest particles influence the morphology of the coating layer: film layer with the MgSt particles and discontinous layer with the micronized talc. However, size, flow and compressibility of the coated particles are similar to the ones of the initial host particles, only the wettability properties are modified. The presence of MgSt decreases the particle mean residence time in the process thanks to its lubricant action
Fasol, Christian. "Hydrodynamique et transfert de chaleur dans un mélangeur statique Sulzer SMX avec des fluides rhéologiquement complexes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL031N.
Повний текст джерелаDehghani, Kiadehi Atena. "Development of a new technique for determining the RTD of a dispersed solid phase and its application in a deep fluidized bed." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2491.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the present thesis is to develop a novel experimental technique for determining the residence time distribution (RTD) of solid particles in solid unit operations as well as model development. Initially, a novel optical method was developed to measure the particle RTD. Experiments are carried out with Silicon Carbide (SiC) and the pigment phosphorescent (Lumilux® Green SN-F50 WS) as tracer particle. A preliminary experimental study was conducted in a simple bubbling fluidized bed in order to validate the proposed RTD measurement methodology. In the second step, the developed technique of the concentration measurement was applied to measure the RTD of a deep fluidized bed. The particle RTD curves are determined experimentally in different operating conditions. Finally, a model consisting of the combination of the ideal reactors is proposed to predict the particle residence time distribution in the studied fluidized bed. The predicted output values are then compared with the experimental data to establish a good model fitting data
Fel, Elie. "Mise en oeuvre de mélanges de polyoléfines compatibilisées par ajout de copolymères ou à l'aide d'irradiation gamma : Caractérisation d'espèces réactives par Résonance Paramagnétique Electronique (RPE)." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0049/document.
Повний текст джерелаInnovative processes, based on high shear twin screw extrusion and γ-irradiation, have been used to increase the compatibility of two immiscible polyolefins: polypropylene PP and polyethylene PE. In a first part, the residence time distribution of polypropylenes in the twin screw extruder (TSE) has been investigated. The impact of the processing conditions (throughput and screw rotation speed), the screw profile and the polypropylene viscosity were underlined. Some of the experimental results are often in good agreement with those predicted by simulation software of twin screw extrusion (Ludovic), except for some experiments at high screw rotation rates. In a second part, once polymer flow was characterised in the TSE, we realized PP/PE blends. The impact of the mechanical energy (screw rotation speed), the presence or absence of copolymers and the nature of the extrusion atmosphere were analysed. Using high shear rate does not allow modulating the final properties of the blends particularly once inert atmosphere is used. The use of ethylene-octene copolymers increases significantly the final properties of the PP/PE blends by creating a “core-shell” morphology between the PP matrix, the copolymer and the PE dispersed phase. To finish, a γ-irradiation process step has been added to the classical processing of PP/PE blends. In a first part of this study, the simulations of ESR spectra have permitted to identify and quantify the different radicals created. In a second part, the sequence order of the γ-irradiation has been investigated: before extrusion, between extrusion and injection, and after injection followed by a thermal treatment. The best results were obtained once γ-irradiation is followed by a heat treatment. As a conclusion, the compatibility of immiscible polyolefins can be improved only by changing the order of the different processing steps without changing the formulation
Xie, Xiaomin. "Investigation of Local and Global Hydrodynamics of a Dynamic Filtration Module (RVF Technology) for Intensification of Industrial Bioprocess." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the understanding and the control of dynamic interactions between physical and biological mechanisms considering an alternative membrane separation into industrial bioprocess. It aims to carry scientific knowledge related to the control of bioreaction considering complex hydrodynamics and retention-permeation locks specific to membrane separation. A dynamic filtration technology, called Rotating and Vibrating Filtration (RVF), was investigated. It consists of filtration cells in series including two flat disc membranes fixed onto porous substrates in the vicinity of a three-blade impeller attached to a central shaft. This simple mechanical device runs continuously and generates a high shear stress as well as a hydrodynamic perturbation in the narrow membrane-blade gap. Several scientific and technical locks motivating this work are to characterize and to quantify (i) the velocity fields locally and instantaneously, (2) the shear stresses at membrane surface and (3) the mechanical impact on microbial cells.To this end, experiments and numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the hydrodynamics at global and local scales under laminar and turbulent regimes with Newtonian fluids under biotic and abiotic environment. For global approach, investigation of Residence Time Distribution (RTD) and thermal balance was carried out and compared to the previous global study (power consumption and friction curves). Analytical study of distribution functions was conducted and statistical moments were calculated and discussed. A systemic analysis was used to describe the hydrodynamic behaviors of the RVF module. Combining Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and RTD observations, it leads to demonstrate dysfunctioning conditions and area. For the local approach, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was be carried out in both horizontal and vertical planes and compared to CFD simulation. PIV preliminary study was conducted with a trigger strategy to access through angle-resolved measurements to an averaged velocity field. PIV further study were performed with a non-trigger strategy and applied to Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis in order to identify the coherent structure of the flow by decomposing the organized and turbulent fluctuations. For the bioprocess application, an exploratory work characterized the effect of Dynamic Filtration on prokaryote cell population (Escherichia coli) by quantifying cell integrity or damage as a function of time and rotation speed during filtration process in turbulent regime
Pham, Viet-Hung. "On the distribution of the maximum and the sojourn time of stationary centered Gaussian fields." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2040/.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study the properties of the paths of random fields. More precisely, we are interested in the distribution of the maximum of stationary centered Gaussian field and the volume of the excursion set (sojourn time). We extend slightly the "record method" in dimension 2 and develop it in dimension 3 to give an upper bound for the tail of the distribution of the maximum. We also give an asymptotic formula for this tail in dimension 2. There is a correspondence between the asymptotic formula and the coefficients of the Steiner formula of the domain considered. This can be viewed as an extension of some results of Adler. We study the rate of convergence of the central limit theorems of the sojourn time in both cases: fixed and moving level
Fairhurst, Peter Gaskell. "Contribution à l'étude de l'écoulement de grosses particules à forte concentration en solide en milieu non-newtonien." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1155.
Повний текст джерелаCaldas, Pereira Silveira Arlan. "Caractérisation expérimentale et comportement de constituants protéiques et minéraux laitiers en concentration sous vide." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSARB269/document.
Повний текст джерелаFalling film evaporators (FFE) are widely used in the chemical, refrigeration, petroleum refining, desalination and food industries. In the dairy industry FFE is applied for the concentration of solutions prior to the drying step. Despite the economic importance of the vacuum evaporation process in the manufacture of dairy dried products, the knowledge about the process is mostly empirical. Research aiming to improve the efficiency of the process is therefore necessary. The objective of this PhD project was to characterize experimentally a FFE during the concentration of dairy products by means of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic approaches, in order to study the interactions between the products properties and the operating parameters. A pilot-scale, single-stage falling film evaporator that describes the same process as that of an industrial scale from a hydrodynamic point of view was instrumented and used to establish the mass and energy balances. The evaporation rate and the overall heat transfer coefficient were calculated from the experimental data to follow up the process. A methodology for the determination of the experimental residence time distribution (RTD) functions was developed. RTD functions provide global information about the flow of the products during concentration in a FFE. Increasing of the concentration of skim milk, mass flow rate and the distance covered by the product resulted in an increase in the dispersion of the products particles. The experimental RTD functions were modelled by a combination of two perfectly mixed reactor tanks in series. From the interpretation of this model, two different flows, a main and a minor flow, were identified. The RTD methodology developed on skim milk was applied to sweet whey and lactic acid whey and the study was extended to the formation of fouling during a 5-hour concentration. The mean residence time was more sensitive to identify fouling than the overall heat transfer coefficient and the evaporation rate. This study emphasized the crucial role of process characterization to improve the performance of FFE and product quality
Varinot, Christelle. "Contrôle de la distribution granulométrique en broyage fin continu." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL109N.
Повний текст джерелаUrmès, Caroline. "Expérimentation et modélisation dynamiques de réacteurs catalytiques : vers une meilleure description du processus catalytique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1226/document.
Повний текст джерелаKinetic experiments performed under stationary conditions mainly give information on the rate determining step. Numerous experiments must be done to estimate a limited number of parameters. Unsteady-state experiments, on the other hand, give more detailed information about the kinetics of the different elementary steps with a small number of experiments. In order to work under dynamic conditions, a perturbation of a process variable (concentration, pressure, temperature, etc.) is introduced at the reactor entrance (pulse, step, oscillation ...). This study explores periodic sinusoidal variations of the flow to obtain kinetics for heterogeneous catalytic processes. The kinetic information is contained in the phase lag and the gain change of the oscillations. The oscillations can be kept small and can be performed around steady-state operation, thus studying the kinetics under relevant conditions. First a model able to directly estimate the gain and phase lag has been created. Secondly, simple cases of adsorption have been performed in order to validate the model and to test the experimental set up. To finish, the approach has been applied to the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. Kinetic modeling was carried out in both stationary and dynamic conditions in order to compared the two methodologies
"Amélioration de la connaissance des temps de séjour en réseau de distribution en vue de l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau potable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26381/26381.pdf.
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