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Статті в журналах з теми "Distillery spant wash"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Aghera, Payal, and Nikhil Bhatt. "Biosynthesis of Citric Acid using Distillery Spent Wash as a Novel Substrate." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.13.1.69.

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2

Lele, Smita S., Irfan Z. Shirgaonkar, and Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi. "Thermal pretreatment of concentrated distillery spent wash." Water Environment Research 64, no. 3 (May 1992): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/wer.64.3.9.

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3

Ravikumar, R. "Biodegradation and decolourization of biomethanated distillery spent wash." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2008/v1i2/2.

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4

Mohana, Sarayu, Bhavik K. Acharya, and Datta Madamwar. "Distillery spent wash: Treatment technologies and potential applications." Journal of Hazardous Materials 163, no. 1 (April 2009): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.079.

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5

Dubey, Kirti V. "Biosurfactant Production by New Microbial Isolates From Soil Co- Contaminated With Lube Oil and Distillery Spent Wash." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (June 1, 2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/161.

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6

Kirti V. Dubey, Kirti V. Dubey. "Biosurfactant Production by New Microbial Isolates from Soil Co- Contaminated With Lube Oil and Distillery Spent Wash." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 9 (October 1, 2011): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/sept2013/83.

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7

., Shashikant R. Mise. "TREATMENT OF DISTILLERY SPENT WASH BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 13 (November 25, 2013): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0213057.

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8

Sunil Kumar, Gupta, S. K. Gupta, and Gurdeep Singh. "Biodegradation of distillery spent wash in anaerobic hybrid reactor." Water Research 41, no. 4 (February 2007): 721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.11.039.

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9

Sharma, Pooja. "Kinetic Model for Anaerobic Digestion of Distillery Spent Wash." American Journal of Chemical Engineering 4, no. 6 (2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160406.11.

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10

Kumar, Bharat, Akash Negi, Hashanpreet Dhaliwal, and Sparsh Munakhia. "Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash for Irrigation Purpose by Using Sand as Adsorbent." Journal of Advance Research in Applied Science (ISSN: 2208-2352) 3, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnas.v3i12.644.

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Анотація:

Sand treatment of distillery effluent has great potential as a sustainable method as it is a low cost method. The aim of this investigation is to study the sand treatment method for purification of distillery spent wash. For this, the study encompassing evaluation of reduction of various physical chemical parameters (pH, COD, TS, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na and K) of distillery spent wash was checked by passing through the sand column. The distillery effluent was acidic (pH 4.7) and dark brown in color which often cause psychological fear in farmers for utilization. Sand treatment of spent wash exhibited good reduction in COD, TS, TDS, Mg,Na, Ca, after 72 hour treatment and increase in pH toward pH 7. Treated spent wash showed a good growth of wheat seeds.

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11

Gahlot, D., K. Kukreja, S. Suneja, and S. Dudeja. "Effect of digested distillery spent wash on nodulation, nutrient uptake and photosynthetic activity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.59.2011.1.8.

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This work investigated the effect of graded doses and methods of application of digested spent wash on seed germination, nodulation, photosynthetic activity and nutrient uptake in chickpea and on soil properties. Under laboratory conditions, lower concentrations of digested spent wash were not inhibitory to seed germination, whereas higher concentrations led to poor seedling growth and delayed seed germination. However, under greenhouse conditions, seed germination was slightly better at higher concentrations. Increased concentrations of digested spent wash affected the nodulation of chickpea. Irrigation with digested spent wash in pots had an adverse effect on nodulation as compared to its soil application. Lower concentrations of digested spent wash had no detrimental effect on plant growth (shoot length, root length and their weight). The photosynthetic activity of chickpea plants, measured as chlorophyll a fluorescence, was maximum at 10% and 100 m3 ha−1 of digested spent wash, while a decrease was observed at higher concentrations. With an increase in the concentration of digested spent wash, there was a decrease in N and P uptake by chickpea plants. No significant difference was observed in soil pH, but the EC, organic carbon and total N and P contents of post-harvest soil increased with an increase in the concentration of digested spent wash.

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12

Nikam, JyotiD. "DISTILLERY WASTE WATER (SPENT WASH) BIOMETHANATION- WASTE TO ENERGY GENERATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 7, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/8626.

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13

Jakhrani, N. H., K. C. Mukwana, M. A. Bhutto, D. M. Mangi, and M. Hafeez. "Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Distillery Wastewater at Habib Sugar Mills, Nawabshah." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 6 (December 11, 2021): 7788–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4480.

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The aim of this study is to perceive the level of significant physicochemical characteristics of Distillery Wastewater (DWW) at Habib Sugar Mills, Nawabshah, Pakistan. Five locations in the mill namely spent wash, digester tank, distillery, primary treatment, and secondary treatment were selected for analysis of pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the samples. The samples were taken on a weekly basis for four succeeding months, from January 2021 to April 2021 and the experiments were carried out in the laboratory by adopting standard procedures. The results revealed that the pH of the samples from spent wash was the lowest, whereas secondary treatment samples had the highest. On the contrary, the highest concentrations of TDS, TSS, and COD were found in the samples taken from the spent wash and the lowest from the secondary treatment. The pH values were found abruptly increasing in the digester tank due to the addition of calcium carbonate in the stream of wastewater after the spent wash. The COD concentration was found to rapidly decrease, from more than 106000mg/l in the spent wash to around 35000mg/l in the digester tank samples, and then to gradually decrease up to the final point of disposal. Overall, TDS, TSS, and COD values were higher during April, January, and February and lower during March. The level of pH was extremely low in the spent wash and did not meet the lower limits of standards and the other examined parameters exceeded the upper limits of WHO standards.

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14

Khandegar, V., and Anil K. Saroha. "Electrochemical Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash Using Aluminum and Iron Electrodes." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 20, no. 3 (June 2012): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1004-9541(11)60204-8.

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15

Golub, Nataliia, and Mariana Potapova. "Modern Methods of Processing and Utilization of Grain Distillery Spent Wash." Innovative Biosystems and Bioengineering 2, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/ibb.2018.2.2.125733.

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16

Wagh, Manoj P., and P. D. Nemade. "Biodegradation of anaerobically treated distillery spent wash by Aspergillus species from a distillery effluent contaminated site." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 104 (2018): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.21838.

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17

David, Charles, M. Arivazhagan, M. N. Balamurali, and Dhivya Shanmugarajan. "Decolorization of Distillery Spent Wash Using Biopolymer Synthesized byPseudomonas aeruginosaIsolated from Tannery Effluent." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/195879.

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A bacterial strain was isolated from tannery effluent which can tolerate high concentrations of potassium dichromate up to 1000 ppm. The isolated microorganism was identified asPseudomonas aeruginosaby performing biochemical tests and molecular characterization. In the presence of excess of carbohydrate source, which is a physiological stress, this strain produces Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). This intracellular polymer, which is synthesized, is primarily a product of carbon assimilation and is employed by microorganisms as an energy storage molecule to be metabolized when other common energy sources are limitedly available. Efforts were taken to check whether the PHB has any positive effect on spent wash decolorization. When a combination of PHB and the isolated bacterial culture was added to spent wash, a maximum color removal of 92.77% was found which was comparatively higher than the color removed when the spent wash was treated individually with the PHB andPseudomonas aeruginosa. PHB behaved as a support material for the bacteria to bind to it and thus develops biofilm, which is one of the natural physiological growth forms of microorganisms. The bacterial growth in the biofilm and the polymer together acted in synergy, adsorbing and coagulating the pollutants in the form of color pigments.

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18

Shinde, Pankaj A., Tejas M. Ukarde, Preeti H. Pandey, and Hitesh S. Pawar. "Distillery spent wash: An emerging chemical pool for next generation sustainable distilleries." Journal of Water Process Engineering 36 (August 2020): 101353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101353.

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19

Gupta, Sunil Kumar, S. K. Gupta, and Gurdeep Singh. "Anaerobic hybrid reactor: a promising technology for treatment of distillery spent wash." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 43, no. 1/2/3 (2010): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2010.035926.

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20

Khuhawar, M. Y., M. A. Baloch, T. M. Jahangir, M. T. Mahar, and S. A. Majidano. "Impacts of Evaporation Ponds of Ethanol Distillery Spent Wash on Underground Water." Pakistan Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15228/2011.v01.i01.p02.

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21

Golub, Nataliia, and Mariana Potapova. "Technological Solution of Biogas Output Increasing at Grain Distillery Spent Wash Fermentation." Innovative Biosystems and Bioengineering 2, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/ibb.2018.2.3.140332.

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22

Hoarau, Julien, Isabelle Grondin, Yanis Caro, and Thomas Petit. "Sugarcane Distillery Spent Wash, a New Resource for Third-Generation Biodiesel Production." Water 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111623.

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Industrial production of biodiesel from microbial catalysts requires large volume of low-cost feedstock for lipid production. Vinasse, also known as distillery spent wash (DSW), is a liquid waste produced in large amounts by ethanol distilleries. This effluent is particularly rich in organic matter, and may be considered as a potential resource for the production of fungal lipids. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential of vinasse from a distillery located in Reunion Island for yeast and fungal growth, lipid production, and suitability for biodiesel requirements. Among the 28 different strains tested, we found that Aspergillus niger grown on pure vinasse allowed biomass production of up to 24.05 g/L (dry weight), whereas Aspergillus awamori produced the maximum amount of lipid, at 2.27 g/L. Nutrient removal and vinasse remediation were found to be the best for A. niger and Cryptococcus curvatus, reaching a maximum of 50% for nitrogen, and A. awamori showed 50% carbon removal. Lipids produced were principally composed of C16:0, C18:1 (n-9), and C18:2 (n-6), thus resembling the vegetal oil used in the biodiesel production. This work has shown that vinasse can support production of biomass and lipids from fungi and yeast suitable for energetic use and that its polluting charge can be significantly reduced through this process.

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23

Phanapavudhikul, S. "Direct Use of Spent Distillery Wash Liquor on Paddy Fields in Thailand." Water and Environment Journal 13, no. 6 (December 1999): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1999.tb01079.x.

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24

Singh, Anita, Somvir Bajar, Narsi R. Bishnoi, and Namita Singh. "Laccase production by Aspergillus heteromorphus using distillery spent wash and lignocellulosic biomass." Journal of Hazardous Materials 176, no. 1-3 (April 15, 2010): 1079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.120.

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25

Krishna, S. Vijaya, P. Kiran Kumar, Kavita Verma, D. Bhagawan, V. Himabindu, M. Lakshmi Narasu, and Radhika Singh. "Enhancement of biohydrogen production from distillery spent wash effluent using electrocoagulation process." Energy, Ecology and Environment 4, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40974-019-00122-9.

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26

Bhamare, S. A., and V. R. Kakulte. "Bioremediation Studies on Melanoidin Containing Distillery Spent Wash by Using Leuconostoc mesenteroides." Environment and Ecology Research 10, no. 2 (April 2022): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/eer.2022.100201.

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27

Golub, N., M. Potapova, M. Shinkarchuk, and O. Kozlovets. "BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE CONCENTRATED DISTILLERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 25-30 (December 7, 2018): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2018.25-30.051-059.

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The paper deals with the waste disposal problem of the alcohol industry caused by the widespread use of alcohol as biofuels. In the technology for the production of alcohol from cereal crops, a distillery spent wash (DSW) is formed (per 1 dm3 of alcohol – 10–20 dm3 DSW), which refers to highly concentrated wastewater, the COD value reaches 40 g O2/dm3. Since the existing physical and chemical methods of its processing are not cost-effective, the researchers develop the processing technologies for its utilization, for example, an anaerobic digestion. Apart from the purification of highly concentrated wastewater, the advantage of this method is the production of biogas and highquality fertilizer. The problems of biotechnology for biogas production from the distillery spent wash are its high acidity–pH 3.7–5.0 (the optimum pH value for the methanogenesis process is 6.8–7.4) and low nitrogen content, the lack of which inhibits the development of the association of microorganisms. In order to solve these problems, additional raw materials of various origins (chemical compounds, spent anaerobic sludge, waste from livestock farms, etc.) are used. The purpose of this work is to determine the appropriate ratio of the fermentable mixture components: cosubstrate, distillery spent wash and wastewater of the plant for co-fermentation to produce an energy carrier (biogas) and effective wastewater treatment of the distillery. In order to ensure the optimal pH for methanogenesis, poultry manure has been used as a co-substrate. The co-fermentation process of DSW with manure has been carried out at dry matter ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7 respectively. It is found that when the concentration of manure in the mixture is insufficient (DSW/manure – 1:1, 1:3), the pH value decreases during fermentation which negatively affects methane formation; when the concentration of manure in the mixture is increased (DSW/manure – 1:5, 1:7), the process is characterized by a high yield of biogas and methane content. The maximum output of biogas with a methane concentration of 70 ± 2% is observed at the ratio of components on a dry matter “wastewater: DSW: manure” – 0,2:1:7 respectively. The COD reduction reaches a 70% when using co-fermentation with the combination of components “wastewater: DSW: manure” (0,3:1:5) respectively.

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28

Rajput, Nadir Ali, M. S. Mirjat, M. A. Talpur, H. R. Mangio, Ashique Ali Chohan, Shafi Muhammad, and Misbah Kamboh. "Effect of Distillery Spent-wash on Channel Bed and Groundwater Quality: Case Study of Unicol Distillery District Mirpurkhas." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 6, no. 6 (2021): 001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.66.1.

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29

Raut, N. B., Dinesh Kumar Saini, and G. B. Shinde. "Environmental Informatics and Soft Computing Paradigm: Processing of Cocos Nucifera Shell Derived Activated Carbon for Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash—A Solution to Environmental Issue." Advances in Environmental Chemistry 2014 (November 11, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/737963.

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Soft computing techniques are very much needed to design the environmental related systems these days. Soft computing (SC) is a set of computational methods that attempt to determine satisfactory approximate solutions to find a model for real-world problems. Techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms can be used in solving complex environmental problems. Self-organizing feature map (SOFM) model is proposed in monitoring and collecting of the data that are real time and static datasets acquired through pollution monitoring sensors and stations in the distilleries. In the environmental monitoring systems the ultimate requirement is to establish controls for the sensor based data acquisition systems and needs interactive and dynamic reporting services. SOFM techniques are used for data analysis and processing. The processed data is used for control system which even feeds to the treatment systems. Cocos nucifera activated carbon commonly known as coconut shell activated carbon (CSC) was utilized for the treatment of distillery spent wash. Batch and column studies were done to investigate the kinetics and effect of operating parameter on the rate of adsorption. Since the quantum of spent water generated from the sugar industry allied distillery units is huge, this low cost adsorbent is found to be an attractive economic option. Equilibrium adsorption date was generated to plot Langmuir and Tempkin adsorption isotherm. The investigation reveals that though with lower adsorption capacities CSC seems to be technically feasible solution for treating sugar distillery spent. Efforts are made in this paper to build informatics for derived activated carbon for solving the problem of treatment of distillery spent wash. Capsule. Coconut shell derived activated carbon was synthesized, characterized, and successfully employed as a low cost adsorbent for treatment of distillery spent wash.

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30

Malik, Neeraj Pal, Naresh Kumar, and Amit Kumar. "Effect of Distillery Raw Spent Wash (RSW) on Cowpea(Vigna SinensisCV Russian Joint)." Progressive Agriculture 16, no. 2 (2016): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4615.2016.00043.0.

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31

Goel, Sarika, Sarika Maheshwari, Kamakshi Saxena, and Pankaj Chauhan. "Mineral content of stevia rebaudiana bertoni under the effect of distillery spent wash." Progressive Agriculture 18, no. 2 (2018): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4615.2018.00045.5.

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32

Pathe, P. P., N. N. Rao, M. R. Kharwade, S. B. Lakhe, and S. N. Kaul. "Performance Evaluation of a Full Scale Effluent Treatment Plant for Distillery Spent Wash." International Journal of Environmental Studies 59, no. 4 (January 2002): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230212743.

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33

Sharma, Pinki, and Himanshu Joshi. "Membrane autopsy based bio-fouling investigation of distillery spent wash RO treatment plant." Environmental Technology 35, no. 24 (June 25, 2014): 3047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21622515.2014.929747.

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34

Mohite, D. D., and S. S. Salimath. "Performance Optimization of Anaerobic Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor Operating on Distillery Spent Wash." Journal of Environmental Engineering 145, no. 9 (September 2019): 04019054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001570.

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35

Singh, Shalini, Munna Singh, G. P. Rao, and S. Solomon. "Application of distillery spent wash and its effect on sucrose content in sugarcane." Sugar Tech 9, no. 1 (March 2007): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02956915.

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36

Krishna Prasad, R., R. Ram Kumar, and S. N. Srivastava. "Design of Optimum Response Surface Experiments for Electro-Coagulation of Distillery Spent Wash." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 191, no. 1-4 (December 23, 2007): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9603-x.

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37

KRISHNAPRASAD, R., and S. SRIVASTAVA. "Electrochemical degradation of distillery spent wash using catalytic anode: Factorial design of experiments." Chemical Engineering Journal 146, no. 1 (January 15, 2009): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.05.008.

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38

KRISHNAPRASAD, R., and S. SRIVASTAVA. "Sorption of distillery spent wash onto fly ash: Kinetics and mass transfer studies." Chemical Engineering Journal 146, no. 1 (January 15, 2009): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.05.021.

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39

Fito, Jemal, Nurelegne Tefera, and Stijn W. H. Van Hulle. "Adsorption of distillery spent wash on activated bagasse fly ash: Kinetics and thermodynamics." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 5, no. 6 (December 2017): 5381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.10.009.

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40

Pujari, Sukanya, Manoj Wagh, and Shila Dare. "Degradation of distillery spent wash using monopolar parallel and monopolar series electrocoagulation process." Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) 2, no. 1 (June 19, 2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/arstech.v2i1.306.

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In waste treatment and water management issues, electrocoagulation (EC) is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly option. In the study, EC treatment of distillery spent wash was carried out using new electrodes packed with aluminium foil scraps. These metal scraps were packed in a mesh to function as anode and cathode electrodes. Electrochemical treatment was carried out for 150 minutes, and samples were analysed regularly to determine the colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The impact of operating parameters such as pH, applied current, electrolysis time, agitation speed, and electrode distance on colour and COD removal was investigated. The EC processes were carried out in monopolar parallel (MP-P) and monopolar series (MP-S). The MP-S connection measured the potential difference between the amplified pair of electrodes, whereas the output signals in the MP-P connection were formed by several input electrodes, resulting in a high removal rate. The results indicated that the MP-P relationships enhance the COD removal rate by 4.16 to 8.06 %. An optimum chemical oxygen demand degradation is 77.29 % at pH 3, and decolourisation is 76.55 % at pH 8.3. TDS is reduced to a maximum of 58.32 %, while sulfate and chloride are reduced to 64.72 and 20.44 %, respectively.

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41

Arulmathi, P., G. Elangovan, and A. Farjana Begum. "Optimization of Electrochemical Treatment Process Conditions for Distillery Effluent Using Response Surface Methodology." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/581463.

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Distillery industry is recognized as one of the most polluting industries in India with a large amount of annual effluent production. In this present study, the optimization of electrochemical treatment process variables was reported to treat the color and COD of distillery spent wash using Ti/Pt as an anode in a batch mode. Process variables such as pH, current density, electrolysis time, and electrolyte dose were selected as operation variables and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal efficiency were considered as response variable for optimization using response surface methodology. Indirect electrochemical-oxidation process variables were optimized using Box-Behnken response surface design (BBD). The results showed that electrochemical treatment process effectively removed the COD (89.5%) and color (95.1%) of the distillery industry spent wash under the optimum conditions: pH of 4.12, current density of 25.02 mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 103.27 min, and electrolyte (NaCl) concentration of 1.67 g/L, respectively.

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Edwards, S. A., C. Marconnet, A. G. Taylor, and A. Cadenhead. "Voluntary intake and digestibility of distillery products for dry sows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022558.

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Distillery products which are high in fibre have traditionally been fed only to ruminants, but might provide a cost effective feed for dry sows. If such bulky materials could be fed ad libitum, animal welfare might be enhanced by prolonging feeding time and providing the sows with a greater feeling of satiety in comparison with concentrate diets. To investigate such possibilities, voluntary intake and digestibility were determined with dry sows for three distillery products:The three distillery products investigated were:1) malt draff (MD), the barley residue remaining after starch extraction2) maize curne gold (CG), evaporated spent wash plus maize cereal residue3) wheat supergrains (SG), centrifuged spent wash plus wheat residueEach material was offered ad libitum to three pens of 6 dry sows, initially in conjunction with 0.5 kg/sow/day of a balancer meal. The balancer meal contained barley (890 kg/t), limestone (100 kg/t) and a vitamin/trace element supplement at 4 times the normal inclusion rate (10 kg/t). Sows were grouped according to service date and allocated to the experimental treatments in early pregnancy. They were housed in straw bedded pens with individual stalls for feeding of the supplement. Voluntary intake, liveweight and backfat change were monitored over a minimum period of 9 weeks. Sows which failed to maintain acceptable body condition on this regime were given additional ground barley as the experiment progressed.

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Aghera, Payal. "Enhanced Production of Citric Acid by Mutant PN12 of Aspergillus fumigatus Using Statistical Design." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 1473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.4.16.

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Distillery spent wash is an unwanted residual liquid waste generated during alcohol production. It is a potential source for production of different industrially important products. Distillery spent wash is dark colored and has many organic compounds as a waste. In this experiment, removal of color and organic compounds was carried out by anaerobic treatment. The treated spent wash was utilized for citric acid production with the help of microorganisms. The current study was performed with the treated spent wash which was applied for high level of citric acid production by a mutant strain of Aspergillus fumigatus PN12. The parent strain Aspergillus fumigatus PN12 was mutagenized by UV exposure to enhance citric acid production. After UV exposure investigation, mutant strain was selected for optimization and statistical method. The best citric acid production obtained was, 26.45 g/L at 30 ℃ with pH 6.0, 0.1 g/L of KH2PO4 and (NH4)2SO4 under OFAT. Under RSM optimization, maximum citric acid production was achieved as 30.89 g/L. Thus, the process optimization through the statistical approach resulted in a 1.16-fold enhancement in citric acid production as compared to that of the OFAT parametric conditions. Citric acid producing enzymes such as aconitase, NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADP+ isocitrate dehydrogenase was studied. Maximum activity (U/mg) of aconitase (3.19±0.023), NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (3.0±0.15) and NADP+ isocitrate dehydrogenase (2.91±0.17) was observed at 96 h. The present study can conclude that spent wash is potential source for citric acid production. Utilization of mutant strain of Aspergillus fumigatus PN12 is beneficiary for large scale industrial fermentation and citric acid production.

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Srivastava, S., P. Bose, and V. Tare. "Enhancement of Chemical-Oxygen Demand and Color Removal of Distillery Spent-Wash by Ozonation." Water Environment Research 78, no. 4 (April 2006): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143005x90100.

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Anbarasan, T., S. Jayanthi, and Yasmin Ragina. "Investigation on Synthesis of Biodiesel from Distillery Spent Wash using Oleaginous Yeast Metschnikowia Pulcherrima." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 11 (2018): 23293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.11.063.

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Pathak, Amrendra, Sudarshan Lakhawat, M. V. Kulkarni та Garikipati Srikanth. "Mutagenesis of Azotobacter vinelandii Strain and Production of Polyβ-Hydroxybutyrate from Distillery Spent Wash". BioProcessing Journal 11, № 3 (19 жовтня 2012): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12665/j113.pathak.

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Mohana, Sarayu, Chirayu Desai, and Datta Madamwar. "Biodegradation and decolourization of anaerobically treated distillery spent wash by a novel bacterial consortium." Bioresource Technology 98, no. 2 (January 2007): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.12.024.

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Acharya, Bhavik K., Sarayu Mohana, and Datta Madamwar. "Anaerobic treatment of distillery spent wash – A study on upflow anaerobic fixed film bioreactor." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 11 (July 2008): 4621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.060.

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Nandy, T., S. N. Kaul, P. P. Pathe, C. V. Deshpande, and R. A. Daryapurkar. "Pilot plant studies on fixed bed reactor system for biomethanation of distillery spent wash." International Journal of Environmental Studies 41, no. 1-2 (August 1992): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207239208710748.

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Ravikumar, R., N. S. Vasanthi, and K. Saravanan. "Single factorial experimental design for decolorizing anaerobically treated distillery spent wash using cladosporium cladosporioides." International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03326199.

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