Дисертації з теми "Distillation Approach"
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Pasquier, Sylvain. "Modeling two-phase flows in columns equipped with structured packings : a multiscale porous medium approach." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0070/document.
Повний текст джерелаDistillation in columns equipped with structured packings is today the most used technology for separating air in its primary components. This process is characterized by a counter-current gasliquid flow in a structure made of parallel corrugated sheets arranged in packs. The description of such system is constrained by the large dimensions of the columns and by the complexity of the local-scale phenomena. This leads to consider a strategy of upscaling, based on the volume averaging method, to describe the system at a scale at which a resolution is possible. The work is organized in three steps. As a first step, considering moderate flow rates, a methodology ofupscaling is developed to predict the pressure drop in the flow of the gas phase taking into account small scale roughnesses due to the structure itself or perturbations of the liquid film. At this stage, the effect of this rough surface is characterized by an effective boundary condition. The boundary value problem for the flow of the gas phase is volume averaged in order to derive a system of equations at large scale. The resulting momentum balance is a generalized Darcy's law for inertial flows, involving effective parameters accounting for the roughness at the microscale. The second step of this work focuses on the interaction between the two phases at higher flow rates. It is shown that models involving non-standard macroscopic cross-terms are more prone to describe the flow in packings at high Reynolds numbers than the models usually used in porousmedia sciences. More generally, these models are shown to characterize accurately processes in highly permeable media, where drastic changes of pressure drop and retention are observed. We finally study the distribution of the liquid phase in the structured packing. It is shown that a specific approach involving a multiphase model with liquid decomposition is required to capture the anisotropy generated in the flow of the liquid phase. Two methods involving two pseudo-phases and four pseudo-phases for the liquid phase are compared. This last method captures a number of very different distribution regimes in the column and offers additional flexibility to describepreferential paths of the liquid
Eleftheriades, Nicolas M. "A novel approach to FAME biodiesel production by means of reactive distillation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10460.
Повний текст джерелаA novel concept of reactive distillation is examined in this dissertation. The design and construction of a rig to test the novel set-up were executed. The design of the rig was based on residence times selected for the rig's three main sections; the pre-reactor, the column and the reboiler. The rig was designed as a continuous process, provided feed could be supplied constantly even in the case of small scale users. The reactor was designed to perform around a flowrate of 5l/hr. The main aim of the design was to produce biodiesel by using a stoichiometric feed ratio.
Sabharwal, Amish. "A hybrid approach applied to an industrial distillation column that compares physical and neural network modeling techniques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0024/MQ31401.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBrink, Lize. "An investigation into the weld integrity of the head–to–skirt junction on tall distillation columns / L. Brink." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4877.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
Mehlhorn, Arndt. "Modelización avanzada de columnas de destilación de operación discontinua." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6448.
Повний текст джерелаLa parte teórica se divide en la parte de desarrollo del modelo y en la parte de la implementación del modelo en un programa de simulación. El nuevo modelo desarrollado es un modelo de transferencia de materia que se distingue de los desarrollos anteriores por su capacidad de contemplar la cinética de la transferencia de materia tal como la hidrodinámica. La incorporación de efectos hidrodinámicos se basa principalmente en la observación de diferentes geometrías de contacto en una columna de platos perforados. Estas geometrías de contacto son canales de vapor y burbujas. En caso de las burbujas se distingue entre grandes y pequeñas con diferentes propiedades hidrodinámicas. De esta forma el modelo contempla tres diferentes clases de vapor, dos clases de vapor de desequilibrio y una de equilibrio (burbujas pequeñas). Para las clases de vapor de desequilibrio se calcula explícitamente los caudales de materia que traviesen la interfase basándose en la teoría de Maxwell-Stefan de transferencia de materia multicomponente.
La parte experimental se divide en la parte de diseño de la columna usada en una planta piloto y en la de la realización de los experimentos. El diseño de la columna tiene como objetivo la obtención de un medio de validación del nuevo modelo desarrollado. Por tanto está equipado con un gran número de sensores de temperatura, de presión y de tomas de muestra. También la realización de los experimentos se adapta al fin de la validación del modelo, ya que la frecuencia de toma de muestra y de capturación de señales de temperatura es elevada.
La memoria de la tesis contiene una comparación amplia de los resultados experimentales con los de la simulación. Estas comparaciones demuestran una determinada superioridad del modelo desarrollado sobre desarrollos anteriores.
Shifafure, Andreas Muronga. "Understanding how grade 11 Physical Science teachers mediate learning of the topic distillation in the Kavango Region." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017357.
Повний текст джерелаKirkemo, Fredrik Motland. "Adam Lonicer's Kreuterbuch and 16th century distillation : An experimental approach to the study of Adam Lonicer and some of the technology applied by him and his contemporaries in the production of medicines." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24590.
Повний текст джерелаKheder, Issa. "Analyse, modélisation rigoureuse et simulation dynamique d'une colonne de distillation par approche hybride." INSA de Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAM0018.
Повний текст джерелаSalimi, Fariba. "Approche comparative de la simulation dynamique des colonnes de distillation à plateaux et à garnissage." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0474.
Повний текст джерелаBelaïssaoui, Bouchra. "Généralisation d'une approche de conception de procédés de distillation réactive : application à la production d'hydrogène par le cycle thermochimique I-S." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04576115.
Повний текст джерелаReactive distillation is a promising way to improve classical processes. This interest has been comforted by numerous successful applications involving reactive systems in liquid phase but never in vapour phase. In this context, general design tools have been developed for the analysis of reactive distillation processes whatever the reactive phase. A general model for open condensation and evaporation of vapour or liquid reactive systems in chemical equilibrium has been written and applied to extend the feasibility analysis, synthesis and design methods of the sequential design methodology of R. Thery (2002). The extended design methodology is applied to the industrial production of hydrogen through the iodine-Sulphur thermochemical cycle by vapour phase reactive distillation. A column configuration is proposed with better performance formerly published configuration
Belaïssaoui, Bouchra Joulia Xavier. "Généralisation d'une approche de conception de procédés de distillation réactive application à la production d'hydrogène par le cycle thermochimique I-S /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000255.
Повний текст джерелаBezzina, Mohammed. "Approche statistique pour la génération de cascades optimales de colonnes de rectification avec récupération d'énergie." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT007G.
Повний текст джерелаMoghadassi, Abdolreza. "Détection et isolation de pannes pour les systèmes non-linéaires par approche géométrique : application en génie des procédés." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10116.
Повний текст джерелаMéricq, Jean-Pierre. "Approche intégrée du dessalement d’eau de mer : Distillation membranaire sous vide pour la réduction des rejets salins et possibilités de couplage avec l’énergie solaire." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000341/.
Повний текст джерелаThe lack of potable water is still a problem in many countries. Considering the nearly endless water resource in the oceans, seawater desalination is an increasing attractive solution. Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination is the main technology used nowadays. However, RO is limited in recovery factor due to the osmotic pressure which increases with salinity. It results high brine volume rejected directly in seawater which induces environmental perturbations. An innovative approach was proposed in the frame of the European project MEDINA in order to reduce these brines: the use of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) in an integrated RO desalination process. Indeed, VMD allows operating at high salt concentration and can be coupled with solar thermal energy in order to reduce energy requirement. The present work consisted in studying use of VMD for highly salty concentrated waters, both for synthetic and real waters (seawater and RO retentate). An experimental approach was used with a lab-scale pilot plant completed by a theorical approach with a modelling tool. Results show the interest of VMD for the overconcentration of RO retentates. Indeed, VMD can be operated at high salt concentration up to 300 g. L-1 maintaining still high permeate fluxes (7 L. H-1. M-2) and nearly pure permeate (salt rejection of 99. 96 %). Brine volumes can so be reduced by 5 and recovery factor increased up to nearly 90 %. Fouling (organic, scaling or bio-fouling) is limited. Salt crystal deposit has been observed and analysed. Precipitation mechanisms have been proposed, mainly with the crucial part of the calcium. VMD coupling with solar thermal technologies allow an important reduction of the energy requirement. Use of salinity gradient solar ponds and solar thermal collectors have been compared and have shown the potentialities of using solar thermal collector in order to obtain high temperatures and so high permeate fluxes
Andreu, David. "Commande et supervision des procédés discontinus : une approche hybride." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139761.
Повний текст джерелаKolitcheff, Svetan. "Approche multitechnique des phénomènes de diffusion en hydrotraitement de distillats." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1033/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe catalytic cracking has an important role in fuels production from heavy oil cuts like vacuum gas oil (VGO). To optimize these processes, a pre-hydrotreatment is required. The amount of work dealt by the research community in the last years has highly contributed to the enhancement of the catalyst’s activity. Therefore, the internal mass transfer can become the limiting step and it must be quantified.A methodology based on inverse liquid chromatography has been developed to characterize the mass transfer within alumina catalyst supports. The experimental setup was also used to study the influence of several parameters into mass transfer properties such as, adsorption, temperature, and active phase precursors. In mesoporous aluminas, the diffusion regime undertaken by saturated compounds, going from gasoline to VGO is the molecular regime. For different alumina supports, tortuosity values were estimated and correlated to the textural properties (porosity, specific surface area and pore size distribution). These results showed that the aluminas can not be considered as homogeneous supports given the estimated mass transfer properties. Thus, we assume that a hierarchical porous structure might be in cause. A catalytic test promoted in a stirred reactor was also developed to study the mass transfer properties under reactive conditions. The impact of the particle grains size into the hydrodesulphurization of a synthetized molecule was characterized and modeled. A good agreement was found between the data obtained using the inverse chromatography experiments and the catalytic tests
Lu, Hung-Ting, and 呂宏鼎. "Asymmetric Heat-Integrated Distillation Column Design by Mathematical Programming Approach." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82272829750636343267.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
97
Distillation is by far the most applied separation technology, but its low energy efficiency is also recognized as a major drawback. In order to overcome this drawback, various novel ideas and approachES have been proposed in literature. The subject of this work is on the design of internal energy-integrated distillation system. Studies on internally heat-integrated distillation column(HIDiC) are proceeding for many years. HIDiC was proved to be effective in energy saving, but so far only few works addressed about its economic point of view and “asymmetric” structure. This work aims to develop a general model of mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) for HIDiC design where exergy consumption and total annualized cost (TAC) are both taken into account. After the optimization, the results of asymmetric HIDiC are compared with those of conventional distillation column and symmetric HIDiC in the two aspects (exergy consumption and TAC). The follow-up analysis shows how the structure of asymmetric HIDiC to influence the energy efficiency and total cost.
Lin, Fu-Li, and 林富麗. "Internally Heat-Integrated Distillation Column (HIDiC)Design by Mathematical Programming Approach." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20900690362323605527.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
95
Due to the uprising price of crude oil, the chemical industries with higher energy consumption are forced to face the energy issue. In chemical industries, the distillation processes account for 45% of total energy consumption. Before the renewable energy can replace the fossil energy completely, it is crucial to improve the energy efficiency of present processes. Nowadays there are many studies about distillation process improvement. This thesis will discuss the design of internal energy-integrated distillation processes. Studies about the internally heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC) have been investigated for many years. Those studies focused on energy savings of HIDiC. This study will bring up a general and complete model involving energy consumption and total annual costs calculation by mathematical programming approach. It is expected to get balance between energy savings and economical benefits. This model will directly determine the design with minimal TAC and discuss the proper opportunities to use conventional distillation and HIDiC. It is finally discovered that the competitiveness of HIDiC on TAC will increase when the energy price rises suddenly and sharply or the investment cost of the gas compressor and the cost of electricity declines.
Chen, Zi-Ling, and 陳姿伶. "Optimal Startup Strategies of a Conventional Distillation Column by Simulated Annealing Approach." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97046301017371621085.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
102
The startup of a distillation column represents one of the most complicated dynamic operations in the chemical industry. The startup procedure is time and energy consuming and the process is unproductive during this transient period before the steady state. It is desirable to reduce the transient period and consequently the startup time. This work proposes the optimization of startup for the conventional distillation column. Based on the column startup example in Aspen Plus Dynamics, different startup strategies have been applied in this process. The optimal startup strategies can be divided into four parts. The first part is the feed control method, determining when to feed by the height of sump level. Second is the bottom flow control method to decrease the amount of the off-specification bottom product. The third one is reflux control method. The switch point is determined by the top product composition or MT algorithm which can be found the minimum summation of temperature difference with nominal state under total reflux condition. The last part is heating medium temperature control method. Combination of simulated annealing approach and dynamic simulation, the optimal heating steps can be found easily and also save the calculation of this time consuming task. The results showed 41 % improvement in the off-specification product and 17 % improvement in reboiler duty as compared to the column startup example in Aspen Plus Dynamics.
Hu, Chi-Chih, and 胡啟智. "Development of Alternative Methanol/Dimethyl Carbonate Separation Systems by Extractive Distillation - A Holistic Approach." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8tkhy9.
Повний текст джерела東海大學
化學工程與材料工程學系
105
Separation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with methanol (MeOH) is fundamentally difficult as DMC forms an azeotrope with MeOH. In this context, a holistic, three-tiered approach was undertaken to develop alternative MeOH/DMC separation systems by extractive distillation. To that end, a preliminary entrainer screening was conducted in the first tier using predictive UNIFAC-DMD and COSMO-SAC models. Based on calculated selectivities at infinite dilution ( ), twelve potentially promising candidates were chosen out of 34 solvents. These MSA candidates were allowed to be advanced to the next level of screening in which the limiting activity coefficients of methanol as well as dimethyl carbonate in those selected solvents were experimentally measured by the technique of headspace gas chromatography. At this level of screening, a composite Z-score taking both selectivity and solvency factors into account was employed. Two solvents - methyl salicylate and ethyl benzoate with relatively high values of the composite Z-score were identified for further vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) experiment in the second tier where four sets of data were measured using a dynamic recirculation cell. The effectiveness of the two solvents acting as entrainers was further quantitatively assessed by simulation in the last tier, and compared with that of others being used industrially or proposed in the literature. Through an iterative optimization scheme, extractive distillation system for each entrainer was optimized. The simulation results reveal that the effectiveness of the solvents under study is of the following order in terms of process economics: methyl salicylate > phenol ≈ 4-methyl-2-pentanone > dimethyl oxalate > ethyl benzoate > 2-ethoxyethanol.
Belaissaoui, Bouchra. "Généralisation d'une approche de conception de procédés de distillation réactive : application à la production d'hydrogène par le cycle thermochimique I-S." Phd thesis, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7437/1/belaissaoui.pdf.
Повний текст джерела