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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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1

Cohen, Yossi, and Daniel H. Rothman. "Mechanisms for mechanical trapping of geologically sequestered carbon dioxide." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2175 (March 2015): 20140853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0853.

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Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sequestration in subsurface reservoirs is important for limiting atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. However, a complete physical picture able to predict the structure developing within the porous medium is lacking. We investigate theoretically reactive transport in the long-time evolution of carbon in the brine–rock environment. As CO 2 is injected into a brine–rock environment, a carbonate-rich region is created amid brine. Within the carbonate-rich region minerals dissolve and migrate from regions of high-to-low concentration, along with other dissolved carbonate species. This causes mineral precipitation at the interface between the two regions. We argue that precipitation in a small layer reduces diffusivity, and eventually causes mechanical trapping of the CO 2 . Consequently, only a small fraction of the CO 2 is converted to solid mineral; the remainder either dissolves in water or is trapped in its original form. We also study the case of a pure CO 2 bubble surrounded by brine and suggest a mechanism that may lead to a carbonate-encrusted bubble owing to structural diffusion.
2

Akanishi, Yuya, Els Kesters, Quoc Toan Le, and Frank Holsteyns. "Corrosion of Co in BEOL interconnects in dilute HF solution." Solid State Phenomena 282 (August 2018): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.282.256.

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The impact of dissolved oxygen (O2) on cobalt (Co) corrosion in dilute HF (dHF) solution was studied. It was confirmed that Co etch rate was enhanced as the amount of dissolved O2 in the HF solution increased. The Co etch rate was also found to increase radially outward when performed on a single-wafer spin process in atmospheric air due to the uptake of O2 during the dispense process. The galvanic corrosion of Co was investigated with two types of structures with a Co/Cu interface in different dissolved O2 concentrations, i.e. (1) Co bump structures on Cu and (2) Cu lines with a Co/TaN liner/barrier structure. By controlling both the dissolved and the atmospheric O2 levels, galvanic corrosion prevention at the Co/Cu interface was achieved.
3

Dang, Jie, Ning Wang, and Hasan K. Atiyeh. "Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062165.

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Syngas fermentation is a promising technique to produce biofuels using syngas obtained through gasified biomass and other carbonaceous materials or collected from industrial CO-rich off-gases. The primary components of syngas, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), are converted to alcohols and other chemicals through an anaerobic fermentation process by acetogenic bacteria. Dissolved CO and H2 concentrations in fermentation media are among the most important parameters for successful and stable operation. However, the difficulties in timely and precise dissolved CO and H2 measurements hinder the industrial-scale commercialization of this technique. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of available dissolved CO and H2 measurement methods, focusing on their detection mechanisms, CO and H2 cross interference and operations in syngas fermentation process. This paper further discusses potential novel methods by providing a critical review of gas phase CO and H2 detection methods with regard to their capability to be modified for measuring dissolved CO and H2 in syngas fermentation conditions.
4

Bown, J., M. Boye, P. Laan, A. R. Bowie, Y. H. Park, C. Jeandel, and D. M. Nelson. "Imprint of a dissolved cobalt basaltic source on the Kerguelen Plateau." Biogeosciences 9, no. 12 (December 19, 2012): 5279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5279-2012.

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Abstract. Processes of cobalt (Co) entrainment from shelf sediments over the Kerguelen Plateau were studied during the KEOPS (Kerguelen Ocean Plateau compared Study) in order to explain the exceptionally high dissolved cobalt concentrations that have been measured in the surface waters above the Kerguelen Plateau, and in intermediate and deep waters above its eastern slope. Lateral advection and dissolution of Co contained in basalt sediments around Heard Island, a main source of lithogenic Co in the study area, were shown to imprint the process of surface enrichment over the plateau. Dissolved Co enrichment was strongest at the intercept of the eastern slope with intermediate and deep waters, probably due to more efficient mobilisation of the sediments in the slope current, in addition to advection of Co-enriched and low-oxygenated ocean water masses. In surface waters, the strong sedimentary Co inputs were estimated to be much higher than biological Co uptake in phytoplankton blooms, underlining the potential use of dissolved cobalt as tracer of the natural iron fertilization above the Kerguelen Plateau. Based on a simple steady-state balance equation of the external input of dissolved iron over the plateau, the fertilization of iron inferred by using dissolved Co as a tracer of basalt sources is estimated to be 28 × 102 ± 21 × 102 t yr−1 in surface waters of the Kerguelen Plateau. This estimate is consistent with preceding ones (Zhang et al., 2008; Chever et al., 2010), and the calculated iron supply matches with the phytoplankton demand (Sarthou et al., 2008).
5

Bundy, Randelle M., Alessandro Tagliabue, Nicholas J. Hawco, Peter L. Morton, Benjamin S. Twining, Mariko Hatta, Abigail E. Noble, et al. "Elevated sources of cobalt in the Arctic Ocean." Biogeosciences 17, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 4745–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4745-2020.

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Abstract. Cobalt (Co) is an important bioactive trace metal that is the metal cofactor in cobalamin (vitamin B12) which can limit or co-limit phytoplankton growth in many regions of the ocean. Total dissolved and labile Co measurements in the Canadian sector of the Arctic Ocean during the U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic expedition (GN01) and the Canadian International Polar Year GEOTRACES expedition (GIPY14) revealed a dynamic biogeochemical cycle for Co in this basin. The major sources of Co in the Arctic were from shelf regions and rivers, with only minimal contributions from other freshwater sources (sea ice, snow) and eolian deposition. The most striking feature was the extremely high concentrations of dissolved Co in the upper 100 m, with concentrations routinely exceeding 800 pmol L−1 over the shelf regions. This plume of high Co persisted throughout the Arctic basin and extended to the North Pole, where sources of Co shifted from primarily shelf-derived to riverine, as freshwater from Arctic rivers was entrained in the Transpolar Drift. Dissolved Co was also strongly organically complexed in the Arctic, ranging from 70 % to 100 % complexed in the surface and deep ocean, respectively. Deep-water concentrations of dissolved Co were remarkably consistent throughout the basin (∼55 pmol L−1), with concentrations reflecting those of deep Atlantic water and deep-ocean scavenging of dissolved Co. A biogeochemical model of Co cycling was used to support the hypothesis that the majority of the high surface Co in the Arctic was emanating from the shelf. The model showed that the high concentrations of Co observed were due to the large shelf area of the Arctic, as well as to dampened scavenging of Co by manganese-oxidizing (Mn-oxidizing) bacteria due to the lower temperatures. The majority of this scavenging appears to have occurred in the upper 200 m, with minimal additional scavenging below this depth. Evidence suggests that both dissolved Co (dCo) and labile Co (LCo) are increasing over time on the Arctic shelf, and these limited temporal results are consistent with other tracers in the Arctic. These elevated surface concentrations of Co likely lead to a net flux of Co out of the Arctic, with implications for downstream biological uptake of Co in the North Atlantic and elevated Co in North Atlantic Deep Water. Understanding the current distributions of Co in the Arctic will be important for constraining changes to Co inputs resulting from regional intensification of freshwater fluxes from ice and permafrost melt in response to ongoing climate change.
6

Afrida, Yenni, and Fitriono. "Analisa Kondisi Minyak Trafo Berdasarkan Hasil Uji Dissolved Gas Analisys Pada Trafo Daya #1 Di PT.PLN (PERSERO) GARDU INDUK KOTABUMI." Electrician 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v16n3.2408.

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Abstract — Transformer oil is very important because it functions as a coolant and also as an insulator. In transformer oil there are dissolved gases that can cause failure of the transformer due to gas failure (fault gas). This research was conducted to determine the condition of transformer oil by analyzing the results of the Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) test. The DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) test is used to determine the type of failure in a transformer that has been operating for years. The DGA test is carried out by monitoring fault gases such as H2, CH4, CO, CO2, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2, O2, N2 and O2N2 which generally cannot be detected in testing the characteristics of transformer oil. Based on the test results using the Total Dissolve Gas Analysis (TDCG) method condition 1 with the amount of flammable gas 202.845 ppm with the interpretation that the transformer can operate normally. The test results using the Roger's Ratio method on the Power Transformer 1 GI Kotabumi obtained codes 0 0 0. From the combination of the 3 codes above, it shows that the transformer oil is in good condition. The results of the test using the Key Gas method on Power Transformer 1 GI Kotabumi obtained a CO value of 56% caused by overheating of cellulose or overheating of solid insulation in the transformer but that value is still far from the threshold Keywords— Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA),Transformer oil, Roger'r ratio method, KeyGas
7

Fu, An Qing, Yang Zhou, Ming Jie Zhu, Yao Rong Feng, Xun Ji Li, Feng Shou Shangguan, Cheng Xian Yin, and Zhen Quan Bai. "CO2 Permeability Characterization of High Performance Composite Coating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.117.

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In this work, the permeability of high performance composite coating (HPCC) and its containing layers fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) and middle density polyethylene (MDPE) to dissolved CO2 was investigated. The obtained results showed that the permeability to dissolved CO2 of HPCC, FBE, and MDPE are in order of HPCC<FBE<MDPE, the corresponding values of three coatings are 1.27 × 10-11 mol/atm⋅m⋅s, 1.54 × 10-11, and 3.51×10-10 mol/atm⋅m⋅s, respectively. The measurement methodology of dissolved CO2 permeability on organic coatings is feasible based on the present work.
8

Tovar-Sanchez, A., and S. A. Sañudo-Wilhelmy. "Influence of the Amazon River on dissolved and intra-cellular metal concentrations in <i>Trichodesmium</i> colonies along the western boundary of the sub-tropical North Atlantic Ocean." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (August 27, 2010): 6523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-6523-2010.

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Abstract. Despite the ecological importance of Trichodesmium spp. for the global oceanic nitrogen budget, there is limited information on their trace metal composition in field samples. We report dissolved (<0.22 μm) metal concentrations measured in surface waters (Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, P, Pb and V) and in the total and the intracellular pool (Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, V) of Trichodesmium populations collected in the western subtropical North Atlantic Ocean (April–May 2003) within the influence of the Amazon River plume. Dissolved element distributions were strongly influenced by the River discharge, with concentrations of some elements varying directly (i.e. Cd, Mo and V) or inversely (Ag, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, P and Pb) with surface salinity. Intracellular metal values to phosphorous ratios (mol:mol) for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and V ranged from 9.0×10−6 for Cd to 4.4×10−2 for Fe. Although total metal composition was significantly correlated with the intracellular content in the Trichodesmium colonies for some elements (e.g., Co, Cu, V), metal pools in the phytoplankton did not co-vary with the dissolved metal concentrations, suggesting that water column measurements may not be good predictors of the intracellular metal concentrations. The impact of physical parameters and bioactive elements on biological processes in Trichodesmium such as nitrogen fixation, carbon drawdown and biomass production was explored by using a principal component analysis test (PCA). The analysis indicates that the biological drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by Trichodesmium seems to be influenced by the internal content of Fe, Co, Cd, Cu and Mn, while nitrogen fixation seems more influenced by the internal concentration of Mo, Ni and V and by the dissolved phosphorous concentrations.
9

Tovar-Sanchez, A., and S. A. Sañudo-Wilhelmy. "Influence of the Amazon River on dissolved and intra-cellular metal concentrations in <i>Trichodesmium</i> colonies along the western boundary of the sub-tropical North Atlantic Ocean." Biogeosciences 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2011): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-217-2011.

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Abstract. Despite the ecological importance of Trichodesmium spp. for the global oceanic nitrogen budget, there is limited information on their trace metal composition in field samples. We report dissolved (<0.22 μm) metal concentrations measured in surface waters (Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, P, Pb and V) and in the total and the intracellular pool (Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, V) of Trichodesmium populations collected in the western subtropical North Atlantic Ocean (April–May 2003) within the influence of the Amazon River plume. Dissolved element distributions were strongly influenced by the River discharge, with concentrations of some elements varying directly (i.e. Cd, Mo and V) or inversely (Ag, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, P and Pb) with surface salinity. Intracellular metal values to phosphorous ratios (mol:mol) for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and V ranged from 9.0 × 10−6 for Cd to 4.4 × 10−2 for Fe. Although total metal composition was significantly correlated with the intracellular content in the Trichodesmium colonies for some elements (e.g., Co, Cu, V), metal pools in the phytoplankton did not co-vary with the dissolved metal concentrations, suggesting that water column measurements may not be good predictors of the intracellular metal concentrations. The impact of physical parameters and bioactive elements on biological processes such as nitrogen fixation, carbon drawdown and biomass production in Trichodesmium colonies was explored by using a principal component analysis test (PCA). The analysis indicated that the biological drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by Trichodesmium seems to be influenced by the internal content of Fe, Co, Cd, and Cu, while nitrogen fixation seems more influenced by mixed layer depth and dissolved Fe and Ni concentrations.
10

Hart, Barry T., and Tina Hines. "Geochemistry of Cu, Zn and Fe in the Tambo River, Australia I. Oxidation of Fe(II)-rich water entering the river." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 1 (2008): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07056.

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The behaviour of Fe, Cu and Zn was studied during the laboratory oxidation of an acidic (pH 5.8) sample of naturally contaminated water from the Tambo River (Victoria, Australia). Changes in the concentrations of the dissolved, colloidal and particulate fractions of these metals were followed over 288 h. The initial concentrations of dissolved Cu (18.5 mg L–1) and Zn (22.6 mg L–1) were ~15-fold greater than that of the dissolved Fe (1.13 mg L–1). Dissolved Fe was completely removed from solution in 60 h, with removal following the well established first order oxidation kinetics for Fe(II). A relatively small amount of the dissolved Cu (18%) and dissolved Zn (14%) was removed from the solution, although the removal mechanisms appear to be different. A ‘co-precipitation-surface precipitation’ mechanism is proposed to explain the behaviour of the Cu and Zn, with Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III) co-precipitating to form colloidal Fe(OH)3-Cu(OH)2-Zn(OH)2 particles following the initial oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III).
11

Sharma, Dushyant, and Renu Jain. "Diurnal Variation in Some Aspects of Limnology of Gopalpura Tank of District Guna (Madhya Pradesh, India)." Environment Conservation Journal 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2001): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2001.020105.

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Gopalpura tank is one of the artificial water bodies of Guna (M. P.). It is used mainly for irrigation and pisciculture by the nearby villagers. Diurnal variations in physico-chemical factors such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO,, alkalinity and plankton (phytoplankton as well as Zooplankton) of the tank were studied. Fluctuations were found in water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO and alkalinity. Free CO and alkalinity exhibited a negative relationship with the temperature. Abundance of plankton also showed a distinct diurnal variation.
12

Ahmad, Adibah Dayana, Jailani Salihon, and Ding Gong Tao. "Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration by Microalgae Culture in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Medium." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.311.

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The microalgae Chlorella sp. grows well in POME medium sparged with a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and air under 10,000 lx of lighting. The percentage of CO2 in the mixture, and the flow rate of the mixture (representing agitation) have important effects on the microalgae biomass yield. However, the percentage recovery of CO2 as microalgae biomass was very low in all cases, indicating that most of the sparged CO2 did not dissolve in the POME and was not sequestered by the microalgae but has in fact escaped with the bubbles into the head-space and out into the atmosphere. This result indicates that in order to increase the percentage of CO2 recovered, the area of improvement is mainly in the mass transfer of CO2 from the gas phase into the liquid phase. To ensure that dissolved CO2 does not re-form bubbles, the mass transfer has to be demand-driven, where the rate of uptake of dissolved CO2 by the microalgae has to be higher than the rate of mass transfer of CO2 from gas phase into the liquid medium.
13

Mulkapuri, Sateesh, Sathish Kumar Kurapati, and Samar K. Das. "Carbonate encapsulation from dissolved atmospheric CO2 into a polyoxovanadate capsule." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 24 (2019): 8773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt01103j.

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A fully reduced polyoxovanadate compound [Na6(H2O)24][H8VIV15O36(CO3)]·3N2H4·10H2O (1) with CO32− encapsulation in its internal cavity (from dissolved aerial CO2 in the synthesis reaction mixture) is reported. Compound 1 crystals, on exposure of HCl vapor, excludes carbonate as a CO2 gas that can be reacted with a Grignard reagent to produce triphenylcarbinol as a major product.
14

Bown, J., M. Boye, P. Laan, A. R. Bowie, Y. H. Park, C. Jeandel, and D. M. Nelson. "Imprint of a dissolved cobalt basaltic source on the Kerguelen Plateau." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 6 (June 19, 2012): 7291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-7291-2012.

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Abstract. Processes of cobalt (Co) entrainment from shelf sediments over the Kerguelen Plateau were studied during the KEOPS (Kerguelen Ocean Plateau compared Study) in order to explain the exceptionally high dissolved cobalt concentrations that have been measured in the surface waters above the Kerguelen Plateau, and in intermediate and deep waters above its eastern slope. Lateral advection and dissolution of Co contained in basalt sediments around Heard Island, a main source of lithogenic Co in the study area, were shown to imprint the process of surface enrichment over the plateau. Dissolved Co enrichment was strongest at the intercept of the eastern slope with intermediate and deep waters, probably due to more efficient mobilisation of the sediments in the slope current, in addition to advection of Co-enriched and low oxygenated ocean water-masses. In surface waters, strong sedimentary Co inputs were estimated to be much higher than biological Co uptake in phytoplankton blooms, underlining the potential role of cobalt as lithogenic tracer. Based on a simple, steady state balance equation of the external input of dissolved iron over the plateau, the fertilization of iron inferred by using Co as a tracer of basalt sources is estimated to be 28 × 102 ± 21 × 102 ton yr−1 in surface waters of the Kerguelen Plateau. This estimate is consistent with preceding ones and the required iron supply matching the phytoplankton demand.
15

Do Thi Thuy Tram, Dang Thi Ngoc Thanh, and Hoang Minh Tam. "Characterization of phosphate and potassium solubilization, and antifungal activity of bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of Allium ascalonicum (L.) grown in Ninh Hai district, Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, no. 3 (March 30, 2023): 018–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.3.0318.

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Bacteria in the rhizosphere of red onion plants grown in Ninh Hai district, Ninh Thuan province were isolated, tested for P, K solubility and antifungal ability. Bacteria were isolated and cross-cultured on two media, NBRIP containing apatite and modified Aleksandrov containing mica. Dissolved P was measured molybdate colorimetric method and dissolved K was determined based on turbidity through present of sodium tetraphenylborate. Antifungal performance was limited to selected lines and was performed by co-culture. Bacterial identification was based on two-way sequencing for 16S rDNA sequences. The five best strains out of a total of 33 isolates were TH8, TH9, TH10, VH3 and VH5, which were able to dissolve phosphate in the range of 29.4 – 54.4 mg/L P2O5, and dissolved in potassium in the range of 13.0 – 26.4 mg/L K2O, and were resistant to A. niger with inhibition efficiency from 57% – 62.6% after 7 days of co-culture. Two strains VH5 and TH8 were also capable of antagonizing F. oxysporum with the inhibition efficiency of 60.2% and 70.7%, respectively. The identification results showed that TH9, TH10 and VH5 were homologous to Enterobacter sp., TH8 was homologous to E. soli, and VH3 was homologous to Novosphingobium sp. Enterobacter and Novosphingobium had been reported to promote plant growth in addition to salt tolerance and resistance to heavy metal pollution, so these bacterial strains could be applied to the cultivation of red onions in Ninh Thuan.
16

Song, Xiaofei, Jianmin Hao, Yijia Bai, Limin Han, Guangfei Yan, Xu Lian, and Jiansheng Liu. "Solvent-free oxidation of cyclohexane by oxygen over Al–Cu–Co alloys: influence of the phase structure and electrical conductivity on catalytic activity." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 10 (2017): 4031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00238f.

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17

Lini, Freshsya Zata, Dhanang Edy Pratama, and Tu Lee. "Co-Crystallization Kinetics of 2:1 Benzoic Acid–Sodium Benzoate Co-Crystal: The Effect of Templating Molecules in a Solution." Crystals 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070812.

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The addition of dissolved templating molecules in crystallization will create “supramolecular assemblies” within the solution, serving as “anchor points” for the solute molecules to nucleate and grow. In this work, nucleation and crystal growth kinetics of 2:1 benzoic acid (HBz)–sodium benzoate (NaBz) co-crystallization with or without templates in a solution were analyzed by monitoring the concentration of the mother liquor during cooling crystallization. The results showed that the addition of the dissolved 2:1 or 1:1 HBz–NaBz co-crystals as templating molecules could reduce the critical free energy barrier of 2:1 HBz–NaBz co-crystal during its nucleation, but did not significantly affect the order of crystal growth rate. On the other hand, the critical free energy barrier of the nucleation process was increased if dissolved NaBz was used as a templating molecule, while a significant rise in the order of crystal growth rate occurred. The crystal habit obtained from the NaBz-templated system was needle-like, suggesting that sodium–sodium coordination chains of NaBz supramolecular assemblies in the solution phase were responsible for creating elongated crystals. Conversely, a large prismatic crystal habit found in non-templated and 2:1 and 1:1 HBz–NaBz co-crystal-templated systems implied that those templating molecules formed sparsely interconnected supramolecular assemblies in the solution phase.
18

Campen, Hanna I., Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, and Hermann W. Bange. "Carbon monoxide (CO) cycling in the Fram Strait, Arctic Ocean." Biogeosciences 20, no. 7 (April 12, 2023): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1371-2023.

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Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) influences the radiative budget and oxidative capacity of the atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean, which is a source of atmospheric CO. Yet, oceanic CO cycling is understudied in this area, particularly in light of the ongoing rapid environmental changes. We present results from incubation experiments conducted in the Fram Strait in August–September 2019 under different environmental conditions: while lower pH did not affect CO production (GPCO) or consumption (kCO) rates, enhanced GPCO and kCO were positively correlated with coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and dissolved nitrate concentrations, respectively, suggesting microbial CO uptake under oligotrophic conditions to be a driving factor for variability in CO surface concentrations. Both production and consumption of CO will likely increase in the future, but it is unknown which process will dominate. Our results will help to improve models predicting future CO concentrations and emissions and their effects on the radiative budget and the oxidative capacity of the Arctic atmosphere.
19

Wang, Ruiqin, Mengxin Zhang, Ying Guan, Mao Chen, and Yongjun Zhang. "A CO2-responsive hydrogel film for optical sensing of dissolved CO2." Soft Matter 15, no. 30 (2019): 6107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00958b.

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20

Desboeufs, Karine, Franck Fu, Matthieu Bressac, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Sylvain Triquet, Jean-François Doussin, Chiara Giorio, et al. "Wet deposition in the remote western and central Mediterranean as a source of trace metals to surface seawater." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 2309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2309-2022.

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Abstract. This study reports the only recent characterization of two contrasted wet deposition events collected during the PEACETIME (ProcEss studies at the Air–sEa Interface after dust deposition in the MEditerranean Sea) cruise in the open Mediterranean Sea (Med Sea) and their impact on trace metal (TM) marine stocks. Rain samples were analysed for Al, 12 TMs (Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn) and nutrient (N, P, dissolved organic carbon) concentrations. The first rain sample collected in the Ionian Sea (Rain ION) was a typical regional background wet deposition event, whereas the second rain sample collected in the Algerian Basin (Rain FAST) was a Saharan dust wet deposition event. Even in the remote Med Sea, all background TM inputs presented an anthropogenic signature, except for Fe, Mn and Ti. The concentrations of TMs in the two rain samples were significantly lower compared to concentrations in rains collected at coastal sites reported in the literature, due to the decrease in anthropogenic emissions during the preceding decades. The atmospheric TM inputs were mainly dissolved forms, even in dusty Rain FAST. The TM stocks in the mixed layer (ML, 0–20 m) at the FAST station before and after the event showed that the atmospheric inputs were a significant supply of particulate TMs and dissolved Fe and Co for surface seawater. Even if the wet deposition delivers TMs mainly in soluble form, the post-deposition aerosol dissolution could to be a key additional pathway in the supply of dissolved TMs. At the scale of the western and central Mediterranean, the atmospheric inputs were of the same order of magnitude as ML stocks for dissolved Fe, Co and Zn, highlighting the role of the atmosphere in their biogeochemical cycles in the stratified Med Sea. In case of intense dust-rich wet deposition events, the role of atmospheric inputs as an external source was extended to dissolved Co, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. Our results suggest that the wet deposition constitutes only a source of some of dissolved TMs for Med Sea surface waters. The contribution of dry deposition to the atmospheric TM inputs needs to be investigated.
21

Budkov, Yu A., and A. L. Kolesnikov. "Statistical description of co-nonsolvency suppression at high pressures." Soft Matter 13, no. 45 (2017): 8362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01637a.

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Eftaiha, Ala'a F., Farah M. Mustafa, Fatima Alsoubani, Khaleel I. Assaf, and Abdussalam K. Qaroush. "A catecholamine neurotransmitter: epinephrine as a CO2 wet scrubbing agent." Chemical Communications 55, no. 24 (2019): 3449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09572h.

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23

Kantola, Anu M., Perttu Lantto, Ivo Heinmaa, Juha Vaara, and Jukka Jokisaari. "Direct magnetic-field dependence of NMR chemical shift." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 16 (2020): 8485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01372b.

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24

Adeniji, Ayodeji Oluwole, Iyabo Oluremi Olabanji, and Ayodele Emmanuel Oluyemi. "Physicochemical Parameters Of Effluents From A Lubricating Oil Company And Metal Analysis Of The Sediment Of The Receiving Stream In Osogbo Osun State, Nigeria." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 15, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 6087–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v15i1.7100.

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Effluent and its receiving sediment samples were collected on seasonal basis, comprising of three months (August to October, 2014) in the wet season and three months (December 2014 to February 2015) in the dry season. Five sampling points around the lubricating oil company were marked for the study. Physicochemical parameters of the effluent samples such as pH, temperature, conductivity, total dissolve solids were determined in situ. Dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand were determined by Winkler´s method. Digestion of the sediments was carried out by acid dissolution. The heavy metals (Mn, Ni, Co, Cd and Pb) level was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results revealed that the physicochemical parameters ranged between (27.40 to 29.860C) for temperature, pH (6.89 to 7.88), electrical conductivity (92.27 to 292.84µs/cm), total dissolve solids, dissolved oxygen (2.58 to 7.01mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (5.00 to 14.00mg/L) for the sampling periods. The overall total metal was in similar order: Mn > Ni > Co > Cd > Pb for both seasons. Most of the results were within the recommended limit required except for the levels of biochemical oxygen demand which exceeded the recommended value of 10mg/L in dry season by WHO, (2006). Statistically, no significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 between the parameters obtained in both seasons. The study concluded that the effluents discharged from the lubricating oil company in osogbo was polluted based on the results of biochemical oxygen demand and the Cd concentrations in the sediment samples.
25

Meirinawati, Hanny. "SILIKON TERLARUT UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN DIATOM." OSEANA 43, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2018.vol.43no.1.10.

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DISSOLVED SILICON FOR DIATOM GROWTH. Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust. Silicon is an essential nutrient for diatom growth (Bacillariophyceae). Diatom require dissolved silicon to build silicate cell walls (frustule). Factors regulating diatom growth rate are cell size, concentration, heat, temperature, and concentration of Fe and Zn. The main source of dissolved silicon in the ocean is chemical weathering of rocks. The availability of dissolved silicon plays an important role in controlling the biogeochemical that regulates primary production, atmospheric CO, climate and ocean circulation. Changes in Si:N and Si:P ratios can affect the phytoplankton composition. Beside that, the function of silicon can reduce carbon dioxide levels from the atmosphere. This paper aims to provide information on the process of the occurrence of dissolved silicon in the sea and the function of dissolved silicon especially for diatom growth.
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Aleksandrov Fabijanić, Tamara, Marin Kurtela, Matija Sakoman, and Mateja Šnajdar Musa. "Influence of Co Content and Chemical Nature of the Co Binder on the Corrosion Resistance of Nanostructured WC-Co Hardmetals in Acidic Solution." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 3933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143933.

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The electrochemical corrosion resistance of nanostructured hardmetals with grain sizes dWC < 200 nm was researched concerning Co content and the chemical nature of the Co binder. Fully dense nanostructured hardmetals with the addition of grain growth inhibitors GGIs, VC and Cr3C2, and 5 wt.%Co, 10 wt.%Co, and 15 wt.%Co were developed by a one cycle sinter-HIP process. The samples were detailly characterized in terms of microstructural characteristics and researched in the solution of H2SO4 + CO2 by direct and alternative current techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Performed analysis revealed a homogeneous microstructure of equal and uniform grain size for different Co contents. The importance of GGIs content adjustment was established as a key factor of obtaining a homogeneous microstructure with WC grain size retained at the same values as in starting mixtures of different Co binder content. From the conducted research, Co content has shown to be the dominant influential factor governing electrochemical corrosion resistance of nanostructured hardmetals compared to the chemical composition of the Co binder and WC grain size. Negative values of Ecorr measured for 30 min in 96% H2SO4 + CO2 were obtained for all samples indicating material dissolution and instability in acidic solution. Higher values of Rp and lower values of icorr and vcorr were obtained for samples with lower Co content. In contrast, the anodic Tafel slope increases with increasing Co content which could be attributed to more pronounced oxidation of the higher Co content samples. Previously researched samples with the same composition but different chemical composition of the binder were introduced in the analysis. The chemical composition of the Co binder showed an influence; samples with lower relative magnetic saturation related to lower C content added to the starting mixtures and more W dissolved in the Co binder during the sintering process showed better corrosion resistance. WC-5Co sample with significantly lower magnetic saturation value showed approximately 30% lower corrosion rate. WC-10Co sample with slightly lower relative magnetic saturation value and showed approximately 10% lower corrosion rate. Higher content of Cr3C2 dissolved in the binder contributed to a lower corrosion rate. Slight VC increase did not contribute to corrosion resistance. Superior corrosion resistance is attributed to W and C dissolved in the Co binder, lower magnetic saturation, or WC grain size of the sintered sample.
27

Guo, Wangbiao, Jun Cheng, Yanmei Song, Santosh Kumar, Kubar Ameer Ali, Caifeng Guo, and Zhanshan Qiao. "Developing a CO2 bicarbonation absorber for promoting microalgal growth rates with an improved photosynthesis pathway." RSC Advances 9, no. 5 (2019): 2746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09538h.

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To increase the residence time of CO2 gas added directly to the raceway pond, a CO2 bicarbonation absorber was proposed to convert CO2 gas and Na2CO3 to NaHCO3, which was dissolved easily in the solution and left to promote the biomass growth rate.
28

Zhou, Qu, Chao Tang, Shiping Zhu, Weigen Chen та Xiaojuan Peng. "Detection of Dissolved Carbon Monoxide in Transformer Oil Using 1.567 μm Diode Laser-Based Photoacoustic Spectroscopy". Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/737635.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most important fault characteristic gases dissolved in power transformer oil. With the advantages of high sensitivity and accuracy, long-term stability, and short detection time, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has been proven to be one promising sensing technology for trace gas recognition. In this investigation, a tunable PAS experimental system based on a distributed-feedback (DFB) diode laser was proposed for recognizing dissolved CO in transformer oil. The molecular spectral line of CO gas detection was selected at 1.567 μm in the whole experiment. Relationships between the photoacoustic (PA) signal and gas pressure, temperature, laser power, and CO gas concentration were measured and discussed in detail, respectively. Finally, based on the least square regression theory, a novel quantitative identification method for CO gas detection with the PAS experimental system was proposed. And a comparative research about the gas detection performances performed by the PAS system and gas chromatography (GC) measurement was presented. All results lay a solid foundation for exploring a portable and tunable CO gas PAS detection device for practical application in future.
29

Lin, Andrew S., Jerry Chen, and Trav Huang. "Electrochemical Oxidation of Dissolved Carbon Monoxide on Rotating Disk Electrodes and Micro-Electrodes." Advanced Materials Research 1101 (April 2015): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1101.144.

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This work was to study the dissolved CO in solution phase by using rotating disk electrodes and the solution phase CO demonstrate the limiting currents dependence of rotating speeds. Gold and gold-platinum metals clusters are used in glassy carbon supported rotating disk electrode for electrochemical oxidation of the solution phase CO. Small metal clusters and Au-Pt alloy effects are observed in the measurements. The comparison of microelectrode and RDE study of solution phase CO electrochemical oxidation is confirmed the limiting currents dependence of the boundary layers concentrations.
30

Prasad, Saradh, Raya H. Alhandel, Nassar N. Asemi, and Mohamad S. AlSalhi. "Effects of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) on Green-Emitting Conjugated Copolymer’s Optical and Laser Properties Using Simulation and Experimental Studies." Polymers 15, no. 23 (November 29, 2023): 4572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234572.

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The properties of a conjugated copolymer (CP), poly[(9,9-Dioctyl-2,7-divinylenefluorenylene)-alt-co-(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene) (PDVF-co-MEH-PV), were investigated in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using absorption, fluorescence, laser, and time-resolved spectroscopy. CPs are usually dissolved in low-polar solvents. Although GO does not dissolve well, rGO and PDVF-co-MEH-PV dissolve in chloroform due to their oxygen acceptor sites. Hence, we studied rGO/PDVF-co-MEH-PV (CP/rGO), performing all experiments and simulations in chloroform. We performed simulations on PDVF-co-MEH-PV, approximate GO, and rGO using time-dependent density-functional theory calculations to comprehend the molecular dynamics and interactions at the molecular level. The simulation polymer used a tail-truncated oligomer model with up to three monomer units. The simulation and experimental results were in agreement. Further, the PDVF-co-MEH-PV exhibited fluorescence, laser quenching, rGO-mediated laser blinking, and spectral broadening effects when GO and rGO concentrations increased. The experimental and simulation results were compared to provide a plausible mechanism of interaction between PDVF-co-MEH-PV and rGO. We observed that for lower concentrations of rGO, the interaction did not considerably decrease the amplified spontaneous emissions of PDVF-co-MEH-PV. However, the fluorescence of PDVF-co-MEH-PV was considerably quenched at higher concentrations of rGO. These results could be helpful for future applications, such as in sensors, solar cells, and optoelectronic device design. To demonstrate the sensor capability of these composites, a paper-based sensor was designed to detect ethanol and nitrotoluene. An instrumentation setup was proposed that is cheap, reusable, and multifunctional.
31

Yoshida, Hiroshi, Akitoshi Tomizawa, Hiroto Tachikawa, Shin-ichiro Fujita, and Masahiko Arai. "Molecular interactions with CO2 for controlling the regioselectivity of liquid phase hydrogenation of 2,4-dinitroaniline." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 35 (2014): 18955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02114b.

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32

Lloyd, Danielle J., Vasiliki Nikolaou, Jennifer Collins, Christopher Waldron, Athina Anastasaki, Simon P. Bassett, Steven M. Howdle, et al. "Controlled aqueous polymerization of acrylamides and acrylates and “in situ” depolymerization in the presence of dissolved CO2." Chemical Communications 52, no. 39 (2016): 6533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc03027k.

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33

الخفاجي, باسم يوسف. "دراسة تأثير مطروحات محطة الطاقة الكهربائية الحرارية في تراكيز بعض العناصر النزرة في مياه ورواسب نهر الفرات قرب مركز مدينة الناصرية-جنوب العراق". University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 4, № 2 (4 травня 2014): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v4i2.601.

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The present study was conducted to indicate effects of the Nassyria Thermal energy power plant on Euphrates river in Nassyria city - south Iraq, in four selected stations along a distance of 10 Km with in Euphrates river during the period Autumn 2010 to summer 2011. The investigation included the physical and chemical properties of water as well as concentration and distribution of some trace elements( Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phase for the water and sediments, Moreover , sediment texture and total organic carbon (TOC%) were also investigated. This study showed that the concentrations averages of Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in dissolved phase in water were (2.22 , 5.55 , 125.9 , 7.21 , 22 , and 10.03) μg/L respectively, while their concentrations in particulate phase were (16.67, 106.22 , 8496 , 146.43 , 1608.46 , and , 625.3) μg/g dry weight respectively. In sediments, the concentrations averages of trace elements they were (7, 30.76, 1633.75, 78.1, 192.75 , and 135.88) μg/g dry weight respectively. The statistical analysis didn't show a significant correlation between to most element in sediment and sediment texture in addition total organic carbon. Trace elements recorded were varied seasonally. The highest concentration among trace element was Fe and lowest concentration was Cd in both water phase and sediments, and the present study recoded value of trace elements in: particulate phase < sediment < dissolve phase.
34

McKellar, Scott C., Jorge Sotelo, John P. S. Mowat, Paul A. Wright, and Stephen A. Moggach. "Perfluorocarbon liquid under pressure: a medium for gas delivery." CrystEngComm 18, no. 8 (2016): 1273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ce01989c.

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A novel method for CO2 delivery to a porous material is reported, wherein a perfluorocarbon containing dissolved CO2 has been used as a pressure-transmitting liquid in a high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment.
35

Griffiths, J., J. Nutter, A. Binley, N. Crook, A. Young, and J. Pates. "Variability of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> in the Pang and Lambourn Chalk rivers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2007): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-328-2007.

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Abstract. This paper presents the results of a two-year field campaign to determine the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater interaction with surface waters in two Cretaceous Chalk catchments (the Pang and Lambourn) in the Upper Thames in Berkshire, UK, based on measurement of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2). Average stream water concentrations of dissolved CO2 were up to 35 times the concentration at atmospheric equilibrium. Mean groundwater concentrations of 85 and 70 times the atmospheric equilibrium were determined from borehole water sampled in the Pang and Lambourn respectively. Diurnal and seasonal variation of in-stream concentration of dissolved CO2 is not significant enough to mask the signal from groundwater inputs.
36

Eftaiha, Ala'a F., Abdussalam K. Qaroush, Khaleel I. Assaf, Fatima Alsoubani, Thomas Markus Pehl, Carsten Troll, and Musa I. El-Barghouthi. "Bis-tris propane in DMSO as a wet scrubbing agent: carbamic acid as a sequestered CO2 species." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 20 (2017): 11941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj02130e.

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37

Zhang, Anyu, Jing Zhang, Ruifeng Zhang, and Yun Xue. "Modified enrichment and purification protocol for dissolved silicon-isotope determination in natural waters." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 29, no. 12 (2014): 2414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00122b.

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38

Gillispie, Elizabeth C., Erika Andujar, and Matthew L. Polizzotto. "Chemical controls on abiotic and biotic release of geogenic arsenic from Pleistocene aquifer sediments to groundwater." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 18, no. 8 (2016): 1090–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6em00359a.

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39

Ferraro, Anthony J., Mallory Lucier-Greer, and Karen Oehme. "Psychometric Evaluation of the Multidimensional Co-Parenting Scale for Dissolved Relationships." Journal of Child and Family Studies 27, no. 9 (June 15, 2018): 2780–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1124-2.

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40

Ryu, Heon Yul, Palwasha Jalalzai, Nagendra Prasad Yerriboina, Tae Gon Kim, Satomi Hamada, and Jin Goo Park. "Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Removal of Benzotriazole from Co during a Post-Co CMP Cleaning." Solid State Phenomena 314 (February 2021): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.314.270.

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A systematic study of the adsorption of benzotriazole on Co surface and its removal in aqueous solutions was carried out for post-CMP cleaning application. Static etch rate (SER) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed. The experimental results show that BTA adsorbed well on Co surface when it exposed to BTA solution at neutral and alkaline pH. BTA did not adsorb due to active Co dissolution at acidic pH. The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in de-ionized (DI) water on the removal of Co-BTA complex layer was investigated. At DI water rinse process after BTA treatment, Co-BTA layer was maintained on Co surface when DO concentration of DI water was low. Interestingly, BTA was removed by DI water with high DO concentration.
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Kaiho, Kunio. "Benthic foraminiferal dissolved-oxygen index and dissolved-oxygen levels in the modern ocean." Geology 22, no. 8 (1994): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0719:bfdoia>2.3.co;2.

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42

Hanson, Paul C., Stephen R. Carpenter, David E. Armstrong, Emily H. Stanley, and Timothy K. Kratz. "LAKE DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN: CHANGING DRIVERS FROM DAYS TO DECADES." Ecological Monographs 76, no. 3 (August 2006): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0343:ldicad]2.0.co;2.

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43

Xu, Jing, Xunwen Xiao, Ke Deng, and Qingdao Zeng. "Transformation of self-assembly of a TTF derivative at the 1-phenyloctane/HOPG interface studied by STM—from a nanoporous network to a linear structure." Nanoscale 8, no. 3 (2016): 1652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr07345f.

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44

Eftaiha, Ala'a F., Abdussalam K. Qaroush, Fatima Alsoubani, Thomas M. Pehl, Carsten Troll, Bernhard Rieger, Bassem A. Al-Maythalony та Khaleel I. Assaf. "A green sorbent for CO2 capture: α-cyclodextrin-based carbonate in DMSO solution". RSC Advances 8, № 66 (2018): 37757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08040b.

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45

Saito, M. A., T. J. Goepfert, A. E. Noble, E. M. Bertrand, P. N. Sedwick, and G. R. DiTullio. "A seasonal study of dissolved cobalt in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: micronutrient behavior, absence of scavenging, and relationships with Zn, Cd, and P." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (August 25, 2010): 6387–439. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-6387-2010.

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Abstract. We report the distribution of cobalt (Co) in the Ross Sea polynya during austral summer 2005–2006 and the following austral spring 2006. The vertical distribution of total dissolved Co (dCo) was similar to soluble reactive phosphate (PO43-), with dCo and PO43- showing a significant correlation throughout the water column (r2=0.87). A strong seasonal signal for dCo was observed, with most spring samples having concentrations ranging from ~45–85 pM, whereas summer dCo values were depleted below these levels by biological activity. Surface transect data from the summer cruise revealed concentrations at the low range of this seasonal variability (~30 pM dCo), with concentrations as low as 20 pM observed in some regions where PO43- was depleted to ~0.1 μM. Both complexed Co, defined as the fraction of dCo bound by strong organic ligands, and labile Co, defined as the fraction of dCo not bound by these ligands, were typically observed in significant concentrations throughout the water column. This contrasts the depletion of labile Co observed in the euphotic zone of other ocean regions, suggesting a much higher bioavailability for Co in the Ross Sea. An ecological stoichiometry of 37.6 μmol Co:mol−1 PO43- calculated from dissolved concentrations was similar to values observed in the subarctic Pacific, but approximately tenfold lower than values in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and Equatorial Atlantic. The ecological stoichiometries for dissolved Co and Zn suggest a greater overall use of Zn relative to Co in the shallow waters of the Ross Sea, with a Co:PO43-/Zn:PO43- ratio of 1:17. Comparison of these observed stoichiometries with values estimated in culture studies suggests that Zn is a key micronutrient that likely influences phytoplankton diversity in the Ross Sea. In contrast, the observed ecological stoichiometries for Co were below values necessary for the growth of eukaryotic phytoplankton in laboratory culture experiments conducted in the absence of added zinc, implying the need for significant Zn nutrition in the Zn-Co cambialistic enzymes. The lack of an obvious kink in the dissolved Co:PO43- relationship was in contrast to Zn:PO43- and Cd:PO43- kinks previously observed in the Ross Sea. A mechanism for kink formation is proposed where Zn and Cd uptake in excess of that needed for optimal growth occurs at the base of the euphotic zone, and no clear Co kink occurs because its abundances are too low for excess uptake. An unusual characteristic of Co geochemistry in the Ross Sea is an apparent lack of Co scavenging processes, as inferred from the absence of dCo removal below the euphotic zone. We hypothesize that this vertical distribution reflects a low rate of Co scavenging by Mn oxidizing bacteria, perhaps due to Mn scarcity, relative to the timescale of the annual deep winter mixing in the Ross Sea. Thus Co exhibits nutrient-like behavior in the Ross Sea, in contrast to its hybrid-type behavior in other ocean regions, with implications for the possibility of increased marine Co inventories and utility as a paleooceanographic proxy.
46

Zhang, Xiu Min, Rodolfo F. Medrano, Min Wang, Karen A. Beauchemin, Zhi Yuan Ma, Rong Wang, Jiang Nan Wen, Bernard A. Lukuyu, Zhi Liang Tan, and Jian Hua He. "Corn oil supplementation enhances hydrogen use for biohydrogenation, inhibits methanogenesis, and alters fermentation pathways and the microbial community in the rumen of goats." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 12 (November 19, 2019): 4999–5008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz352.

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Abstract Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are not only an important source of greenhouse gases but also a loss of dietary energy in livestock. Corn oil (CO) is rich in unsaturated fatty acid with &gt;50% PUFA, which may enhance ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, leading to changes in ruminal H2 metabolism and methanogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CO supplementation of a diet on CH4 emissions, nutrient digestibility, ruminal dissolved gases, fermentation, and microbiota in goats. Six female goats were used in a crossover design with two dietary treatments, which included control and CO supplementation (30 g/kg DM basis). CO supplementation did not alter total-tract organic matter digestibility or populations of predominant ruminal fibrolytic microorganisms (protozoa, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes), but reduced enteric CH4 emissions (g/kg DMI, −15.1%, P = 0.003). CO supplementation decreased ruminal dissolved hydrogen (dH2, P &lt; 0.001) and dissolved CH4 (P &lt; 0.001) concentrations, proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (P &lt; 0.001) and propionate (P = 0.015), and increased proportions of total SFAs (P &lt; 0.001) and acetate (P &lt; 0.001), and acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.038) in rumen fluid. CO supplementation decreased relative abundance of family Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group (P = 0.032), increased relative abundance of family Rikenellaceae (P = 0.021) and Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.025), and tended to increase relative abundance of genus Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.06). Relative abundance (P = 0.09) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.043) of order Methanomicrobiales, and relative abundance of genus Methanomicrobium (P = 0.09) also decreased with CO supplementation, but relative abundance (P = 0.012) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.08) of genus Methanobrevibacter increased. In summary, CO supplementation increased rumen biohydrogenatation by facilitating growth of biohydrogenating bacteria of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Butyrivibrio_2 and may have enhanced reductive acetogenesis by facilitating growth of family Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CO led to a shift of fermentation pathways that enhanced acetate production and decreased rumen dH2 concentration and CH4 emissions.
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Uba, S., O. C. Nwokem, D. C. Ikeh, O. O. Adeosun, K. Abel, A. Mikail, L. N. Nwagu, and M. M. Rumah. "Bioavailability of metals in the Funtua textile wastewater, north western Nigeria." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (December 9, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v15i1.2.

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Textile wastewater pose a significant threat to surface water especially the water bodies closer to the textile industry locations. The study investigated the bioavailability of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) in wastewater from ten sampling points including wastewater from point of effluent discharge in Funtua textile across Funtua region. The trends in the metal bioavailability (mg/L) among the fractions were; Zn Cu: total> mobile > dissolved > particulate; Pb: total> particulate > mobile> dissolved; Ni: total> particulate > dissolved> mobile; Cr: total > particulate > mobile > dissolved, respectively. All the concentrations of the metal ions were above the WHO (2006) and USEPA (2000) tolerable limits across the sites, with the exception of Co which was not detected in all the fractions. While lead and chromium was detected in S1, S2 and S1, S10, respectively. The order of the metals bioavailability was; total>mobile>dissolved>particulate, with more than 50% found in the bioavailable phase. Hence, the surface waters within the vicinity of the textile industry were greatly at risk of being polluted by these toxic metals and subsequently affecting the inhabitants who use the water for agricultural and other domestic activities untreated, through the food chain transfer. The health implications associated with the toxic metals include an irreversible damage to nervous system, gastric and intestinal disorder, heart disease, liver, brain damage, mental retardation and teratogenic effects.
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Li, Nan, Larissa Thia, and Xin Wang. "A CO2-responsive surface with an amidine-terminated self-assembled monolayer for stimuli-induced selective adsorption." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 30 (2014): 4003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc00412d.

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A novel amidine-based bifunctional molecule is synthesized for fabrication of a CO2-responsive surface. Controlling reversible transition of surface charges and wettability in response to stimuli of dissolved CO2 in water, the selective adsorption of hydrophobic/hydrophilic molecules can be easily achieved.
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Puiman, Lars, Eduardo Almeida Benalcázar, Cristian Picioreanu, Henk J. Noorman, and Cees Haringa. "Downscaling Industrial-Scale Syngas Fermentation to Simulate Frequent and Irregular Dissolved Gas Concentration Shocks." Bioengineering 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2023): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10050518.

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In large-scale syngas fermentation, strong gradients in dissolved gas (CO, H2) concentrations are very likely to occur due to locally varying mass transfer and convection rates. Using Euler-Lagrangian CFD simulations, we analyzed these gradients in an industrial-scale external-loop gas-lift reactor (EL-GLR) for a wide range of biomass concentrations, considering CO inhibition for both CO and H2 uptake. Lifeline analyses showed that micro-organisms are likely to experience frequent (5 to 30 s) oscillations in dissolved gas concentrations with one order of magnitude. From the lifeline analyses, we developed a conceptual scale-down simulator (stirred-tank reactor with varying stirrer speed) to replicate industrial-scale environmental fluctuations at bench scale. The configuration of the scale-down simulator can be adjusted to match a broad range of environmental fluctuations. Our results suggest a preference for industrial operation at high biomass concentrations, as this would strongly reduce inhibitory effects, provide operational flexibility and enhance the product yield. The peaks in dissolved gas concentration were hypothesized to increase the syngas-to-ethanol yield due to the fast uptake mechanisms in C. autoethanogenum. The proposed scale-down simulator can be used to validate such results and to obtain data for parametrizing lumped kinetic metabolic models that describe such short-term responses.
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Asghar, Aisha, Naseem Iqbal, Tayyaba Noor, Benson M. Kariuki, Luke Kidwell, and Timothy L. Easun. "Efficient electrochemical synthesis of a manganese-based metal–organic framework for H2 and CO2 uptake." Green Chemistry 23, no. 3 (2021): 1220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc03292a.

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