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1
RAYNAUT, William, Chantal SOULE-DUPUY, and Nathalie VALLES-PARLANGEAU. "Dissimilarités entre jeux de données." Ingénierie des systèmes d'information 22, no. 3 (March 28, 2017): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/isi.22.3.35-63.
2
Bertrand, Patrice. "Classifications en classes recouvrantes ou non, et leurs dissimilarités." Mathématiques et sciences humaines, no. 190 (March 10, 2010): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/msh.11737.
3
Mahamadou, Zoubeyda. "Asymétries entre partenaires et confiance : le cas des alliances stratégiques entre PME et multinationales." Revue internationale P.M.E. 30, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039786ar.
Анотація:
Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser les effets des asymétries interorganisationnelles sur la confiance dans le cadre d’alliances stratégiques entre PME et firmes multinationales (FMN). La plupart des auteurs avancent que l’existence de dissimilarités entre les partenaires d’une alliance ne favorise pas le développement de la confiance entre eux. Dans le cadre de cette contribution, les effets des asymétries sur la confiance ont été analysés à partir d’une étude qualitative de dix cas d’alliances entre PME françaises dans l’industrie aéronautique et géants du secteur. Il en ressort que malgré les asymétries, la confiance peut se développer entre les partenaires si des dispositions sont prises par ces derniers pour favoriser la coopération.
4
Soumaila, Mounkaila, Rabiou Habou, Morou Boube, Djima Idrissou Tahirou (IM), Mahamane Ali, and Saadou Mahamane. "Comparative Floristic Analysis of the Classified Forest of Gorou Bassounga (Gaya) and the Total Wildlife Reserve of Tamou and their Conservation Values." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2023): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2023.v11i10.003.
Анотація:
The objective of this study is to make a comparative floral analysis of two sites (Classified forest of Gorou Bassounga and Tamou) and the conservation value for biodiversity of each site. The floristic survey of the vegetation has been done base on a random laminated plot of 1000 m². Sixthy four (64) species were inventoried at both sites level. 47 species, 37 kinds and 18 families were identified in Gorou Bassounga. Fabaceae constitutes the most important family with 16 species followed by Combretaceae 6 species and Rubiaceae 5. On the other hand, at Tamou 44 counted species are distributed in 31 kinds (genres) and 17 families. Fabaceae constitutes the most represented family with 11especies followed by Combretaceae 8 species, Rubiaceae and Anarcardiaceae with 4 species each. The statistical analysis of the data shows similarity and dissimilarités existing between sites spite of their floral poverty. Conclusion and application: The floral richness of Gorou Bassounga (Gaya) is higher than that of Tamou. The study also allowed to determine the status (dominance, rarity or endangered) of each species. The value of conservation for the sites was estimated. This study can be a tool for management planning for both site.
5
Pugh, Brittany E., and Richard Field. "Effect of Canal Bank Engineering Disturbance on Plant Communities: Analysis of Taxonomic and Functional Beta Diversity." Land 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2023): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12051090.
Анотація:
We aimed to determine how patterns of functional and taxonomic dissimilarities and their components differ between disturbed and undisturbed plant communities. Taxonomic (species) and functional (trait) diversity are key aspects of biodiversity, and their respective dissimilarities are important in diversity scaling and for informing conservation. We utilized a pseudo-experimental setting, the Basingstoke Canal, UK, where sections of canal bank have been repaired over a four-year period and are interspersed with sections left undisturbed. We collected plant community data, computed functional beta diversity and taxonomic beta diversity and partitioned them into species loss and replacement components. We compared disturbed and undisturbed plots with respect to these dissimilarity measures, the time since disturbance, invasive species, plant life-forms and environmental dissimilarity. We found high levels of taxonomic (85–90%) and functional (70–76%) dissimilarities between disturbed and undisturbed sites, primarily driven by turnover. The total dissimilarity was lower for functional dissimilarity than taxonomic dissimilarity. Disturbed sites had greater between-site taxonomic and functional dissimilarities and lower plant abundances than undisturbed sites, driven by both turnover and nestedness components. The disturbed site functional diversity diverged strongly from null expectations. We found no significant effects of time since disturbance, environmental variables or invasive species, possibly indicating the dominance of stochastic, local-scale processes. However, disturbed sites had lower levels of phanerophyte richness and higher levels of therophyte richness. Our results indicate that small-scale disturbances may increase taxonomic and functional between-community dissimilarities in anthropogenic habitats without increasing invasive species, lending support to local-scale conservation that enhances habitat heterogeneity to promote taxonomic diversity and its corresponding biotic functions.
6
Wang, Liwei, Masashi Sugiyama, Cheng Yang, Kohei Hatano, and Jufu Feng. "Theory and Algorithm for Learning with Dissimilarity Functions." Neural Computation 21, no. 5 (May 2009): 1459–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2008.08-06-805.
Анотація:
We study the problem of classification when only a dissimilarity function between objects is accessible. That is, data samples are represented not by feature vectors but in terms of their pairwise dissimilarities. We establish sufficient conditions for dissimilarity functions to allow building accurate classifiers. The theory immediately suggests a learning paradigm: construct an ensemble of simple classifiers, each depending on a pair of examples; then find a convex combination of them to achieve a large margin. We next develop a practical algorithm referred to as dissimilarity-based boosting (DBoost) for learning with dissimilarity functions under theoretical guidance. Experiments on a variety of databases demonstrate that the DBoost algorithm is promising for several dissimilarity measures widely used in practice.
7
Torres-Manzanera, Emilio, Pavol Král, Vladimír Janiš, and Susana Montes. "Uncertainty-Aware Dissimilarity Measures for Interval-Valued Fuzzy Sets." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 28, no. 05 (September 30, 2020): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488520500324.
Анотація:
Dissimilarities are a very usual way to compare two fuzzy sets and also two interval-valued fuzzy sets. In both cases, the dissimilarity between two sets is a number. In this work, we introduce a generalization of the notion of dissimilarity for interval-valued fuzzy sets such that it assumes values on the set of subintervals instead of the set of numbers. This seems to be more realistic taking into account the available information. We also investigate its relationship with the classical notions of dissimilarity between fuzzy sets and we obtain that the new class is richer than the existing one.
8
Rietveld, P., and H. Ouwersloot. "Intraregional Income Distribution and Poverty: Some Investigations for the Netherlands, 1960–81." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, no. 7 (July 1989): 881–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a210881.
Анотація:
This paper is addressed to intraregional income inequalities in the Netherlands. Various concepts are used to measure the degree of regional poverty. In addition, dissimilarity between intraregional income distributions is studied. At the provincial level, relatively small and decreasing dissimilarities are observed. However, at lower spatial levels (especially within metropolitan areas) much larger dissimilarities in mean income and income distribution occur. In the Netherlands, urban poverty has become a more intense and widespread phenomenon than rural poverty.
9
Crossetti, Luciane Oliveira, Fabiana Schneck, Lacina Maria Freitas-Teixeira, and David da Motta-Marques. "The influence of environmental variables on spatial and temporal phytoplankton dissimilarity in a large shallow subtropical lake (Lake Mangueira, southern Brazil)." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 26, no. 2 (June 2014): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2014000200002.
Анотація:
AIM: The uneven distribution of organisms in aquatic ecosystems is generally attributed to environmental heterogeneity in both space and time, reflecting the occurrence of appropriate environmental conditions and the availability of resources to biological communities. The aim of this study was to understand how the dissimilarity of the phytoplankton community in a large subtropical shallow lake is related to environmental dissimilarities. METHODS: Biotic and environmental data were gathered at 19 sites along the 90-km length of Lake Mangueira. Sampling was carried out quarterly during 2010 and 2011, totaling 152 sampling units. The relationship between phytoplankton dissimilarity and the dissimilarity of environmental variables was assessed by the BioEnv analysis. MAJOR RESULTS: There is a significant relationship between phytoplankton dissimilarity and environmental dissimilarity. The model that best explained the dissimilarity of phytoplankton among the sampling units included pH, turbidity and nitrate. CONCLUSIONS: The dissimilarity of phytoplankton was related to the dissimilarity, which were directly associated to the variability of conditions and resources in space and time in Lake Mangueira.
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Plantinga, Anna M., Jun Chen, Robert R. Jenq, and Michael C. Wu. "pldist: ecological dissimilarities for paired and longitudinal microbiome association analysis." Bioinformatics 35, no. 19 (February 19, 2019): 3567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz120.
Анотація:
Abstract Motivation The human microbiome is notoriously variable across individuals, with a wide range of ‘healthy’ microbiomes. Paired and longitudinal studies of the microbiome have become increasingly popular as a way to reduce unmeasured confounding and to increase statistical power by reducing large inter-subject variability. Statistical methods for analyzing such datasets are scarce. Results We introduce a paired UniFrac dissimilarity that summarizes within-individual (or within-pair) shifts in microbiome composition and then compares these compositional shifts across individuals (or pairs). This dissimilarity depends on a novel transformation of relative abundances, which we then extend to more than two time points and incorporate into several phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic dissimilarities. The data transformation and resulting dissimilarities may be used in a wide variety of downstream analyses, including ordination analysis and distance-based hypothesis testing. Simulations demonstrate that tests based on these dissimilarities retain appropriate type 1 error and high power. We apply the method in two real datasets. Availability and implementation The R package pldist is available on GitHub at https://github.com/aplantin/pldist. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
11
De Santis, Enrico, Alessio Martino, and Antonello Rizzi. "On component-wise dissimilarity measures and metric properties in pattern recognition." PeerJ Computer Science 8 (October 10, 2022): e1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1106.
Анотація:
In many real-world applications concerning pattern recognition techniques, it is of utmost importance the automatic learning of the most appropriate dissimilarity measure to be used in object comparison. Real-world objects are often complex entities and need a specific representation grounded on a composition of different heterogeneous features, leading to a non-metric starting space where Machine Learning algorithms operate. However, in the so-called unconventional spaces a family of dissimilarity measures can be still exploited, that is, the set of component-wise dissimilarity measures, in which each component is treated with a specific sub-dissimilarity that depends on the nature of the data at hand. These dissimilarities are likely to be non-Euclidean, hence the underlying dissimilarity matrix is not isometrically embeddable in a standard Euclidean space because it may not be structurally rich enough. On the other hand, in many metric learning problems, a component-wise dissimilarity measure can be defined as a weighted linear convex combination and weights can be suitably learned. This article, after introducing some hints on the relation between distances and the metric learning paradigm, provides a discussion along with some experiments on how weights, intended as mathematical operators, interact with the Euclidean behavior of dissimilarity matrices.
12
Wang, Lei, Hui Peng, and Jinhua Zheng. "ADLD: A Novel Graphical Representation of Protein Sequences and Its Application." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/959753.
Анотація:
To facilitate the intuitional analysis of protein sequences, a novel graphical representation of protein sequences called ADLD (Alignment Diagonal Line Diagram) is introduced in this paper first, and then a new ADLD based method is proposed and utilized to analyze the similarity/dissimilarity of protein sequences. Comparing with existing methods, our ADLD based method is proved to be effective in the similarity/dissimilarity analysis of protein sequences and have the merits of good intuition, visuality, and simplicity. The examinations of the similarities/dissimilarities for both the 16 different ND5 proteins and the 29 different spike proteins illustrate the utility of our ADLD based approach.
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Furl, Nicholas, Forida Begum, Francesca Pizzorni Ferrarese, Sarah Jans, Caroline Woolley, and Justin Sulik. "Caricatured facial movements enhance perception of emotional facial expressions." Perception 51, no. 5 (March 28, 2022): 313–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066221086452.
Анотація:
Although faces “in the wild” constantly undergo complicated movements, humans adeptly perceive facial identity and expression. Previous studies, focusing mainly on identity, used photographic caricature to show that distinctive form increases perceived dissimilarity. We tested whether distinctive facial movements showed similar effects, and we focussed on both perception of expression and identity . We caricatured the movements of an animated computer head, using physical motion metrics extracted from videos. We verified that these “ground truth” metrics showed the expected effects: Caricature increased physical dissimilarity between faces differing in expression and those differing in identity. Like the ground truth dissimilarity, participants’ dissimilarity perception was increased by caricature when faces differed in expression. We found these perceived dissimilarities to reflect the “representational geometry” of the ground truth. However, neither of these findings held for faces differing in identity. These findings replicated across two paradigms: pairwise ratings and multiarrangement. In a final study, motion caricature did not improve recognition memory for identity, whether manipulated at study or test. We report several forms of converging evidence for spatiotemporal caricature effects on dissimilarity perception of different expressions. However, more work needs to be done to discover what identity-specific movements can enhance face identification.
14
Hopkins, Melanie J., and Katherine St John. "A new family of dissimilarity metrics for discrete character matrices that include inapplicable characters and its importance for disparity studies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1892 (November 28, 2018): 20181784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1784.
Анотація:
The use of discrete character data for disparity analyses has become more popular, partially due to the recognition that character data describe variation at large taxonomic scales, as well as the increasing availability of both character matrices co-opted from phylogenetic analysis and software tools. As taxonomic scope increases, the need to describe variation leads to some characters that may describe traits not found across all the taxa. In such situations, it is common practice to treat inapplicable characters as missing data when calculating dissimilarity matrices for disparity studies. For commonly used dissimilarity metrics like Wills's GED and Gower's coefficient, this can lead to the reranking of pairwise dissimilarities, resulting in taxa that share more primary character states being assigned larger dissimilarity values than taxa that share fewer. We introduce a family of metrics that proportionally weight primary characters according to the secondary characters that describe them, effectively eliminating this problem, and compare their performance to common dissimilarity metrics and previously proposed weighting schemes. When applied to empirical datasets, we confirm that choice of dissimilarity metric frequently affects the rank order of pairwise distances, differentially influencing downstream macroevolutionary inferences.
15
Carvalho, Rodrigo Assis, and Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro. "The influence of environmental variables on the functional structure of headwater stream fish assemblages: a study of two tropical basins in Central Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 13, no. 2 (June 2015): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130148.
Анотація:
We investigated functional patterns of fish assemblages of two adjacent basins (Araguaia and Tocantins) to test whether their headwater stream fish assemblages are more functionally (dis)similar than expected by chance and whether these (dis)similarities are related to differences of environmental conditions between basins. We used an analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) on a functional dissimilarity matrix to test for (dis)similarities between fish assemblages of both basins. We performed RLQ and fourth-corner analyses to determine fish species trait-environment relationship. Our results revealed functional dissimilarities between fish assemblages of both basins and significant species trait-environment relationships, suggesting that environmental conditions are driving such dissimilarities. Inter-basin dissimilarities are mainly driven by altitudinal and water temperature gradients, whereas dissimilarities among streams within the basins are influenced by channel depth, turbidity and conductivity. These five environmental variables mostly affected six fish species traits (body mass, water column position, substrate preference, parental care, foraging locality and migration) in different manners. This study is an attempt to understand functional trends of fish assemblages in a tropical region that remains poorly known but severely threatened.
16
Fort, M., and J. A. Sellarès. "Solving multiple kth smallest dissimilarity queries for non-metric dissimilarities with the GPU." Information Sciences 361-362 (September 2016): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2016.03.054.
17
Camêlo Aguiar, Dalila, Ramón Gutiérrez Sánchez, and Edwirde Luiz Silva Camêlo. "Hierarchical Clustering with Spatial Constraints and Standardized Incidence Ratio in Tuberculosis Data." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091478.
Анотація:
In this paper, we propose presenting a solution based on socio-epidemiological variables of tuberculosis, considering a clustering with spatial/geographical constraints; and, determine a value of alpha that increases spatial contiguity without significantly deteriorating the quality of the solution based on the variables of interest, i.e. those of the feature space. For the application of Ward’s hierarchical clustering method, two dissimilarity matrices were calculated, the first provides the dissimilarities in the feature space calculated from the socio-epidemiological variables D0 and the second provides the dissimilarities in the calculated constraints space from the geographical distances D1, together with an α mixing parameter and the non-uniform weight w assigned to the calculation of the dissimilarity matrix defined by the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of TB and that contributed significantly to the increase in clarity, both from a spatial and socio-epidemiological point of view. The method is shown to be feasible in epidemiological studies in the joint understanding of factors of different dimensions, aggregated from a spatial perspective. It is analysis tool that allows making a better understanding of the socio-epidemiological reality of the municipality.
18
van Veller, Marco. "Identification of interdisciplinary research based upon co-cited journals." Collection and Curation 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cc-10-2018-0021.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to the identification of journal articles that probably report on interdisciplinary research at Wageningen University & Research (WUR). Design/methodology/approach For identification of interdisciplinary research, an analysis is performed on journals from which articles have been cited in articles (co-)authored by WUR staff. The journals with cited articles are inventoried from the reference lists of the WUR articles. For each WUR article, a mean dissimilarity is calculated between the journal in which it has been published and the journals inventoried from the reference lists. Dissimilarities are derived from a large matrix with similarity values between journals, calculated from co-occurrence of these journals in the WUR articles’ reference lists. Findings For 21,191 WUR articles published between 2006 and 2015 in 2,535 journals mean dissimilarities have been calculated. The analysis shows that WUR articles with high mean dissimilarities often are published in multidisciplinary journals. Also, WUR articles with high mean dissimilarities are found in non-multidisciplinary (research field-specific) journals. For these articles (with high mean dissimilarities), this paper shows that citations are often made to more various research fields than for articles with lower mean dissimilarities. Originality/value Identification of articles reporting on interdisciplinary research may be important to WUR policy for strategic purposes or for the evaluation of researchers or groups. Also, this analysis enables to identify journals with high mean dissimilarities (due to WUR articles citing more various research fields). Identification of these journals with a more interdisciplinary scope can be important for collection management by the library.
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Beentjes, Kevin K., Arjen G. C. L. Speksnijder, Menno Schilthuizen, Marten Hoogeveen, and Berry B. van der Hoorn. "The effects of spatial and temporal replicate sampling on eDNA metabarcoding." PeerJ 7 (July 26, 2019): e7335. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7335.
Анотація:
Background The heterogeneous nature of environmental DNA (eDNA) and its effects on species detection and community composition estimates has been highlighted in several studies in the past decades. Mostly in the context of spatial distribution over large areas, in fewer occasions looking at spatial distribution within a single body of water. Temporal variation of eDNA, similarly, has mostly been studied as seasonality, observing changes over large periods of time, and often only for small groups of organisms such as fish and amphibians. Methods We analyzed and compared small-scale spatial and temporal variation by sampling eDNA from two small, isolated dune lakes for 20 consecutive weeks. Metabarcoding was performed on the samples using generic COI primers. Molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTUs) were used to assess dissimilarities between spatial and temporal replicates. Results Our results show large differences between samples taken within one lake at one point in time, but also expose the large differences between temporal replicates, even those taken only 1 week apart. Furthermore, between-site dissimilarities showed a linear correlation with time frame, indicating that between-site differences will be inflated when samples are taken over a period of time. We also assessed the effects of PCR replicates and processing strategies on general patterns of dissimilarity between samples. While more inclusive PCR replicate strategies lead to higher richness estimations, dissimilarity patterns between samples did not significantly change. Conclusions We conclude that the dissimilarity of temporal replicates at a 1 week interval is comparable to that of spatial replicate samples. It increases, however, for larger time intervals, which suggests that population turnover effects can be stronger than community heterogeneity. Spatial replicates alone may not be enough for optimal recovery of taxonomic diversity, and cross-comparisons of different locations are susceptible to inflated dissimilarities when performed over larger time intervals. Many of the observed MOTUs could be classified as either phyto- or zooplankton, two groups that have gained traction in recent years as potential novel bio-indicator species. Our results, however, indicate that these groups might be susceptible to large community shifts in relatively short periods of time, highlighting the need to take temporal variations into consideration when assessing their usability as water quality indicators.
20
LEE, WAN-JUI, VERONIKA CHEPLYGINA, DAVID M. J. TAX, MARCO LOOG, and ROBERT P. W. DUIN. "BRIDGING STRUCTURE AND FEATURE REPRESENTATIONS IN GRAPH MATCHING." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 05 (August 2012): 1260005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001412600051.
Анотація:
Structures and features are opposite approaches in building representations for object recognition. Bridging the two is an essential problem in pattern recognition as the two opposite types of information are fundamentally different. As dissimilarities can be computed for both the dissimilarity representation can be used to combine the two. Attributed graphs contain structural as well as feature-based information. Neglecting the attributes yields a pure structural description. Isolating the features and neglecting the structure represents objects by a bag of features. In this paper we will show that weighted combinations of dissimilarities may perform better than these two extremes, indicating that these two types of information are essentially different and strengthen each other. In addition we present two more advanced integrations than weighted combining and show that these may improve the classification performances even further.
21
GISBRECHT, ANDREJ, BASSAM MOKBEL, FRANK-MICHAEL SCHLEIF, XIBIN ZHU, and BARBARA HAMMER. "LINEAR TIME RELATIONAL PROTOTYPE BASED LEARNING." International Journal of Neural Systems 22, no. 05 (September 26, 2012): 1250021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065712500219.
Анотація:
Prototype based learning offers an intuitive interface to inspect large quantities of electronic data in supervised or unsupervised settings. Recently, many techniques have been extended to data described by general dissimilarities rather than Euclidean vectors, so-called relational data settings. Unlike the Euclidean counterparts, the techniques have quadratic time complexity due to the underlying quadratic dissimilarity matrix. Thus, they are infeasible already for medium sized data sets. The contribution of this article is twofold: On the one hand we propose a novel supervised prototype based classification technique for dissimilarity data based on popular learning vector quantization (LVQ), on the other hand we transfer a linear time approximation technique, the Nyström approximation, to this algorithm and an unsupervised counterpart, the relational generative topographic mapping (GTM). This way, linear time and space methods result. We evaluate the techniques on three examples from the biomedical domain.
22
TOKUNAGA, RUMI, ALEXANDER D. LOGVINENKO, and LAURENCE T. MALONEY. "Dissimilarity of yellow-blue surfaces under neutral light sources differing in intensity: Separate contributions of light intensity and chroma." Visual Neuroscience 25, no. 3 (May 2008): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080395.
Анотація:
Observers viewed two side-by-side arrays each of which contained three yellow Munsell papers, three blue, and one neutral Munsell. Each array was illuminated uniformly and independently of the other. The neutral light source intensities were 1380, 125, or 20 lux. All six possible combinations of light intensities were set as illumination conditions. On each trial, observers were asked to rate the dissimilarity between each chip in one array and each chip in the other by using a 30-point scale. Each pair of surfaces in each illumination condition was judged five times. We analyzed this data using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling to determine how light intensity and surface chroma contributed to dissimilarity and how they interacted. Dissimilarities were captured by a three-dimensional configuration in which one dimension corresponded to differences in light intensity.
23
Monteiro, Rodrigo Paula, Carmelo Jose Albanez Bastos-Filho, Mariela Cerrada, Diego Cabrera, and Rene Vinicio Sanchez. "Using the Kullback-Leibler Divergence and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test to Select Input Sizes to the Fault Diagnosis Problem Based on a CNN Model." Learning and Nonlinear Models 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/lnlm-vol18-no2-art2.
Анотація:
Choosing a suitable size for signal representations, e.g., frequency spectra, in a given machine learning problem is not a trivial task. It may strongly affect the performance of the trained models. Many solutions have been proposed to solve this problem. Most of them rely on designing an optimized input or selecting the most suitable input according to an exhaustive search. In this work, we used the Kullback-Leibler Divergence and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test to measure the dissimilarity among signal representations belonging to equal and different classes, i.e., we measured the intraclass and interclass dissimilarities. Moreover, we analyzed how this information relates to the classifier performance. The results suggested that both the interclass and intraclass dissimilarities were related to the model accuracy since they indicate how easy a model can learn discriminative information from the input data. The highest ratios between the average interclass and intraclass dissimilarities were related to the most accurate classifiers. We can use this information to select a suitable input size to train the classification model. The approach was tested on two data sets related to the fault diagnosis of reciprocating compressors.
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Adisa, Omolola M., Muthoni Masinde, and Joel O. Botai. "Assessment of the Dissimilarities of EDI and SPI Measures for Drought Determination in South Africa." Water 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010082.
Анотація:
This study examines the (dis)similarity of two commonly used indices Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) computed over accumulation periods 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month (hereafter SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-6, and SPI-12, respectively) and Effective Drought Index (EDI). The analysis is based on two drought monitoring indicators (derived from SPI and EDI), namely, the Drought Duration (DD) and Drought Severity (DS) across the 93 South African Weather Service’s delineated rainfall districts over South Africa from 1980 to 2019. In the study, the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity and periodogram dissimilarity estimates were used. The results indicate a positive correlation for the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity and a positive value for periodogram of dissimilarity in both the DD and DS. With the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity, the study demonstrates that the values of the SPI-1/EDI pair and the SPI-3/EDI pair exhibit the highest similar values for DD, while the SPI-6/EDI pair shows the highest similar values for DS. Moreover, dissimilarities are more obvious in SPI-12/EDI pair for DD and DS. When a periodogram of dissimilarity is used, the values of the SPI-1/EDI pair and SPI-6/EDI pair exhibit the highest similar values for DD, while SPI-1/EDI displayed the highest similar values for DS. Overall, the two measures show that the highest similarity is obtained in the SPI-1/EDI pair for DS. The results obtainable in this study contribute towards an in-depth knowledge of deviation between the EDI and SPI values for South Africa, depicting that these two drought indices values are replaceable in some rainfall districts of South Africa for drought monitoring and prediction, and this is a step towards the selection of the appropriate drought indices.
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Andonov, Velin, Sławomir Zadrożny, and Lilija Atanassova. "A new operation over intuitionistic fuzzy pairs." Notes on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets 28, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nifs.2022.28.4.436-441.
Анотація:
The basic study of fuzzy sets theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1965. Many authors investigated possibilities how two fuzzy sets can be compared and the most common kind of measures used in the mathematical literature are dissimilarity measures. The previous approach to the dissimilarities is too restrictive, because the third axiom in the definition of dissimilarity measure assumes the inclusion relation between fuzzy sets. While there exist many pairs of fuzzy sets, which are incomparable to each other with respect to the inclusion relation. Therefore we need some new concept for measuring a difference between fuzzy sets so that it could be applied for arbitrary fuzzy sets. We focus on the special class of so called local divergences. In the next part we discuss the divergences defined on more general objects, namely intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In this case we define the local property modified to this object. We discuss also the relation of usual divergences between fuzzy sets to the divergences between intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
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Kobza, Vladimír. "Divergence measures on intuitionistic fuzzy sets." Notes on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets 28, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nifs.2022.28.4.413-427.
Анотація:
The basic study of fuzzy sets theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1965. Many authors investigated possibilities how two fuzzy sets can be compared and the most common kind of measures used in the mathematical literature are dissimilarity measures. The previous approach to the dissimilarities is too restrictive, because the third axiom in the definition of dissimilarity measure assumes the inclusion relation between fuzzy sets. While there exist many pairs of fuzzy sets, which are incomparable to each other with respect to the inclusion relation. Therefore we need some new concept for measuring a difference between fuzzy sets so that it could be applied for arbitrary fuzzy sets. We focus on the special class of so called local divergences. In the next part we discuss the divergences defined on more general objects, namely intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In this case we define the local property modified to this object. We discuss also the relation of usual divergences between fuzzy sets to the divergences between intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
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Duval, M. F., G. S. C. Buso, F. R. Ferreira, J. L. Noyer, G. Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, P. Hamon, and M. E. Ferreira. "Relationships in Ananas and other related genera using chloroplast DNA restriction site variation." Genome 46, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 990–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-074.
Анотація:
La phylogénie du genre Ananas et de ses apparentés a été étudiée sur la base de la diversité de l'ADN chloroplastique. Le polymorphisme de restriction de huit fragments d'ADN chloroplastique a été analysé sur un large échantillon de 91 accessions représentant les sept espèces du genre Ananas. Vingt accessions appartenant à sept autres genres de la sous-famille des Bromelioideae, dont Pseudananas considéré très proche d'Ananas, une Tillandsoideae et deux Pitcairnioideae représentant les deux autres sous-familles des Bromeliaceae complètent l'échantillon. La restriction par 18 endonucléases des huit fragments amplifiés a produit 255 fragments variables et mis en évidence 35 haplotypes différents. L'indice de Sokal et Michener a été utilisé pour le calcul des dissimilarités analysées par la méthode du « neighbor joining ». La reconstruction phylogénétique a été tentée par l'application du principe de parsimonie. Les analyses phénétiques et cladistiques donnent des résultats concordants. La précédence du genre Bromelia dans la sous-famille des Bromelioideae est confirmée. Les genres Ananas et Pseudananas forment un groupe monophylétique dans lequel trois sous-groupes sont mis en évidence. Deux d'entre eux correspondent à des unités géographiques cohérentes : l'un, restreint aux bassins du Rio Negro et de l'Orénoque, comprend la majorité des accessions d' Ananas parguazensis ; l'autre, au sud du continent Sud-américain, joint le tétraploïde Pseudananas sagenarius et le diploïde Ananas fritzmuelleri. Le troisième et le plus important sous-groupe comprend des accessions des cinq autres espèces, quelques accessions d' Ananas parguazensis et quelques accessions de phénotype intermédiaire non classées. Il présente la distribution géographique la plus large dont des zones de recouvrement avec les deux sous-groupes précédents. L'espèce sauvage Ananas ananassoides montre la variation la plus élevée et partage des haplotypes avec les trois espèces cultivées. La comparaison des données obtenues dans cette étude et des résultats obtenus précédemment à l'aide de marqueurs à transmission bi-parentale met en évidence l'existence de flux de génes, fréquents dans ce sous-groupe et plus rares avec les deux premiers. Un scénario d'évolution basé sur l'hypothèse des refuges est proposé pour expliquer la structure et la distribution de la diversité. L'application possible de ces résultats dans la réforme de la taxinomie du genre proposée est discutée.Mots clés : Ananas, diversité génétique, Amérique du Sud, ADN chloroplastique, PCR-RFLP, évolution, taxinomie.
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Biehl, Michael, Barbara Hammer, and Thomas Villmann. "Prototype-based Models for the Supervised Learning of Classification Schemes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S325 (October 2016): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316012928.
Анотація:
AbstractAn introduction is given to the use of prototype-based models in supervised machine learning. The main concept of the framework is to represent previously observed data in terms of so-called prototypes, which reflect typical properties of the data. Together with a suitable, discriminative distance or dissimilarity measure, prototypes can be used for the classification of complex, possibly high-dimensional data. We illustrate the framework in terms of the popular Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). Most frequently, standard Euclidean distance is employed as a distance measure. We discuss how LVQ can be equipped with more general dissimilarites. Moreover, we introduce relevance learning as a tool for the data-driven optimization of parameterized distances.
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Alvarez, Alejandro J., Carlos E. Sanz-Rodríguez, and Juan Luis Cabrera. "Weighting dissimilarities to detect communities in networks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2056 (December 13, 2015): 20150108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0108.
Анотація:
Many complex systems can be described as networks exhibiting inner organization as communities of nodes. The identification of communities is a key factor to understand community-based functionality. We propose a family of measures based on the weighted sum of two dissimilarity quantifiers that facilitates efficient classification of communities by tuning the quantifiers’ relative weight to the network’s particularities. Additionally, two new dissimilarities are introduced and incorporated in our analysis. The effectiveness of our approach is tested by examining the Zachary’s Karate Club Network and the Caenorhabditis elegans reactions network. The analysis reveals the method’s classification power as confirmed by the efficient detection of intrapathway metabolic functions in C. elegans .
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Liljeroos, Maria, Per Milberg, Barbro Krevers, and Anna Milberg. "Dying within dyads: Stress, sense of security and support during palliative home care." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): e0257274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257274.
Анотація:
Objectives To examine similarities and dissimilarities in patient and family caregiver dyads in their experience of stress, support, and sense of security. Methods 144 patients and their family caregivers participated. Patients were admitted to six Swedish specialist palliative home care units and diagnosed with a non-curable disease with an expected short survival. We analysed similarity patterns of answers within dyads (correlations) as well as dissimilarities, expressed as the difference between within-dyad responses. The latter were subjected to a model-building procedure using GLM, with 13 sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as independent variables. Results Within dyads, patients and family caregivers scored similar in their perception of support and sense of security with care. There was also dissimilarity within dyad responses in their perception of stress and support that could be attributed to sociodemographic or clinical characteristics. When patients scored higher levels of stress than family caregivers, the family caregiver was more likely to be male. Also family caregiver attachment style (attachment anxiety), patient age and the relationship of the family caregiver to the patient explained dissimilarities within the dyads. Conclusions Patients and family caregivers within the dyads often, but not always, had similar scores. We suggest that it is important that the healthcare staff identify situations in which perceptions within the dyads regarding stress and perception of support differ, such that they can recognise patients’ and family caregivers’ unique needs in different situations, to be able to provide adequate support and facilitate dyadic coping.
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Zhang, Yan-ping, Ya-jun Sheng, Wei Zheng, Ping-an He, and Ji-shuo Ruan. "Novel Numerical Characterization of Protein Sequences Based on Individual Amino Acid and Its Application." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/909567.
Анотація:
The hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of amino acids play a very important role in protein folding and its interaction with the environment and other molecules, as well as its catalytic mechanism. Based on the two physicochemical indexes, a 2D graphical representation of protein sequences is introduced; meanwhile, a new numerical characteristic has been proposed to compute the distance of different sequences for analysis of sequence similarity/dissimilarity on the basis of this graphical representation. Furthermore, we apply the new distance in the similarities/dissimilarities of ND5 proteins of nine species and predict the four major classes based on the dataset containing 639 domains. The results show that the method is simple and effective.
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Martino, Alessio, Enrico De Santis, Alessandro Giuliani, and Antonello Rizzi. "Modelling and Recognition of Protein Contact Networks by Multiple Kernel Learning and Dissimilarity Representations." Entropy 22, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22070794.
Анотація:
Multiple kernel learning is a paradigm which employs a properly constructed chain of kernel functions able to simultaneously analyse different data or different representations of the same data. In this paper, we propose an hybrid classification system based on a linear combination of multiple kernels defined over multiple dissimilarity spaces. The core of the training procedure is the joint optimisation of kernel weights and representatives selection in the dissimilarity spaces. This equips the system with a two-fold knowledge discovery phase: by analysing the weights, it is possible to check which representations are more suitable for solving the classification problem, whereas the pivotal patterns selected as representatives can give further insights on the modelled system, possibly with the help of field-experts. The proposed classification system is tested on real proteomic data in order to predict proteins’ functional role starting from their folded structure: specifically, a set of eight representations are drawn from the graph-based protein folded description. The proposed multiple kernel-based system has also been benchmarked against a clustering-based classification system also able to exploit multiple dissimilarities simultaneously. Computational results show remarkable classification capabilities and the knowledge discovery analysis is in line with current biological knowledge, suggesting the reliability of the proposed system.
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Liu, Lei, Yong Zhang, Yue Hu, Yongming Wang, Jingyi Sun, and Xiaoxiao Dong. "A Hybrid-Clustering Model of Ship Trajectories for Maritime Traffic Patterns Analysis in Port Area." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030342.
Анотація:
A hybrid-clustering model is presented for the probabilistic characterization of ship traffic and anomaly detection. A hybrid clustering model was proposed to increase the efficiency of trajectory clustering in the port area and analyze the maritime traffic patterns in port. The model identified dissimilarities between trajectories based on characteristics, using K-Means and the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm (DBSCAN). Firstly, the ship’s trajectory characteristics are constructed based on real ship trajectories considering static characteristics and dynamic characteristics of ship trajectories to calculate the characteristic dissimilarity between trajectories. Simultaneously, the spatial dissimilarity could be quantified using the Hausdorff algorithm. Then, the ship trajectory is clustered initially based on the departure and destination characteristics using K-Means algorithms to obtain various sub-trajectories. However, there are still different types of trajectories in each sub-trajectory. Thus, the DBSCAN algorithm is adopted to cluster the sub-trajectory based on the analysis of the different trajectory characteristics. Finally, the proposed model is applied to the characterization of the Zhanjiang Port, and the results show that the hybrid-clustering method can effectively cluster ship trajectory and present probabilistic characterization of ship traffic and anomaly detection. This lays a solid theoretical foundation for the supervision and risk control of intelligent ships.
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Oommen, Deepa. "The Moderating Influence of the Strength of Social Identification with Religion on the Relationship between Similarity and Dissimilarity in Religious Affiliations between Superiors and Subordinates and the Quality of LMX (Leader-Member Exchange) Relationships in the Indian Context." Journal of Communication and Religion 40, no. 4 (2017): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcr201740426.
Анотація:
This study tested the moderating influence of the strength of social identification with religion on the relationship between similarity and dissimilarity in religious affiliations and the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) relationships. One thousand five hundred and seventeen employed people, residing in India, responded to a survey from a subordinate perspective. The results of the survey provided support for the moderating influence of the strength of social identification with religion and further showed that at low levels of identification, the quality of the relationship was better in different-religion dyads than in samereligion ones. Hence the main implication is that studies have to consider moderators in examining the influence of demographic similarities/dissimilarities on LMX relationships as they can tease out the conditions under which the relationships hold.
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Ullah, Irfan, Abdus Sattar Niazi ., Muhammad Farooq ., Waheed Afzal ., and Muhammad Asif Khan . "Being Dissimilar: Religious Dissimilarity, Gender Dissimilarity, Value Dissimilarity and Job Satisfaction." Information Management and Business Review 4, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v4i2.964.
Анотація:
The aim of this research is to study the impact of religious dissimilarity, and gender dissimilarity on job satisfaction. Religious dissimilarity and sexual dissimilarity definitely exaggerated supposed value dissimilarity, which in line, detained a pessimistic relationship with job satisfaction. These properties are capable, though, by a considerable religious difference, religious personal identity relations such that, for people whose religious values are a vital element of who they are, becoming religiously dissimilar in the place of work robustly impact their supposed value dissimilarity.
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Dodson, C. T. J., John Soldera, and Jacob Scharcanski. "Some Information Geometric Aspects of Cyber Security by Face Recognition." Entropy 23, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070878.
Анотація:
Secure user access to devices and datasets is widely enabled by fingerprint or face recognition. Organization of the necessarily large secure digital object datasets, with objects having content that may consist of images, text, video or audio, involves efficient classification and feature retrieval processing. This usually will require multidimensional methods applicable to data that is represented through a family of probability distributions. Then information geometry is an appropriate context in which to provide for such analytic work, whether with maximum likelihood fitted distributions or empirical frequency distributions. The important provision is of a natural geometric measure structure on families of probability distributions by representing them as Riemannian manifolds. Then the distributions are points lying in this geometrical manifold, different features can be identified and dissimilarities computed, so that neighbourhoods of objects nearby a given example object can be constructed. This can reveal clustering and projections onto smaller eigen-subspaces which can make comparisons easier to interpret. Geodesic distances can be used as a natural dissimilarity metric applied over data described by probability distributions. Exploring this property, we propose a new face recognition method which scores dissimilarities between face images by multiplying geodesic distance approximations between 3-variate RGB Gaussians representative of colour face images, and also obtaining joint probabilities. The experimental results show that this new method is more successful in recognition rates than published comparative state-of-the-art methods.
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Nasery, Mohammad Manzoor, Metin Hüsem, Fatih Yesevi Okur, and Ahmet Can Altunişik. "Damage effect on experimental modal parameters of haunch strengthened concrete-encased composite column–beam connections." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 2 (May 6, 2019): 297–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789519843330.
Анотація:
This paper presents an experimental study about the effects of damage on modal parameters of haunch strengthened composite column–steel beam connections. Five specimens having various composite column and steel beam connection details were constructed in order to be examined in laboratory condition. Non-destructive experimental measurements were conducted to extract the modal parameters using frequency and time domain methods before and after damage conditions. Quasi-static cyclic tests were performed to assess the damaged conditions in connection zones of the test specimens. At the end of the study, it is observed distinctly that there is a decreasing trend in natural frequencies with damages. Also, no compliance is observed between mode shapes pre- and post-cycling loading tests. The biggest dissimilarities concerning natural frequencies were determined among 26.57% and 36.54%. The value for modal assurance criterion was 1.0 for undamaged condition. However, in post-damaged situation, the mode shapes have changed and modal assurance criterion values nearly approached zero. Finally, experimentally obtained damping ratios have been analyzed. The outcome of the study has shown some dissimilarity and that the values are not being correlated constructively. Despite the fact that the results are consistent with the available literature, it is assumed that these dissimilarities point to the fact that higher levels of excitation might be need to precisely record the damping ratios.
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Nishida, Satoshi, Antoine Blanc, Naoya Maeda, Masataka Kado, and Shinji Nishimoto. "Behavioral correlates of cortical semantic representations modeled by word vectors." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 6 (June 23, 2021): e1009138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009138.
Анотація:
The quantitative modeling of semantic representations in the brain plays a key role in understanding the neural basis of semantic processing. Previous studies have demonstrated that word vectors, which were originally developed for use in the field of natural language processing, provide a powerful tool for such quantitative modeling. However, whether semantic representations in the brain revealed by the word vector-based models actually capture our perception of semantic information remains unclear, as there has been no study explicitly examining the behavioral correlates of the modeled brain semantic representations. To address this issue, we compared the semantic structure of nouns and adjectives in the brain estimated from word vector-based brain models with that evaluated from human behavior. The brain models were constructed using voxelwise modeling to predict the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to natural movies from semantic contents in each movie scene through a word vector space. The semantic dissimilarity of brain word representations was then evaluated using the brain models. Meanwhile, data on human behavior reflecting the perception of semantic dissimilarity between words were collected in psychological experiments. We found a significant correlation between brain model- and behavior-derived semantic dissimilarities of words. This finding suggests that semantic representations in the brain modeled via word vectors appropriately capture our perception of word meanings.
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Fisher, Yael, Noga Magen-Nagar, and Muhammad Abu-Nasra. "Sectorial Perceptions of Parental Involvement: Similarities and Dissimilarities." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 1, no. 7 (November 30, 2014): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.17.668.
40
Miłek, Dorota, and Paulina Nowak. "Regional specialisation as an endogenous factor in the development of Poland’s provinces." Equilibrium 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2015.016.
Анотація:
The economic development of Poland and its regions results from a complex interaction of many factors, which include regional innovation policy. The task of regional innovation policy is to identify and develop smart specialisations, which may offer an opportunity of building up sustained competitive advantage of Poland’s provinces. The identification of regional specialisations for the needs of regional policy carried out by Poland’s provinces is a complex process. It must be placed within the context of all other processes of territorial development. To formulate specialisations, it is necessary to perform a thorough analysis of regional economic structures, taking into account both resources of a given region and possibilities of generating revenue. One of the methods used to identify potential regional specialisations is the Krugman dissimilarity index. In the paper, it is employed to analyse dissimilarities between economic structures of Poland’s regions.
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Polanía, Brayan S., Ana M. Aldana, Marius Bottin, Diana M. Cruz, Francisco Castro-Lima, Pablo R. Stevenson, and Adriana Sanchez. "Effect of Seasonal Rains and Floods on Seedling Recruitment and Compositional Similarity in Two Lowland Tropical Forests." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121297.
Анотація:
Research Highlights: Seasonally flooded and terra firme forests are characteristic ecosystems of the Colombian Orinoco Basin and of great importance in the maintenance of regional biodiversity and ecosystem function. These forests have a unimodal precipitation regime that can cause a temporal effect on the seedling regeneration niche. This could partly explain the high diversity and coexistence of plant species in these forests, as well as the similarity in composition of seedlings and trees. Background and Objectives: Seedlings are a key factor in the assembly of plant communities. We evaluated the effect of flooding and rains on the dissimilarity and compositional affinity between trees and seedlings of seasonally flooded and terra firme forests. Materials and Methods: the tree community of these forests in San Martín (Meta, Colombia) was characterized and compared with their respective seedling communities before (June) and after (December) rain and flooding (during the rainy season). We evaluated plant species diversity and abundance (Shannon diversity and Pielou eveness index), as well as the compositional dissimilarities of each tree community with their corresponding seedling community sampled at the beginning and end of rains and flooding (Bray–Curtis dissimilarity). We also compared sampling site composition using a NMDS analysis. Results: We found that the terra firme forest had higher diversity compared to the flooded forest. Seedling density in the seasonally flooded forest decreased significantly after the flood but not in the terra firme forest at the end of the rainy season. The compositional dissimilarity between trees and seedlings in the seasonally inundated forest also decreased after the flood. However, this pattern was not evident in the terra firme forest. Conclusions: These results indicate that seasonal flooding generates a strong ecological filter that affects the realized niche of plants in these forests. Our results can contribute valuable information for the effective development of assisted restoration and conservation programs.
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Zyga, Jacek. "Dissimilarity as a Component of the Property Price Model." Real Estate Management and Valuation 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2019-0030.
Анотація:
Abstract In the course of discussion on an econometric model of property value and its place in property appraisal, the argument of the main goal of the process (property market value prediction itself) was raised in this article. The need for the consideration of an ontologically perceived, particular element of the real estate market with its distinctive characteristics indicates the specific nature of the interpretation of the data which may be used in the appraisal process. Therefore, a new shape of the property value model, based on LSM, was presented. It takes into account a specific description of the appraised property. Thus, the factor of dissimilarity between sold properties used in creating the value model and the appraised property was used in its coefficient matrix. The new model clearly shows the advantages and disadvantages of the dissimilarities between sold properties used in creating the coefficient matrix of the value model.
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Ufuah, Emmanuel, Christopher Ehizemhen Igibah, and Lucia Omolayo Agashua, et. al. "Climate Spectrophotometric Assessment and Health Risks Scrutiny of Nitrate and Cadmium Ions Accumulation in Water Physiques in Southern, Rainforest Belt of Edo State, Nigeria." International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, no. 92 (May 2, 2023): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.92.46.61.
Анотація:
Anthropogenic and industrial activities triggering an alteration on the natural cadmium and nitrogen cycle are deliberated on as one among the most vital environmental concerns. Water quality index (WQI) and skewness, nitrate was 8.37 ± 1.014 in dry season and 3087.87 ± 1.150 for wet season, but cadmium was 0 ± 1.559 in wet season and zero all through the sunny period. Equating results with World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, it discovered that nitrate was low throughout both seasons whereas cadmium was 90% above permissible during rainy season, but 100% within limit throughout arid season. The water- physiques in all sites at Ikpoba River in both seasons revealed low disparities (< 20%) with positive linear relationship (R 0.922 ≥ 0.211) for nitrate and (R 0 ≤ 089) for cadmium in dry and wet seasons respectively. What’s more, site 1 in the wet season, and all sites in dry season, exhibited no significant dissimilarities (p >0.05) between them, but others indicated significant dissimilarity (p <0.05) for cadmium and nitrate concentrations. In respect to seasonality, all water-physiques scrutinized revealed significant dissimilarities (p <0.05) for both seasons (nitrate and phosphate) concentration. The cadmium-nitrate ratio was very high particularly in the humid season because of the high input of nitrate. The nutrient contagion index displayed slightly to significantly contagion, whereas the water physiques will pose very high non-carcinogenic health risks and threats to users through the oral pathway.
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Ren, Shengbing, Wanying Zhang, Hafiz Shahbaz Munir, and Lei Xia. "Dissimilarity Space Based Multi-Source Cross-Project Defect Prediction." Algorithms 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12010013.
Анотація:
Software defect prediction is an important means to guarantee software quality. Because there are no sufficient historical data within a project to train the classifier, cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) has been recognized as a fundamental approach. However, traditional defect prediction methods use feature attributes to represent samples, which cannot avoid negative transferring, may result in poor performance model in CPDP. This paper proposes a multi-source cross-project defect prediction method based on dissimilarity space (DM-CPDP). This method not only retains the original information, but also obtains the relationship with other objects. So it can enhances the discriminant ability of the sample attributes to the class label. This method firstly uses the density-based clustering method to construct the prototype set with the cluster center of samples in the target set. Then, the arc-cosine kernel is used to calculate the sample dissimilarities between the prototype set and the source domain or the target set to form the dissimilarity space. In this space, the training set is obtained with the earth mover’s distance (EMD) method. For the unlabeled samples converted from the target set, the k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to label those samples. Finally, the model is learned from training data based on TrAdaBoost method and used to predict new potential defects. The experimental results show that this approach has better performance than other traditional CPDP methods.
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Hammer, Barbara, and Alexander Hasenfuss. "Topographic Mapping of Large Dissimilarity Data Sets." Neural Computation 22, no. 9 (September 2010): 2229–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00012.
Анотація:
Topographic maps such as the self-organizing map (SOM) or neural gas (NG) constitute powerful data mining techniques that allow simultaneously clustering data and inferring their topological structure, such that additional features, for example, browsing, become available. Both methods have been introduced for vectorial data sets; they require a classical feature encoding of information. Often data are available in the form of pairwise distances only, such as arise from a kernel matrix, a graph, or some general dissimilarity measure. In such cases, NG and SOM cannot be applied directly. In this article, we introduce relational topographic maps as an extension of relational clustering algorithms, which offer prototype-based representations of dissimilarity data, to incorporate neighborhood structure. These methods are equivalent to the standard (vectorial) techniques if a Euclidean embedding exists, while preventing the need to explicitly compute such an embedding. Extending these techniques for the general case of non-Euclidean dissimilarities makes possible an interpretation of relational clustering as clustering in pseudo-Euclidean space. We compare the methods to well-known clustering methods for proximity data based on deterministic annealing and discuss how far convergence can be guaranteed in the general case. Relational clustering is quadratic in the number of data points, which makes the algorithms infeasible for huge data sets. We propose an approximate patch version of relational clustering that runs in linear time. The effectiveness of the methods is demonstrated in a number of examples.
46
Mostowska, Magdalena. "The Welfare State and the Gender Dissimilarity Index in Homelessness: A Comparison of Norway, Belgium and Poland." Critical Housing Analysis 8, no. 1 (June 2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2021.8.1.519.
Анотація:
This article investigates the structural underpinnings of gender dissimilarities in homelessness from a comparative perspective. The Gender Dissimilarity Index is introduced as a simple measure for quantifying the unevenness of the distribution of men and women across the ETHOS-light categories. Three gendered aspects of the welfare state are considered and compared for Norway, Belgium, and Poland: employment and childcare, housing, and homelessness policies. Based on available data, it appears that the most uneven distribution of genders may indicate a combination of the promotion of the male breadwinner model and relatively broad support for people who are homeless, but also the shortage of affordable housing. A more gender-balanced homeless population may be the result of a combination of housing-led approaches and degenderising policies. However, a similar distribution may be attributed to states with implicitly genderising policies coupled with ‘traditional’ attitudes towards gender roles and a lack of adequate responses to women’s needs.
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ZHOU, BIN, XIANYI ZENG, LUDOVIC KOEHL, and YONGSHENG DING. "AN INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY BASED METHOD FOR INTERPRETING SENSORY EVALUATION DATA PROVIDED BY MULTIPLE PANELS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 16, no. 05 (October 2008): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021848850800556x.
Анотація:
This paper presents an intelligent technology based method for analyzing and interpreting sensory data provided by multiple panels in evaluation of industrial products. In order to process the uncertainty existing in these sensory data, we first transform all sensory data on an unified optimal scale. Based on these normalized data sets, we compute the dissimilarities or distances between different panels and between different evaluation terms used by them, defined according to the degree of consistency of data variation. The obtained distances are then transformed into fuzzy numbers for physical interpretation. These fuzzy distances permit to characterize the evaluation behaviour of each panel and the quality of the evaluation terms used. Also, based on a Genetic Algorithm with punishment policy and the dissimilarity between terms, we develop a procedure for interpreting terms of one panel using those of another panel. This method has been applied to the fabric hand evaluation for a number of samples of knitted cotton in order to identify consumers' preference of different populations.
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Martens, Jean-Bernard, and Lydia Meesters. "Image dissimilarity." Signal Processing 70, no. 3 (November 1998): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1684(98)00123-6.
49
Holliday, John D., and Peter Willett. "Definitions of "Dissimilarity" for Dissimilarity-Based Compound Selection." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 1, no. 3 (April 1996): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705719600100308.
Анотація:
Dissimilarity-based compound selection involves identifying a database subset in which the constituent compounds are as dissimilar to each other as possible, thus ensuring coverage of the full range of structural diversity in the original database. This paper provides a quantitative comparison of four different definitions of dissimilarity. Experiments with three different measures of diversity demonstrate that the effectiveness of the selected subset is affected by the definition of dissimilarity that is used, but that it is not possible to identify one such definition as being consistently superior to any other.
50
Dirlmeier, Ulf, and Bernd Fuhrmann. "Räumliche Aspekte sozialer Ungleichheit in der spätmittelalterlichen Stadt." Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 92, no. 4 (2005): 424–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/vswg-2005-0017.