Статті в журналах: "DISSIMILAR THICKNESS"

1

Hussein, N. I. S., M. N. Ayof, and S. Nordin. "Tensile Strength of Orbital Welded Mild Steel Tubes with Dissimilar Thickness." International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 4, no. 1 (2015): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmmm.2016.v4.225.

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2

Han, Ke, Yunhu Cao, Hongliang Li, Chengyu Hu, Zeyu Wang, Duo Liu, Jianfeng Wang, and Qiang Zhu. "Influence of Butter Layer Thickness on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Underwater Wet 16Mn/304L Dissimilar Welded Joint." Materials 16, no. 20 (October 11, 2023): 6646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16206646.

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Butter layers of different thicknesses were successfully deposited on ferritic steel by using the tungsten arc welding (TIG) process. The effects of butter layer thickness on the microstructural characteristics, elemental distribution, and mechanical properties of underwater wet 16Mn/304L dissimilar welded joints were investigated. The results showed that the butter layer significantly changed the microstructure and elemental distribution of 16Mn/304L joints. As the thickness of butter increased, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) at the ferritic steel side changed from the original 16Mn steel to the ERNiCrMo-3 butter layer. The martensite content in HAZ also exhibited a downward trend. When the thickness of the butter layer exceeded 6 mm, the microstructure of HAZ at the ferritic steel side was composed of ferrite and pearlite, instead of quenched martensite. The microhardness of underwater dissimilar steel welded joints significantly reduced due to the absence of martensite. The addition of the butter layer increased the ultimate tensile strength from 515 MPa to 565 MPa. The results of this work could provide a robust basis for future applications of dissimilar steel structures.

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3

Haikal, Haikal, and Triyono Triyono. "STUDI LITERATUR PENGARUH PARAMETER PENGELASAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PADA LAS TITIK (RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING)." ROTASI 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.15.2.44-54.

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Resistance spot welding (RSW) is the most widely used for joining thin sheet metals in automotive industry. Various applications of dissimilar materials and thicknesses were commonly found in many spot welding processes especially in the manufacture of car body. The resistance spot welding of dissimilar materials are generally more challenge than similar materials due to differences in the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the base metals. Differences of materials have an impact on heat input generated at the spot welding. Diameter of the weld nugget size is influenced by several parameters such as electric current, welding time, different types of material, and the thickness of the plate. Nugget diameter will influence on physical and mechanical properties weld such as microstructure, shear strength and hardness. For practical use, various industrial standards have recommended a minimum weld size for a given sheet thickness, mostly in the form of tables. For example the American Welding Society (AWS), Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). They were only suitable to be apllied on the similar metal and thickness joint because in this joint, symetrical nugget will be formed. Meanwhile a type of dissimilar metal that joined by spot welding method will result in the asymetrical nugget. This paper aims to review the results of researchs on the similar and dissimilar resistance spot welded joint to evaluate the use of similar metals weld parameters and standards on the dissimilar metals weld. It was determined that parameters welding such as electric current, welding time, and the standard for similar metals weld can not be applied on the dissimilar metals weld. The asymetrical nugget shape decreased shear strength on the weld nugget. The most important factor that was considered on the dissimilar metals weld to make high quality weld joint was nugget diameter. If the nugget diameter weld increased the strength of welding will increase.

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4

Afendi, Mohd, Ku Hafizan, M. S. Abdul Majid, R. Daud, N. A. M. Amin, C. E. Meng, and Tokuo Teramoto. "Fracture Characteristics of Shear Adhesive Dissimilar Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 606 (August 2014): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.606.165.

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In this study, the effect of bond thickness upon shear strength and fracture toughness of epoxy adhesively bonded joint with dissimilar adherents was addressed. The bond thickness, t between the adherents was controlled to be ranged between 0.1 mm and 1.2 mm. Finite element analyses were also executed by commercial ANSYS 11 code to investigate the stress distributions within the adhesive layer of adhesive joint. As a result, shear strength of adhesive joint reduces with increasing bond thickness. The strength of shear adhesive joint was also depended on elastic modulus of adherent. Moreover, the failure of dissimilar adherents bonded shear joint originated at a location with critical stress-y which was the interface corner of ALYH75/epoxy. In the case of shear adhesive joint with an interface crack, the fracture also occurred at the ALYH75/epoxy interface even in the steel-adhesive-aluminum (SEA) specimens. Fracture toughness, Jc of aluminum-adhesive-steel (AES) joints was similar to those of SES and demonstrates strong dependency upon bond thickness. Furthermore, the interface crack in SEA specimen has relatively large fracture resistance if compared to those in AES specimen. Finally, Kc fracture criterion was found to be appropriate for shear adhesive joints associated with adhesive fracture.

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5

Gunasekaran, P., K. T. Thilagham, and D. Noorullah. "Studies on Friction Stir Welding of AA2014, AA6082 and AA7075 Simillar and Dissimillar Joints." Advanced Engineering Forum 37 (September 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.37.15.

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The joining of similar and dissimilar AA2014, AA6068 and AA7075 aluminium plates of 6mm thickness was carried out by friction stir welding (FSW) technique. FSW of Aluminium to Aluminium has caught significant consideration from assembling industries, such as Shipbuilding, Automotive, Railway and Aircraft generation. Here, the chosen process parameters are tilt angle (2º), tool rotation speed (900rpm) and transverse feed of (80mm/min) at constant axial force 2kN. An attempt was made to join the similar and dissimilar aluminium plate of 6 mm thickness with a conical tapered tool profile. Then, the effect of welding speed on microstructures, hardness distribution and tensile properties of the welded similar and dissimilar joints AA2014, AA6068 and AA7075 were investigated.

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6

Furuya, Hiroki S., Sakiko Yabu, Yutaka S. Sato, and Hiroyuki Kokawa. "Microstructural Control of the Interface Layer for Strength Enhancement of Dissimilar Al/Cu Joints via Ni Addition during TIG Arc Brazing." Metals 11, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030491.

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Dissimilar metal joining between Al and Cu is effective for reducing the weight and cost of electrical components. In this study, dissimilar lap joining of pure Al to pure Cu with an Al-Ni filler material was conducted using tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc brazing, and the effect of Ni on the joint strength associated with the microstructure of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the dissimilar interface was examined. The addition of Ni effectively increased the interfacial strength of the joints. Regardless of the addition of Ni, the joints fractured in the thick Al2Cu layer formed at the Al/Cu interface. However, the Ni addition reduced the thickness of the IMC layer and led to the formation of Al7Cu4Ni particles in the weakest Al2Cu layer. Both the thickness reduction and reinforcing Al7Cu4Ni particle formation are thought to contribute to the increase in joint strength of the Al/Cu dissimilar interface.

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7

Izzawati, Basirom, Mohd Afendi, M. Afif, S. Nurhashima, R. Daud, N. A. M. Amin, and M. S. Abdul Majid. "3D Finite Element Stress Analysis of Butt Adhesively Bonded Dissimilar Joint: Effect of Bond Thickness on Strength." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.355.

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The butt joint is the most studied type of adhesive joints in the literature. However, the joint strength prediction of joints is still a controversial issue as it involves a lot of factors that are difficult to quantify such as the yielding of the adherend, the plasticity of the adhesive and the bondline thickness. The present work is concerned with the three dimensional (3D) finite element stress analysis of butt adhesively bonded dissimilar joint. The objective of the present study was to analyse the effect of bond thickness on mechanical strength of butt adhesively bonded dissimilar joint. Aluminum alloy and steel were selected and five thicknesses were studied for each adherend: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mm respectively. In order to quantify the influence of bondline thickness, adherend and durability of the butt joint, the 3D finite element models of ANSYS used to obtain the stress distributions. Mechanical properties of adhesive were determined by tensile test and ANSYS analysis. A statistical analysis of simulation results shows that the butt joint strength becomes stronger while the bondline gets thinner and adhesive gets tougher.

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8

Anandkumar, V., E. Venkatesan, Baldev Raj, C. Karthikeyan, and R. S. Babu. "Laser Welding of Dissimilar Metals with Large Thickness Ratio." Indian Welding Journal 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v29i2.182647.

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9

Pouranvari, Majid, and Pirooz Marashi. "Resistance Spot Welding of Unequal Thickness Low Carbon Steel Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.1205.

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Resistance spot welding is the dominant process for joining sheet metals in automotive industry. Even-thickness combinations are rarely used in practice; therefore, there is clearly a practical need for failure behaviour investigation of uneven-thickness resistance spot welds. The aim of this paper is to investigate and analyze the failure mode and failure mechanism of dissimilar thickness low carbon steel resistance spot welds during tensile-shear overload test. Microstructural investigations, microhardness tests and tensile-shear tests were conducted. Mechanical properties of the joint were described in terms of peak load, energy absorption and failure mode. It was concluded that weld nugget size and the strength of the thinner base metal are the controlling factors of the peak load and energy absorption of dissimilar thickness spot welds.

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10

Abd Elnabi, Mohamed Mohamed, Tarek Abd Elsadek Osman, Alaa Eldeen El Mokadem, and Abou Bakr Elshalakany . "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Pure Aluminum to Low Carbon Steel." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 4, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.4.1.47-58.

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The purpose of this research is to use friction stir welding (FSW) to join dissimilar metals, annealed low carbon steel and A1050 pure aluminum. A butt joint with a similar sheet thickness of 1.9 mm was applied. The novelties of the research are relatively using high generated heat produced by a combination of low traverse speed and high rotational speed to perform the dissimilar joints and using a tool material (K107cold work tool steel) which has not been used in FSW with tool cooling. The present work studied the effect of FSW variables such as tilt angle, tool cooling, base metal location on mechanical properties. Tensile tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the dissimilar joints. The microstructure specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sound dissimilar joints were successfully produced. The maximum joint efficiency obtained in this study is 51.7% of the aluminum tensile strength. The microstructure images showed that many steel fragments were sheared off from the steel surface by the tool action and scattered in the weld nugget, a continuous intermetallic compound (IMC) layer formed at the interface, the thickness of the IMC layer at the interface decreased in the thickness direction of the weld. FeAl3 IMC phase was only observed at the interface.

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11

Afendi, Mohd, Tokuo Teramoto, and Akihiro Matsuda. "Strength and Fracture Characteristics of SUS304/AL-Alloy Scarf Adhesive Joint with Various Adhesive Thicknesses." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.768.

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In this study, strength and fracture toughness of epoxy adhesively bonded scarf joints of dissimilar adherends, namely SUS304 stainless steel and YH75 aluminium alloy are examined on several scarf angles and various bond thicknesses under uniaxial tensile loading. Scarf angles, θ = 45°, 60° and 75° are employed. The bond thickness, t between dissimilar metals is controlled to be ranged between 0.1 mm to 1.2 mm. Finite element (FE) analysis is also executed to investigate the stress distributions in the scarf joints by ANSYS 11 code. From analytical solutions, stress singularity exists most pronouncedly at the steel/adhesive interface corner of joints having 45° to 75° scarf angle. This is not only in agreement with the FE analyses results but also confirmed by fracture surfaces observation wherein the fracture has always been initiated at this point. The strength of scarf joints increases as the bond thickness decreases. Interface corner toughness, Hc approach can be applied when predicting the failure stress of scarf joints. Besides, for scarf joints with an interfacial crack, the fracture toughness, Jc values are independent of bond thickness and less sensitive to adherends. Moreover, Jc increases as mode mixity increases.

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12

Peng, He, Xian Quan Jiang, and Dao Lun Chen. "Ultrasonic Spot Welding of an Aluminum Alloy for Automotive Applications." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.735.

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To reduce fuel consumption and the resulting environment-damaging, climate-changing, costly, human death-causing emissions, lightweight aluminum alloys have been increasingly used in the transportation industry due to their low density, high specific strength, superior ductility, machinability, recyclability, and environmental friendliness. The structural applications of such aluminum alloys in the automotive industry unavoidably entail welding and joining process. While it is challenging to weld aluminum sheets via the conventional resistance spot welding developed mainly for joining steel sheets, an emerging solid-state joining technology known as ultrasonic spot welding (USW) is promising for joining aluminum alloys. This study was aimed to examine the feasibility of welding a 6022 Al alloy similarly (AA6022-to-AA6022) and dissimilarly (AA6022-to-ZEK100) in relation to welding energy. It was observed that there was a significant change in the interface grain size in the similar welding, exhibiting a characteristic fine-grained “necklace”-like structure along the welding line, while an intermetallic diffusion layer was present in the dissimilar welding of aluminum-to-magnesium alloys, and its thickness increased as the welding energy increased. The tensile lap shear strength first increased, reached its peak value at a certain energy, and then decreased with increasing welding energy. The strength of the dissimilar welded joints was about 55% of that of the similar welded joints. Three different modes of interfacial failure, nugget pull-out, and transverse through-thickness (TTT) crack growth were observed in the similar welded joints, while only interfacial failure was present in the dissimilar welded joints.

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13

Baskoro, Ario Sunar, Hakam Muzakki, and Winarto. "Effect of Welding Current and Welding Time for Micro Resistance Spot Welding on Dissimilar Thin Thickness Materials of Al 1100 and KS 5 Spring Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.120.

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In the dissimilar materials and dissimilar thin thickness sheets joining, welding current and welding time parameters of resistance spot welding (RSW) effect weld ability. RSW used for joining thin plate less than 1000 μm is called micro-resistance spot welding (μRSW). The objective of this article is to study the effect of welding current and welding time to the joining dissimilar thin thickness materials and the microstructure of a weld joint. The thickness of Al 1100 is 400 μm, and KS 5 Spring Steel is 200 μm. Welding parameters are Cycle Time 0.5, 1, 1.5, Welding Current 1kA and 2 kA, and holding time 10 second. Welding current 1kA, Cycle time of 0.5 produce maximum shear load of 227.4 N and fracture area of 6.644 mm2. Welding current 2 kA, cycle time of 1.5 affect maximum load of 222.7 N and fracture area of 10.559 mm2. Welding parameters lead to the majority fracture on aluminum material. The welding current and cycle time do not significantly affect maximum shear load and fracture area.

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14

Cojocaru, Radu, Cristian Ciucă, Lia Nicoleta Boţilă, Victor Verbiţchi, and Ion Aurel Perianu. "New Joining Techniques for the Production of the Electrical Components in the Automotive Industry." Advanced Materials Research 1146 (April 2018): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1146.98.

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In the paper are presented some preliminary results regarding the possibilities of using of the friction stir welding process (FSW) and FSW assisted with TIG (FSW – TIG) welding for joining of the electrical components in the automotive industry. Couples of dissimilar materials approached in experiments were Aluminium EN AW 1200 and Copper Cu99, with thicknesses in conformity with real cases in the production process. The results obtained for butt welding an overlap welding of different thicknesses of materials (aluminium thickness s1 = 2mm and copper thickness s2 = 5mm) are presented. There are some general conclusions regarding the possibilities of joining the two materials under the specified conditions.

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15

Gabdullin, Talgat, and Marat Makhmutov. "Providing interlayer adhesion of dissimilar layers of top road surfaces." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127402003.

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The article reviews the option of how to make the top pavement of asphalt-concrete mixture adhere reliably to the base, which is the underlying cement-concrete coating. The bitumen-latex emulsion is suggested as a binder for the two pavement layers. The research aimed to determine the optimal layer thickness of the bituminous-latex emulsion to be applied and achieve the maximum interlayer adhesion between the top asphalt-concrete pavement and the cement-concrete base. After full-scale experiments, the required layer thickness of the bitumen-latex emulsion was 2 mm. With this layer thickness of the binder, road pavement layers do not delaminate and shear when stressed by the intensive flows of vehicles moving on the roads. The results obtained are important for the road construction industry for suggesting the formulation of bitumen-latex emulsion and finding the most effective layer thickness to be applied. The suggested formulation of a bitumen-latex emulsion is frost-resistant. The article describes the experimental steps for determining the optimal application thickness at a fair length. The maintenance-free life of roads with an asphalt-concrete mixture on a cement-concrete base interlayered with a bitumen-latex emulsion as a binder is assumed to get much longer.

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16

Huang, Tifang, Zeyu Zhang, Jinglin Liu, Sihao Chen, Yuming Xie, Xiangchen Meng, Yongxian Huang, and Long Wan. "Interface Formation of Medium-Thick AA6061 Al/AZ31B Mg Dissimilar Submerged Friction Stir Welding Joints." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 5520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165520.

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The medium-thick Al/Mg dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) joint has serious groove and cavity defects due to uneven thermal distribution in the thickness direction. The submerged friction stir welding (SFSW) was employed to decrease the peak temperature of the joint and control the thermal gradient of the thickness direction, which were beneficial in suppressing the coarsening of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer and improving the weld formation. According to the SEM results, the thickness value of the IMC layer in the nugget zone and shoulder affect zone decreased from 0.78 μm and 1.31 μm in FSW process to 0.59 μm and 1.21 μm in SFSW process at the same parameter, respectively. Compared with the FSW process, SFSW improves the thermal accumulation during the process, which inhibits the formation of the IMCs and facilitates the material flow to form a mechanical interlocking structure. This firm interface formation elevates the effective contact area of the whole joint interface and provides a strong connection between the dissimilar metals. Thus, the ultimate strength of the 6 mm thick Al/Mg dissimilar SFSW joints was enhanced to 171 MPa, equivalent to 71.3% of AZ31B Mg alloys strength.

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17

Din, N. A. Mat, H. Zuhailawati, and A. S. Anasyida. "Resistance Spot Welding of AA5052 Sheet Metal of Dissimilar Thickness." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 114 (February 2016): 012126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/114/1/012126.

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18

Yilmaz, Imren Ozturk, Abdullah Yasin Bilici, and Hakan Aydin. "Resistance spot weldability of TBF steel sheets with dissimilar thickness." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 6 (2020): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020071.

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This paper presents an experimental study on weldability of TBF steel sheets with dissimilar thickness. Nominal thickness of TBF sheets were 0.95 and 1.55 mm. Optical microscope was used to observe the cracks formed in the weld zone. The indentation depths were determined by ultrasonic technique. Tensile shear tests were applied to the welded specimens in order to determine the mechanical properties. Higher weld current and time resulted in higher nugget size and indentation depth. This increase in nugget size and indentation depth with increasing of weld current and weld time was almost linearly. The liquid metal embrittlement crack sensitivity in the HAZ was very high on TBF spot welds. The liquid metal embrittlement cracks were much deeper and wider along the weld periphery regions compared to the nugget regions. These cracks were occurred easily with a higher heat input and the crack depth increased almost linearly with increasing of heat input. Weld strength of the specimens was governed by crack formation in the HAZ. Lower weld currents and weld times resulted in higher tensile shear properties. The highest tensile shear load (18.50 kN) and energy absorption (37.5 J) were achieved at 6 kA for 20 cycles. This weld exhibited interfacial failure mode.

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19

Natal Jorge, R. M., A. P. Roque, R. A. F. Valente, M. P. L. Parente, and A. A. Fernandes. "Study of hydroformed tailor-welded tubular parts with dissimilar thickness." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 184, no. 1-3 (April 2007): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.12.002.

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20

Li, Jian, Haiyin Cao, Lei Lv, Hong Yang, and Lianxin Zhang. "Influence of dissimilar radial clearances on the performance of hydrodynamic rotor-bearing systems considering misalignment effects." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 3 (May 26, 2017): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117710813.

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Influence of dissimilar radial clearances of the two end bearings on the performance of hydrodynamic rotor-bearing systems is investigated in the present paper. The rotor misalignment effects are considered. A parameter ξ is introduced to measure the dissimilar level and three typical applied points ( Case Left, Case Center, and Case Right) of external load are also investigated during the analysis. Finite difference method is adopted to solve the Reynolds-type equation and verification of the solution technique is conducted by comparison with previous work. The rotor equilibrium postures are solved at different dissimilar parameters ( ξ) for the three external loading situations. Results show that dissimilar radial clearances have significant effects on rotor postures, minimum film thickness, stiffness and damping coefficients. Under unbalanced load situations ( Case Right, Case Left), small values of ξ (<1.0) will alleviate and large one ξ (>1.0) will aggravate the misaligned effects. Meanwhile, the minimum film thickness increases with ξ (<1.0) and decreases with ξ (>1.0). For stiffness and damping coefficients, the variations with ξ have no obvious rules. During the design and analysis of hydrodynamic rotor-bearing systems, the dissimilarity should be considered intensively for reaching appropriate results.

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21

Ju, Yeong Jo, and Euy Sik Jeon. "Topology Optimization of Seat Cushion Frame With Dissimilar Materials for Lightweight Strength Optimization." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2019010101.

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A method for lightweight strength optimization when using dissimilar materials is proposed by applying topology optimization and a design-of-experiment (DOE) to a seat-cushion frame with typical steel. Static analysis of the seat-cushion frame was performed by applying the appropriate safety standards for each passenger. The authors performed topology optimization of the seat-cushion, which was subjected to static analysis and confirmed that the method can be applied to dissimilar materials according to their density ratio as well as the strength of the cushion frame, which was made with dissimilar materials. The strength of the cushion frame made of dissimilar materials is improved compared to the seat-cushion frame made of typical steel. It was also confirmed that the application ratio of the dissimilar materials and the optimization of the application ratio of a dissimilar ratio and the thickness of each material using the DOE can improve the strength of the cushion frame and reduce the weight.

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22

Chen, Thai Ping, Chi Hui Chien, Tsu Lin Tsay, Yen Ming Tzeng, and Hsu Hsuan Cheng. "To Measure Mechanical Properties along Thickness in FSW Welded Zone by Applied ESPI Technology." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.1.

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The purposes of this paper are to weld dissimilar aluminum alloys joints, AA1050 and AA6061, and to find Young’s modulus on the welded zone along the thickness. Dissimilar aluminum alloys plates are friction stir welded in the butt configuration by using an adapted milling machine. Young’s modulus of components is found out by applied a reverse method and the out-of-plane displacement is measured by Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry. The out-of-plane displacement of the welded cantilever beam is subjected to a concentrated load. The results reveal that Young’s modulus in the welded zone is the deeper the smaller.

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23

He, Hanbing, Farnoosh Forouzan, Joerg Volpp, Stephanie M. Robertson, and Esa Vuorinen. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded DP Steels Used in the Automotive Industry." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020456.

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The aim of this work was to investigate the microstructure and the mechanical properties of laser-welded joints combined of Dual Phase DP800 and DP1000 high strength thin steel sheets. Microstructural and hardness measurements as well as tensile and fatigue tests have been carried out. The welded joints (WJ) comprised of similar/dissimilar steels with similar/dissimilar thickness were consisted of different zones and exhibited similar microstructural characteristics. The trend of microhardness for all WJs was consistent, characterized by the highest value at hardening zone (HZ) and lowest at softening zone (SZ). The degree of softening was 20 and 8% for the DP1000 and DP800 WJ, respectively, and the size of SZ was wider in the WJ combinations of DP1000 than DP800. The tensile test fractures were located at the base material (BM) for all DP800 weldments, while the fractures occurred at the fusion zone (FZ) for the weldments with DP1000 and those with dissimilar sheet thicknesses. The DP800-DP1000 weldment presented similar yield strength (YS, 747 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS, 858 MPa) values but lower elongation (EI, 5.1%) in comparison with the DP800-DP800 weldment (YS 701 MPa, UTS 868 MPa, EI 7.9%), which showed similar strength properties as the BM of DP800. However, the EI of DP1000-DP1000 weldment was 1.9%, much lower in comparison with the BM of DP1000. The DP800-DP1000 weldment with dissimilar thicknesses showed the highest YS (955 MPa) and UTS (1075 MPa) values compared with the other weldments, but with the lowest EI (1.2%). The fatigue fractures occurred at the WJ for all types of weldments. The DP800-DP800 weldment had the highest fatigue limit (348 MPa) and DP800-DP1000 with dissimilar thicknesses had the lowest fatigue limit (<200 MPa). The fatigue crack initiated from the weld surface.

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24

Athirah, Nur, A. R. Abdullah, M. Afendi, M. S. Abdul Majid, Ruslizam Daud, and Haftirman Idrus. "Numerical Stress Analysis of Epoxy Adhesively Bonded Dissimilar Joint." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.930.

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Анотація:

A two-dimensional adhesively bonded dissimilar single lap joint model was analyzed under tension. An explicit closed-form solution was formulated by using MATLAB tool for analysis of shear and peel stresses distribution along the bondline under effect of variation of overlap length, adherend thickness ratio and adherend Youngs modulus ratio. The solution was formulated based on analysis of Bo Zhao et al. [2]. The bending moment at the edge joint of the Bo Zhaos solution was replaced by the bending moment at the edge joint that have been proposed by X. Zhao et al. [5] to compare the accuracy of solutions. The least stress intensities in dissimilar joint could be achieved with a suitable ratio of thickness and Youngs modulus of adherends.

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25

Zhou, Nan, Jing Jiang, Kui Tang, and Song Ze Tang. "Study on Fabrication and Bonding Interface of Explosive Welded Steel/Aluminum/Steel Composite Plate." Key Engineering Materials 753 (August 2017): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.753.188.

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In order to study the explosive welding experimental fabrication technology of multi-layer dissimilar metal plates and the quality of bonding interface, three-layer steel/aluminum/steel composite plates with different thickness distributions were fabricated using the method of explosive welding when their total thicknesses remained same (total 5 mm). Then the stereomicroscope was adopted to investigate the shape of bonding interface and the formed mechanism was also analyzed. In addition, the micro-hardness (Vickers hardness, Hv) distribution of the composite plate in the thickness direction was studied by a low load Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the method of explosive welding can be used to fabricate three-layer steel/aluminum/steel dissimilar metal plates successfully. Meanwhile, wave bonding interface was formed between steel fly plate and aluminum middle plate, straight bonding interface was formed between aluminum middle plate and steel base plate. The maximum Hv value of welded plate appears at the bonding interface with high bonding strength. The bonding strength of both two kinds of welded interface was considered sufficient, which offers experimental support for the explosive welding of multi-layer plates.

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26

Iordache, Daniela Monica, Marian Catalin Ducu, Eduard Laurentiu Nitu, Doina Iacomi, Adriana Gabriela Plaiasu, and Maria Minodora Pasare. "Microstructure and Properties of Copper and 5754 Aluminum Alloy Joints by Friction Stir Welding." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 3 (April 15, 2017): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.3.5478.

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Анотація:

Welding dissimilar materials aluminum and copper by FSW are of great interest because Al and Cu are two most common engineering materials widely used in many industries. The paper analyzes the microstructure and mechanical properties obtained by butt of dissimilar material Cu - Al alloys (EN-AW-5754) by FSW. The joining by FSW process of the two samples (5 mm thickness) was performed with the pin of the tool tangential to copper plate. The values of the process parameters were the same in both cases: the rotation speed of the pin 1200 [rpm] and feed rate 60 [mm / min]. The microstructure was examined in 6 zones covering the whole thickness of the plates, Vickers microhardness was measured along a perpendicular line to the nugget and residual stresses.

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27

Wang, Li, Yin Wang, Chao Qun Zhang, Lei Xu, Joseph Robson, and Philip Prangnell. "Controlling Interfacial Reaction during Dissimilar Metal Welding of Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.416.

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Анотація:

A critical issue when joining aluminium alloys to dissimilar metals such as magnesium, titanium, and steel is to control the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) that occur due to the reaction at the joint interface. It is demonstrated that once the IMC exceeds a critical thickness, failure of welds always occurs in a brittle manner, with cracks propagating through the IMC. One approach to minimize IMC thickness is to use a solid state joining process, such as friction stir or ultrasonic welding. However, even using these processes, an IMC that exceeds the critical thickness can either form during welding or post-weld heat treatment. In this paper, a number of approaches are discussed to control IMC formation in welds between aluminium alloys and magnesium alloy. Modelling predictions indicate that interfacial reaction rates and grain size of the IMC phases are two critical factors to control layer growth. Experimental results demonstrate that the grain size of IMC layers changes as the layers grow. These modelling predictions and experimental results offer new design strategies to optimize dissimilar metal welding involving aluminium.

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28

Chu, G. N., and G. Liu. "A hydro-bulging mechanism of tailor-welded tubes with dissimilar thickness." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 1 (August 19, 2009): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1520.

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Анотація:

To reveal the deformation characteristics and influence of dissimilar thickness on hydro-bulging of tailor-welded tubes (TWT), a finite-element analysis (FEA), experiments, and a mechanical analysis were conducted. Based on the stress and strain resulting from finite-element simulation, it was concluded that the deformation of the thicker tube lags behind that of the thinner tube throughout the bulging process. The plastic deformation occurs first at the middle zone of the thinner tube and then extends to the thicker tube crossing the weld seam. In general, the expansion occurring on the two parts with dissimilar thickness is non-uniform. However, the higher the length ratio, the higher the deformation compatibility. When the length ratio reaches 0.8, the deformation between two tubes is almost synchronic. It is concluded that the mechanism for improving the deformation compatibility is to induce a deformation in the thicker tube by enhancing the bulging pressure needed for a deformation in the thinner tube by changing the stress state in the thinner tube and applying the work-hardening effect.

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29

Gareev, I. S., M. S. Pisarev, and S. A. Sobko. "Laser welding of components of different thickness made of dissimilar metals." Welding International 30, no. 8 (April 21, 2016): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2016.1140415.

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30

Han, Sangwook, Youngyun Woo, Taewoo Hwang, Ilyeong Oh, and Young Hoon Moon. "Tailor layered tube hydroforming for fabricating tubular parts with dissimilar thickness." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 138 (March 2019): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2018.11.005.

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31

Nayak, Lord Jaykishan, and Gour Gopal Roy. "Joining of zircaloy-4 of dissimilar thickness using electron beam welding." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 110, no. 9-10 (September 1, 2020): 2323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06000-7.

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32

Somadder, Somnath, and Md Shahidul Islam. "Effect of Adhesive Layer Thickness and Slant Angle on Piezoelectric Bonded Joints." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v19i2.19792.

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Анотація:

Piezoelectric materials have found their parts in numerous manufacturing applications such as transducers and sensors. Piezoelectric material shows anisotropy; in addition, its elastic field and electric field are integrated. The analysis of piezoelectric materials has obtained great interest among researchers with the development of smart structures. It is significant to explain the distribution of stress and electric displacement fields along the bonded edge. It has never been obvious how stress singularity and electric displacement fields are distributed at the vertex of piezoelectric dissimilar material joints. Stress and electric displacement distribution near the vertex along the interface of piezoelectric boned joints are investigated in this present research. Numerical analysis of piezoelectric dissimilar material joints is carried out by using Abaqus FEA software. From the numerical analysis, it is observed that stress, displacement, electric potential, electric displacement field evolvement along the interface edge rises with the increment of adhesive layer thickness and slant angle. So, a thin adhesive layer thickness and small slant angle are more reliable for operation.

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33

Zhao, Yixi, Yansong Zhang, and Xinmin Lai. "Effect of Epoxy Adhesive on Nugget Formation in Resistance Welding of SAE1004/DP600/DP780 Steel Sheets." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 1828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101828.

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Анотація:

This study focused on the nugget formation in resistance welding of three dissimilar steel sheets influenced by different types and thicknesses of epoxy adhesive. An improved finite element model was employed to estimate the temperature distribution in three-sheet weld-bonding and was validated by the metallographic tests. Results showed that the weld initiation time and corresponding nugget size for weld-bonds would be earlier and larger than that of resistance spot welds in term of the same welding parameters. Compared to the adhesive Betamate Flex, the weld-bonding joint of three-sheets with adhesive Terokal 5089 would have a greater increment of the weld nugget sizes due to the increase of the static contact resistance brought by the interfaces between the steel sheets. However, the bond line thickness of the previously mentioned adhesive would take little effect on the weld sizes in weld-bonding of three dissimilar steel sheets.

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34

Ioka, Seiji, Keiji Masuda, and Shiro Kubo. "Free-Edge Stress Singularity of Bonded Dissimilar Materials with an Interlayer." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 3104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.3104.

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Анотація:

Free-edge stress singularity usually prevails at the edge of the interface of the bonded dissimilar materials. When two materials are bonded by using an adhesive, an interlayer develops between two materials. An interlayer may inserted between two materials to defuse the residual stress due to the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion. In this study, to investigate the effect of the interlayer on the free-edge stress singularity of the bonded dissimilar materials with an interlayer, the stress distributions on the interface were examined numerically and theoretically. Relation between the free-edge stress singularity of the bonded dissimilar materials with and without an interlayer was investigated by using the boundary element method. It was found that the effect of the interlayer on the stress distribution was limited within a small area of the order of the interlayer thickness. Stress distributions near the edge of the interface were controlled by the free-edge stress singularity of the bonded dissimilar materials without an interlayer.

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35

Chen, Zejun, and Quanzhong Chen. "Interface Shear Actions and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Dissimilar Al Alloy Laminated Metal Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/612029.

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Анотація:

The laminated metal composites (LMCs) of dissimilar metals (aluminium alloys: AA1100/AA7075) were fabricated using the accumulative roll bonding technique in conjunction with cold rolling. The LMCs of ultrafine grained AA1100 and nanostructured precipitates of AA7075 achieved metallurgical bonding. The microstructure of the bonding interfaces and constituent metals was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for the LMCs with different layers. The deformation incompatibility and shear actions were analyzed using the microanalysis of dissimilar bonding interfaces. The mechanism of grain refinement of LMCs was investigated and described based on the microstructure characterization. The mechanical properties, strengthening mechanism, and fracture mechanism of LMCs were also investigated. The research results showed that the strengthening mechanism of LMCs is the recombination action of grain refinement, dislocation, and laminated interfacial strengthening. The coordinated deformation of dissimilar metals and the layer thickness are important in improving the mechanical properties of LMCs consisting of dissimilar metals.

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36

Bi, Jing, JianLing Song, Qiang Wei, Yu Zhang, Yang Li, and Zhen Luo. "Characteristics of shunting in resistance spot welding for dissimilar unequal-thickness aluminum alloys under large thickness ratio." Materials & Design 101 (July 2016): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.023.

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37

Kolařík, Ladislav, Miroslav Sahul, Marie Kolaříková, Martin Sahul, and Milan Turňa. "Resistance Spot Welding of Low Carbon Steel to Austenitic CrNi Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1499.

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Анотація:

The contribution deals with resistance spot welding of low carbon steel to austenitic CrNi stainless steel. The thickness of welded dissimilar steels was 2 mm. DeltaSpot welding gun with process tape was utilized for welding of the above-mentioned combination of steels. Resistance spot welds were produced under different welding currents. The welding currents used were 7 kA, 7.5 kA and 8 kA, respectively. Optical microscopy, microhardness measurement across the weld joint and EDX analysis across the weld joint interface were used to evaluate the quality of resistance spot welds of dissimilar steels.

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38

Hafizan, Ku, Mohd Afendi, and A. Logashanmugam. "Fatigue Performance of Hybrid Adhesive Dissimilar Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.48.

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Анотація:

A research study on the fatigue performance of hybrid adhesive joints was carried out to investigate the fatigue performance of adhesive joint and hybrid adhesive joint using dissimilar material. A 3 mm thin plate of aluminium A7075 and stainless steel 304 are used as the adherend material for experimental test and the adhesive used was high performance Araldite epoxy adhesive. Maximum fatigue life was achieved for the hybrid adhesive joint with an optimum overlap length of 59 mm and the adhesive thickness of 0.2 mm. The fatigue damaged occurs on the adherend surface for adhesive joint and adherend crack for hybrid adhesive joint. Results showed an increment of fatigue life with shear stress reduction.

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39

Song, Qing, Yongxiang Dong, Miao Cui, and Bin Yu. "A similarity method for predicting the residual velocity and deceleration of projectiles during impact with dissimilar materials." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 2017): 168781401770559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017705598.

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Анотація:

A method for predicting the residual velocity and deceleration of a projectile during normal low-velocity impact on a 2024-O thin aluminium plate is developed based on the similarity theory. Geometric scaling, the dissimilar materials of the projectile and different target thicknesses are considered. By a similitude analysis, the simulation criteria between the modelling and prototype experiments are obtained. The dimensionless velocity and deceleration of a projectile can be predicted by the relationship equations with the dimensionless dynamic pressure, projectile density and target thickness. On the basis of experimental data, the dimensionless residual velocity relationship is obtained and verified. In the range of normalised target thicknesses of [Formula: see text] (where H is target thickness and [Formula: see text] is projectile diameter), the deceleration–time data during penetration is simplified as a triangular wave. Moreover, it can be characterised using the maximum deceleration, the time to the maximum deceleration and the period of the triangular wave. Through a simulation analysis, three dimensionless deceleration characteristics of the projectile are developed to replicate a prototype-like deceleration–time process in a scaled model.

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40

Jorge, R. M. Natal, R. A. F. Valente, A. P. Roque, M. P. L. Parente, and A. A. Fernandes. "Numerical Simulation of Hydroforming Process Involving a Tubular Blank with Dissimilar Thickness." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 22, no. 2 (February 2, 2007): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910601134195.

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41

Darwish, S. M. "Weldbonding strengthens and balances the stresses in spot-welded dissimilar thickness joints." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 134, no. 3 (March 2003): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)01119-6.

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42

Zhang, Hongqiang, Xiaoming Qiu, Yang Bai, Fei Xing, Haiyan Yu, and Yanan Shi. "Resistance spot welding macro characteristics of the dissimilar thickness dual phase steels." Materials & Design 63 (November 2014): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.05.060.

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43

Sidorov, Mikhail M. "Investigation of the distribution of residual stresses in dissimilar thickness girth welds." Procedia Structural Integrity 20 (2019): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2019.12.136.

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44

Gui, Zhenzhen, Guoqing Min, Dejian Liu, and Peipei Hu. "Double-sided laser welding of dissimilar titanium alloys with linear variable thickness." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 79, no. 9-12 (March 7, 2015): 1597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-6922-8.

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45

Chu, G. N., G. Liu, S. J. Yuan, and W. J. Liu. "Weld seam movement of tailor-welded tube during hydrobulging with dissimilar thickness." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 60, no. 9-12 (January 10, 2012): 1255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3883-4.

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46

Korouyeh, R. Safdarian, Hassan Moslemi Naeini, M. J. Torkamany, and J. Sabaghzadee. "Effect of Laser Welding Parameters on Forming Behavior of Tailor Welded Blanks." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.406.

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Анотація:

Tailor Welded Blanks (TWB) are blanks in which two or more sheets of similar or dissimilar materials, thicknesses, coatings etc. are welded together to form a single sheet before forming. Forming behavior of TWBs is affected by thickness ratio, strength ratio, weld conditions such as weld properties, weld orientation, weld location etc. In this work, Nd:YAG laser welding will be use to weld TWB with different thickness in experimental test. Nd:YAG laser welding parameters such as pulse duration, welding velocity, frequency and peak power will affect formability of TWBs. Taguchis design of experiments methodology is followed to design of experiment and obtain the percentage contribution of factors considered. Erichsen formability test and uniaxial tensile test (ASTM-E8) will be use in experiment setup to compare result of different welding parameters on formability quality of TWBs.

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47

Atikah, Nurul, Mohd Afendi, Siti Hirmaliza, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, Nurul Amira, and Mohd Noor Mazlee. "Strength of Ductile Adhesive Butt Joint Bonded with Dissimilar Adherents: Effect of Surface Roughness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.366.

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The purpose of this project is to study the influence of the macroscopic state of surface roughness of the dissimilar adherent on the strength of adhesive joint. In this project, several types of sandpaper were used to produce different surface roughness of stainless steel and aluminium alloy adherents. All bonding surfaces were polished with different types of sandpaper. Butt joints of dissimilar adherent specimen were produced using a ductile adhesive (i.e. Araldite®Standard) with same bond thickness. The specimens were tested under static loading condition using universal testing machine (UTM) to investigate the relationship of the surface roughness and bond strength.

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48

Liu, Dashuang, Ping Wei, Weimin Long, and Wei Zhou. "Vacuum Brazing of Dissimilar Al 7075 and Al–25 Si Alloy." Metals 12, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12061042.

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Анотація:

The vacuum brazing of dissimilar Al 7075 and Al–25 Si alloy was investigated. The brazing filler was copper foil with a thickness of 20 μm, and the brazing temperature was 560 °C held for 10 min. The average shear strength of the brazed joint of dissimilar Al 7075 and Al–25 Si alloy was 26.4 MPa. The copper layer was found to be dissolved completely, and the interface of the joint had an irregular shape with a serrated border, indicating a good metallurgical bonding between the two dissimilar alloys. However, factors which might cause deterioration of the shear strength were also observed, including the formation of the intermetallic compounds such as MgZn2, Cu2Al and Mg2Si, the existence of voids and microcracks, the coarsening of grains in Al 7075, and the coarsening of primary Si in Al–25 Si alloy.

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49

Zhou, Xiongfeng, Ji’an Duan, Fan Zhang, and Shunshun Zhong. "The Study on Mechanical Strength of Titanium-Aluminum Dissimilar Butt Joints by Laser Welding-Brazing Process." Materials 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2019): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050712.

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Анотація:

Laser welding–brazing of 5A06 aluminum to Ti6Al4V titanium in a butt configuration was carried out to discuss the influences of welding parameters on dissimilar joint properties. The effects of laser offset, welding speed, and laser power on the spreading length of the molten aluminum liquid, interface fracture zone width (IFZW), fracture roughness, intermetallic compounds (IMCs) thickness, and tensile strength were also investigated. The microstructure and fracture of the joint were also studied. The results show that the tensile strength of the joint is not only influenced by the thickness and type of IMCs, but also influenced by the spreading ability of the aluminum liquid, the fracture area broken at the Ti/fusing zone (FZ) interface, and the relative area of the brittle and ductile fracture in FZ. A dissimilar butt joint with an IMC thickness of 2.79 μm was obtained by adjusting the laser offset, welding speed, and laser power to 500 μm, 11 mm/s and 1130 W, respectively. The maximum tensile strength of the joint was up to 183 MPa, which is equivalent to 83% of the tensile strength of the 5A06 aluminum alloy.

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50

Nikolić, Ružica R., Jelena M. Djoković, Branislav Hadzima, and Robert Ulewicz. "Spot-Weld Service Life Estimate Based on Application of the Interfacial Crack Concept." Materials 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 2976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132976.

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Анотація:

In the automotive industry, spot-welding is the most common method of joining components. Thus, determining the service life of spot-welds is of great importance in designing assemblies or structures. It is well-known that lately there has been a trend in the industry toward reducing the fuel consumption and harmful gasses emissions, as well as the weight of structures with the application of the lightweight materials, like aluminum alloys. In this paper, research is presented on the behavior of a spot-weld between the plates made of the two dissimilar materials—aluminum alloy and steel. In addition, the influence of the plates’ thickness and the weld nugget’s diameter on welds’ service life is presented. In this analysis, a concept of the interface crack between the two linear elastic materials was applied. Obtained results show that the plates’ thickness and the nugget’s size, as well as the working load, impose significant influences on the service life of a spot-weld between the two dissimilar materials.

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