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Статті в журналах з теми "Disposable soma theory":
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Kirkwood, T. B. L. "The Disposable Soma Theory: Evidence and Implications." Netherlands Journal of Zoology 43, no. 3-4 (1992): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854293x00115.
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Drenos, Fotios, and Thomas B. L. Kirkwood. "Modelling the disposable soma theory of ageing." Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 126, no. 1 (January 2005): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2004.09.026.
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Douglas, Peter M., and Andrew Dillin. "The disposable soma theory of aging in reverse." Cell Research 24, no. 1 (November 5, 2013): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2013.148.
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Abrams, Peter A., and Donald Ludwig. "Optimality Theory, Gompertz' Law, and the Disposable Soma Theory of Senescence." Evolution 49, no. 6 (December 1995): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410431.
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Abrams, Peter A., and Donald Ludwig. "OPTIMALITY THEORY, GOMPERTZ' LAW, AND THE DISPOSABLE SOMA THEORY OF SENESCENCE." Evolution 49, no. 6 (December 1995): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04433.x.
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Świątek, P., M. Vogelgesang, M. Romek, and J. Klag. "Germ-line versus somatic cells. I. Stereological study of differentiating embryonic tissues of Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Hexapoda, Collembola)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-040.
Анотація:
We examined five different somatic tissues and compared them with germ-line cells to verify the "disposable soma" theory. Two embryonic stages and second-stage juveniles of Tetrodontophora bielanensis Waga, 1842 (Hexapoda, Collembola) were studied. Our results show that changes in relative volume of mitochondria during differentiation of cells correlate well with transformations of cell morphology. During morphological transformation of differentiating somatic cells, the relative volume of mitochondria in their cytoplasm is high, whereas in the differentiated tissues, this parameter is much lower. Surprisingly, the highest value of relative volume density of mitochondria is found in the cytoplasm of germ-line cells. If we accept that this parameter indicates the cell metabolism rate, then our results should be taken as supporting the "disposable soma" theory. It is also conceivable that the higher volume of mitochondria in the germ-line cells have nothing to do with energy production but, for instance, with the production or function of nuage material (germ-cell determinant) in the germ-line cells. These two possibilities are discussed.
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da Silva, Jack. "Plastic Senescence in the Honey Bee and the Disposable Soma Theory." American Naturalist 194, no. 3 (September 2019): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/704220.
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van den Heuvel, Joost, Sinead English, and Tobias Uller. "Disposable Soma Theory and the Evolution of Maternal Effects on Ageing." PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): e0145544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145544.
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Chen, Hwei-yen, Cecile Jolly, Kasparas Bublys, Daniel Marcu, and Simone Immler. "Trade-off between somatic and germline repair in a vertebrate supports the expensive germ line hypothesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 16 (April 3, 2020): 8973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918205117.
Анотація:
The disposable soma theory is a central tenet of the biology of aging where germline immortality comes at the cost of an aging soma [T. B. L. Kirkwood, Nature 270, 301–304 (1977); T. B. L. Kirkwood, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 205, 531–546 (1979); T. B. L. Kirkwood, S. N. Austad, Nature 408, 233–238 (2000)]. Limited resources and a possible trade-off between the repair and maintenance of the germ cells and growth and maintenance of the soma may explain the deterioration of the soma over time. Here we show that germline removal allows accelerated somatic healing under stress. We tested “the expensive germ line” hypothesis by generating germline-free zebrafish Danio rerio and testing the effect of the presence and absence of the germ line on somatic repair under benign and stressful conditions. We exposed male fish to sublethal low-dose ionizing radiation, a genotoxic stress affecting the soma and the germ line, and tested how fast the soma recovered following partial fin ablation. We found that somatic recovery from ablation occurred substantially faster in irradiated germline-free fish than in the control germline-carrying fish where somatic recovery was stunned. The germ line did show signs of postirradiation recovery in germline-carrying fish in several traits related to offspring number and fitness. These results support the theoretical conjecture that germline maintenance is costly and directly trades off with somatic maintenance.
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Teulière, Jérôme, Debashish Bhattacharya, and Eric Bapteste. "Ancestral germen/soma distinction in microbes: Expanding the disposable soma theory of aging to all unicellular lineages." Ageing Research Reviews 60 (July 2020): 101064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101064.
Дисертації з теми "Disposable soma theory":
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Crosland, Agathe. "Lien entre la croissance et les sénescences reproductive, actuarielle et immunitaire chez un insecte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK006.
Анотація:
La sénescence, le déclin des performances de l’organisme avec l’âge, est un phénomène quasi-universel et qui nous semble donc très familier. Cependant, le « pourquoi » et le « comment » de ce phénomène n’ont vraiment commencé à être élucidés que récemment. D’un point de vue évolutif (le « pourquoi »), la diminution de la force de la sélection naturelle avec l’âge crée une opposition entre performances tôt et tard dans la vie, généralement au détriment de la période tardive. La théorie du soma jetable, notamment, propose que le déclin de l’organisme serait dû à l’accumulation de dommages mal réparés, les ressources étant allouées aux fonctions avantageuses plus précocement, comme la reproduction ou la croissance. Si le lien entre reproduction et sénescence a été très étudié au cours du dernier siècle, les connaissances sur celui entre croissance et sénescence restent à consolider.Dans cette thèse, nous avons testé l’effet de la vitesse de croissance sur trois aspects de la sénescence : la reproduction, la survie et l’immunité, chez le ténébrion meunier, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Nous avons employé deux approches complémentaires, l’une basée sur la manipulation de la vitesse de croissance par l’environnement larvaire et la seconde sur l’étude de lignées consanguines, abordant ainsi la composante génétique du lien croissance-sénescence.Ces approches ont montré qu’un investissement plus fort dans la croissance accélère la sénescence reproductive. L’approche phénotypique n’a pas permis de montrer de coût d’une forte vitesse de croissance sur la longévité, alors que des corrélations génétiques antagonistes ont été mises en évidence. Enfin, la manipulation des vitesses de croissance influence quel type de défense immunitaire est privilégié par les insectes. Nos résultats montrent donc que la vitesse de croissance a un effet variable en fonction des paramètres de sénescence considérésSenescence, the decline in the performance of the organism with age, is an almost universal and therefore a very familiar phenomenon. However, the “why” and “how” of this phenomenon have only recently begun to be elucidated. From an evolutionary perspective (the “why”), the decline in the strength of natural selection with age creates an opposition between performance early and later in life, generally to the detriment of the late period. The disposable soma theory, in particular, proposes that the decline of the organism comes from the accumulation of damage, poorly repaired, because resources are allocated to advantageous functions earlier in life, such as reproduction or growth. If the link between reproduction and senescence has been extensively studied over the last century, knowledge on the relationship between growth and senescence remains to be consolidated.In this thesis, we tested the effect of the growth rate on three aspects of senescence: reproduction, survival and immunity, in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). We used two complementary approaches, one based on the manipulation of growth rate by the larval environment and the second based on the study of inbred lines, thus addressing the genetic component of the link between growth and senescence.These approaches have all shown that a stronger investment in growth accelerates the reproductive senescence. The phenotypic approach did not show any cost of a high growth rate on longevity, while antagonistic genetic correlations were highlighted. Finally, manipulating growth rates influences which type of immune defense is favored by insects. Our results therefore show that growth rate has a variable effect depending on the senescence parameters considered
Книги з теми "Disposable soma theory":
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Shepherd, Gillian. Where Are the Children? Locating Children in Funerary Space in the Ancient Greek World. Edited by Sally Crawford, Dawn M. Hadley, and Gillian Shepherd. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199670697.013.28.
Анотація:
Children are often underrepresented in ancient Greek cemeteries in terms of retrievable burials, and their visibility in major formal city cemeteries can vary considerably with time and space. However, given that child mortality—especially perinatal death—must always have been high, there remain questions regarding the nature and location of the disposal of deceased children in periods and places where it is clear they did not receive formal burial alongside adults in city cemeteries. This chapter seeks to gather and analyse in a more systematic manner the evidence for child burials outside city cemeteries and to put forward some suggestions regarding the disposal of children where their burials continue to elude us; it also examines more specifically the locations of retrieved child burials and highlights the considerable variations in acceptable destinations for deceased children in the ancient Greek world.
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Horster, Marietta. Urban Infrastructure and Euergetism Outside the City of Rome. Edited by Christer Bruun and Jonathan Edmondson. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195336467.013.024.
Анотація:
This chapter explores the connection between the monumentalization of cities, the use of local resources, and the involvement of benefactors in civic building operations. At its peak the Roman Empire comprised a mosaic of some two thousand flourishing cities. For the establishment and maintenance of their infrastructure, they benefited in large part from the contributions of wealthy citizens and, in some situations, of outside sponsors. This chapter uses epigraphic evidence to explain what financial resources cities had at their disposal and who was responsible for benefactions that benefited the communities and their inhabitants. It also discusses the nature of the benefactions and what such munificence meant for the cities.
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Roger, Mccormick, and Stears Chris. Part VIII Examples of Legal Risk, 26 Property Interests in Indirectly Held Investment Securities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749271.003.0027.
Анотація:
This chapter discusses legal risk associated with property interests in indirectly held investment securities. It suggests that risks arise because, although there have been some recent reforms, the substantive law regarding the holding and disposal of corporate securities is still, to a significant extent, based on ‘paper’ securities rather than electronically recorded holdings. The chapter covers the Hague Convention on ‘The law applicable to certain rights in respect of securities held with an intermediary’, legal reforms around the world, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law Convention (‘Geneva Securities Convention’), and Financial Markets Law Committee proposals.
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Godfrey, Barry, Pam Cox, Heather Shore, and Zoe Alker. Our Sample and Our Sources. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788492.003.0003.
Анотація:
Chapter 3 sets out the methods we used to trace 400 children who passed through the four institutions covered in the study, as well as a smaller group of their siblings (50) and others who received alternative court disposals (50). Using some of the most comprehensive sets of official and personal data ever assembled for a historical study of this kind, we have constructed 500 personal life grids. While some of our life grids are skeletal, most are full of rich personal data. In this chapter, we outline the key primary sources used, the rationale for selecting our core sample and ‘control group’, the challenges of combining historical life course and digital research methods, notably the challenges of tracing women’s lives in this context, and a final discussion around the ethics of historical life course research.
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Bobić, Marinko. Why Minor Powers Risk Wars with Major Powers. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529205206.001.0001.
Анотація:
Major powers have immense resources at their disposal, while minor powers are assumed to avoid wars and power politics due to structural and material constraints. This provokes the question why do some minor powers nonetheless decide to militarily engage their vastly stronger opponents, particularly major powers? Inspired by several theoretical insights, this book proposes a more complex framework of minor powers in interstate asymmetric conflict. It analyses five conditions highlighted by previous studies: domestic crisis, foreign support, window of opportunity, anomalous beliefs, and regime stability. The theoretical framework works well with a mixed-methods approach, a medium-N research design (Qualitative Comparative Analysis), and three case studies: Iraq (1990), Moldova (1992), and Serbia (1999). The book finds that by looking through the lenses of multiple theories, one can observe a more nuanced relationship how different conditions interact in impacting minor powers’ decisions. Ultimately, minor powers militarily engage major powers when facing a more important domestic crisis and when they also believe that they have a window of opportunity or support from another major power in order to constrain major powers’ capability and resolve. Looking at the current conflict in Syria, there are important policy implications given the observation that minor powers do and will continue to challenge major powers in the future.
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Emery, K. O., and David Neev. The Destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah, and Jericho. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090949.001.0001.
Анотація:
The story of the destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah, and Jericho--three cities situated along a major fault line extending 1,100 kilometers from the Red Sea to Turkey--is the oldest such description in human history. In this book, noted geologists K.O. Emery and David Neev have revisited that story to shed light on what happened there some 4,350 years ago. With all the benefits of modern geological and forensic science techniques at their disposal, the authors explore an area where earthquakes, volcanic activity, variations in the Dead Sea's level, and oscillations between arid and wet climates have affected life there for over 10,000 years. In reviewing the geology, biblical paleogeography, and limnology of the region, the authors have produced fascinating insights into the tectonic and climatic changes that have occurred in the region over the last 6,000 years and how those changes have affected cultural life in the Middle East. The Destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah, and Jericho is the first book to combine modern science and biblical archaeology to produce an authoritative account of the of these three great cities. It will fascinate students and researchers in geology, geophysics, and archaeology alike.
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Nguyen, C. Thi. Games. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052089.001.0001.
Анотація:
Games are a unique art form. Game designers don’t just create a world; they create who you will be in that world. They tell you what abilities to use and what goals to take on. In other words, games work in the medium of agency. This book explores what games have to teach us about our own rationality and agency. We have the capacity for a peculiar sort of motivational inversion. For some of us, winning is not the point. We take on an interest in winning temporarily, so that we can play the game. Thus, we are capable of taking on temporary and disposable ends. At the center of this book is a view about games as communicative artifacts. Games are a way of recording forms of agency; they are a library of agencies. And exploring that library can help us develop our own agency and autonomy. But this technology can also be used for art. Games can sculpt our practical activity, for the sake of the beauty of our own actions. Our struggles, in games, can be designed to fit our capacities. Games can present a harmonious world, where our abilities fit the task. Games are a kind of existential balm against the difficult and exhausting value clarity of the world. But this presents a special danger. Games can be a fantasy of value clarity, which can encourage us to oversimplify our enduring values.
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Lo, Vivienne, and Michael Stanley-Baker. Chinese Medicine. Edited by Mark Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546497.013.0009.
Анотація:
This article leans towards practice-orientated accounts. The historical enterprise dignifies itself with the idea that it is possible to share something of the sensory and perceptive style of the originators of early Chinese healing practices to deepen our appreciation of their textual legacies. Indeed the ethnic and cultural boundaries of China itself are contested. This article discusses some observations about how the sensory modalities of Chinese medical thought speak powerfully to a modern global audience who frequently feel their own individual experience of health and sickness devalued in the processes of modern standardized medicine. With these methodological tools at our disposal, the door also opens into a rich inter regional cultural and material history, and a narrative not only concerned with internal ‘Chinese’ genealogical developments but also ready to tackle the transitions, transformations, and transmissions that happen to medical knowledge as it is exchanged between different peoples across physical domains as well as down through generations of healers.
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Gillespie, Alexander. Between the Second World War and 1970. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819516.003.0005.
Анотація:
The years between 1945 and 1970 saw unprecedented economic and social prosperity worldwide. Despite some gaps, progress in the Western, communist, and developing world was the rule, rather than the exception. The differences that appeared were in how the Western world focused on international trade and exchange, while the communist and developing world was more inward focused and was much more willing to incur environmental damage than the Western world. The rise of Western environmentalism was largely attributable to the appearance of unprecedented new environmental problems. Air, chemical, ocean, and waste disposal pollution began to evolve, and the scale and constituents of their impact all pointed to very unsustainable trajectories. Habitat and species loss continued to expand, although initial approaches on how to deal with these problems (together with air and freshwater pollution) at the national, regional, and sometimes, the international level began to emerge.
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Benmayor, Rina. Case Study: Engaging Interpretation Through Digital Technologies. Edited by Donald A. Ritchie. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0033.
Анотація:
This article focuses on the dynamics of interpreting oral history through digital technologies. From today's vantage point, my “high-tech” strategies are quaint and rather obsolete. Faculty have more sophisticated electronic tools at our disposal for oral history instruction, including digital transcription programs, multimedia programs that integrate voice, image, and word, and learning management systems where we can post course materials, communicate with students, organize group communication and so on. In addition to advances in teaching technologies, today's students come with higher degrees of technological literacy than a decade ago. They are equipped with computers, iPods, and cell phones, and many know how to use digital audio and video recorders. Where once we had to teach how to use specialized software programs, faculty now take for granted that students know how to make slide presentations. Some are already familiar with sound or video editing processes, and a few may even have multimedia production experience.
Частини книг з теми "Disposable soma theory":
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Sotola, Lukas. "Disposable Soma Theory." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2367-1.
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Sotola, Lukas K. "Disposable Soma Theory." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2062–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_2367.
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Kirkwood, Thomas B. L., and Axel Kowald. "Disposable Soma Aging Theory." In Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_40-1.
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Kirkwood, Thomas B. L., and Axel Kowald. "Disposable Soma Aging Theory." In Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging, 1481–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_40.
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Franco, Vittoria. "Ágnes Heller. Il lavoro come espressione di libera individualità." In Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà, 943–49. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.109.
Анотація:
Heller focuses the issue work in the 60s and 70s, mainly in three different contexts: everyday life, radical needs, the critique of Lukács’s Ontology of social being, in which “work” is presented as a model for social praxis. At the time she still used Marxian categories – no matter how unorthodox her analysis - and looked at a non-alienated society, believing in the possibility of communism. Only after she emigrated to Australia (1977) she abandoned Marxism to embrace a kind of Kierkegaardian existentialism. She maintains that work is a vital need for man, necessary to reproduce his free individuality. Later, following Marx, she developed a theory of radical needs, in which the human goal is to achieve new qualitative needs outside work time, in the disposable time. But Heller does not fail to also highlight some deficiencies and inconsistencies of the Marxian analysis on the subject.
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Moyes, Holley. "The Life and Afterlife of Phenomenology in Archaeological Theory and Practice." In Horizons of Phenomenology, 307–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26074-2_16.
Анотація:
AbstractIn 1994, Christopher Tilley published his treatise, A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and Monuments, that stimulated what has been referred to as the phenomenological “moment” in archaeology. Invoking Heideggerian phenomenology and following Merleau-Ponty, Tilley’s methods met with harsh criticism among many in the archaeological community. To some, Tilley’s hyper-interpretive methods lacked rigor and had the problem of imposing one’s own feelings and observations onto the people of the past without considering the cultural contexts and symbolic meanings imbued in past perceptions of landscapes. Tilley’s work leans heavily on embodiment, taking a humanistic approach that relies on the investigator’s own perceptions as the central source of data used for archaeological interpretation. Despite heavy criticism, his work prompted numerous revisions of his ideas and generated more nuanced approaches. Under criticism, explicitly phenomenological approaches soon gave way to the “Archaeology of the Senses,” which rests heavily on idealist approaches and the role of memory in sensorial experience. Still, the instigator’s own embodied experience with an emphasis on self-reflexivity remains the most important tool for interpretation. Though this is rarely made explicit in sensory studies, it is the underlying assumption in archeological reconstructions, virtual reality simulations, and thick descriptive narratives, all methods employed in these works. The question is, can a more rigorous methodology be developed that legitimizes the use of self as a tool for archaeological interpretations without being construed as ahistorical, homogenizing, or as a Western modernist universalism? Can we hope to understand the life experiences of people from the past using the only available tool at our disposal—ourselves? Cognitive science offers us a way forward in creating a more grounded phenomenological approach.
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Hettich, Peter, and Aya Kachi. "Introduction." In Swiss Energy Governance, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80787-0_1.
Анотація:
AbstractIn 2014, the Swiss Confederation established the Swiss Competence Center for Research in Energy, Society and Transition to respond to important challenges posed by the Swiss energy transition, envisaged by the so-called “Energy Strategy 2050”. This chapter reflects on the research done by the 55 researchers within SCCER CREST that decided to conduct their work under the umbrella term “energy governance”. Given the plethora of findings and recommendations that can be derived from this research and that are compiled in this volume, the authors of this chapter have discussed extensively whether all these findings can be stitched together into an integrated narrative, thereby providing guidance on how to transform an energy industry. However, connecting the research results of this volume towards an integrated narrative would necessarily be a construct. Instead, we offer some thoughts on the urge of funding agencies to have such narratives at their disposal.
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Cirrincione, Laura, and Giorgia Peri. "Covering the Gap for an Effective Energy and Environmental Design of Green Roofs: Contributions from Experimental and Modelling Researches." In Future City, 149–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_8.
Анотація:
AbstractGreen roofs are components of the building envelope that have become increasingly popular in urban contexts because other than providing numerous environmental benefits they are also capable of reducing building energy consumption, especially in summer. However, despite all these advantages, green roofs are still affected by some limitations. Specifically, there are some gaps affecting the energy modelling consisting in the absence of a proper database, information (growth stage, leaf area index, and coverage ratio) relative to the different green roof plant species, which technicians could use in case of lack of actual field data to perform energy analysis of buildings equipped with green roofs. These gaps concern also environmental and economic assessments of such technology. In fact, the currently available green roof LCA and LCC studies seem to underestimate the role of the substrate on the overall environmental impact and the role of the disposal phase on the life cycle cost of the green roof. In this chapter, all these aspects are addressed, and contributions to their solution, which arose from both experimental and modelling research, carried out by the authors are presented.
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Bikam, Peter Bitta. "Vehicle Management and Emission Control and Maintenance." In Green Economy in the Transport Sector, 51–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86178-0_5.
Анотація:
AbstractSouth Africa range 15th as the world largest CO2 emitter contributing to 1.2% of global emission. During the Kyoto Protocol of 2014, South Africa pledged to reduce its emission by 34% and 42% in 2020 and 2025 respectively. This study is a combination of literature review from South Africa with particular emphasis on road transport. The focus was on vehicle emission with reference to Limpopo Province to demonstrate how emissions from primarily the use of diesel and petrol as one of the major contributors to CO2 emission in the province are vital for the sustainability debate. The methodology used to illustrate the dangers of vehicular emissions were based on statistical estimates from the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) inventory report from 2000 to 2010. The information used in assessing the vehicle emission standards in Limpopo were obtained from DEA. The findings from literature reviews in general and the results from the field survey from Limpopo Province shed some light on South Africa's vehicle emissions policy issues and standards. Also the analysis focused on the impact of vehicular fleet management and carbon emissions. The article concludes by drilling down to vehicle users, motor vehicle repairs, engine over haulers, used engine collection and disposal with respect to their roles in vehicle emission and control in South Africa.
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Davies, Shannon Helen, Paul Christensen, Thomas Holberg, Joao Avelar, and Oliver Heidrich. "Raw Materials and Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries." In The Materials Research Society Series, 143–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48359-2_9.
Анотація:
AbstractThe growth in the electric vehicle (EV) and the associated lithium-ion battery (LIB) market globally has been both exponential and inevitable. This is mainly due to the drive toward sustainability through the electrification of transport. This chapter briefly reviews and analyzes the value chain of LIBs, as well as the supply risks of the raw material provisions. It illustrates some of the global environmental and economic impacts of using materials such as cobalt, lithium, and nickel, in both their original and secondary usage and final disposal. To assist in the understanding of the supply and safety risks associated with the materials used in LIBs, this chapter explains in detail the various active cathode chemistries of the numerous LIBs currently available, including the specific battery contents, how the batteries are grouped into families, and the supply risks associated with the materials used. A detailed description of the three existing recycling processes and material yields from each recycling process is given. This is followed by a discussion on the challenges and opportunities that come with each of these recycling processes. There is an overview of battery recycling regulation in the three major markets, China, the EU, and the USA; and how they impact one another. Finally, we highlight the safety issues associated with the transportation, processing, and recycling of LIBs with a focus on the primary risks of LIB fires and how to prevent them. This chapter concludes by summarizing the key findings of this work.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Disposable soma theory":
1
Declercq, Brecht, and Loes Nijsmans. "What to do with audiovisual carriers after their digitization?" In SOIMA 2015: Unlocking Sound and Image Heritage. International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/soima2015.2.08.
Анотація:
Both traditional and more recent audiovisual carriers degrade. Even CD-ROMs have typically only a ten-year expected life span. In addition, playback equipment for both analogue and digital carriers will ultimately grow scarcer and more expensive to repair or replace. Archives and museums are inevitably faced with the decision of whether to preserve audiovisual carriers after their content has been digitized. This paper o ers a draft decision- making framework developed by the Flemish Institute of Archiving (VIAA). Assuming that an institution already has a digital collection management system in place, the proposed framework addresses the concepts of favourability, possibility, value, preservation conditions and the risk for other carriers through a series of questions. The paper also addresses the disposal of carriers, should an organization decide that disposal is in the best interests of its collections.
2
Gesell, Greg, and Stephen Langham. "Handling Oahu’s Waste Disposal." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2346.
Анотація:
Oahu has special needs and requirements when it comes to dealing with solid waste on the island. The City and County of Honolulu has successfully addressed this problem in the past and is working on solutions for the future. Five percent of the island’s electrical power has been generated reliably from the 2000 tons per day of waste processed by their H-POWER Waste-to-Energy Facility. The facility has been processing waste for nearly twenty years and the volume of refuse going to the landfill is reduced by 90 percent. Honolulu is considering the best solutions for the island’s waste for the coming years. Waste-to-energy works in partnership with recycling to reduce the island’s increasing waste volumes. Recycling programs are in place and additional recycling measures are being considered. Landfill space is limited and questions exist regarding the ongoing use of the existing landfill and what will happen when it is closed. In an island setting, some alternatives available to other areas such as long haul to distant landfills are not available to bridge solid waste issues. Therefore practical solutions must be found and implemented in a timely manner. A number of initiatives and plans are in development. Measures are underway to prepare the H-POWER facility for future emission requirements and operation for the next twenty years. Steps have been taken toward expansion of the existing facility. Permitting and negotiations with agencies and utilities are under way. This paper will explore and expand upon these issues showing how they are interrelated to one another.
3
Vettori, Barbara, and Boban Misoski. "DATABASES TO SUPPORT ASSET MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL REUSE: THE CASE STUDY OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18306.
Анотація:
Over the past decades, many EU and non EU countries have amended their legislative and institutional framework on proceeds of crime confiscation to deprive criminals of their assets more effectively and to better manage and dispose of them. There are still, however, some under-researched issues that could greatly enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of confiscation policies. A first topic is the contribution that databases can give to asset management and disposal; the second one deals with a particular asset disposal option which involves giving criminal proceeds back to the communities affected by crime and promoting their use in line with communal needs: social reuse. This article responds to this question: what is the current situation regarding these two key issues in the Republic of North Macedonia?
4
Kitamura, Akira, Reisuke Doi, and Yasushi Yoshida. "Evaluated and Estimated Solubility of Some Elements for Performance Assessment of Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste Using Updated Version of Thermodynamic Database." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40172.
Анотація:
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) established the thermodynamic database (JAEA-TDB) for performance assessment of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and TRU waste. Twenty-five elements which were important for the performance assessment of geological disposal were selected for the database. JAEA-TDB enhanced reliability of evaluation and estimation of their solubility through selecting the latest and the most reliable thermodynamic data at present. We evaluated and estimated solubility of the 25 elements in the simulated porewaters established in the “Second Progress Report for Safety Assessment of Geological Disposal of HLW in Japan” using the JAEA-TDB and compared with those using the previous thermodynamic database (JNC-TDB). It was found that most of the evaluated and estimated solubility values were not changed drastically, but the solubility and speciation of dominant aqueous species for some elements using the JAEA-TDB were different from those using the JNC-TDB. We discussed about how to provide reliable solubility values for the performance assessment.
5
Yang, Rong-shan, Xue-yi Liu, and Ping Wang. "Research on Longitudinal Force Computation Theory and Experiment of the Welded Turnout on the Bridge." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36084.
Анотація:
According to characteristics of force and displacement of welded turnout on bridge, the turnout-bridge-platform integration computation model was established; the model was solved by finite element method. Taking the Meichi No.1bridge on Zhejiang-Jiangxi railway line as the example, the force and the displacement characteristics of the welded turnout on bridge were analyzed. The temperature force and the displacement of welded turnout on bridge was measured, the site test proves that the calculated results are consistent with the measurements. The analysis and the test prove that the turnout -bridge-platform integration computation model to solve the longitudinal force and displacement of welded turnout on bridge was feasible; the forces and displacements of welded turnout on bridge and CWR on bridge were different, Some parameters Influencing the longitudinal force and displacement of the welded turnout on bridge should be calculated, such as the temperature of rail, the disposal of turnout, the location of turnout and bridge, and so on; in dense turnout area, such as throat zone, the interaction between turnouts was considerable, for the sake of calculating the force and displacement of turnout on the bridge well, the integration computation model including all the turnouts and bridges should be established.
6
Tsuchi, Hiroyuki, Kazumi Kitayama, Akira Deguchi, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Toshiaki Ohe, Charles McCombie, and Ian McKinley. "Experience With Technical Advisory Groups in the Japanese HLW Disposal Programme." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16290.
Анотація:
Recognising the benefits to be gained by integrating national and international experience into a rapidly growing programme, NUMO already in June 2001 set up both domestic and international technical advisory committees. These groups supported NUMO during the time when many of the basic, often innovative, concepts that characterise the Japanese deep geological disposal programme were developed. Overall experience with those technical advisory committees was very positive: most of the essential programme elements have been put in place and, in some technical areas, NUMO is now up at the front along with other leading programmes. On the other hand, after a decade, NUMO recognized the necessity to revisit their roles and rethink the overall NUMO policy on technical support, advice and review. This paper provides a summary of NUMO’s experience with advisory committees and an outlook on the future use of such bodies.
7
Verhoef, Ewoud, Hans Code´e, Vladan Sˇtefula, and Charles McCombie. "European Concepts for Shared Storage and Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Wastes?" In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7108.
Анотація:
Geological disposal is an essential component of the long-term management of spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste. Implementation of a suitable deep repository may, however, be difficult or impossible in some (especially small) countries because of challenging geological conditions or restricted siting options, or because of the high costs involved. For these countries, shared regional or international storage and disposal facilities are a necessity. The European Parliament and the EC have both expressed support for concepts that could lead to regional shared facilities being implemented in the EU. The EC, therefore, funded two projects that form the first two steps of a staged process towards the implementation of shared regional or international storage and disposal facilities. In the period 2003 to 2005, the EC funded SAPIERR I, a project devoted to pilot studies on the feasibility of shared regional storage facilities and geological repositories, for use by European countries. The studies showed that shared regional repositories are feasible, but also that, if they are to be implemented, even some decades ahead, efforts must already be increased now. The first step would be to establish a structured framework for the work on regional repositories. This is the goal of SAPIERR II (2006–2008): to develop possible practical implementation strategies and organisational structures. These will enable a formalised, structured European Development Organisation (EDO) to be established in 2008 or afterwards for working on shared EU radioactive waste storage and disposal activities. The EDO can work in parallel with national waste programmes. Participating EU Member States will be able to use the structures developed as, when and if needed for the furtherance of their individual national policies.
8
Labor, Bea, and Staffan Lindskog. "Planning for Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities: Some Views of Younger Stakeholders." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59222.
Анотація:
One of the prerequisite for nuclear power to be regarded as a sustainable energy source is that no burden be put on future generations. One important step in the financial and technical planning for decommissioning is therefore to investigate, describe and explain the opinions and values of especially the younger stakeholders. In this article, some results from current field studies in Poland and Slovakia are presented. The aggregated survey is based on 1444 personal interviews in four towns in Poland and one geographic area in Slovakia with a near 100% response rate. The main conclusions from this field study may be summarised as follows: • Sustainable energy sources are favoured (nuclear power may be included if waste is managed properly). • Nuclear power is seen as a potential future semi-sustainable energy source by nearly 1/4th of the respondents. • The values are based on safety and environmental aspects. • The polluter pays principle (extended polluter responsibility) is accepted. • There are doubts regarding the compliance with these principles in the implementation of the disposal of the nuclear residues. • Means and modes of communication with the younger stakeholders need further development. • No difference in views was found between the sexes. • Nearly one 1/5th of the respondents are open to accept reprocessing.
9
de Lemos, Francisco Luiz, Karl-Heinz Helmuth, and Terry Sullivan. "Transparent Tools for Uncertainty Analysis in High Level Waste Disposal Facilities Safety." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7277.
Анотація:
In this paper some results of a further development of a technical cooperation project, initiated in 2004, between the CDTN/CNEN, The Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission, and the STUK, The Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, are presented. The objective of this project is to study applications of fuzzy logic, and artificial intelligence methods, on uncertainty analysis of high level waste disposal facilities safety assessment. Uncertainty analysis is an essential part of the study of the complex interactions of the features, events and processes, which will affect the performance of the HLW disposal system over the thousands of years in the future. Very often the development of conceptual and computational models requires simplifications and selection of over conservative parameters that can lead to unrealistic results. These results can mask the existing uncertainties which, consequently, can be an obstacle to a better understanding of the natural processes. A correct evaluation of uncertainties and their rule on data interpretation is an important step for the improvement of the confidence in the calculations and public acceptance. This study focuses on dissolution (source), solubility and sorption (sink) as key processes for determination of release and migration of radionuclides. These factors are affected by a number of parameters that characterize the near and far fields such as pH; temperature; redox conditions; and other groundwater properties. On the other hand, these parameters are also consequence of other processes and conditions such as water rock interaction; pH and redox buffering. Fuzzy logic tools have been proved to be suited for dealing with interpretation of complex, and some times conflicting, data. For example, although some parameters, such as pH and carbonate, are treated as independent, they have influence in each other and on the solubility. It is used the technique of fuzzy cognitive mapping is used for analysis of effects of variations on one parameter on the others in a system. This technique uses the concept of fuzzy sets to represent the “quality” of the relation between parameters rather then deterministic numbers.
10
Santos, Michele. "The rewards of user experience feedback on developing costumes that last, a swimsuit example." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001965.
Анотація:
In a globalized economy, where the fashion market is highly competitive, changeable, and often disposable, there is a need to manufacture a product that seduces the consumer, not only for the appearance of the product but also for its comfort, usability, and performance. All of these issues are concerns that designers want to address.During the last two hundred years, there has not been a single piece of clothing that has evolved as much as the swimsuit. However, some issues of ergonomic origin have been forgotten for various types of users with different anthropometric profiles.We defend that bath collections can be created, combining fashion design with ergonomics, fitting, usability, and anthropometry as the main factors, creating pieces that last and that suit the needs of its users.We will cover some cases of swimsuit brands that keep some models, collection after collection. These models were the result of careful initial investment, holistic and based on the user's experience. Trying to demonstrate that this initial analysis can represent an advantage in the medium/long term.
Звіти організацій з теми "Disposable soma theory":
1
Nikam, Jaee, Daniel Ddiba, and George Njoroge. Analysis of the Plastic Waste Value Chain in India: A Scoping Study. Stockholm Environment Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.037.
Анотація:
Plastic waste accumulation and inadequate disposal are global issues that are especially problematic for countries with large and growing populations and long coastlines, such as India. This report provides an overview of the complex plastic value chain in India, the key stakeholders involved, and their roles and interactions. Also provided are an overview of some innovative solutions along the plastic value chain and a map of relevant policies and regulations, both nationally and focusing on Tamil Nadu State, as well as the barriers and enablers for their implementation.
2
Arbib, James, and Tony Seba. Rethinking Transportation: A Policy Primer for the Coming Transportation Disruption. RethinkX, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.61322/oygu9559.
Анотація:
The disruption of road transport by a new business model, Transport-as-a-Service (TaaS), has the potential to provide cities, states, and the US economy with their biggest boost in a century, while helping solve some persistent social and environmental problems at zero cost. Fleets of autonomous electric vehicles, owned by fleets (not individuals) will offer ways to transport people at much lower cost, leading to a boost in disposable incomes of more than $5,600 per household (or $1 trillion in aggregate per year), with a further $1 trillion per year boost to GDP from productivity gains. These gains will be spread far more evenly across society than tax cuts and will flow back into the economy, with the potential to create many new jobs, helping to compensate on a larger scale for those lost. This is a technology disruption – not just an energy shift – and the infrastructure for it is already mostly here.
3
Lease and Jones. PR-266-12213-R01 Minimizing Gas Compressor Lubricating Oil Consumption. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010085.
Анотація:
One of the main sources of fouling in pipelines is related to the use of lubrication (and possibly over-lubrication) in reciprocating compressors. In addition to the obvious cost of lubricants, there are also many hidden costs associated with reciprocating compressor lubrication. Some of these hidden costs include disposal of collected oil, gas storage field contamination, scrubber cleaning, and loss of general pipeline efficiency. Minimizing reciprocating gas compressor lubrication oil consumption can address these costs while at the same time reducing the negative environmental impact associated with reciprocating compressor over-lubrication. One approach to minimize reciprocating compressor lubrication oil consumption is to use non-lubricated reciprocating compressor trim (e.g. filled PTFE composites). This report provides an in-depth evaluation of a wear test program performed on a variety of filled PTFE materials in air and a natural gas environment. This evaluation included comparison of this data to results provided in the open literature. One specific reference used as a comparison performed a comprehensive wear testing program on filled PTFE materials in a variety of gases (including methane) for a variety of dew points. Parameters evaluated in this study included the effect of dew point ranging from +0� C to -100� C, and the effect of various gas environment, including air, methane, propane, ethylene, and nitrogen.
4
Drayton, Paul, Jeffrey Panek, Tom McGrath, and James McCarthy. PR-312-12206-R01 FTIR Formaldehyde Measurement at Turbine NESHAP and Ambient Levels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011014.
Анотація:
Since formaldehyde is ubiquitous (e.g., naturally formed through atmospheric chemistry even if not directly emitted), there is also the potential that atmospheric levels and atmospheric chemistry are not adequately understood.� That avenue of investigation may provide important information that could be important in assessing formaldehyde health risk, source contribution, and ultimately regulatory criteria for gas-fired combustion sources.� In 2002 and 2003, the pipeline industry conducted turbine formaldehyde testing using refined FTIR methods and a dedicated measurement system, which indicated exhaust formaldehyde below 100 ppb and near the method detection limit.� Anecdotal data from that test program showed ambient levels similar to turbine exhaust in some cases.� For example, during the industry test program, a serendipitous finding observed that ambient formaldehyde concentrations varied and were independent of turbine operation.� Instead, naturally occurring emissions from an adjacent corn field appeared to spike the ambient concentration to levels higher than formaldehyde exhaust levels, depending on whether there was direct sunlight or shading from a cloud (i.e., due to �naturally occurring� formaldehyde from vegetation and/or other organics and ambient photochemistry that forms formaldehyde).� Evidence of �high� ambient formaldehyde levels (relative to turbine exhaust) would be a powerful counterargument to restrictive formaldehyde regulations. If ambient levels are similar to (or higher than) in-stack formaldehyde for turbines, then a NESHAP requiring catalytic control of turbine formaldehyde results in a significant burden without� environmental benefit, while also negatively impacting turbine efficiency and environmental impacts associated with catalyst construction, installation, operation, cleaning, and disposal.� Similarly, if ambient formaldehyde is significantly higher (in at least some circumstances) than currently available ambient data suggests, there could be implications for perceived formaldehyde risk and the basis, need for, and stringency of formaldehyde reductions from turbines or other combustion sources.� In a more far-reaching impact, ambient FTIR data could provide additional insights on atmospheric reactions that not only impact formaldehyde issues, but also ozone (and NOx control issues) because of the importance of formaldehyde and hydrocarbon chemistry in ambient ozone formation. These determinations are challenged by the ability to accurately measure formaldehyde at levels less than 100 parts per billion (ppbv).� Ambient measurements rely on �batch methods� subject to error (due to the inherent instability and reactivity of formaldehyde), and those methods do not provide real-time continuous results.� Extractive Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) methods were developed for combustion exhaust formaldehyde measurement, but measuring the ultra-low levels from turbines, commensurate with the NESHAP standard of 90 ppb, is challenging.� This project was intended assess ambient formaldehyde levels as compared to the NESHAP standard and acquire additional ambient measurement data using FTIR testing.
5
Avis, William. Technical Aspects of e-Waste Management. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.051.
Анотація:
Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on the technical aspects e-waste value chains. The report should be read in conjunction with two earlier reports on e-waste management1. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. The exact treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) can vary enormously according to the category of WEEE and technology that is used. Electrical and electronic items contain a wide variety of materials. As a result of this complex mix of product types and materials, some of which are hazardous (including arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and certain flame retardants) multiple approaches to WEEE are required, each with specific technical guidelines. This report is structured as follows: Section two provides an introduction to the technical aspects of e-waste management, including a reflection on the challenges and complexities of managing a range of product types involving a range of components and pollutants. Section three provides an annotated bibliography of key readings that discuss elements of the technical aspects of managing e-waste. This bibliography includes readings on national guidelines, training manuals and technical notes produced by the Basel convention and courses. WEEE recycling can be a complex and multifaced process. In order to manage e-waste effectively, the following must be in place Legislative and regulatory frameworks Waste Prevention and minimisation guidelines Identification of waste mechanisms Sampling, analysis and monitoring expertise Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage guidelines Environmentally sound disposal guidelines Management is further complicated by the speed of technological advance with technologies becoming redundant much sooner than initially planned. Case studies show that the average actual lifetimes of certain electronic products are at least 2.3 years shorter than either their designed or desired lifetimes.