Дисертації з теми "Dislocations dans les cristaux – Densité"
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El, Hajj Ahmad. "Analyse théorique et numérique de la dynamique des densités de dislocations." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0373.
Повний текст джерелаIbrahim, Hassan. "Analyse de systèmes parabolique/Hamilton-Jacobi modélisant la dynamique de densités de dislocations en domaine borné." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004186.
Повний текст джерелаDurinck, Julien. "Modélisation de la plasticité de la forsterite par calculs à l'échelle atomique et par dynamique des dislocations." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9fd43a9a-26ef-450b-93e3-5ad8c43033b0.
Повний текст джерелаNaamoun, Mehdi. "Mécanisme de formation et de propagation des dislocations au sein de diamant CVD monocristallin et développement de stratégies visant à réduire leur densité." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_naamoun.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this PhD thesis is to obtain single crystal diamond films with low dislocation density, prerequisite to their use in the field of power electronics. At first, the formation and propagation of these extended defects into single crystal diamond were studied. Two main sources of dislocations have been identified: (i) dislocations directly originating from the substrate (natural or HPHT diamond) that thread through the CVD layer, (ii) and dislocations formed at the HPHT-CVD interface. To eliminate defects of the second origin, surface treatments combining the ICP- RIE process (carried on the upper side) and H2/O2 plasma etching (on the back side and on the lateral faces of the sample) were proposed. Thus, thick CVD layers (> 300 μm) with a reduced defect density (around 104 per cm2) were obtained. To eliminate dislocations directly originating from the substrate, innovative techniques based on the one hand on selective masking of defects by metal particles and on the other hand by the macro and micro-structuration, were developed. Surface macro-structuration demonstrated the ability to change the direction of dislocation’s propagation towards the crystal edges. Selective masking (developed and patented during this PhD thesis) and micro-structuration techniques have shown the ability to reduce dislocation density by preventing them from propagating through the CVD crystal
Oussaily, Aya. "Étude théorique et numérique des systèmes modélisant la dynamique des densités des dislocations." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. https://bibliotheque.utc.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/2021COMP2634.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we are interested in the theoretical and numerical studies of dislocations densities. Dislocations are linear defects that move in crystals when those are subjected to exterior stress. More generally, the dynamics of dislocations densities are described by a system of transport equations where the velocity field depends non locally on the dislocations densities. First, we are interested in the study of a one dimensional submodel of a (2 × 2) Hamilton-Jacobi system introduced by Groma and Balogh in 1999, proposed in the two dimensional case. For this system, we prove global existence and uniqueness results. Adding to that, considering nondecreasing initial data, we study this problem numerically by proposing a finite difference implicit scheme for which we show the convergence. Then, inspired by the first work, we show a more general theory which allows us to get similar results of existence and uniqueness of solution in the case of one dimensional eikonal systems. By considering nondecreasing initial data, we study this problem numerically. Under certain conditions on the velocity, we propose a finite difference implicit scheme allowing us to calculate the discrete solution and simulate then the dislocations dynamics via this model
Christiaen, Benjamin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation d’alliage de zirconium sous irradiation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R008/document.
Повний текст джерелаZirconium alloys are used to manufacture fuel cladding as well as fuel assemblies of pressurized water nuclear reactors. Under irradiation, they show a dimensional change commonly called growth. Experimental observations have shown that above a threshold dose, these alloys are subject to accelerated growth called "breakaway". It has been well established that the irradiation formation of and dislocation loops is directly responsible for the growth of irradiated zirconium alloys and that the appearance of loops is correlated with this growth acceleration. However, the nucleation mechanisms of the loops that seem to be influenced by the presence of alloying elements are still poorly understood. In order to improve our understanding, a multi-scale modelling approach has been used to simulate the evolution of zirconium microstructure under irradiation. Atomic-scale calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and empirical potentials are used to determine the properties of clusters of point defects (dislocation loops, cavities, pyramids of stacking faults). The results obtained are then used as input parameters of an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) code which allows us to simulate the microstructure evolution of the material under irradiation. Our results show that it is necessary to consider an anisotropic migration of the vacancies to predict the growth acceleration
Madec, Ronan. "Des intersections entre dislocations à la plasticité du monocristal CFC : étude par dynamique des dislocations." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112239.
Повний текст джерелаA new three-dimensional simulation of dislocation dynamics and interactions bas been designed with the objective of investigating the plasticity of FCC single crystals from a physical viewpoint. In this "Mixed model" the line character is discretised into screw, edge and mixed orientations, which allows in particular to perform an accurate description of the formation and destruction of junctions between dislocations. In addition, periodic boundary conditions are included, which allows to obtain a balance of dislocation fluxes in the simulated volume and a realistic description of the dislocation densities. The first applications were concerned with plastic flow in FCC single crystals. The scaling law of the forest model and the average strength of secant obstacles were obtained without any fitting parameter. Then, the specific contribution of each different interaction between glide systems was measured. The corresponding strengths are rather uneven. Dipolar interactions are weak, while junctions constitute on the whole strong obstacles as expected. The interaction between one slip system and its cross-slipped system, which bas been largely ignored until now, appears to be the strongest. This surprising result calls for an exhaustive study. Indeed, it may bring new answers to pending questions related to the formation of patterned microstructures and the relative contribution of diagonal and cross coefficients in the hardening matrix
Haziot, Ariel. "Mouvement des dislocations dans l’hélium-4." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066092.
Повний текст джерелаWe have shown that the shear modulus of Helium-4 single crystals is highly reduced in one particular direction if their dislocations are free to move. This "Giant Plasticity'' occurs at low enough temperature where thermal phonons disappear and probably down to absolute zero if Helium-3 impurities are suppressed. By studying single crystals with various orientations, we have identified the gliding plane of the dislocations: it is the basal plane of the hcp structure. We found no dissipation in the giant plasticity region and a linear elastic behavior for single crystals down to 10 mK and nanobar stresses. This suggests that dislocations are strings moving freely with no measurable Peierls barriers to overcome, as assumed in the Granato-Lücke theory. We have also demonstrated that the dissipation occurring at higher temperature is due to collisions with thermal phonons. It allowed us to measure precisely the dislocation densities (10^4 to 10^6 cm^-2 depending on crystal quality) and lengths (50 to 200 micron) and to show that these dislocations are grouped in sub-boundaries, consequently poorly connected. These results rule out most existing scenarios for a possible supersolidity of solid Helium-4. A last series of experiments gave us the evidence for a critical dislocation speed under which the impurities bound to the dislocations can follow their motion. A comparison with classical crystals is interesting
Oswald, Patrick. "Dynamique des dislocations dans les smectiques A et B." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112137.
Повний текст джерелаWe describe some plasticity experiments which point out the influence of dislocations in the lamellar phases smectic A and B. A first creep experiment in compression normal to the layers shows that in a smectic A, the distortion grows by the climb of the included edge dislocations rather than by molecular diffusion from the solid edges to the free surface. A second experiment of stress relaxation performed in the same conditions, reveals the existence, beyond a well defined stress threshold, of a sequence of screw dislocations helical instabilities. Compared with the theoritical models, these results provide information on the dislocations : elastic interactions, lime tension, core energy, mobility. In the case of dilation the situation is more complicated : an undulation instability of the layers occurs very early, it is rapidly followed by the nucleation of focal parabolae. We describe the sequence of instabilities in a large range of deformations as well as the mechanical anomalies associated to it. Finally we describe how, in a smectic A phase, the screw dislocations and the focal domains may interact and partially slow down a flow parallel to the layers. The smectic lubrification effect is also discussed and a measurement method of the viscosity, with one “floating” sample limiting slide, is presented. In a smectic B phase, two creep experiments of compression and shearing are described. They reveal a very high plastic anisotropy of this compound. We analyse it in terms of dislocations in the light of classical metallurgic models (creep by vacancy diffusion and activated dislocation glide). These results explain the occurrence of an undulation instability of the layers of a B phase, similar to what we observed in the A phase, but with much slower dynamics
Taupin, Vincent Fressengeas Claude. "Incompatibilité de réseau et organisation collective des dislocations." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2007/Taupin.Vincent.SMZ0725.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCoupeau, Christophe. "Etude in situ de la déformation plastique par microscopie à force atomique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2255.
Повний текст джерелаFivel, Marc. "Etudes numériques à différentes échelles de la déformation plastique des monocristaux de structure CFC." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0130.
Повний текст джерелаMariani, Jean-Luc. "Etude de l'activité recombinante des dislocations dans le silicium FZ et CZ." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30017.
Повний текст джерелаKluender, Rafael. "Mesures en trois dimensions des distorsions cristallines par imagerie en diffraction de Bragg : application aux cristaux de glace." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635598.
Повний текст джерелаZafrany, Michael. "Contribution à l'étude des dislocations dans InP dopé et non dopé." Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0024.
Повний текст джерелаDeschamps, Julein. "Directions de croissance et morphologie des microstructures en solidification cristalline directionnelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11052.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis adresses the implications of anisotropy induced by rough interface growth in directional solidification. They notably include variable growth directions and dramatic morphological effects such as asymmetry, set of very large sidebranches and instabilities. The study is first focused on homogeneous structures before being widened to inhomogeneous situations. As the growth velocity increases, the growth direction of dendrites turns from a macroscopic direction given by the thermal gradient to a microscopic direction prescribed by the crystalline symmetries. Their exhaustive experimental study has provided here a large number of data whose analysis reveals an internal symmetry. This symmetry leads to the selection of an orientation's law that is function of the Peclet number and of the angular distance between the fixed directions (thermal gradient and anisotropy). However, a new definition of the characteristic size of the growth structures has led the relative orientation of dendrites to only depend on the Peclet number and to be made independant of the angle between the two prescribed directions. This new law is universal since it is no longer parametrized by the intensity of the thermal gradient, the anisotropy features and the nature of the solidified alloy. Finally, the results obtained on homogeneous fronts are locally applied to inhomogeneous fronts. This enables the understanding of the dynamics implied by the variations of structure size, thermal gradient orientation and thermal gradient intensity
Taisne, Aude. "Interaction "dislocations/interfaces" dans des bicristaux d'acier austénoferritique : rôle de l'hydrogène sur les défauts." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112305.
Повний текст джерелаInternal interfaces are sites at which stress concentrations build-up and possibly relax during deformation. Thus, the interaction mechanisms of lattice dislocations with interphase boundaries and the interfacial stress accommodation processes must be investigated at a microscopic level in order to understand and possibly control the material behavior under mechanical solicitation. The microscopic study of the deformation performed on α/γ bicrystals, has two goals : 1) to determine the influence of the orientation relationship between crystals 2) to investigate the role in the deformation micromechanisms of the position of the notch made in the α-phase or in the γ-phase. This study has been made by using the combination of transmission electron microscopy techniques assisted by image contrast simulation. While only geometry determines the type of dislocation transfer, "direct" or "indirect", in grain boundaries, intrinsic elastic properties of the two phases play an important role in interface interphase processes. .
François, Armelle. "Effet de la température sur la structure de coeur des dislocations dans les intermétalliques DO : aspects expérimentaux et théoriques /." Châtillon : Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35549511z.
Повний текст джерелаDevincre, Benoît. "Simulations de la dynamique des dislocations à une échelle mésoscopique : une étude de la déformation plastique /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Service de documentation et d'édition multimédia, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357143426.
Повний текст джерелаMariani, Gabrielle. "Interactions dislocations-défauts ponctuels dans le silicium monocristallin : quantification de l'effet de puits des dislocations sur les auto-interstitiels par diffusion de l'or." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30004.
Повний текст джерелаBoulogne, Bruno. "Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission et spectroscopie infrarouge des défauts de réseau dans la berlinite AlPO4." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10221.
Повний текст джерелаSqalli, Houssaini Abderrahim. "Champs thermiques et mécaniques induits par le mouvement des dislocations." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Sqalli_Houssaini.Abderrahim.SMZ9605.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of the modelling of materials behaviors, it is difficult to ignore the irreversible processes. These processes are inseparably connected with inelastic or anelastic deformations and therefore with intrinsic dissipation which leads to an overheating of the solid. In practice, these deformations are associated with the propagation of the lattice defects. A thermodynamical analysis of this phenomena shows that the heat source may be represented by the motion of defects causing an important thermal gradient. In this work, we treated the dissipative effects and the thermoelastic coupling mechanisms associated with the moving dislocations. This is done in a general framework but is used to study the thermomechanical effects of the steady-state quasi-static motion of a straight edge dislocations in an elastic medium. To analyse the thermomechanical effects associated with the moving dislocations, we used the irreversible thermodynamic process. We shown that the existence of a moving dislocation in a medium behaves likes a moving and dissipative straight heat source. This source generates a thermal variations which in turn generate thermal strains and stresses. The analysis of these fields shows that the thermomechanical coupling caused by the moving dislocation remains negligible. Nevertheless, the extension of this study to a situation of a large number of dislocations like a shear band allowed to obtain an important thermal effect. Morever, the thermodynamical study permitted to introduce a thermodynamical force associated with the moving dislocation. The calcul of this force from the different thermomechanical fields introduced by the presence and movement of the dislocation allowed to establish that whatever the speed of the dislocation and the radius of her core, this force is exactly the Peach and Koehler one and it's never due to the proper thermomechanical fields of the straight edge dislocation
Chemini, Rachida. "Analyse des mécanismes d'attrition dans un cristallisoir. Discrimination des chocs cristaux, parois par un test." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT017G.
Повний текст джерелаScandian, Cherlio. "Conditions d'émission et de multiplication des dislocations à l'extrémité d'une fissure : application au cas du silicium." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL022N.
Повний текст джерелаBelabbas, Imad. "Simulation à l’échelle atomique des cœurs de dislocations dans le nitrure de gallium." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2009.
Повний текст джерелаIn the state of art of atomistic simulations, we have investigated energetics, atomic and electronic structures of different core configurations of prismatic and basal dislocations in wurtzite GaN. For that purpose, we have used three different methods: ab-initio DFT, tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) and an empirical potential (Modified Stillinger-Weber). We have provided the first atomistic models for the mixed dislocation core, where the configuration with a double 5/6-atoms ring corresponds to the structure already observed by Z-contrast imaging. We have also proposed, for the screw dislocation, a new core configuration, with a double 6-atoms ring, which is more energetically favourable than the configuration, with a single 6-atoms ring, known up to now. For this dislocation, we have, moreover, shown the presence of extended channels running along the core that may be at the origin of leakage currents, usually observed in GaN based devices. In case of basal dislocations, we have demonstrated for screw dislocations that the most energetically favourable core configuration belongs to the shuffle set, while a complete reconstruction of dangling bonds at the core of glide configurations do not lead necessarily to a lowering in core energy. For the mixed 60° dislocation, we have shown that the most energetically favourable core belongs to the glide set and possesses nitrogen polarity. A shuffle configuration with a complex 5/8/5-atoms ring structure, that contains wrong bonds, was found to be energetically favourable for the edge dislocation. This configuration is expected to result from a 90° bending of a screw dislocation with a double 6-atoms ring core during an ELO growth. All the core configurations of the edge dislocation were found to exhibit a large stress field. This may be a driving force for contamination of GaN layers grown by ELO with Si and O atoms which form the mask
Taupin, Vincent. "Incompatibilité du réseau cristallin et organisation collective des dislocations." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ025S/document.
Повний текст джерелаA field dislocation theory was studied in various plasticity problems where the dislocation distribution involves internal stresses of the order of applied stress field. This theory couples the dynamics of statistical and excess dislocation densities. The latter accommodate plastic distortion gradients and generate internal stress fields. A 2D model was introduced. As a first application, it reproduced the intermittency of plasticity. This phenomenon is linked to internal stresses which, associated with transport equation, lead to a collective movement of dislocations, in the form of fast and localized avalanches. The model then described the torsion creep of ice single crystals. Excess basal screw dislocations accommodate its deformation. A softening size effect with decreasing radius and the original behavior in reversed torsion were also reproduced. The model then studied the evolution of dislocation structures during the aging of ice single crystals deformed in compression creep. Internal stresses relaxation increase creep rate while dislocation structure annihilation remains negligible. The model finally showed that internal stresses generated during the propagation of a Lüders band in mild steels avoid the nucleation of a new band after aging if the sense of straining is reversed. Internal stresses, associated with transport equation, are responsible for band propagation
Mompiou, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de la plasticité des quasi-cristaux icosaèdriques AlPdMn et AlCuFe." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30058.
Повний текст джерелаMahendran, Srinivasan. "Modélisation numérique des propriétés de coeurs de dislocations dans l’Olivine (Mg2SiO4)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R014/document.
Повний текст джерелаIt is widely accepted that the dissipation of heat from the core to the surface of the Earth through a thermally insulating mantle is only possible by convection process. Mantle convection is responsible for a large number of geological activities that occur on the surface of the Earth such as plate tectonic, volcanism, etc. It involves plastic deformation of mantle minerals. In Earth’s interior, the outer most layer beneath the thin crust is the upper mantle. One of the most common mineral found in the upper mantle is the olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Knowledge of the deformation mechanisms of olivine is important for the understanding of flow and seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. The experimental studies on the plastic deformation of olivine highlighting the importance of dislocations of Burgers vector [100] and [001]. In this work, we report a numerical modelling at the atomic scale of dislocation core structures and slip system properties in forsterite, at pressures relevant to the upper mantle condition. Computations are performed using the THB1 empirical potential and molecular statics. The energy landscapes associated with the dislocation mobility are computed with the help of nudge elastic band calculations. Therefore, with this work, we were able to predict the different possible dislocation core structures and some of their intrinsic properties. In particular, we show that at ambient pressure [100](010) and [001]{110} correspond to the primary slip systems of forsterite. Moreover, we propose an explanation for the “pencil glide” mechanism based on the occurrence of several dislocation core configurations for the screw dislocation of [100] Burgers vector
Fournet, René. "Etude de la formation de structures dislocatives dans des monocristaux sous contraintes mécaniques : approches analytique et numérique." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOS050.
Повний текст джерелаNogaret, Thomas. "Approche multi-échelle des mécanismes de plasticité des aciers austénitiques irradiés." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0174.
Повний текст джерелаPlasticity mechanisms in irradiated austenitic steels were studied thanks to a multi-scale modelling approach. The study at the nano scale of interaction mechanisms between dislocations and irradiation defects by Molecular Dynamics showed that edge and screw dislocations behave differently in presence of irradiation defects: screw dislocations absorb the defects whereas edge dislocations shear them. This difference of behaviour was reproduced with fidelity into a Dislocation Dynamics code in order to study at the micro scale the formation of "clear bands" (defect free shear bands) by mobile dislocations. The simulations allowed determining the clearing and broadening pro cesses of clear bands and showed the importance of collective effects between dislocations in clear band formation
Poulain, Agnieszka. "Recherche expérimentale de la distribution de la densité électronique dans les cristaux de 4-nitro-imidazolés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0025/document.
Повний текст джерелаGoerbig, Mark Oliver. "Etude théorique des phases de densité inhomogène dans les systèmes à effet Hall quantique." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112109.
Повний текст джерелаThe issue of this thesis is the study of the different electron-solid and quantum-liquid phases, which are found in two-dimensional electron systems under a perpendicular magnetic field. The formation of these phases is due to the strong Coulomb repulsion between the electrons of a partially filled Landau level. The energy calculations of the thesis allow one to understand recent experimental investigations, which have revealed a non-monotonic behaviour of the transverse (Hall) resistance. This effect is due to multiple first-order transitions between the competing phases. The derivation of a model of interacting composite fermions - the quasiparticles responsible for the fractional quantum Hall effect - furthermore allows for the study of new phases, which occur at high magnetic fields. Most saliently, a recently observed fractional quantum Hall effect at unusual values of the field has been identified as the manifestation of a second generation of composite fermions
Raujol, Sonia. "Influence du vieillissement sur le comportement en fluage d'un superalliage pour disques d'une turbine." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0015.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of the national project called «Future Supersonic Transport Airplane» concerns the creation of a successor for Concorde able to have a life time four times longer and an increase of the aeroengine output. A new powder metallurgy superalloy called NR3, developed at ONERA, was then elaborated at SNECMA to be used for turbine disks in order to resist the new real working conditions. They are defined by a creep deformation near 700°C under 300 MPa during 20. 000 hours and the long time maintenance, at such a temperature, of this two-phase alloy, inducing a microstructural change negative for the mechanical properties must be understood. The aim of our work is to study, after different thermal treatments, the evolution of the deformation micro-mechanisms during this microstructural ageing, in order to deduce its impact on the creep resistance of the alloy. Several different experimental techniques were used at different scales: macroscopic creep tests, post mortem and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EDX spectroscopy. Finally, a particular emphasis is made on the decrease of the population of the smallest “tertiary” precipitates during ageing. Their important role is revealed by TEM observations through the evolution of the micro-mechanisms responsible for the deformation. It is clearly demonstrated that their dimension, the channel width between them, their chemistry and the quality of their order control at this temperature the variation of the creep resistance of the alloy
Cheneau-Späth, Nadine. "Comportement de monocristaux et de polycristaux de métaux hexagonaux en grandes déformations plastiques : compression plane du titane et du magnésium." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG4201.
Повний текст джерелаBrien, Valérie. "Étude par miscroscopie [sic] électronique en transmission des mécanismes de déformation d'un superalliage à base de nickel en fatigue oligocyclique à haute température /." Châtillon : ONERA, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358030365.
Повний текст джерелаLohonka, Radek. "Plasticity of the compound semiconductors at low temperatures : modelling of the uniaxial compression and indentation tests." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0013.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the plastic behaviour of compound semiconductors in the low temperature--high stress regime. Compressive stress-strain curves are calculated with models based on the formalisms of Alexander-Haasen or Schoeck extended to include simple glide/multiglide and one/three types of perfect dislocations with different mobilities. The impossibility to describe the crystal plasticity below some temperature with the available dislocation velocities data suggests a change in the controlling microscopic mechanisms. The negative photoplastic effect in GaAs is simulated. Modelling the response of the crystal to Vickers indentation is performed using elastic analytical expressions for the stress tensor: the stress distribution can be considered as nearly spherical although the plastic zone is far from it. Early stages of the formation of the plastic zone are described with the continuum crystal plasticity theory implementing the constitutive laws into the finite element method
Ritterbex, Sebastian. "Modelling the plasticity of wadsleyite and ringwoodite : on the motion of dislocations in the Earth's transition zone." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10049/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe transition zone is the region in the Earth's mantle between 410 and 660 km depth that separates the upper from the lower mantle. In spite of its small volume, it may play a role in constraining the style, vigour and scale of global mantle convection through, for instance, the fate of subducting slabs. Mantle convection is governed by plastic flow that occurs through the motion of crystal defects. Line defects or dislocations are considered to be one of the most efficient defects contributing to intracrystalline deformation. That is why in this work, we concentrate on the motion of dislocations in relation to the major phases of the mantle transition zone: wadsleyite and ringwoodite. A theoretical mineral physics approach is used to model the thermally activated glide motion of dislocations at appropriate pressure conditions in both high-pressure polymorphs of olivine. The intrinsic properties of dislocation core structures are modelled and parametrized by atomic scale calculations to take into account the effect of pressure on atomic bonding. Plastic deformation is finally described by taking into account the instrinsic strain rate dependence on the mobility of the defects.Since plastic deformation by the motion of dislocations is associated with creep, we use the above results and a climb mobility law to address the effective creep process in wadsleyite and ringwoodite under natural conditions. We show the inefficiency of dislocation glide as a strain producing deformation mechanism and suggest the potential importance of pure climb creep in the main minerals constituting the Earth's transition zone. This would imply the mantle transition zone to be rheologically distinct from the upper mantle
Monier, Vanessa. "Etude des défauts cristallins dans le silicium par diffusion de la lumière." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30056.
Повний текст джерелаThe on-going quality improvement of Silicon-On-Insulator wafers motivates further development of Laser Scattering Tomography (LST). This technique enables the investigation of oxygen precipitates and dislocations in silicon by means of infra-red light scattering. After evaluating the LST capability for the investigation of statistical populations of oxygen precipitates, the characterisation of individual precipitates was addressed. The size of specific oxygen precipitates was accurately monitored during their growth for different temperatures and defect morphologies. In the second part of this work, the theory of light scattering by a dislocation was adapted to the silicon case. This development combined with the tomography and polarization LST options makes it possible the complete characterisation of non-decorated dislocation slip systems. The discrimination of decorated vs. Non-decorated dislocations is also achievable by LST
Sansal, Christophe de. "Plasticité et effet de taille dans les polycristaux à grains micrométriques : simulations mésoscopiques et modélisation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1042.
Повний текст джерелаPillon, Laurianne. "Modélisations du mouvement instationnaire et des interactions de dislocations." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066353.
Повний текст джерелаPerrin, Camille. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des microstructures de déformation plastique intragranulaires discrètes." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ030S/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe improvement of the materials characterization techniques in the last years has given access to new important information about the microstructure of polycrystalline metals. From experimental studies of deformed polycrystals, plastic strain within grains is known to be strongly heterogeneous and intermittent. As a consequence of the collective motion of dislocations, sample surfaces are indeed characterized by the presence of slip lines and slip bands (as slip traces). In the present study, a new micromechanical approach is developed to derive the mechanical fields (stresses, distortion, lattice curvature, elastic energy) arising from the presence of an inelastic strain field representing a typical internal "microstructure" as the one observed during the plastification of metallic polycrystals. This "microstructure" is due to the formation of discrete (spatial-temporal) intra-granular plastic slip heterogeneities which are modelled using discrete distributions of circular glide dislocation loops for a grain embedded in an infinite elastic matrix. Then, field equations have been solved using the method of Fourier Transforms. In contrast with the mean field approach based on the Eshelby formalism, it is then found that stress and lattice curvature fields are not more uniform inside the grain. A grain boundary layer actually appears where strong gradients occur and whose thickness depends on the introduced internal lengths. These results are compared with experimental measurements of local lattice rotation fields obtained by orientation imaging mapping (OIM). The model is able to capture different behaviours between near grain boundary regions and grain interior. The model was also develop to allow the study of more complex microstructures like the dislocation cells
Putero, Magali. "Premiers stades de la relaxation plastique dans les hétérostructures à très faible désaccord de paramètre." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30009.
Повний текст джерелаDeghoul, Ferhat. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des ions Cr4+ et Mn5+ dans des cristaux à potentialité laser." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10181.
Повний текст джерелаSlimani, Abdelwahab. "Etude par émission acoustique de la déformation cyclique de polycristaux d'aluminium 5N sollicités en traction-compression." Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0015.
Повний текст джерелаArizmendi, David. "Simulation numérique par la méthode des éléments finis, de la déformation plastique des cristaux à structure cubique centrée en utilisant un modèle basé sur les mécanismes physiques de la plasticité cristalline." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132052.
Повний текст джерелаLoumaid, Abdellah. "Contribution à l'étude des défauts dans les solides moléculaires cas du naphtalène monocristallin : figures d'attaque hétérodiffusion du naphtol-2." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10526.
Повний текст джерелаBougrioua, Fatiha. "Contribution à létude des propriétés structurales et diéléctriques des phases liquides cristallines TGBA et TGBC." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10159.
Повний текст джерелаHildenbrand, Alain. "Recristallisation dynamique dans les matériaux cubiques centrés : simulation et application à sa mise en évidence dans les bandes de cisaillement adiabatique." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Hildenbrand.Alain.SMZ9839.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs during plastic deformation at high temperatures. Its interest is in the modification of the shape, the size and the orientation of the grains. It takes place under certain conditions, i. E. During hot forming processes (rolling, deep drawing) or when the strain rate is high (in adiabatic shear bands) or even in rocks and ice. It is therefore essential ta be able to predict the occurrence and the development of this phenomenon. The simulation too1, which was developed, is based on a self-consistent code, which uses the volume transfer scheme. This approach has been validated by the comparison between simulations and experiments carried out on a Ti IF steel. A scalar parameter [alpha] which was based on finite element results, has been introduced into the self-consistent interaction law. By varying ex, a parametric study has been carried out. The effect of other parameter, like the type of recrystallization (Orientcd nucleation and growth or Selective growth), the Euler space discretisation and the boundary conditions (Self-consistent or Taylor model) were also studied. The experimental part is about the verification of Occurrence of DRX in adiabatic shear bands. The SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscope) and the EBSD (Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction) were employed to study the crystallographic textures in a narrow zone which is the shear band. The comparisons of the experimental textures with previous simulations prove the occurrence of DRX. The results obtained in simulations are useful in the understanding of the propagation of adiabatic shear bands
Kraych, Antoine. "Modélisation à l’échelle atomique du rôle des dislocations dans la déformation de la bridgmanite." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10091/document.
Повний текст джерелаHeat transfer through the mantle is carried by convection, which involves plastic flow of the mantle constituents. In this study, we model the mobility of dislocations, and their role in the plastic deformation of bridgmanite, the most abundant constituent of the lower mantle. The dislocation structures at the atomic scale control their mobility, and hence their influence on the material’s deformation. We determine the structure of dislocations at pressure relevant for the lower mantle, by modeling these defects at the atomic scale with molecular static calculations. The thermally-activated mechanism of dislocation glide in bridgmanite, the kink-pair nucleation, is assessed by coupling a continuous model to the fundamental properties of dislocations. These results allow to estimate the glide velocity of dislocations, as a function of pressure and temperature. The model is able to reproduce the yield stress measured in laboratory deformation experiments. The model is also able to estimate the stress level needed to deform bridgmanite by dislocation glide at mantle conditions, and allows us to discuss their role in the deformation of the Earth’s lower mantle
Metsue, Arnaud. "Modélisation des structures de coeurs des dislocations dans les minéraux du manteau terrestre à l’aide du modèle de Peierls-Nabarro." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10001/document.
Повний текст джерелаPlastic deformation of minerals in rocks plays an important role in the global convection of the Earth’s mantle. However, the deformation mechanisms of minerals are not well-known. In general, plastic deformation is due to the dislocation motion. The dislocations are linear defects of the crystal. The mobility of the dislocation is governed by the dislocation core structure.Here, we used the Peierls-Nabarro model that is a theoretical model to address the issue of dislocation core modelling. This model provides also the lattice friction of the crystal against the dislocation motion through the calculation of the Peierls stress. Developed more than 50 years, the model has a great interest since the 70’s with the introduction of the generalized stacking fault (GSF) concept that provides a general description of the dislocation core. The determination of the GSF consists in the calculations of energy barriers associated with the shearing of the crystal in a crystallographic plane in one or more directions. In this study, we have determined the dislocation core structures of the post-perovskite phase present at the core-mantle boundary and of the wadsleyite, diopside and forsterite, major minerals from the crust to 510Km deep. We used the one-dimension formulation of the Peierls-Nabarro model in a first time that has been extended to three dimensions in order to model much more complex dislocation cores