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1
Park, Jinhee, and Soo Jung Chang. "Effect of Skin Disinfection according to the Disinfection Frequency in Peripheral Intravenous Therapy." Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing 27, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2020.27.4.366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: For this study the effect of skin disinfection according to the disinfection frequency in peripheral intravenous therapy was examined.Methods: One hundred and twenty skin disinfections, three sections on the right forearm and three sections on the left forearm, were performed on each of 20 seniors in the school of nursing, and 240 microbial cultures were performed before and after the skin disinfection at each site. Single-use sterile packaged 83% alcohol cotton was used to disinfect. The skin was disinfected once, twice, or three times for 5 seconds per session and then allowed to dry for one minute. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE).Results: There was no significant difference in the number of microbial colonies by the number of disinfections (<i>p</i>=.599) as well as the number of microbial colonies among those disinfected the same number of times (<i>p</i>=.440). However, the number of microbial colonies after disinfection was significantly lower than that before disinfection (<i>p</i><.001). The interaction effect, which was the difference in the decrease of microbial colonies by the number of disinfections, was not significant (<i>p</i>=.101).Conclusion: Prior to peripheral intravenous injection, disinfecting the skin once for five seconds with an 83% alcohol swab was as effective as disinfecting it twice for 10 seconds or three times for 15 seconds. Therefore, disinfecting the skin thoroughly for 5 seconds or more with an 83% alcohol cotton swab is sufficient for peripheral vein injections in the clinical field.
2
Yao, Yanyan, Yoshinobu Kubota, Taketoshi Murakami, Tsuyoshi Ochiai, Hitoshi Ishiguro, Kazuya Nakata, and Akira Fujishima. "Electrochemical inactivation kinetics of boron-doped diamond electrode on waterborne pathogens." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 3 (April 23, 2011): 534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was constructed as a water disinfector for the inactivation of water borne pathogens. The bactericidal effect of the disinfector was evaluated on artificially contaminated waters containing, respectively, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila at high density. By treating the bacterial suspensions with 4 V of constant voltage between the BDD and the counter-electrode for 50 min, the population of E. coli and P. aeruginosa decreased from (10E + 7–8 colony-forming unit mL−1) to below the detection limits of the colony-formation method. Meanwhile, L. pneumophila were reduced to virtually zero when analyzed by fluorescence-based staining. The influences of production parameters (voltage, NaCl concentration and flow rate) on the disinfection kinetics of the BDD disinfector were examined with respect to operational conditions. Voltage was the most significant factor for adjusting the extent of electrolysis, followed by NaCl concentration and flow rate, to influence the disinfection efficiency. The disinfection of natural river water samples containing numerous microbes was performed for a practicability investigation of the BDD electrode. Approximately 99.99% bactericidal efficiency was confirmed by viability detection for E. coli and common germs in treated water. The results showed that the BDD electrode is a promising tool for various wastewater disinfections to combat waterborne diseases.
3
Kozak, Sergey S., Ilia F. Radayev, and Yulia A. Kozaк. "«TM-FORMODEZ» DISINFECTOR USAGE IN SANITARY POULTRY SLAUGHTERING DEPARTMENT." Problems of veterinary sanitation, hygiene and ecology 2, no. 46 (2023): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202302005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results have been given of «TM-Formodez» («TMF») disinfector disinfecting properties investigation. It has been shown that 0.6% «TMF» solution using for disinfection of premises, equipment, packages and transports is effective with 20°C solution temperature and 20 min. exposition and solution consumption norm 0.5 l/m2. This treatment decreases QMAFAnM to normative indicators and inactivates E. coli.
4
Tuleshov, Amandyk, Nutpulla Jamalov, Nurbibi Imanbayeva, and Ayaulym Rakhmatulina. "Design and construction of a multifunctional disinfection robot." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 1 (115) (January 26, 2022): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.252045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes a robot designed for automated routine or emergency disinfection in closed premises. The robot is related to the combined type robots. The robot consists of two functional parts: a universal mobile platform (lower part) and a disinfector (upper part), which, if necessary, can be freely moved by personnel on 4 wheels. In the initial position, the upper part of the disinfection robot is at the charging station. The mobile robot drives up to the disinfector, «hooks» it (puts it on itself) and moves along the planned route. The upper part of the disinfector will have its own independent intelligent system, separate from the mobile robot, which, when a person is recognized, stops liquid disinfection: in this case, the UV lamps turn through 180°, the cylindrical body closes and ventilation of the disinfected air from the enclosed space is turned on. In addition, liquid disinfection is only enabled when detecting beds, tables and chairs. With the spray nozzles located at a height of 400 mm, the disinfector can carry out a simultaneous combined treatment of rooms with equipment and furniture, including high-quality processing of the lower surfaces of tables, chairs and beds. To improve the functional characteristics of robotic disinfectors and to simplify their design, a multifunctional robotic disinfector has been proposed. It was found that the result is achieved by the fact that in a multifunctional disinfection robot containing a mobile cart with an autonomous positioning and navigation system, a disinfection platform with a disinfection liquid spraying system and UV lamps with reflectors installed on it, the disinfection platform will have its own autonomous control and power systems.
5
Wang, Siyu. "Research and Design of Intelligent Anti-epidemic Disinfection Robot Based on ROS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2562, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2562/1/012050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the context of the global epidemic of COVID-19, in order to solve the problems of heavy disinfection and epidemic prevention tasks in densely populated indoor public places and a low degree of automation and intelligence, a smart anti-epidemic disinfection robot solution that integrates multiple disinfection methods is proposed. The solution is designed and developed based on the open-source robot operating system (ROS) with digital intelligent remote disinfection function, micron-level atomization disinfection function, and multi-angle ultraviolet light disinfection function, providing a full range of high-efficiency disinfection and disinfection for the air environment bacteria protection. It has the functions of autonomous positioning and navigation, intelligent path planning, and real-time perception of environmental parameters. It is also equipped with a remote monitoring platform to monitor the status of the disinfection robot itself and task execution in real time to ensure stable operation and to issue disinfection tasks at regular intervals or in certain areas. The practice has proved that this solution can effectively solve the problem of the high labor cost of manual disinfecting so that one person can quickly complete the whole-area disinfecting work, greatly improving work efficiency, and it has good application value and is worth promoting.
6
冯, 丽燕. "Comparison of Disinfection Machine Procedures and Different Regular Disinfections on Disinfection Effect." Nursing Science 05, no. 02 (2016): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ns.2016.52004.
Повний текст джерела
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Kriš, J., K. Munka, E. Büchlerová, M. Karácsonyová, and L. Gajdoš. "Chlorine dioxide disinfection by-products in the Nová Bystrica-Čadca-Žilina long distance water supply system." Water Supply 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a process of water disinfection it is necessary to distinguish between primary disinfection focused on removal or inactivation of microbiological contaminants from raw water, and secondary disinfection focused on maintenance of residual concentration of the disinfector in distribution system. Current practice related to disinfection follows two approaches. The paper presents results from a stage task solution “Research of physical-chemical changes in water quality during its distribution” at the Nová Bystrica-Čadca-Žilina long distance water supply system (LDWSS) focused on the presence of disinfection by-products by using chlorine dioxide.
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Buhl, Sebastian, Alexander Stich, Dario Clos, and Clemens Bulitta. "Cold plasma as a fast acting alternative disinfection method." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Cold plasma disinfection is a cost-efficient and, above all, fast way of disinfecting even complex products. There are already approaches where plasma disinfection is used for wound treatment or hand disinfection. The ionization of a gas results in a number of physical and chemical processes that have a damaging effect on microorganisms. Especially in the field of medical device reprocessing, a tool that can reliably disinfect even very complex products in a short time would be a great asset. In this work, the potential of a newly developed cold plasma disinfection device was tested for the reduction of microbiological contamination and thus the disinfecting effect. In order to examine this microbiological reduction 3D printed scaffolds with contaminated test plates were used. This was done with different concentrations of the bacteria in the cold plasma disinfection process to determine the maximum germ reduction effect. In a first test run, the maximum effect of germ reduction was achieved with log 3.6. By making further changes and increasing the disinfection cycles, it was possible to increase the germ reduction to log 4.7. If these values are confirmed and can be improved by further modifications (e.g. increasing the plasma concentration), cold plasma technology represents a very good alternative to conventional disinfection methods.
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Hao, Li Mei, та Hai Quan Jia. "The Study on Neutralizers of ε-Polylysine". Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (травень 2012): 2463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the research of bio-disinfector, it needs neutralizers to eliminate the antibacterial activity of disinfector during the disinfection experiment. But there was no report about the appropriate neutralizer of antibacterial peptides. In this paper, we study the neutralizer suitable for ε-polylysine by using the orthogonal design and optimize the combination of neutralizers. Then we performed the checkup experiment of neutralizer according to the method listed in Disinfection Technology Standard. Finally we successfully obtain the right neutralizer of ε-polylysine which is the combination of 0.5 M BSA and 0.5 M K2HPO4, This can provide a convenience for researchers to evaluate the disinfection effect of disinfector whose main component is ε-polylysine.
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Prakash, Jai, Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna, Promod Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Kalyan S. Ghosh, Hendrik C. Swart, Stefano Bellucci, and Junghyun Cho. "Recent Advances on Metal Oxide Based Nano-Photocatalysts as Potential Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12091047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Photocatalysis, a unique process that occurs in the presence of light radiation, can potentially be utilized to control environmental pollution, and improve the health of society. Photocatalytic removal, or disinfection, of chemical and biological species has been known for decades; however, its extension to indoor environments in public places has always been challenging. Many efforts have been made in this direction in the last two–three years since the COVID-19 pandemic started. Furthermore, the development of efficient photocatalytic nanomaterials through modifications to improve their photoactivity under ambient conditions for fighting with such a pandemic situation is a high research priority. In recent years, several metal oxides-based nano-photocatalysts have been designed to work efficiently in outdoor and indoor environments for the photocatalytic disinfection of biological species. The present review briefly discusses the advances made in the last two to three years for photocatalytic viral and bacterial disinfections. Moreover, emphasis has been given to the tailoring of such nano-photocatalysts in disinfecting surfaces, air, and water to stop viral/bacterial infection in the indoor environment. The role of such nano-photocatalysts in the photocatalytic disinfection of COVID-19 has also been highlighted with their future applicability in controlling such pandemics.
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Byers, Karin E., Lisa J. Durbin, Barbara M. Simonton, Anne M. Anglim, Karim A. Adal, and Barry M. Farr. "Disinfection of Hospital Rooms Contaminated With Vancomycin-ResistantEntemcocms faecium." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 19, no. 4 (April 1998): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700087373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTSixteen percent of hospital room surfaces remained colonized by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) after routine terminal disinfection. Disinfection with a new "bucket method" resulted in uniformly negative cultures. Conventional cleaning took an average of 2.8 disinfections to eradicate VRE from a hospital room, while only one cleaning was required with the bucket method.
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ITABASHI, Takatsugu, Rika NAKAGAWA, and Masato FUJIMORI. "Residual Disinfector on Endoscope after Disinfection." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 87, no. 11 (1994): 1573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.87.1573.
Повний текст джерела
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Yavnikov, N. V. "Effective disinfection." Agrarian science, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-334-1-40-42.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relevance. The compliance with zoohygienic norms and rules is a prerequisite for the biological safety of a livestock enterprise. Biosafety requirements have been tightened especially in connection with pandemics of ASF, avian influenza and other infections. Disinfection is one of the most important measures to maintain epizootological well-being, and the quality of disinfection directly depends on the effectiveness of the disinfectant used.Methods. The methods of mathematical analysis were applied.Results. The effectiveness of the use of disinfectant solutions based on the Chistobel complex disinfectant was confirmed. The disinfectant is effective for all types of disinfecting treatments at all objects of veterinary supervision.
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Radaev, Ilya, and Sergey Kozak. "Combination agent properties research for disinfection in departments for poultry." Poultry and Chicken Products 25, no. 5 (2023): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30975/2073-4999-2023-25-5-9-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The test results have been presented in the paper for D4 combination agent disinfecting properties and corrosion activity. D4 has been established to be effective disinfection agent and may be recommended for disinfection with the next concentrations: 0.5–0.6% for processing department, 0.6% for poultry sanitary slaughtering with 20 min exposition and 0.5 l/m2 consumption rate. Working solutions have no corrosive effect on stainless steel with 17–19% of chromium and washes off well after disinfection.
15
Kozak, S. S., V. G. Semenov, V. G. Tyurin, K. N. Biryukov, and V. V. Boronin. "Effects of shell disinfection with polyhexamethylene guanidine chloride on the safety and quality characteristics of edible eggs." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/2/022057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Infected shells are one of the main routes of human infection with Salmonella, which causes foodborne illness. To increase the microbiological safety of fresh chicken eggs and food egg products, shell disinfection is necessary. The presented work highlights the results of an experimental study of the disinfecting properties of an agent based on polyhexamethylene guanidine chloride (PHMG) and a veterinary and sanitary assessment of edible chicken eggs after shell disinfection. Disinfecting properties of PHMG, microbiological, organoleptic and quality indicators were established by standard methods. In experiments with cambric test objects, inactivation is provided by: Salmonella typhimurium (ST) - 0.4% solutions (exposure 2-5 min), Escherichia coli - 0.4% (exposure 2 min) and 0.3% solutions (exposure 5 min).) DB. In production conditions, it has been established that the use of a 0.4% PHMG solution for disinfection with exposure for 2 and 5 minutes ensures the inactivation of ST on the shell surface. Disinfection of the shell does not affect the change in the pH value and egg weight during storage, as well as the state of the shell, air chamber, egg white, yolk. Eggs after disinfection for 15 days of storage at a temperature of (4 ± 2) ° C met the requirements for edible chicken eggs. Studies of the tested drug have shown the effect of the PHMG shell disinfection on the safety and quality indicators of edible eggs.
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Muzafarov, Sh M., A. G. Babaev, O. G. Kilichov, and L. A. Batirova. "Disinfection of drinking water with ozone by the method of electrodispersion." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article analyzes the existing methods for disinfecting drinking water with ozone and identifies their disadvantages. The substantiation of the method of water disinfection with ozone using electrodispersion is given. The description of the technological scheme of water disinfection using the method of electrodispersion is given. The description of the design of the electric spray is given. The results of production tests of a device for water disinfection on the water of open reservoirs and artesian wells are presented.
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Choi, Jongbong, Minhyuk Lee, Yangsoon Lee, Yeongtak Song, Yongil Cho, and Tae Ho Lim. "Effectiveness of Plasma-Treated Hydrogen Peroxide Mist Disinfection in Various Hospital Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 9841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hospital environments are associated with a high risk of infection. As plasma-treated hydrogen peroxide mist disinfection has a higher disinfection efficacy, we tested the efficacy of plasma-treated hydrogen peroxide mist disinfection on several surfaces in various hospital environments. Disinfection was performed in 23 rooms across different hospital environments, including hospital wards, outpatient departments (OPDs), and emergency rooms. A total of 459 surfaces were swabbed before/after disinfection. Surfaces were also divided into plastic, metal, wood, leather, ceramic, silicone, and glass for further analyses. Only gram-positive bacteria were statistically analyzed because the number of gram-negative bacteria and mold was insufficient. Most colony-forming units (CFUs) of gram-positive bacteria were observed in OPDs and on leather materials before disinfection. The proportion of surfaces that showed a percentage decrease in CFU values of more than 90% after disinfection were as follows: OPDs (85%), hospital wards (99%), and emergency rooms (100%); plastic (97%), metal (83%), wood (84%), leather (81%), and others (87%). Plasma-treated hydrogen peroxide mist disinfection resulted in a significant decrease in the CFU values of gram-positive bacteria in various environments. Plasma-treated hydrogen peroxide mist disinfection is an effective and efficient method of disinfecting various hospital environments.
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Gamage, Joanne, and Zisheng Zhang. "Applications of Photocatalytic Disinfection." International Journal of Photoenergy 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/764870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the superior ability of photocatalysis to inactivate a wide range of harmful microorganisms, it is being examined as a viable alternative to traditional disinfection methods such as chlorination, which can produce harmful byproducts. Photocatalysis is a versatile and effective process that can be adapted for use in many applications for disinfection in both air and water matrices. Additionally, photocatalytic surfaces are being developed and tested for use in the context of “self-disinfecting” materials. Studies on the photocatalytic technique for disinfection demonstrate this process to have potential for widespread applications in indoor air and environmental health, biological, and medical applications, laboratory and hospital applications, pharmaceutical and food industry, plant protection applications, wastewater and effluents treatment, and drinking water disinfection. Studies on photocatalytic disinfection using a variety of techniques and test organisms are reviewed, with an emphasis on the end-use application of developed technologies and methods.
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Anwer, Safia, Syed Omer, Perveen Memon, Usman Mehmood, Hameedullah Arif, and Shahid Mustafa. "Awareness and Practices of Alginate Disinfection Protocol Among Dental Practitioners of Karachi City." Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College 10, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51985/jbumdc2020015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: To determine the awareness and practices about disinfection of alginate impression among dental practitioners of Karachi city. Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a private sector teaching hospital and private clinics, both located in Hamdard University Dental Hospital, Karachi from the period of April, 2017 to April, 2019. Methodology: A Questionnaire was designed by subject specialist in light of Australian Dental Association guidelines for cross infection prevention and disinfection for dental offices and laboratory. The questionnaire comprised of demographic details including age, gender, years of clinical experience; awareness of disinfection protocols such as self-protection precautionary measures while pouring the alginate impressions; practices of disinfection in the Laboratory; Practice of personal protection and details regarding the attendance of CDE (Continuing Dental Educations) seminars. The data was analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 20. Results: Among total subjects of 186, 78(41.9%) male and 108 (58.06%) female participants were included in this study. In present study the awareness of disinfection of alginate was observed in 171(91.8%) subjects while 15(8.2%) were not up to the mark. Regarding precautionary measures n=142 (83.0%) participants used gloves,. Considering the preferred method and duration of disinfection 56.4% used running tap water for gross cleaning of impression for 5 minutes while 43.6% marked spraying with 2% sodium hypochlorite as preferred disinfection method. Conclusion: majority of the participants of this study were aware regarding the ADA guidelines of disinfecting the alginate impressions while there was a dearth of practice observed for disinfecting the alginate impressions and were not used the prescribed disinfectant to disinfect the dental impressions
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Abdul Latif Rashid, Amal. "Effect of Microwave Energy Disinfection on Roughness of Soft Lining Material." Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences 9, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjds.9.1.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Soft lining material enhance the patient’s comfort, its rough surface affect oral health, the risk with soft reliners was difficult hygienic maintenance, sterilization by microwave method more favor compared with chemicals disinfections. Objective to study the effect of disinfection by microwave irradiation at different exposure time on surface roughness of long-term soft-liner material. Material and Methods: 45 Specimens of long-term soft liner were made in the form of square metal shaped pattern. The preparation of mould was done by conventional procedures according to manufacture instruction and divided into three groups: GroupA control (without disinfection), Group B daily disinfection by microwave for 5min at 650W and GroupC daily disinfection by microwave for15min at 650W. The specimens were irradiated daily for 15 days (both group B&C). Roughness measurement were made for three groups by profilometer device and analyzed by ANOVA ‘test. Result show that high mean value surface roughness of long term soft liner after expose to microwave disinfection for 15 min(Group C), and low mean value before expose to microwave disinfection(Group A), there were highly significant differences (P<0.01) among tested groups and there was no significance difference (p>0.05) between control Group with (Group B) 5 min disinfection, while the difference was significance (p<0.05) between (Group C )15 min disinfection with : (Group B) 5 min disinfection and with (Group A )control group. Conclusions: the roughness of long-term soft-liner material was not adversely affected by microwave disinfection at 5 min, there was no significant differences with control group while adversely affected by microwave disinfection at 15 min, there was significant differences with control group also with group 5 min disinfection.
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Henriques, Tiago M., Beatriz Rito, Diogo N. Proença, and Paula V. Morais. "Application of an Ultrasonic Nebulizer Closet in the Disinfection of Textiles and Footwear." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 10472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710472.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the importance of disinfection processes in health safety. Textiles and footwear have been identified as vectors for spreading infections. Therefore, their disinfection can be crucial to controlling pathogens’ dissemination. The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial disinfectant aerosolized by an ultrasonic nebulizer closet as an effective method for disinfecting textiles and footwear. The disinfection was evaluated in three steps: suspension tests; nebulization in a 0.08 m3 closet; nebulization in the upscaled 0.58 m3 closet. The disinfection process of textiles and footwear was followed by the use of bacteriophages, bacterial spores, and bacterial cells. The disinfection in the 0.58 m3 closet was efficient for textiles (4 log reduction) when bacteriophage Lambda, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis were used. The footwear disinfection was achieved (4 log reduction) in the 0.08 m3 closet for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Disinfection in an ultrasonic nebulization closet has advantages such as being quick, not wetting, being efficient on porous surfaces, and is performed at room temperature. Ultrasonic nebulization disinfection in a closet proves to be useful in clothing and footwear stores to prevent pathogen transmission by the items’ widespread handling.
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Zhang, Yin. "604 Comparing Disinfection of Different Dosages of Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide in Burn Ward." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction The objective of this study is to compare the disinfection effects using the vaporized hydrogen peroxide disinfection method in critical burn ward. Methods A 110m3 empty ward of the burn center was selected as the experimental site. The Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores were opened and placed in 15 unprepared positions (with 0 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m from the disinfection machine, each of which was divided into upper, middle, and The lower 3 planes), as well as the 15 points of the cloth (the same position as before), are fixed with hydrogen peroxide indicating tape. The amount of hydrogen peroxide was calculated according to the size of the ward (8 g/m3, 12 g/m3, respectively), and disinfected at a rate of 10 g/min of hydrogen peroxide release flow. After 5 hours of disinfection, the chemical indicator tape and the bacteria pieces were taken out. Observe the discoloration of the chemical indicating tape. The bacteria pieces were placed in a test tube containing the broth culture medium, and the results were observed after incubation in a 37 ° C incubator for 7*24 hours. Results (1) Under the condition of no cover, the two disinfecting dose chemical indicating tapes are all discolored, and in the case of obstruction, they cannot be completely discolored; (2) When the amount of hydrogen peroxide disinfection is 8g/m3 and 12g/m3 respectively, The positive rates of unobstructed specimens were 6.67% and 2.67%, respectively, no significant difference (P= >0.05), and there was no difference in disinfection effect between the positions (P >0.05); (3) 8g/m3 disinfection dose The peak concentration is 255.9g, the peak concentration is 1h48min; the peak concentration is 337.6g at 12g/m3 disinfection, and the peak concentration is 2h26min. When the two disinfection doses were disinfected for 8 hours, the peak concentrations of the chambers were basically the same(1) Under the condition of no cover, the two disinfecting dose chemical indicating tapes are all discolored, and in the case of obstruction, they cannot be completely discolored; (2) When the amount of hydrogen peroxide disinfection is 8g/m3 and 12g/m3 respectively, The positive rates of unobstructed specimens were 6.67% and 2.67%, respectively, no significant difference (P= >0.05), and there was no difference in disinfection effect between the positions (P >0.05); (3) 8g/m3 disinfection dose The peak concentration is 255.9g, the peak concentration is 1h48min; the peak concentration is 337.6g at 12g/m3 disinfection, and the peak concentration is 2h26min. When the two disinfection doses were disinfected for 8 hours, the peak concentrations of the chambers were basically the same. Conclusions The use of vaporized hydrogen peroxide for terminal disinfection should be as full as possible to expose the items to be disinfected. Applicability of Research to Practice Disinfection.
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Lin, Yusen E., Janet E. Stout, and Victor L. Yu. "ControllingLegionellain Hospital Drinking Water: An Evidence-Based Review of Disinfection Methods." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 2 (February 2011): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/657934.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hospital-acquired Legionnaires' disease is directly linked to the presence ofLegionellain hospital drinking water. Disinfecting the drinking water system is an effective preventive measure. The efficacy of any disinfection measures should be validated in a stepwise fashion from laboratory assessment to a controlled multiple-hospital evaluation over a prolonged period of time. In this review, we evaluate systemic disinfection methods (copper-silver ionization, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, ultraviolet light, and hyperchlorination), a focal disinfection method (point-of-use filtration), and short-term disinfection methods in outbreak situations (superheat-and-flush with or without hyperchlorination). The infection control practitioner should take the lead in selection of the disinfection system and the vendor. Formal appraisals by other hospitals with experience of the system under consideration is indicated. Routine performance of surveillance cultures of drinking water to detectLegionellaand monitoring of disinfectant concentrations are necessary to ensure long-term efficacy.
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Kim, Yu-Jin, Jun-Beom Kim, Chang-Seon Song, and Sang-Soep Nahm. "Disinfection of various materials with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride in hatchery facilities." Animal Bioscience 35, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ab.21.0302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Surface disinfection is important in the proper running of livestock farms. However, disinfection of farm equipment and facilities is difficult because they are made of different materials, besides having large surface areas and complex structures. 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (Si-QAC) is a quaternary ammonium salt-based disinfectant that attaches to various surfaces by forming covalent bonds and maintains its disinfecting capacity for a considerable time. Our aim was to evaluate the potential use of Si-QAC for disinfection of farm equipment and facilities.Methods: The short- and long-term antimicrobial and antiviral effects of Si-QAC were evaluated in both laboratory and farm settings using modified quantitative assessment method based on the standard operating procedures of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.Results: Si-QAC was highly effective in controlling the growth of the Newcastle disease virus and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Electron microscopy revealed that the mechanism underlying the disinfection activity of Si-QAC was associated with its ability to damage the outer membrane of the pathogen cells. In the field test, Si-QAC effectively reduced viral contamination of surfaces of equipment and space.Conclusion: Our results suggest that Si-QAC has great potential as an effective chemical for disinfecting farm equipment and facilities. This disinfectant could retain its disinfection ability longer than other commercial disinfectants and contribute to better farm biosecurity.
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Buckley, T., SM Dudley, and LG Donowitz. "Defining unnecessary disinfection procedures for single-dose and multiple-dose vials." American Journal of Critical Care 3, no. 6 (November 1, 1994): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1994.3.6.448.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND. Recommendations in the literature conflict on the necessity of disinfecting single-use vials prior to aspiration of fluid. Interventions to disinfect the stopper surface on multiple-dose vials vary considerably. OBJECTIVES. To determine the necessity of alcohol disinfection of the stopper on single-dose vials and to compare povidone-iodine and alcohol versus alcohol-only disinfection of the stopper prior to each needle penetration on multiple-dose vials. METHODS. The rubber stopper surfaces of 100 single-dose vials were cultured for the presence of bacteria. To determine the efficacy of two procedures for disinfection of multiple-dose vials, 87 stopper surfaces routinely disinfected with both povidone-iodine and alcohol were cultured for bacteria. After a change in practice, 100 multiple-dose vials routinely disinfected with alcohol only were cultured for the presence of bacteria. RESULTS. Of the cultures done on single-dose vial stoppers, 99% were sterile. A comparison of the two disinfection techniques for multiple-dose vials revealed that 83 (95%) of the 87 vials prepped with both povidone-iodine and alcohol were sterile, compared with all stoppers disinfected with alcohol only. CONCLUSIONS. This study shows the lack of necessity of any disinfection procedure on the rubber stopper of single-dose vials and the efficacy of alcohol only for disinfecting the stopper of multiple-dose vials.
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Storchevoy, Vladimir, Sergey Suchugov, Peter Umansky, and Alexander Storchevoy. "Study of the operating modes of a microwave installation for heat treatment and disinfection of grain." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127301022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Calculation method has been developed and mathematical models of the main parameters and operating modes of microwave installations for disinfecting grain and ensuring the required temperature regime, the rate of grain heating by controlling the temperature have been obtained. The use of microwave installations improves the process of grain disinfection from pathogenic microflora and pests. Microwave technologies and installations for grain disinfection include a number of operations that allow grain to be disinfected up to 75-85% of living pests that do not allow grain to be stored for a long time. Therefore, for agricultural enterprises, improving the parameters and modes of microwave operation for disinfecting grain is very important. In this regard, we propose a method for calculating the parameters and operating modes of microwave installations for disinfecting grain and ensuring the required temperature regime, the rate of grain heating by regulating the temperature. The choice of the power of microwave installations, the field strength and the working part of the capacitor is closely related to the fulfillment of the requirements for microwave installations for grain disinfection.
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Bédard, Emilie, Marie-Ève Benoit, Thibault Bourdin, Dominique Charron, Gaëlle DeLisle, Stéphane Daraiche, Sophie Gravel, et al. "Implementation of a Low-Cost Method to Reduce Bacterial Load in Patient-Room Sink Drains." Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 1, S1 (July 2021): s21—s22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ash.2021.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Sink drains can act as breeding grounds for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, leading to outbreaks. Drains provide a protected humid environment where nutrient-rich substances are available. Recent and growing installation of water and energy conservation devices have led to increased frequency of drain blockage due to biofilm accumulation. Ineffective drainage may lead to backflow and accumulation of water in the sink during use, increasing the risk of contaminated aerosols formation or direct contamination of surrounding material and equipment. Cleaning and disinfection procedures of sink drains need to be improved to prevent amplification and dispersion of MDR bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate alternatives to reduce the biofilm and risk of contamination through aerosols. Methods: Sink drains from patient rooms were randomly selected in the neonatal intensive care unit of a 450-bed pediatric hospital. We tested 4 approaches: (1) new drain; (2) self-disinfecting heating-vibration drain; (3) chemical disinfection with 20 ppm chlorine for 30 minutes; and (4) thermal disinfection with > 90°C water for 30 minutes. A special device was used during disinfection to increase the disinfectant contact time with the biofilm. Treatments were conducted weekly, with prior sampling of drain water. Other drains were also sampled weekly, including a control drain with no intervention. Bacterial loads were evaluated using flow cytometry and heterotrophic plate counts. The drains were made of stainless steel, a heat-conductive material. Results: Preliminary results show that chlorine disinfection had a small impact (<1 log) on culturable bacteria at 48 hours after disinfection but not after a week or repeated weekly disinfection. Thermal disinfection using boiling water is promising, showing an important decrease of 4 log in culturable cells after 48 hours and a concentration still 100× lower 1 week after the disinfection. Repeated weekly thermal disinfection maintained lower culturable levels in the drain. No culturable cells were detected in water from the self-disinfecting drain 2 months after installation, whereas the new drain became fully colonized to concentrations similar to those of drains prior to interventions during the same period. Conclusions: Thermal disinfection of drains is a promising alternative to chlorine. This solution is interesting because it is nontoxic and easy to perform, requiring a small volume of hot water. The rapid recolonization of the new drain suggests that replacing contaminated drains is not a sustainable solution and would need to be paired with a thermal disinfection program to maintain low culturable cells.Funding: NoDisclosures: None
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Böhm, Anna-Lena, Maximilian Koch, Stefan Rosiwal, Andreas Burkovski, Matthias Karl, and Tanja Grobecker-Karl. "Electrochemical Disinfection of Experimentally Infected Teeth by Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode Treatment." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Disinfection and prevention of re-infection are the decisive treatment steps in endodontic therapy. In this study, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been fabricated and used for disinfecting the root canals of extracted human teeth, which had been covered with bacterial biofilms formed by Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The growth of B. subtilis could be successfully impaired, achieving a complete disinfection after 8.5 min treatment time with the success of disinfection depending on the insertion depth of the electrode in the root canal. S. epidermidis could completely be removed after 3.5 min treatment time. A clinically applicable electrode array led to complete disinfection after treatment times of 10 min for S. epidermidis and 25 min for B. subtilis. BDD electrode application allowed for the improved disinfection of root canals and dentin tubules based on a continuous production of reactive oxygen species and their enhanced penetration of dentin tubules most likely due the formation of a continuous stream of small gas bubbles. The treatment times that are required here will be shortened in clinical application, as mechanical shaping of the canal system would precede the disinfection process.
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Fang, Wei, Jiangyong Hu, and Say Leong Ong. "Effects of phosphorus on biofilm disinfections in model drinking water distribution systems." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 3 (December 4, 2009): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drinking water biofilm development is affected by the available nutrient levels and the presence of disinfectants. Phosphorus is recognized as another important limiting nutrient besides organic carbon. In this study, drinking water biofilms were developed in annular reactors to examine the effects of phosphorus on the biofilm disinfections with free chlorine and monochloramine. Phosphorus addition was found to increase the biofilm cell number but decrease the exopolysaccharides (EPS) production. The disinfection efficacies of both free chlorine and monochloramine were increased when phosphorus was added into the reactor systems. At the same disinfection dosages, monochloramine showed greater biofilm removal efficiency than free chlorine. Monochloramine could be a better choice than free chlorine in biofilm disinfection when phosphate-based corrosion inhibitors are applied.
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Guridi, Andrea, Elena Sevillano, Iñigo de la Fuente, Estibaliz Mateo, Elena Eraso, and Guillermo Quindós. "Disinfectant Activity of A Portable Ultraviolet C Equipment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 4747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234747.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be caused by microorganisms present in common practice instruments generating major health problems in the hospital environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the disinfection capacity of a portable ultraviolet C equipment (UV Sanitizer Corvent® -UVSC-) developed to disinfect different objects. For this purpose, six pathogens causing HAIs: Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, were inoculated on slides and discs of different biomaterials (borosilicate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, silicone, Teflon and titanium) and exposed to ultraviolet C radiation. UVSC disinfection was compared with ethanol and chlorhexidine antimicrobial activities following the standards EN14561 and EN14562. Disinfection, established as a reduction of five logarithms from the initial inoculum, was achieved with the UVSC at 120 s of exposure time, with and without the presence of organic matter. The disinfectant effect was observed against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis and C. albicans (reduction >99.999%). Disinfection was also achieved with 70% ethanol and 2% chlorhexidine. As conclusion, UVSC was effective disinfecting the most contaminated surfaces assayed, being a promising alternative for disinfecting hospital materials and inanimate objects that cannot be immersed in liquid biocides, reducing the risk of pathogen transmission.
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Ueno, Takahisa, Konosuke Takada, Shohei Zaizen, Takashi Sakugawa, Junko Ninomiya, and Takashi Furukawa. "Disinfection of Bacteria in Aerosols by Applying High Voltage to Stranded Wire Electrodes." Microorganisms 12, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020418.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The inactivation of airborne pathogenic microorganisms is crucial to attenuate the dissemination of infectious diseases induced by airborne pathogens. Conventional air disinfection methodologies, such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ozone treatment, have demonstrated limited efficacy. Consequently, we investigated the potential of employing pulsed voltages to effectively eradicate bacteria within aerosols. Our inquiry revealed that the bacterial disinfection rate increased proportionally with elevated applied voltage and frequency. For instance, when a pulsed voltage of 20 kV and a frequency of 500 Hz were applied, a substantial disinfection rate exceeding 6.0 logarithmic units was attained. Furthermore, with the utilization of the stranded wire anodes, the disinfection intensity could be augmented by up to 2.0 logarithmic units compared with the solid wire configuration. Through the utilization of a stranded wire electrode model, we scrutinized the electric field encompassing the electrode, revealing a non-uniform electric field with the stranded wire electrode. This observation indicated an amplified bacterial disinfection effect, aligning with our experimental outcomes. These findings significantly enhance our comprehension of efficacious approaches to electrically disinfecting airborne bacteria.
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Khalid, Mariya, Mohammad Ali Chughtai, Sohrab Shaheed, and Syed Nasir Shah. "Comparison of Repeated Chemical and Microwave Disinfection on Dimensional Accuracy of Gypsum Casts." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 30, no. 04 (December 19, 2021): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.304.235.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experimental study is to compare the dimensional accuracy of gypsum casts after repeated disinfection in microwave at 900 Watts, 2450 MHz (5 minutes) and immersion in 0.5% Sodium hypochlorite (10 minutes). Disinfecting casts is recommended to prevent cross infection but may cause dimensional changes. During fabrication of prosthesis, a cast may get contaminated several times so there is a need of repeated disinfection. METHODOLOGY: Sample size was 33 (11 in each group), calculated through WHO software for sample size determination by using standard deviation of 0.16 at 95% confidence interval and 80% power of study. Impressions in irreversible hydrocolloid were recorded of an acrylic cast fabricated for this study. The impressions were poured with die stone and were randomly divided into 3 groups; Group I: Microwave disinfection, Group II: Immersion disinfection in 0.5% Sodium hypochlorite, Group III: Control group. For Groups I and II, each cast was disinfected 7 times with 5 minutes interval between two disinfection cycles, after every cycle anteroposterior and mediolateral measurements were recorded using digital Vernier caliper (accuracy upto 0.01 mm). For group III, casts were rinsed with distilled water, dried in open air within temperature range of 28+/-2OC for 10 mins followed by anteroposterior and mediolateral measurements. This procedure was repeated seven times for each cast. RESULTS: Anteroposterior and Mediolateral differences of dimensional change between and within the Group A, B and C was calculated by One Way ANOVA. Inter/intra examiner reliability was taken into consideration at the time of study. Mean dimensional change in the casts were insignificant through six disinfecting cycles. However, in the seventh cycle, a significant difference (p=0.003) was observed in the anteroposterior dimension (0.03% dimensional change for Group A and 1.26 % for Group B whereas, in mediolateral dimension, dimensional change was 0.35% for Group A and 0.59% for Group B (p=0.004). Dimensional change of >0.5% was considered as the cutoff value for casts to be considered as dimensionally accurate. Casts disinfected through immersion disinfection did not produce dimensionally inaccurate casts in anteroposterior dimension after third cycle and in seventh cycle in mediolateral dimension. However, result is significant only in seventh cycle. Microwave disinfection produced dimensionally accurate casts throughout all cycles. CONCLUSION: Microwave disinfected casts remained dimensionally stable compared to immersion disinfection. KEYWORDS: Disinfection, microwave, immersion, dimensional stability, gypsum casts
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Biswal, Basanta Kumar, Ramzi Khairallah, Kareem Bibi, Alberto Mazza, Ronald Gehr, Luke Masson, and Dominic Frigon. "Impact of UV and Peracetic Acid Disinfection on the Prevalence of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Wastewater Effluents." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 12 (April 11, 2014): 3656–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00418-14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTWastewater discharges may increase the populations of pathogens, includingEscherichia coli, and of antimicrobial-resistant strains in receiving waters. This study investigated the impact of UV and peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection on the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), the most abundantE. colipathotype in municipal wastewaters. Laboratory disinfection experiments were conducted on wastewater treated by physicochemical, activated sludge, or biofiltration processes; 1,766E. coliisolates were obtained for the evaluation. The target disinfection level was 200 CFU/100 ml, resulting in UV and PAA doses of 7 to 30 mJ/cm2and 0.9 to 2.0 mg/liter, respectively. The proportions of UPECs were reduced in all samples after disinfection, with an average reduction by UV of 55% (range, 22% to 80%) and by PAA of 52% (range, 11% to 100%). Analysis of urovirulence genes revealed that the decline in the UPEC populations was not associated with any particular virulence factor. A positive association was found between the occurrence of urovirulence and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, the changes in the prevalence of ARGs in potential UPECs were different following disinfection, i.e., UV appears to have had no effect, while PAA significantly reduced the ARG levels. Thus, this study showed that both UV and PAA disinfections reduced the proportion of UPECs and that PAA disinfection also reduced the proportion of antimicrobial resistance gene-carrying UPEC pathotypes in municipal wastewaters.
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Khalaf, Dr Hanan Abdul-Rahman, and Dr Basima M. Ali Hussein. "Effect of certain disinfecting solutions and surfactant on the wettability of silicone rubber impression materials." Mustansiria Dental Journal 9, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v9i1.241.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Back ground: All dental impressions should be disinfected before pouring to controlcross contamination but disinfection may affect impression wettability. This studyevaluated the effect of disinfection and the use of surfactant agent on thewettability of some silicone impression materials by contact angle registration ofthe gypsum slurry on flat surfaces of the impressions.Materials and methods: addition silicone regular body –automixing type- andcondensation silicone (light body)with two types of disinfecting solutions 0.2%chlorhexidine gluconate and 1% povidone iodine for two disinfecting times andone surfactant agent (soap) were used in this study. Three treatment regimes wereinvestigated: The first group of impression materials specimens was exposed tosaliva for 5 minutes (control group). Second group of specimens was exposed tosaliva then to disinfectant agents, and third group of specimens was exposed tosaliva, disinfectants and surfactant agent (experimental groups), a computerizedphotographic procedure was used to measure the wettability of the specimens.Statistical analysis was performed by using t-est at p<0.05.Results: the results revealed that treatment with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate as adisinfectant alone or when tested with the surfactant improved the wettability ofaddition and condensation silicones at 30min. disinfection time ,but surfactantcoating of disinfected condensation silicone produced a significant increase of themean values at 60min. disinfection time. While treatment with 1% povidoneiodine disinfectant increased the mean contact angles for both addition andcondensation silicones significantly. Same result was seen when povidone iodinewas used in combination with the surfactant.Conclusion: disinfection with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate produced a high-energyimpression surfaces for both addition and condensation silicones.
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Gushchin, S. V., and A. V. Polonova. "Design concept of onboard air purification system for commercial aircraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The purpose of the article is to discuss methods of air disinfection in passenger aircraft cabins during flight. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of modern methods of cleaning and disinfecting air in closed rooms was carried out. The efficiency, mass characteristics and energy consumption of UV sources are compared. The use of photocatalytic filters based on the phenomenon of oxidation of organic substances under the influence of sunlight in the presence of a catalyst is proposed. As a result, the authors compare the efficiency of disinfection and energy consumption when using various methods of air purification. In addition, the authors draw conclusions about the prospects of the proposed method of air disinfection using photocatalytic filters in relation to the cabins of passenger aircrafts. The schemes of rational placement of UV sources are proposed, which allow obtaining the maximum efficiency of air disinfection.
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Pinto, Luciana Rezende, Dayane Rubim, Paulo Maurício Batista Silva, and Vinícius Carvalho Porto. "Effects of repeated long-term sodium hypochlorite disinfection treatment on surface hardness and roughness of self-polymerizing reline acrylic resins." Journal of Research in Dentistry 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v2e1201491-101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Denture stomatitis is the most common alteration on the palate of denture wearers and deficient denture hygiene is an important predisposing factor, because it facilitates both the presence of Candida albicans and bacteria in saliva and their colonization on the oral mucosa and denture surfaces. Sodium hypochlorite is an efficient chemical disinfectant to eliminate denture biofilm, but the effect of long-term disinfection on reline acrylic resins was not studied. Purpose: This study investigated the hardness and roughness of three self-polymerizing reline resins after repeated long-term sodium hypochlorite disinfections. Material and methods: Forty round specimens (30 x 6mm) were made from each material: Jet, Kooliner and Tokuyama Rebase II Fast, and divided in 4 groups (n=10). The control group was stored in water and the others were disinfected with 1%, 2%, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, respectively. The specimens were tested for knoop hardness (KHN) and roughness (Ra) before disinfection and after 30, 90 and 180 disinfection cycles. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test at 5%. Results: The hardness of Jet resin varied from 18.74 ± 0.47 to 13.75 ± 0.95 KHN, Kooliner varied from 14.09 ± 1.63 to 7.52 ± 0.88 KHN, and Tokuyama Rebase II Fast from 12.57 ± 0.94 to 8.28 ± 0.39 KHN. Statistically significant decrease in hardness of the three reline acrylic resins was observed early after the first 30 disinfection cycles. Conclusion: The hardness of the tested materials decreased after immersion in water and after repeated long-term chemical disinfections
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Christenson, Elizabeth C., Ryan Cronk, Helen Atkinson, Aayush Bhatt, Emilio Berdiel, Michelle Cawley, Grace Cho, et al. "Evidence Map and Systematic Review of Disinfection Efficacy on Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 11100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) contribute to patient morbidity and mortality with an estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths costing USD $28–34 billion annually in the United States alone. There is little understanding as to if current environmental surface disinfection practices reduce pathogen load, and subsequently HAIs, in critical care settings. This evidence map includes a systematic review on the efficacy of disinfecting environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities. We screened 17,064 abstracts, 635 full texts, and included 181 articles for data extraction and study quality assessment. We reviewed ten disinfectant types and compared disinfectants with respect to study design, outcome organism, and fourteen indictors of study quality. We found important areas for improvement and gaps in the research related to study design, implementation, and analysis. Implementation of disinfection, a determinant of disinfection outcomes, was not measured in most studies and few studies assessed fungi or viruses. Assessing and comparing disinfection efficacy was impeded by study heterogeneity; however, we catalogued the outcomes and results for each disinfection type. We concluded that guidelines for disinfectant use are primarily based on laboratory data rather than a systematic review of in situ disinfection efficacy. It is critically important for practitioners and researchers to consider system-level efficacy and not just the efficacy of the disinfectant.
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Guan, Zuwei, Peng Liu, Tianfeng Zhou, Lin Zhou, Danmei Zhang, Qiuchen Xie, Qian Yu, et al. "Study on the Light Field Regulation of UVC-LED Disinfection for Cold Chain Transportation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, the pain point that cold chain transportation urgently needs for an efficient disinfection method is pointed out. Thus, this work aims at solving the problems and improving the disinfection efficiency in cold chain transportation. While Ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation is an effective method by which to kill viruses, it is difficult to apply the commonly used UVC-LED disinfection light source to ice-covered cold chain transportation due to its uneven light field distribution. Thus, the light field regulation of UVC-LED disinfection for cold chain transportation is studied. A UVC-LED chip with a wavelength of 275 nm was used as a light source, and parallel light was obtained by collimating lenses. Then, microlens array homogenization technology was used to shape the UVC light into a uniform light spot, with an energy space uniformity rate of 96.4%. Moreover, a simulation was conducted to compare the effects of the ice layer on the absorption of UVC light. Finally, an experiment was carried out to verify that the disinfection efficiency can be increased nearly by 30% with the proposed system by disinfecting E. coli (Escherichia coli), and the results indicate that the proposed system is an effective disinfection solution during cold chain transportation.
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Bhatti, Sanam, Tanveer A. Gadhi, Rasool Bux Mahar, Imran Ali, Najeebullah Channa, Junaid Ahmed Kori, and Barbara Bonelli. "The Identification of Selective Pathogenic Microbial Community Biofilms in Different Distribution Pipeline Materials and Their Disinfection Kinetics." Water 15, no. 23 (November 26, 2023): 4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15234099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biofilms in water distribution lines strongly affect water safety as they are the main carriers of pathogens. The current study investigated the biofilm formation and identification of selected pathogens in different distribution pipeline materials and their disinfection method in an annular reactor (AR). Initially, the quality of the flowing water from each pipeline material was analyzed, i.e., pH, TDS, EC, turbidity, and salinity; then, the biofilm formation was monitored for each material, i.e., ABS, PC, PVC, PP, and HDPE. Further, the disinfection kinetics of biofilm at different chlorine doses, i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/L, was investigated. The selected pathogens, i.e., E. coli, Pseudomonas, Shigella, Salmonella sp., and Vibrio sp. were identified in biofilms formed in different pipeline materials. The disinfection kinetics results showed that a chlorine dose of 2.0 mg/L was the most effective in disinfecting selected pathogens. Following the disinfection kinetics, it was observed that Salmonella sp. was disinfected within 7 days, whereas other pathogenic biofilms were disinfected within 14 days. The efficacy of chlorine disinfection was affected by the types of pipeline materials. The study outcomes could provide insights into biofilms’ disinfection method and the selection of suitable pipeline materials to ensure drinking water safety.
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Bourdin, Thibault, Marie-Ève Benoit, Michèle Prévost, Dominique Charron, Caroline Quach, Eric Déziel, Philippe Constant, and Emilie Bédard. "Disinfection of sink drains to reduce a source of three opportunistic pathogens, during Serratia marcescens clusters in a neonatal intensive care unit." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (June 12, 2024): e0304378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304378.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective Evaluate the effects of five disinfection methods on bacterial concentrations in hospital sink drains, focusing on three opportunistic pathogens (OPs): Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Design Over two years, three sampling campaigns were conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Samples from 19 sink drains were taken at three time points: before, during, and after disinfection. Bacterial concentration was measured using culture-based and flow cytometry methods. High-throughput short sequence typing was performed to identify the three OPs and assess S. marcescens persistence after disinfection at the genotypic level. Setting This study was conducted in a pediatric hospitals NICU in Montréal, Canada, which is divided in an intensive and intermediate care side, with individual rooms equipped with a sink. Interventions Five treatments were compared: self-disinfecting drains, chlorine disinfection, boiling water disinfection, hot tap water flushing, and steam disinfection. Results This study highlights significant differences in the effectiveness of disinfection methods. Chlorine treatment proved ineffective in reducing bacterial concentration, including the three OPs. In contrast, all other drain interventions resulted in an immediate reduction in culturable bacteria (4–8 log) and intact cells (2–3 log). Thermal methods, particularly boiling water and steam treatments, exhibited superior effectiveness in reducing bacterial loads, including OPs. However, in drains with well-established bacterial biofilms, clonal strains of S. marcescens recolonized the drains after heat treatments. Conclusions Our study supports thermal disinfection (>80°C) for pathogen reduction in drains but highlights the need for additional trials and the implementation of specific measures to limit biofilm formation.
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Choudhry, Ziaullah, Sofia Malik, Zulfiqar A. Mirani, Shujah A. Khan, Syed M. R. Kazmi, Waqas A. Farooqui, Muhammad A. Ahmed, et al. "Antifungal Efficacy of Sodium Perborate and Microwave Irradiation for Surface Disinfection of Polymethyl Methacrylate Polymer." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 7004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Various disinfecting agents showing variable success in disinfecting polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are available. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of sodium perborate (denture cleaning tablet-DC), microwave irradiation, and their combination for eradicating candida albicans (C. albicans) from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base polymer. One hundred and sixty-eight PMMA resin specimens (30 × 30 × 15 mm) were divided into four groups, including control (no disinfection), microwave disinfection in distilled water (MW-DW), sodium perborate with distilled water (DC-DW), and a combination of MW-DC-DW (n = 10). Biofilms of C. albicans were cultured on the PMMA resin denture base specimens for 96 h. The samples were exposed to three different antifungal regimes, i.e., MW, denture cleaning agent-sodium perborate (DC) and DW, and a combination of MW-DC-DW for 1 to 5 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to evaluate colony formation. The colony-forming units (CFU) among the experimental groups were assessed using ANOVA, a Kruskal–Wallis test, and a Mann–Whitney test. The mean CFU values were compared with the control for each disinfecting regime at 96 h growth time. For MW-DC-DW, the CFU were significantly low at 2 and 3 min of exposure when compared with the control (DW) (p < 0.05). For the MW-DW treated group, the CFU were significantly low at 3 min of exposure when compared with the control (DW) (p < 0.05). It was also found that for DC-DW, the CFU were significantly low at 5 minutes when compared with the control specimens (DW) (p < 0.05). Microwave disinfection in combination with sodium perborate is a more effective disinfecting regime against C. albicans than that of microwave disinfection and sodium perborate alone.
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Bensel, Tobias, Jens J. Bock, Anne Kebernik, Christin Arnold, Sonia Mansour, and Arne F. Boeckler. "Effect of Disinfectants on Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Acrylics." International Journal of Biomaterials 2019 (April 24, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1096208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. Infection control protocols in dentistry dictate that orthodontic acrylics have to be disinfected. No specific products for orthodontic acrylics are available. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of chemical disinfectants on mechanical properties of orthodontic acrylics.Materials and Methods. 260 test specimens of two cold-curing orthodontic acrylics were manufactured. Three chemical disinfecting agents were tested: Impresept, D050 Instru-Gen, and Stammopur DR. Test specimens were stored in distilled water and divided into test groups. E-Modulus, flexural strength, macro hardness, micro hardness, average roughness, and colour change were measured.Results. Disinfection agents showed no significant influence on E-modulus. Values ranged from 1783.80 ± 163.80 MPa (Forestacryl colourless) to 2474.00 ± 135.00 MPa (Orthocryl green) after storage in distilled water. Disinfection agents performed no significant influence on flexural strength. Values ranged from 18.64±1.59 N/mm2(Forestacryl colourless) to 25.64 ± 1.43 N/mm2(Orthocryl green) after storage in distilled water. Orthocryl colourless showed a reduction of the macro hardness after disinfection (Stammopur DR (p≤0.001), D050 Instru-Gen (p≤0.037)). Disinfection of Orthocryl green with D050 Instru-Gen (p<0.001) and Forestacryl colourless with Impresept (p≤0.001) led to a reduction of macro hardness. Micro hardness of Orthocryl colourless altered significantly after disinfection with D050 Instru-Gen (p≤0.001). Micro hardness of Forestacryl colourless increased (Impresept (p≤0.039)) and decreased (Stammopur DR (p≤0.006) Instru-Gen (p≤0.001)) after disinfection. Average roughness did not change significantly (Orthocryl colourless). Forestacryl colourless performed a significant change after disinfection with Stammopur DR (p≤0.05). This is also true for the disinfection of Orthocryl green and Forestacryl pink with Instru-Gen (p≤0.05). Disinfection performed no significant influence on colour change. ΔE-values were in a range of 1 to 2.Conclusions. Some orthodontic acrylics disinfection caused significant changes of determined parameters. Changes were specific for the applied disinfectant and tested orthodontic acrylic. Further studies should verify the impact of long-term disinfection intervals. Thus, from manufacturers of orthodontic acrylics recommendations for appropriate disinfectants would be desirable.
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Zamorska, Justyna, and Izabela Kiełb-Sotkiewicz. "Ozonation in Wastewater Disinfection." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 33, no. 3 (December 14, 2023): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.59440/ceer/175796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the potential microbiological hazard associated with discharging treated sewage into the receiving body, its disinfection is a key issue to protect ecological safety and human health. Water scarcity and drinking water supply, irrigation, rapid industrialization, use of treated water, protection of water sources, overpopulation and environmental protection force us to look for solutions to ensure safe reuse of wastewater, and this depends primarily on the quality of wastewater disinfection. Many wastewater disinfection methods are commonly used. One of the chemical processes of disinfection sludge is ozonation. Ozonation is widely used in wastewater treatment by oxidation, because ozone is a very strong and effective oxidizing agent. Studies have shown that the effectiveness of ozone in disinfecting water and sewage is up to 50% greater than that of chlorine . An additional advantage of this method is that it also eliminates odors that may be unavailable. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of ozonation treatment in the disinfection of treated sewage, based on indicator bacteria such as coliforms, including Escherichia coli, mesophiles, psychrophiles, and spores. The study took into account various effects of time (dose) and temperature. For the purpose of this study, both traditional and modern methods of assessing microbiological quality of wastewater were used. The first one is represented by conventional culture measurements and the second one by using a luminometer (ATP) and flow cytometer (FCM).
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Yoshida, Yuko, Risa Takashima, and Rika Yano. "Is skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection necessary? The reasoning of Certified Nurses in Infection Control in Japan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): e0245202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nurses continue to disinfect the skin before administering subcutaneous injections as a standard process in clinical settings; despite evidence that disinfection is not necessary. To implement evidence-based practice, it is critical to explore why this gap between “evidence” and “practice” exists. This study aimed to describe the reasons offered by Certified Nurses in Infection Control (CNIC) in Japan for performing skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection. Adopting an inductive qualitative design, interviews were conducted with 10 CNIC in 2013. According to the participants, skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection: (a) was common practice; (b) may have been beneficial if it was omitted; (c) adhered to hospital norms; (d) prevented persistent suspicion of infection; (e) had no detrimental effect; (f) was an ingrained custom; and (g) involved a tacit approval for not disinfecting in home care settings. The themes (c) and (g) were cited as the main reasons affecting decision-making. The CNIC administered injections following skin disinfection in hospitals in accordance with hospital norms. On the contrary, outside the hospital, they administered subcutaneous injections without skin disinfection. All themes except (b) and (g) reflect the barriers and resistance to omitting skin disinfection, while (g) shows that it is already partly implemented in home care settings. It is necessary to create a guideline for skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection that considers the quality of life of patients at home, their physical conditions, and the surrounding environment at the time of injection, in addition to the guidelines applicable in hospitals.
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Yoshida, Yuko, Risa Takashima, and Rika Yano. "Is skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection necessary? The reasoning of Certified Nurses in Infection Control in Japan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): e0245202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nurses continue to disinfect the skin before administering subcutaneous injections as a standard process in clinical settings; despite evidence that disinfection is not necessary. To implement evidence-based practice, it is critical to explore why this gap between “evidence” and “practice” exists. This study aimed to describe the reasons offered by Certified Nurses in Infection Control (CNIC) in Japan for performing skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection. Adopting an inductive qualitative design, interviews were conducted with 10 CNIC in 2013. According to the participants, skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection: (a) was common practice; (b) may have been beneficial if it was omitted; (c) adhered to hospital norms; (d) prevented persistent suspicion of infection; (e) had no detrimental effect; (f) was an ingrained custom; and (g) involved a tacit approval for not disinfecting in home care settings. The themes (c) and (g) were cited as the main reasons affecting decision-making. The CNIC administered injections following skin disinfection in hospitals in accordance with hospital norms. On the contrary, outside the hospital, they administered subcutaneous injections without skin disinfection. All themes except (b) and (g) reflect the barriers and resistance to omitting skin disinfection, while (g) shows that it is already partly implemented in home care settings. It is necessary to create a guideline for skin disinfection before subcutaneous injection that considers the quality of life of patients at home, their physical conditions, and the surrounding environment at the time of injection, in addition to the guidelines applicable in hospitals.
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Buhl, Sebastian, Alexander Stich, and Clemens Bulitta. "Dry-fog disinfection as a method for processing vehicles for passenger transport." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Due to the corona pandemic, the demand for efficient and fast-acting disinfection measures is high. In this work, the disinfecting potential of a dry fogging technology (Apollon Biotech GmbH, Germany) was investigated for the possibility of disinfection of vehicles for passenger transport. This could represent a new approach for processing emergency vehicles or local passenger transport vehicles quickly and cost-effectively. A public bus was used as a model for a passenger transport vehicle (Ferienfahrschule Hense GbR, Germany). This vehicle was tested at predetermined points before and after dry-fog disinfection with swab and contact plate samples. In addition, contaminated sample tiles (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; 5x104 CFU) were placed at some locations in order to be able to record a standardized germ reduction. To determine the decontamination effect of the air in the vehicle, active airborne germ measurements were performed. In the airborne germ measurement, our results indicated a reduction of approx. 68% of the microbiological air contamination. Screening of the total contamination of the bus at several selected sites showed an average load of approximately 348 CFU per test site. After disinfection, the average bacterial count was reduced to approx. 18 CFU per test site. This disinfecting effect could also be shown with the standardized test tiles. An efficiency level of between log 0.8 and 3.7 was obtained at the various test sites.
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Romeu, Maria João, João Morais, Vítor Vasconcelos, and Filipe Mergulhão. "Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Cyanobacterial Biofilms." Antibiotics 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2023): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091450.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although a range of disinfecting formulations is commercially available, hydrogen peroxide is one of the safest chemical agents used for disinfection in aquatic environments. However, its effect on cyanobacterial biofilms is poorly investigated. In this work, biofilm formation by two filamentous cyanobacterial strains was evaluated over seven weeks on two surfaces commonly used in marine environments: glass and silicone-based paint (Sil-Ref) under controlled hydrodynamic conditions. After seven weeks, the biofilms were treated with a solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to assess if disinfection could affect long-term biofilm development. The cyanobacterial biofilms appeared to be tolerant to H2O2 treatment, and two weeks after treatment, the biofilms that developed on glass by one of the strains presented higher biomass amounts than the untreated biofilms. This result emphasizes the need to correctly evaluate the efficiency of disinfection in cyanobacterial biofilms, including assessing the possible consequences of inefficient disinfection on the regrowth of these biofilms.
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Mude, Er S. K. "Health & Environmental Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure used in Currency Sanitizer." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35379.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many of the ultraviolet (UV) sources used emit high intensities of UV light, capable of producing painful eye and skin burns. This paper provides information about the hazards associated with UV exposure and the safety precautions to take when working with these sources. Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection technology has existed for many years, but chemicals are still very prominent in disinfection applications today. UV disinfection does, however, provide many benefits over chemical options. It cannot be overdosed, and does not produce by-products, toxins, or volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. It does not require the storage of hazardous materials and will not affect smell or taste in water and food disinfection applications. In addition, UV light is known to kill more waterborne microbes than chlorination. UV-C currency sanitizer is a fluid less device which can be used to perform the disinfection of various bacteria and viruses, it is based on UV-C light technology. It provides a portable ultraviolet disinfecting device for currency notes which comprises an acrylic case. The light is arranged in the top and bottom and inner layer coated with aluminum foil to increase the utilization of light rays.
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Kobos, Lisa, Kim Anderson, Laura Kurth, Xiaoming Liang, Caroline P. Groth, Lucy England, A. Scott Laney, and M. Abbas Virji. "Characterization of Cleaning and Disinfection Product Use, Glove Use, and Skin Disorders by Healthcare Occupations in a Midwestern Healthcare Facility." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Healthcare facility staff use a wide variety of cleaning and disinfecting products during their daily operations, many of which are associated with respiratory or skin irritation or sensitization with repeated exposure. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of cleaning and disinfection product use, glove use during cleaning and disinfection, and skin/allergy symptoms by occupation and identify the factors influencing glove use among the healthcare facility staff. A questionnaire was administered to the current employees at a midwestern Veterans Affairs healthcare facility that elicited information on cleaning and disinfection product use, glove use during cleaning and disinfection, skin/allergy symptoms, and other demographic characteristics, which were summarized by occupation. The central supply/environmental service (2% of the total survey population) and nursing occupations (licensed practical nurse: 3%, nurse: 26%, nursing assistant: 3%, other nurses: 10% of the total survey population, respectively) had the highest prevalence of using cleaning or disinfecting products, specifically quaternary ammonium compounds, bleach, and alcohol. Glove use while using products was common in both patient care and non-patient care occupations. The factors associated with glove use included using bleach or quaternary ammonium compounds and using cleaning products 2–3 or 4–5 days per week. A high frequency of glove use (≥75%) was reported by workers in most occupations when using quaternary ammonium compounds or bleach. The use of alcohol, bleach, and quaternary ammonium compounds was associated with skin disorders (p < 0.05). These research findings indicate that although the workers from most occupations report a high frequency of glove use when using cleaning and disinfection products, there is room for improvement, especially among administrative, maintenance, and nursing workers. These groups may represent populations which could benefit from the implementation of workplace interventions and further training regarding the use of personal protective equipment and the potential health hazards of exposure to cleaning and disinfecting chemicals.
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Pinto, Luciana de Rezende, Paulo Maurício Batista Silva, and Vinicius Carvalho Porto. "Effects of long-term repeated chemical disinfection treatment on the surface hardness self-polymerizing reline resins." Journal of Research in Dentistry 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2013): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v1e1201355-63.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Denture hygiene techniques and procedures were developed in the 1960s and 1970s and most studies indicate the importance of mechanical biofilm removal by denture brushing associated with disinfection with chemical solutions. Studies in the literature show many chemical procedures that may be used for denture biofilm control. When the immersion procedure is used, the disinfectant should be selected with regard to its effectiveness in inactivating microorganisms without any adverse effects on the denture materials. PURPOSE: This study investigated the hardness of three self-polymerizing reline resins after long-term repeated chemical disinfections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty round specimens (30 x 6mm) were made from each material: Jet, Kooliner and Tokuyama Rebase II Fast, and divided in 6 groups (n=10). The control group was stored in water and the others were disinfected with 1%, 2%, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, respectively. The specimens were tested for knoop hardness (KHN) before disinfection and after 30, 90 and 180 disinfection cycles. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test at 5%. RESULTS: The hardness of Jet resin varied from 18.74 ± 0.47 to 13.75 ± 0.95 KHN, Kooliner varied from 14.09 ± 1.63 to 7.52 ± 0.88 KHN, and Tokuyama Rebase II Fast from 12.57 ± 0.94 to 8.28 ± 0.39 KHN. Statistically significant decrease in hardness of the three reline acrylic resins was observed early after the first 30 disinfection cycles. CONCLUSION: The hardness of the tested materials decreased after immersion in water and after long-term repeated chemical disinfections.