Статті в журналах: "Discrimination in sports Singapore"

1

Lee, William Keng Mun. "Gender inequality and discrimination in Singapore." Journal of Contemporary Asia 28, no. 4 (January 1998): 484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472339880000261.

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2

Subchi, Imam, Siti Amsariah, and Ahmad Bachmid. "Discrimination among Ethnic Minorities Groups in Singapore." Insaniyat: Journal of Islam and Humanities 5, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/insaniyat.v5i2.17915.

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This article analyzed the state of Singapore as a multiracial country and how Singapore issued regulations to harmonize life between different ethnicities in its society. This research used Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that allowed collecting relevant evidence on the given topic that fits the pre-specified eligibility criteria and have an answer for the formulated research questions. Data search was performed by searching the internet using databases such as Google Scholar, J store, Research Gate, Sage Journal, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The data source used in this research was the publication of the last 10 years. Some of the articles reviewed included minorities against Muslims, against ethnic minorities who were left behind in education and economics, and against people who failed to carry out the culture in the country of Singapore. These findings are largely consistent with the Singapore constitution, meaning that the Singaporean government provides equal treatment to all citizens. Article 152 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore guarantees the rights of minority communities to their religious belief and practice. However, in everyday life, there is discrimination against minorities, especially in terms of religion, culture, and social education. This research suggests enriching future research by obtaining interviews or direct questionnaires to minorities who live in Singapore.

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3

Debrah, Yaw A. "Tackling age discrimination in employment in Singapore." International Journal of Human Resource Management 7, no. 4 (December 1996): 813–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585199600000157.

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4

Gomez, James. "Politics and Ethnicity: Framing Racial Discrimination in Singapore." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 28, no. 2 (January 31, 2012): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v28i2.3431.

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Racial discrimination is a global phenomenon that the United Nations seeks to eradicate. In contemporary Singapore, research shows that the basis for racial discrimination is anchored in the role of ethnic identity and how it frames the formulation of policies related to education, employment, housing, immigration and politics. These policies have been formulated and implemented by the People's Action Party (PAP) government that has been in power for over 50 years. When confronted with its racially based policies, the PAP government insists that it follows a tolerant approach towards different races and that it promotes the idea of multiculturalism and meritocracy as a racial equalizer. However, ethnic minorities in Singapore complain they are being discriminated against daily on the basis of their race or religion. They argue that their views are often not given airing in the local mainstream media and they are further prevented from discussing these issues openly due to legislation restricting freedom of expression and assembly on these matters. Given this background, the first visit of a UN Rapporteur on racism to Singapore, at the invitation of the PAP government in April 2010, allowed the city-state's race-based policies to be put in an international spotlight. This study examines the visit of the UN Rapporteur, his initial findings, government and civil society responses, and the significance of this first UN mission. The paper locates its research on racial discrimination in the context of Singapore's political framework and the United Nations' efforts to eradicate racism. It argues that ultimately, policy changes in Singapore can only take place as a result of politically challenging the PAP government.

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5

Jaiswal, Ashish. "Skyline of Singapore in Night, Singapore." Spine 33, no. 22 (October 2008): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000338604.11462.2c.

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6

DeMartini, Anne L. "“Reverse” Discrimination in Sports." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 84, no. 2 (February 2013): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2013.757180.

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7

Tan, B. "The evolution of sports medicine in Singapore." Singapore Medical Journal 54, no. 10 (October 2013): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013198.

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8

Li, Huailu, Kevin Lang, and Kaiwen Leong. "Does Competition Eliminate Discrimination? Evidence from the Commercial Sex Market in Singapore." Economic Journal 128, no. 611 (August 7, 2017): 1570–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12476.

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9

Soong, Wan Yee, Keng Yee Goh, Huifang Xie, and Thiam Bon Lim. "Assessing the automotive paint evidence in Singapore via population and discrimination studies." Forensic Chemistry 21 (December 2020): 100289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2020.100289.

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10

VanSant, Ann F. "Singapore Time." Pediatric Physical Therapy 13, no. 1 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-200104000-00001.

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11

Aplin, Nick. "Sports and games in colonial Singapore: 1819–1867." Sport in Society 15, no. 10 (December 2012): 1329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2012.744205.

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12

Fässler, Andreas, and George Cassimatis. "Cable-Stayed Roofs for a Sports Complex, Singapore." Structural Engineering International 4, no. 3 (August 1994): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686694780601872.

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13

Ertanto, Boy. "Contested Spaces: Entanglement of Chinese Migration, Gender Discrimination, and Colonial Resistance in Olivia Ho’s “Working Woman”." Journal of Language and Literature 22, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v22i1.3742.

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Southeast Asian colonial experiences are of immense significance yet under-exposed. It entails an irony as Southeast Asia as a geographical entity is one of the most colonized regions in the history of humankind. This paper serves to provide an elaboration of the Chinese Singaporean colonial experiences during the British occupation in Singapore in a steampunk short story entitled “Working Woman” by Olivia Ho. This short story is compiled in an anthology of Southeast Asian steampunk short stories named The Sea is Ours: Tales from Steampunk Southeast Asia edited by Jaymee Goh and Joyce Chng. Postcolonial feminism approach is utilized as the critical framework in the analysis of the story. The analysis finds that there are three contesting themes in the narrative namely 1) the reception of forced migration of the Chinese that result in their permanent residence in Singapore, 2) double colonization undergone by the Chinese female characters, and 3) the resistance toward British colonial power and patriarchal subjugation in the Singaporean Chinese society. The three themes intermingle as a linear course of history rather than an independent sub-historical phenomenon within the fiction. Thus, the reception of Chinese migration in the fiction is made possible by the arrival of British colonialism in Singapore and as a result, discrimination and resistance of Chinese women become the implication of the contact of colonialism and migration.

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14

Padalkar, Pravin. "Singapore Court Riverside View." Spine 34, no. 4 (February 2009): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000346219.18307.ce.

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15

Li, Hui, and Nirmala Rao. "Parental influences on Chinese literacy development: A comparison of preschoolers in Beijing, Hong Kong, and Singapore." International Journal of Behavioral Development 24, no. 1 (March 2000): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502500383502.

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Parents of 480 Chinese preschoolers in Beijing, Hong Kong, and Singapore reported on their involvement in literacy teaching, the home literacy environment, and their beliefs about language learning. The preschoolers, ranging in age from 2 to 6 years, completed the Preschool and Primary Chinese Literacy Scale (PPCLS), in individual sessions. Results indicated significant age and societal differences on the total PPCLS score and also on the following subscales: Character Identification, Visual and Auditory Discrimination, and Word Recognition. In all three societies, older children outperformed younger children on these subscales. Preschoolers from Hong Kong and Singapore did significantly better than those from Beijing. Despite sociocultural variations (e.g., status of the Chinese language, government directives regarding the age at which to start literacy teaching, documented goals of the preschool curriculum), which contributed to societal differences, home literacy education significantly contributed to the prediction of Chinese literacy attainment in Beijing, Hong Kong, and Singapore.

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16

Lock, Jing Zhan, Raghuraj Hegde, Stephanie Young, Thiam Chye Lim, Shantha Amrith, and Gangadhara Sundar. "A study of sports-related orbital fractures in Singapore." Orbit 36, no. 5 (July 18, 2017): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01676830.2017.1337167.

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17

Chan, Ying-Kit. "“Sports is Politics”: Swimming (and) Pools in Postcolonial Singapore." Asian Studies Review 40, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2015.1124380.

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18

Low, R., and J. Singh. "Comment on: The evolution of sports medicine in Singapore." Singapore Medical Journal 54, no. 12 (December 2013): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013254.

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19

McNeill, M. C., and C. K. John Wang. "Psychological profiles of elite school sports players in Singapore." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 6, no. 1 (January 2005): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2003.10.004.

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20

Griffin, P. "World Transplant Games--Singapore, 1989." British Journal of Sports Medicine 24, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.24.2.130.

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21

Balasekaran, Govindasamy, Peggy Boey, and Cheo Yew. "Beginnings and development of rugby in Singapore." Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove 8, no. 2 (2021): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spes2102084b.

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In those early days, some sports were played as a variation of another. Rugby was one of the sports which was played as a variation of football. Codification of rugby rules took place only in the middle 1800 century and hence, participants of rugby games were a mixture of players from other sports such as tennis and cricket. Also, there was no formal rugby association or players with Singapore representation. The players that played for Singapore were members of the SCC and employees of the BEIC. Back then, they competed in tournaments against the Malayan states and other teams.

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22

Lew, Charles Chin Han, Gabriel Jun Yung Wong, Chee Keat Tan, and Michelle Miller. "Performance of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) in the prediction of hospital mortality in a mixed ICU in Singapore." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 28, no. 3 (November 26, 2018): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105818812896.

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Background: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) is used to quantify disease severity and hospital mortality risk in critically ill patients. It is widely used in intensive care units (ICUs) in Singapore, but its prognostic validity remains questionable as it has not been thoroughly assessed by established statistical methods. Objectives: This study aimed to: (a) evaluate the discrimination and calibration accuracy of the APACHE II in the prediction of hospital mortality in a mixed ICU, and (b) customise the APACHE II in an effort to maximise its prognostic performance. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted and all adult patients with >24 h of ICU admission in a tertiary care institution in Singapore were included. The outcome measure was hospital mortality, and all patients were followed-up until hospital discharge or death for up to one year after ICU admission. Results: There were 503 patients, and their mean (SD) age and APACHE II score were 61.2 (15.8) years and 24.5 (8.2), respectively. Hospital mortality was 31%, and no patients were lost to follow-up. The APACHE II has good discrimination (receiver operating characteristic: 0.76) but poor calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow C test: <0.001). Customisation did not significantly improve calibration accuracy. Conclusions: The APACHE II and its customised version should not be used in the local setting as they both have poor calibration. There is an urgent need for larger studies to perform second-level customisation or to develop a new prognostic model tailored to the Singapore critical care setting.

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23

Ong, Alexander, and Michael Koh. "Web-based database solution for sports performance indicators – the Singapore Sports School experience." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 5, no. 2 (November 2005): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2005.11868330.

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24

Wong, Hee-Kit, James H. P. Hui, Uma Rajan, and Hwee-Pin Chia. "Idiopathic Scoliosis in Singapore Schoolchildren." Spine 30, no. 10 (May 2005): 1188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000162280.95076.bb.

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25

O'Neill, Barry V., Kirsty M. Davies, and Tess E. Morris-Patterson. "Singapore Sling: F1 Race Team Cognitive Function and Mood Responses During the Singapore Grand Prix." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34, no. 12 (December 2020): 3587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002267.

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26

Teo, Youyenn. "Differentiated Deservedness: Governance through Familialist Social Policies in Singapore." TRaNS: Trans-Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 3, no. 1 (October 28, 2014): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2014.16.

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AbstractThe familialist orientations of the Singapore state on issues of social welfare ought not be taken for granted as static reflections of ‘culture’. Instead, it is a dynamic realm, and a useful site for analysing how and what sorts of state-society relations are forged. We can, moreover, deepen our understanding of governance in Singapore by looking beyond repression and discrimination and paying more attention to the processes of production and differentiation. In this article, I draw on examples from housing, healthcare, and childcare support, to understand how specific social identities and practices are marked as deserving public support. I argue that the logic and practices embedded in policies – what I call ‘differentiated deservedness’ – can be read as a productive and profound form of governance in which specific performances of the familial are generated, and through which norms about state-society relations and citizenship are forged. Scholars and activists who are oriented toward expanding social security and social justice should scrutinise reforms for the extent to which the logic of differentiated deservedness persists or changes.

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27

Leng, H. K., T. Y. Kuo, Grain Baysa-Pee, and Josephine Tay. "Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games and national pride." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 5, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-06-2012-0025.

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Purpose – Singapore hosted the inaugural Youth Olympic Games (YOG) in 2010. Prior studies have shown that a country hosting a major sports event can raise the level of national pride among its citizens. The purpose of this paper is to examine the change in national pride among spectators and non-spectators following the hosting of the YOG. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal research design was employed in this study. Surveys using the General National Pride Scale to measure the level of national pride were conducted two months before and after the YOG. Findings – Using paired t-tests, the results showed that there was a significant increase in the level of national pride among non-spectators. Research limitations/implications – The research concurs with earlier research that hosting a major sports event can increase the level of national pride in the population. Practical implications – From an application standpoint, this research suggests that in planning major sports events, the government should recognise that such events can increase the level of national pride even among those who have expressed no interest in the sports events. Social implications – National pride can be fostered through the hosting of major sports events. Originality/value – This study demonstrates that in hosting a major sports event, there is an increase in national pride even among non-spectators and those who have no interest in the event.

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28

YEN, H. L., K. CHUA, and W. CHAN. "Spinal injury rehabilitation in Singapore." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 21, no. 4 (December 1998): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004356-199812000-00004.

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29

Koh, Koon Teck, Wenxiang Foo, Goken Sakamoto, and Adrian Low. "The Profile of Coaching and Coach Education in Singapore: Past, Present and Future." International Sport Coaching Journal 1, no. 2 (May 2014): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2013-0027.

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The demand for certified sports coaches in Singapore is high, especially from the schools and private sectors. This trend is in line with the significant global growth of the vocation of sports coaching (Taylor & Garratt, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to provide an informal review of the state of coaching and coach education in Singapore, by addressing three main themes: (1) provide an overview of the evolution of the Singaporean coaching system since the late 1990s, (2) describe examples of identified ground up initiatives from various stakeholders within the coaching ecosystem and (3) draw conclusions from existing literature and provide suggestions on how coach education systems can be further developed. The foundation of the current coaching system was established in the late 1990s with the introduction of the National Coaching Accreditation Program (NCAP) and it is still the benchmark for the coaching practice in Singapore today. The basic NCAP is broken down to a theory and technical component which is administered by the Singapore Sports Council (SSC) and the National Sports Associations (NSAs) respectively. The SSC had embarked on various initiatives over the years to ensure that more Singaporeans have access to quality coaching.

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30

Henderson, Joan C., Ken Foo, Hermes Lim, and Serene Yip. "Sports events and tourism: the Singapore Formula One Grand Prix." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 1, no. 1 (March 19, 2010): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17852951011029306.

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31

Yeo, T. J., M. Wang, R. Grignani, L. P. Koh, F. Tan, G. Chan, C. H. Lee, and M. Richards. "PO548 A Prospective Sports Cardiology Registry of Athletes In Singapore." Global Heart 13, no. 4 (December 2018): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.419.

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32

Grant, Aimee. "“#discrimination”." Journal of Human Lactation 32, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334415592403.

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Background: Stigma is a significant barrier to breastfeeding. Internationally, mothers have reported stigma surrounding public breastfeeding. In the United Kingdom, the Equality Act 2010 gives women the right to breastfeed in public, including within private businesses. In April 2014, a woman who was breastfeeding in a UK sports shop was asked to leave, resulting in a localized protest by breastfeeding mothers. This resulted in the issue of public breastfeeding being highlighted in local, national, and social media. Objective: To examine online opinion regarding breastfeeding in public and protesting about the right to breastfeed in public within the context of a single case. Methods: Online user-generated content relating to the case of Wioletta Komar was downloaded from Twitter and the comments section of a UK online news source, Mail Online. Data comprised 884 comments and 1210 tweets, collected within 24 hours of the incident. Semiotic and thematic analysis was facilitated by NVivo 10. Results: Comments from Twitter were supportive (76%) or neutral (22%) regarding the protesting women and public breastfeeding. Conversely, Mail Online comments were mostly negative (85%). Mail Online posters questioned the legality of public breastfeeding, while Twitter comments acknowledged and supported women’s legal right to breastfeed publicly. Many Mail Online commenters stated that they found it uncomfortable to watch breastfeeding or thought it was unnecessary to breastfeed in public. Conclusion: If the UK government is serious about increasing breastfeeding, interventions to promote public support for public breastfeeding are urgently required.

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33

&NA;. "Celebrating 50 Years of Orthopaedics in Singapore." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200201000-00023.

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34

Meshev, Islam Khasanbievich, and Valery Akhiedovich Khazhirokov. "LEGAL REGULATION OF ISSUES OF DISCRIMINATION IN SPORTS." Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 11 (2022): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47576/2712-7516_2022_11_4_343.

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35

Quan, Jianchao, Deanette Pang, Tom K. Li, Cheung Hei Choi, Shing Chung Siu, Simon Y. Tang, Nelson M. Wat, et al. "Risk Prediction Scores for Mortality, Cerebrovascular, and Heart Disease Among Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 12 (July 9, 2019): 5823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00731.

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Abstract Context Risk scores for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes have not been commonly applied in Chinese populations. Objective To develop and externally validate a set of parsimonious risk scores [University of Hong Kong-Singapore (HKU-SG)] to predict the risk of mortality, cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease among Chinese people with type 2 diabetes and compare HKU-SG risk scores to other existing ones. Design Retrospective population-based cohorts drawn from Hong Kong Hospital Authority health records from 2006 to 2014 for development and Singapore Ministry of Health records from 2008 to 2016 for validation. Separate five-year risk scores were derived using Cox proportional hazards models for each outcome. Setting Study participants were adults with type 2 diabetes aged 20 years or over, consisting of 678,750 participants from Hong Kong and 386,425 participants from Singapore. Main Outcome Measures Performance was evaluated by discrimination (Harrell C-index), and calibration plots comparing predicted against observed risks. Results All models had fair external discrimination. Among the risk scores for the diabetes population, ethnic-specific risk scores (HKU-SG and Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation) performed better than UK Prospective Diabetes Study and Risk Equations for Complications Of type 2 Diabetes models. External validation of the HKU-SG risk scores for mortality, cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease had corresponding C-indices of 0.778, 0.695, and 0.644. The HKU-SG models appeared well calibrated on visual plots, with predicted risks closely matching observed risks. Conclusions The HKU-SG risk scores were developed and externally validated in two large Chinese population-based cohorts. The parsimonious use of clinical predictors compared with previous risk scores could allow wider implementation of risk estimation in diverse Chinese settings.

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36

Yates, Daniel. "Down with Discrimination." Physiotherapy 80, no. 9 (September 1994): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)60906-6.

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37

Kuek, Jonathan HL, Sheryl Y. Chen, and Hong Choon Chua. "The Need for Scholarly Evaluation of Programmes Targeting Mental Health Stigma in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 48, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v48n10p330.

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Stigma towards people with mental illness is widely prevalent in Singapore despite nearly 2 decades of anti-stigma efforts. The latest and most ambitious initiative to tackle stigma, “Beyond the Label”, was launched in 2018. We believe that it is timely to highlight the missing gap in Singapore’s anti-stigma efforts―the lack of evaluative research on anti-stigma programmes. It is crucial that organisations involved in the battle against stigma publish peer-reviewed papers detailing the construction and effectiveness of their programmes vis-à-vis established frameworks or guidelines. We also provide suggestions on useful resources for organisations that are engaged in anti-stigma work. Key words: Asia, Discrimination, Help-seeking, People with mental illnesses

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38

Chan, Shu Ann, Jun-Seok Lee, and Young-Tae Chang. "Colorimetric Sensor Array for Qualitative Water Analysis." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 9 (2009): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09289.

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A chemosensor array comprising 45 off-the-shelf colorimetric dyes, dubbed the Singapore Tongue (SGT), that is capable of discriminating different brands of bottled water and waters of different geographical attribute is described. Twelve kinds of bottled waters were tested by the SGT, and changes of absorbance spectra were analyzed by unsupervised classification methods to validate the SGT system for water analysis. All 12 bottled waters were discriminated at 1 × concentration, and SGT could distinguish the identity of samples of the waters diluted up to 100 times, except distilled waters. Following the study of 63 tap waters in different mass rapid transit stations in Singapore, two distinct clusters were observed from a principal component analysis plot, which correspond to the origin of the tap water. The successful discrimination and identification of in this study demonstrates the practical application of the SGT as a simple tool for water analysis.

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39

Mackinnon, Susan E., and A. Lee Dellon. "Two-point discrimination tester." Journal of Hand Surgery 10, no. 6 (November 1985): 906–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(85)80173-8.

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40

Braun, Richard M. "Two-point discrimination tester." Journal of Hand Surgery 11, no. 5 (September 1986): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(86)80032-6.

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41

Koh, W. P., K. Leung, L. Ang, and J. Thumboo. "Cigarette smoking and risk of severe osteoarthritis among Chinese in Singapore - the Singapore Chinese Health Study." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 21 (April 2013): S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2013.02.328.

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42

Burns, Ryan D., and You Fu. "Parental Perceived Discrimination and Youth Participation in Out-Of-School Sports." Children 9, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121808.

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The aim of this study was to determine the associations between perceived parental discrimination and youth participation in out-of-school sports. We analyzed a representative sample of US children and adolescents from the 2020 National Survey of Children’s Health (N = 30,656; 6–17 years old; 49.0% female). The dependent variable was a (No/Yes) response item asking parents about their child’s participation in out-of-school sports. Two binary response items asked parents if they perceived that their child was ever treated or judged unfairly because of their race/ethnicity and because of their sexual orientation/gender identity. Weighted multiple logistic regressions examined correlations between the discrimination variables and out-of-school sports controlling for demographics covariates including family income. After covariate adjustment, perceived parental discrimination because of race/ethnicity associated with 1.57 times higher odds of child participation in sports (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.17–2.03, p = 0.002). Conversely, discrimination because of sexual orientation/gender identity correlated with 57% lower odds of child participation in sports (AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio) = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.27–0.69, p < 0.001). After family income and other covariates were considered, perceived discrimination by parents because of their child’s race/ethnicity associated with higher probability of sports participation. Perceived discrimination by parents because of their child’s sexual orientation/gender identity associated with a lower probability of participating in sports.

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Cheuvront, Samuel N., Robert W. Kenefick, and Scott J. Montain. "IMPORTANT INSIGHT FROM THE 2003 SINGAPORE HALF-MARATHON." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, no. 10 (October 2007): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318148bbc5.

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Grala, Zuzanna. "Postcolonial analysis of educational language policies of Ireland, Singapore, and Malaysia." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 8 (December 31, 2022): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.14958.

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The aim of this paper is to compare the educational language policing in Ireland, Singapore, and Malaysia. While distant geographically, the three countries experience similar linguistic processes when it comes to anglicisation, and propose different solutions to the issue of balancing linguistic rights, and promotion of English as the language of globalisation. This comparison aimed to find out what influences language policing in postcolonial countries, and in what ways language shift can be prevented. The aspects of language policing strategies are presented as a way of protecting linguistic human rights, but also as a way of dealing with the aftermaths of the policies implemented by the British Empire. Similarities and distinctions in the language policies of Ireland, Singapore, and Malaysia prove that the weak position of native languages originates not in the “natural” decline of a language, but rather in the policy of promoting English by the colonial forces. Ethnic and linguistic discrimination favouring English speakers in Ireland, Singapore, and Malaysia, originates in similar, imperial linguistic ideologies, which are still reflected in the current language policies of countries of colonial past. While the countries approach their bilingual educational policing in different ways, ultimately the outcomes seem similar when it comes to linguistic attitudes and prestige.

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Oh, Ying Zi, Chin Thye Lee, Ang Tee Lim, and Khim Leng Tong. "Sports-Related Sudden Cardiac Deaths in Singapore – An Eleven-Year Review." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 48, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v48n5p156.

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Tan, Angela. "Critical success factors in sports tourism development: their applicability to Singapore." Journal of Sport & Tourism 5, no. 1 (January 1998): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10295399808718649.

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Chew, Wai Cheong Eugene, Ho Jin Chung, and Jung Woo Lee. "Sports clubs and organizations in changing times: the case of Singapore." Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21640599.2017.1285614.

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Sirisena, Dinesh, Sharon Lim, and Kong Chuan Teh. "Sports medicine in Singapore: integrating into public hospitals and secondary care." British Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 20 (April 4, 2016): 1234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096072.

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Maciejewska-Szałas, Maja. "Forma pisemna i elektroniczna umów w prawie singapurskim." Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, no. 21 (August 30, 2022): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.22.028.16144.

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Written and electronic form of contracts in Singapore law The article presents the complicated issues of concluding a contract in written and in electronic form, as well as meeting the requirements of the writing and signature by electronic record and electronic signature, respectively, in Singapore law. Singapore is an Asian pioneer in regulating e-commerce. Electronic Transactions Act (2010) is modern in nature, based on the principle of the functional equivalence of writing and electronic record as well as signature and electronic signature, and the principle of non-discrimination of messages and contracts in electronic form. Under Singapore law, “writing” includes print, typescript and other ways of presenting words in a visible form, while “signature” is any sign submitted by a signatory with the intention of signing and authenticating a document. The formal requirements for the writing and signature are minimal, the indicated terms have a very broad meaning, and the written form of the contracts has been regulated very liberally. As a consequence, Singaporean courts applied a liberal and, at the same time, functional approach in deciding whether the signature requirement was met by various types of electronic signatures and found that it was satisfied with, inter alia, keyboard electronic signature, i.e. the name written under the text of the declaration of will in the e-mail or SMS, and even the name that is part of the sender’s e-mail address, appearing in the header of the e-mail received by the recipient of the message.

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Jaiswal, Ashish. "Chatting Birds in Jurong Bird Park, Singapore." Spine 34, no. 10 (May 2009): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000351348.80468.64.

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