Дисертації з теми "Discrimination dans le logement – Gironde (France)"
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Thouron, Elise. "Qui peut (encore) habiter à Bordeaux ? : les parcours résidentiels dans la métropole bordelaise et en Gironde." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0031.
Based on the observation shared by local representatives and experts that it has become increasingly difficult to find accommodation in the Bordeaux metropolis, this dissertation explores housing strategies and trajectories within the Bordeaux metropolitan area and in the department of Gironde. Indeed, the tight real estate market as well as high purchasing and renting prices determine how people access, remain and move within the housing market, both for renting and home ownership. Therefore, beyond the matters of supply and of purchasing and renting prices, the main issue underlying the current housing market crisis lies in the fluidity of residential trajectories. In an action-research perspective, the goal is then to offer a more detailed description of housing trajectories and their obstacles to document the challenges facing public policies today. The methods used aim at describing on the one hand the strategies and on the other the housing trajectories. Starting from an overall characterization of flows based on Fidéli data, a survey conducted among households having recently moved and living in Gironde was adjusted and statistically analyzed. In order to better understand choices and housing strategies, interviews were carried out to supplement the quantitative analysis. From these interviews, which were compared with existing research, ideal types of housing trajectories could be defined, and made more precise by the results drawn from the survey’s multivariate analysis. The results reveal a typology of residential trajectories in Gironde falling into 6 groups : the “city homebuyers”, the “tenants newly arrived in Bordeaux”, the “young people benefitting from state aid and/or family resources" and who easily move to the suburban area, the “happy retirees”, the “mid-life individuals with intermediate occupations hindered in the metropolis” and finally, the “workers and employees hindered in Gironde”.Thus, the cross-analysis of housing trajectories’ ideal types and of housing trajectories’ typology shows that the life cycle alone does not explain the households’ residential trajectories. These are also socially selective. The wealthiest groups access home ownership more easily and renting even more so. On the contrary, the poorest groups are excluded from ownership, sometimes even in the suburban areas, even though becoming a homeowner remains a core residential demand. Moreover, inequalities in terms of resources, including for people at the same stage of the life cycle, also create important discrepancies in the fluidity of residential trajectories. Lastly, residential aspirations, that are unique to each life course, also influence housing trajectories. At comparable occupation and stage of life, individual life trajectories lead to different arrangements and choices.In light of these results, it becomes clear that public policies striving for fluidity in residential trajectories cannot merely be reduced to housing policies. They have to include social, economic and transport policies to enable affordable housing at every stage of life. In the end, residential trajectories encapsulate the challenges facing the city of tomorrow
Boccadoro, Natalie. "Le droit au logement." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100127.
Recognised as a fundamental right by several laws, an objective of constitutional value by the French Conseil constitutionnel and referred to by the Cour de cassation, legal nature of the right to housing has long been incertain. Right with no remedee, programatic right or social aim of a public policy, for many auteurs, the right to housing lacked the necessary characteristics for it to be a subjective right, claimable before a Court. Before the Act March 5th 2007, instauring a justiciable right to housing, the right to housing gained its full value when analysed as fundamental right. The complexity of the right to housing can be explained by the tension between the right to housing and the rights on housing. Thus, it is the implementation of the right to housing that gives it its concrete form
Bourgeois, Marine. "Tris et sélections des populations dans le logement social : une ethnographie comparée de trois villes françaises." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0011.
Through the example of social housing allocations, this dissertation examines the issues surrounding sorting and selection within public policy. It analyses how new social housing tenants are chosen and how discriminations play within the access to social housing. It highlights the rise of illegal allocation criteria and explains their recurrence at the local level. The study builds upon a comparative ethnography within three French conurbations and six social housing authorities. It gathers direct observations, interviews with social housing practitioners, as well as documents and statistical analyses. Its results firstly show the weakness of the normative power of the State and discuss the hypothesis of an implementation trick. Focusing on the establishment conditions of rules, at the meso level, the dissertation then identifies multiples regimes of households sorting, depending on the characteristics of the local context and of the collaborations between elected officials, housing authorities and economic actors. Studying precisely professional practices finally allows to precise the parameters that influence sorting processes of welfare agencies’ window users. It decomposes how housing allocation is discretionary and discriminatory only in some specific configurations, depending on the room of manoeuvers of the housing authority, the state of the social housing stock and the behaviours of street-level bureaucrats. The witnessed regularities in the implementation of public policy are finally explained by the significance of the institutional constraints and of the professional culture of civil servants
Dietrich-Ragon, Pascale. "Le logement intolérable : habitants et pouvoirs publics face à l'insalubrité." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0031.
For a few years, the housing issue and, within it, the damaged housing question, has been appearing the news. In Paris, a voluntarism policy against insaIubrity has been set up since 2002. 11us thesis focuses on 'the "careers" of those living in houses targeted by such policy. It studies the movement of this population from one house to another, but also its experiences and specific relationships to institutions. This thesis is based both on a survey, done twice in two years, with a sample of more than 500 people living in poor conditions, and on an ethnographical work. Between the lines, this work questions social policies based on emergency, which focus on marginal problems, and on their more extreme manifestations
Houard, Noémie. "Logement social, droit au logement, et mixité : de la mise sur agenda aux pratiques locales." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0009.
By crossing two approaches, public policy analysis and sociology of local public action, the objective is to identify the categories employed to describe the recipients of social housing, as well as those who are excluded, and to identify the processes and actors, who interfere in their emergence. The thesis reveals that as social housing pauperizes - in the early 1980s -, their administrators seem determined not to appear as simple lodging house keepers of poor people. They develop a strategy to change the image of social housing and participate in the emergence of two categories of local public action - the right to housing and social mixity -. Locally, the categories used to design the beneficiaries of social housing come from a system that impose its norms : those shared by representatives of the cities and the administrators of social housing. Indeed, the norms of occupying social housing are defined by those central actors ; whereas State representatives tighten on the regulation of the system and face difficulties with positioning themselves between their multiple roles. When implemente, the right to housing and the social mix can contradict themselves. The right to housing is applied in a minimal way, where the people in charge find an interest. The question of social mix is only mentioned in poor neighbourhoods, and serves as a major argument to refuse housing to the households judged as "unwanted". This thesis enlightens the rival conceptions of social housing, "universal" and "residual" ; the meaning of right to housing and social mix ; and the modes of regulation of the local public policy
Bourgeois, Marine. "Tris et sélections des populations dans le logement social : une ethnographie comparée de trois villes françaises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247191802.
Through the example of social housing allocations, this dissertation examines the issues surrounding sorting and selection within public policy. It analyses how new social housing tenants are chosen and how discriminations play within the access to social housing. It highlights the rise of illegal allocation criteria and explains their recurrence at the local level. The study builds upon a comparative ethnography within three French conurbations and six social housing authorities. It gathers direct observations, interviews with social housing practitioners, as well as documents and statistical analyses. Its results firstly show the weakness of the normative power of the State and discuss the hypothesis of an implementation trick. Focusing on the establishment conditions of rules, at the meso level, the dissertation then identifies multiples regimes of households sorting, depending on the characteristics of the local context and of the collaborations between elected officials, housing authorities and economic actors. Studying precisely professional practices finally allows to precise the parameters that influence sorting processes of welfare agencies’ window users. It decomposes how housing allocation is discretionary and discriminatory only in some specific configurations, depending on the room of manoeuvers of the housing authority, the state of the social housing stock and the behaviours of street-level bureaucrats. The witnessed regularities in the implementation of public policy are finally explained by the significance of the institutional constraints and of the professional culture of civil servants
Gueye, Serigne Touba Mbacké. "La Politique du logement social en France et au Québec (Canada) entre 1990 et 2008 : les enjeux de la mixité." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0061.
The main aim of this thesis is to treat, by a thorough comparative analysis, failure of the policy of social diversity in France and reasons of its absence in the public policies of Quebec. Thus, the defended thesis consists in showing that social diversity does not exist yet in the French and Quebec public social housing even if one can note policies which were supposed to carry it out -social diversity political in France and of Community development and communities in Quebec. Since the beginning as of the Nineties, social diversity is considered, in France, as one of the best solutions to many problems with which the inhabitants of the disadvantaged districts are confronted. Contrary to France, the Nineties, in Quebec, were remembered by the withdrawal of the Federal state of any financing of the public social housing. This withdrawal registered Quebecese social Housing Park in a process of degradation and impoverishment without precedent
Nony, Isabelle. "N'habite pas à l'adresse indiquée : la question du logement depuis 1830." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0010.
The housing question appeared around 1830, when industrial revolution increased rural exodus transforming the residential patterns. Social housing became part of the broader social question, including working and living conditions. Some thinkers believed that building houses for workers would guarantee family stability. They promoted the single-family cottage as a condition for social peace. State action was not considered necessary until the Second World War, following which Welfare-state policy included housing policy. It supposed housing building, rents controling, but also city planning and the creation of building standards. After 1977, the housing question went From being a political to a social issue, and building support switched to rent paying support. After earth property, house property is considered the prerequisite for citizenship and housing policy often takes the form of help for owning a house. However, it increased the gap between landlords and tenants. At the same time, social housing, originally built to be a step towards property, became a trap for several households unable to afford apartments. Comfort, safety and security are not guaranteed for ail housing places and this situation is considered in breach of the right to housing. A "good house" must provide a place to live, look after one's family, work and develop sociability. When links between apartment and neighbourhood are not possible, integration by housing is not possible. Consequently, city planning and housing policies shall therefore be worked on and implemented together so as to overcome the above-mentionned limit of social integration by housing
Fack, Gabrielle. "Formation des inégalités, politiques du logement et ségrégation résidentielle." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0085.
This thesis on housing inequalities is organized in two main parts. The first part analyses the efficiency of housing policies that aim at providing low income households with affordable housing. We propose an evaluation of the incidence of housing benefits on rents by exploiting a reform that extended the benefits in the 1990's. Our estimations show that they have led to an increase in rents. The second part studies how housing markets contribute to create educational inequalities. We first analyse theoretically the effect of strict school zoning on residential stratification and educational inequalities. We then estimate empirically the impact of public schools' performance on housing prices. We find a modest but significant effect of middle school performance on housing prices in Paris. We also show that the presence of private schools in the neighbourhood tends to attenuate the impact of public schools
Girault, Frédéric. "Le vote comme expression territoriale des citadins : Contribution à l'étude des ségrégations urbaines." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL389.
Bouillon, Florence. "Les mondes du squat : anthropologie d'un habitat précaire /." Paris : Presses universitaires de France : ["Le Monde"], 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41444849n.
Ebermeyer, Sophie. "Conditions de logement et insertion résidentielle des étrangers dans les grandes villes françaises : Contribution à l'analyse du rôle de l'origine ethnique dans la ségrégation résidentielle." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10148.
The thesis purpose is to apprehend residential segregation from both sides : the ethnic origin and town. Based on a theoretical position which establishes a link between segregation and discrimination, we have checked that the ethnic origin may radicalise the social segregation or is a means to go round it. Indeed, the margings in the accomodations' conditions identified between the different national groups and some aspects of assiociated spatial forms, show variations depending on urban contexts. However, these variations can not be only explained by structure effects, while ethnicity appears to be a social construction. This permits us to confirm the link supposed as an hypothesis between discrimination and ethnic segregation
Rathelot, Roland. "Ségrégation résidentielle et situation professionnelle des descendants d'immigrés en France." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0114.
The main objective of this thesis is to provide new empirical evidence about the phenomenon of discrimination towards immigrants' children on the French labor market and about residential segregation by national origin in France. The main results are the following. The wage differential between French workers of French and African origin are almost entirely accounted for by differences in human capital. Conversely, human capital explain little of the employment probability gap. When one controls for individuals' residence location, the unexplained employment gap between the two groups is reduced but remains substantial. This thesis also provides some results about migrants' and migrants' children's residence location, geographical concentration and residential segregation. French individuals with parents of African, Asia and Middle Eastern origins are shown to be more segregated than those with European parents or French parents. Finally, this thesis has many methodological contributions. Decompositions of wage gaps taking selection into account as well as decompositions of employment gaps taking residence location into account are introduced. A new bias-correcting method for segregation indices computed on small units as well as a segregation index based on continuous non-parametrically estimated densities are also proposed
Penven, Alain. "Intégration et ségrégation des populations pauvres ou marginales : l'exemple des politiques rennaises pour l'habitat." Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20012.
This thesis, drawing on research in urban social geography, analyses deprivation and its treatment within the framework of French urban and social development policies. The French city of Rennes including its surrouding urban district was chosen for study, since it is of a suitable size and has been particularly active and renowned for its policy and results in this area. A multifaceted and cross-disciplinary study of the phenomenon was carried out, analysis being undertaken at different levels, and models of the different processes involved were constructed. These models were then used to interpret the phenomena of integration and segregation, to explain the mechanisms involved in the creation of the fabric of an urban community and to understand the logic behind the behaviour expressed in the struggle for urban citizenship and urban unrest. After having recalled the history of the social housing movement ; in order to show that the recent proclamation giving the right to housing should be viewed as the culmination of a series of policies and social movements, a close examination of different housing projects and initiatives aimed at supplying suitable housing in the Rennes area was carried out. An examination of the spatial distribution of population using comparative and multi-variate analysis was undertaken. In particular an attempt was made to test different tools for the apprehension of the residential structure of a city and the characterisation of the phenomenon of urban poverty. A detailed examination of the different social and urban development policies implemented throughout the nineteen-eighties was carried out in order to characterise the different interventions of different agents playing a role in the creation, renovation and management of social housing stock. Lastly, a study of the socio-residential histories of individuals and families suffering from poverty has highlighted the wide variety and evolving nature of their situations as well as the unpredictable effects of social integration policies
Schwabe, Markus. "Eine neues Stadtmodell für die Postindustrielle Stadt ? : eine sozialräumliche Untersuchung französischer Städte." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010692.
Raad, Lina. "Transformations sociales en banlieue rouge : politiques locales, stratégies résidentielles et inscription territoriale des classes moyennes." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070069.
The red suburbs are a belt of municipalities surrounding Paris that have been conquered by the Communist party from the 20's. For a long time, they have been characterized by social redistribution policies in favour of the working class, especially in the housing field. Since the 70's, the red suburbs have known intense economic and social transformation that destabilized the municipal communism. This thesis deals with the interactions between local housing policies in the red suburbs and residential strategies and territorial integration of middle classes, in a socio-spatial context where they are in minority. Since the 80's, social mix is a main objective of local housing policies in the red suburbs; those municipalities chose to diversify the housing stock, within die social housing stock, but also in developing private houses. The will to attract and stabilize middle classes contends with the necessity of offering dwellings to working classes and destitute populations. This thesis shows that communist municipalities still distinguish themselves by a strong regulation and by innovative practices in the housing policies field. The field survey with middle classes in two municipalities (Bagnolet, Saint-Denis) allows to moderate the role of economic constraints in their residential strategies : settling in the red suburbs give them opportunities to satisfy their aspirations about the dwelling but also about the residential neigbourhood Furthermore, some households show a preference for working class districts, and have a positive attitude towards social mix. In some cases this goes with personal commitment in direction of destitut populations. Some others are more reserved towards social mix, and use territorial conquest strategies, or choose to leave the red suburbs in direction of more wealthy districts. We analyze the functioning of local anchorage and of die attitude towards social mix of middle classes, in relation with their social and residential trajectories
Monmousseau, Fanny. "Ségrégation sociale et intervention publique : analyse économique d'une politique d'incitation à la production de logements sociaux." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450654.
Launay, Lydie. "Les politiques de mixité par l’habitat à l’épreuve des rapports résidentiels : Quartiers populaires et beaux quartiers à Paris et à Londres." Paris 10, 2011. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01419196.
Since the early 2000s, the increasing social polarisation of Paris and London legitimates the development of new social mix strategies in a "social rebalancing" of the city perspective. The analysis of their foundations reveals the central role given to housing for "key actors of the city" and key workers, considered as central actors 'relay' of social mixing. The coexistence of these specific categories of the middle classes with popular classes and ethnic minorities would supposedly improve their integration to the city and widely, to the society. Based on empirical work conducted on operations in the low-status and wealthy neighbourhoods, this thesis questions this assumption by analyzing social relationships to residential areas of social groups putting in a situation of co-presence. It highlights four ways of living in the neighbourhood and of coexisting from a multidimensional approach: the social characteristics of individuals, the residential trajectory and how the new residential situation is experienced, and social and physical characteristics of the neighbourhood. In this perspective, it analyses the otherness relationships of individuals that establish the boundaries between them and the “others” through a social reading and also, at varying degrees, a racial reading of the social world
Du, Juan. "Entre solidarité et exploitation : Marches ethniques du logement et du travail et insertion urbaine des migrants chinois en banlieue parisienne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC038/document.
This thesis has as its main object of interest the forms of agency manifested in the everyday life of Chinese migrants in disadvantaged situations in France. This is studied through fieldwork conducted in two neighborhoods in Paris suburbs, which received a great number of arrivals “from the bottom”, who began their life as migrants through an undocumented period. Despite a double exclusion in the host society from migration policies and from the market, Chinese immigrants usually manage to pull themselves out. How did they achieve this?By investigating the access to housing and work, two essential domains in the migration experience, this thesis attempts to address this problem with a focus on ethnic markets. In those markets, both interpersonal relationships and community bonds based on ethnicity are mobilized as resources.This thesis aims first to bring to light ethnic markets in housing and work, in order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms that enable this ethnic economy to function. Both in scholarly and political perspectives, this thesis emphasizes three essential questions: the emic approach, in which the perspectives of migrants themselves are privileged, the tension between the importance of community resources in the everyday life of Chinese immigrants and their constraints, and finally the false dilemma between community and integration
Cohen, Muriel. "Des familles invisibles : politiques publiques et trajectoires résidentielles de l'immigration algérienne (1945-1985)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001023.
Darroman, Mélanie. "Renaissance de l'habitat participatif en France : vers de nouvelles formes négociées de fabrication de la ville ? Deux études de cas dans l'agglomération bordelaise : le projet HNord (Bordeaux) et La Ruche (Bègles)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0485.
This PhD thesis questions the combined effects of the challenges of sustainable urban development and a growing priority for inhabitants – users – citizens, to participate in contemporary metropolitan production. Since the early 2000s, there is in France an emergence of alternative housing experiences as a result of social demands. The generic term of « participative housing », recently defined by the bill for access to housing and urban renovation (ALUR), published in the Official Journal on March 26, 2014, gathers with one voice, the variety of these initiatives at work, contributing to ensure the dynamic structuring and dissemination of the participative housing movement. Referring to the civil protests of 1970-1980, criticizing modern urban planning and public policy, the current projects tackle once again of how to combine the inhabitants expertise with professional expertise in the production of housing, and more broadly in the decision-making processes of regional planning. Producing innovative participatory practices, the resurgence of participative housing reveals different logics of social commitments on the part of citizens, activists and professionals, and negotiated forms of housing production. As a consequence, the « bottom-up » dynamic, based on the demands and initiatives of the inhabitants, opposes the « top-down » dynamic, based on the initiative of politico-institutional bodies in full renewal of their modes of action and know-how. Supported by a multi-dimensional framework of negotiations, the thesis analyzes the interactions and forms of hybridization of this ongoing collective production through a three dimensional approach : the value related dimension, to set the base of social transactions ; the organizational and relational dimension to observe the micro-political groups-projects ; the procedural dimension to grasp the temporality of the project and the key moments of negotiation of the whole process. For this, we build on two case studies in the Bordeaux area, being subject to processes of metropolization : the case of the residents cooperative HNord in the Dupaty housing block in Bordeaux ; and the multi-partnered participative housing project, La Ruche, in the town of Bègles within the framework of the « Operation of National Interest » (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Governed by a CIFRE program with the « Local Planning and Development authority » (EPA) Bordeaux-Euratlantique, the research is based on an ethnographic approach : participant observation, interviews with target stakeholders and a literature review. The investigations conducted at different scales offer a macro, meso and micro-social understanding of the process of participative housing production and dissemination. The results of the thesis highlight the partnership conditions between different groups of stakeholders – inhabitants, institutions and expertsn – in the production of participative housing leading to a societal and professional paradigm shift through a renewal of ways of living, knowledge and expertise. Thus, we propose a reflection on ways and possibilities how to integrate this collective and civic dynamics in the decision-making processes of urban planning for metropolitan production and to see how this participatory and collaborative phenomenon can serve as an innovative tool in territorial management for our future cities