Статті в журналах з теми "Discipline, 1888"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Discipline, 1888.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Discipline, 1888".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
ROSE, EDWARD P. F. "MILITARY GEOLOGY: AN AMERICAN TERM WITH GERMAN AND FRENCH ANCESTRY." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.2.357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The year 2019 marks the 80th anniversary of the start of the Second World War and the 75th anniversary of the Allied landings in Normandy: respectively the first major conflict in which geologists were deployed professionally in uniform by opposing sides from the start of hostilities, and the first successful major amphibious assault whose planning was significantly influenced by geologists. ‘Military geology’ had become established within major world powers as a discipline relevant to military operations, following its initial development in the First World War. The term in English had entered scientific literature via publications in the USA from 1917 onwards, initially by Joseph Ezekiel Pogue, Jr (1887–1971). This followed use of ‘Militärgeologie’ from 1913 by Walter Kranz (1873–1953) in Germany, a term subsequently used also in Austria-Hungary, although mostly replaced by ‘Kriegsgeologie’ in both nations from 1915 and by ‘Wehrgeologie’ from about 1935. However, ‘géologie militaire’ was in French use even earlier, notably in the sub-titles of books by an infantry officer, Joseph-Charles-Auguste Clerc (1840–1910), on the French Alps in 1882 and the Jura mountains in 1888. This term complemented use of ‘géographie militaire’, a name in use since 1836 for a subject whose study was given impetus in France by defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. In recent years ‘military geoscience’ has come into more popular use, reuniting military geology with geography and embracing associated disciplines.
2
Genin, Vincent. "« J’ai été longtemps minoritaire »." Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 85, no. 1-2 (June 22, 2017): 272–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08512p10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The legitimation process of international labour law in Belgium (1888-1938), Legitimity, experiences and memories of the Belgian Ernest Mahaim. The aim of this contribution is to explain and understand the emergence of international labour law in Belgium in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. First a marginal discipline disputed by the doxa of lawyers, diplomats, and politicians, international labour law is a direct result of the social evolution of the country. This paper focuses on the process of legitimation of this particular branch of law between 1888 to 1938 through the prism of one of his main specialist in Belgium, and also a key-figure of a worldwide network, Ernest Mahaim , professor at the University of Liège.
3
Perea Siller, Francisco Javier. "First transcriptions of Spanish in Le Maître Phonétique (1888-1901)." Loquens 9, no. 1-2 (June 9, 2023): e092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2022.e092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lǝ mɛ:tr fɔnetik (Le maître phonétique) gathers the first attempts to transcribe texts in Spanish based on the phonetic alphabet published in 1888. We have a large number of phonetic transcriptions from 1888, but we will focus on the period until 1901. Some of them have the name of their author (namely by Tomás Escriche y Fernando Araujo) while others appear without authorship. Furthermore, the journal hosts the theoretical debate around the sounds of Spanish that should be considered in the phonetic transcriptions. We will examine the terms in which the discussion is developed, as well as the improvement of the transcriptions over these years which are keys to the configuration of phonetics as a scientific discipline.
4
Małek, Łukasz A., Witold Śmigielski, Hubert Krysztofiak, Mikołaj Marszałek, and Wojciech Drygas. "Longevity of Polish male Olympic medallists born between 1888 and 1965." Biomedical Human Kinetics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2021-0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Study aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the lifespan of Polish male Olympic medallists in comparison to the general male population. Material and methods: The study included 238 Polish male Olympic medallists who participated in the Olympic games in 1924–1992. Duration of life in relation to the general Polish population was assessed. The age of acquiring their first medal, type and number of medals won and sports discipline were taken into consideration. Results: Polish male Olympic medallists born before 1940 lived over 8 years longer in comparison to the general population (p < 0.0001, d = 0.689 and d = 0.750). Over 80% of them lived up to 65 years of age and over 40% up to 80. In the general population only <70% and <30%, respectively, reached the equivalent lifespan (p = 0.010 and p = 0.040, RR = 0.480 and RR = 0.783). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that survival was shorter in Olympic medallists who won their first medal before the age of 25 (p = 0.040) and in those engaging in endurance or power sports vs. mixed or skill disciplines (p = 0.010). Conclusions: Polish male Olympic medallists lived significantly longer than the general population of Polish men. The longevity of male Olympic medallists was affected by the age of acquiring their first medal and by the category of sport practised.
5
Schut, Pierre-Olaf, and Matthieu Delalandre. "L’échec d’une discipline : Montée et déclin de la spéléologie en France (1888-1978)." Revue d'histoire des sciences 68, no. 1 (2015): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhs.681.0081.
Повний текст джерела
6
Lüdecke, Cornelia. "Neumayer’s impact on meteorology in Germany." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 123, no. 1 (2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs11035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When Georg von Neumayer (1826–1909) had a practical training with Johann von Lamont (1805-1879) at the observatory at Bogenhausen (today part of Munich), he learnt not only about astronomical observations and the construction of instruments, but also about magnetic and meteorological measurements, as well as the organisation of networks of stations and the importance of publication of measured data and their analysis. When he became first Director of the Deutsche Seewarte (German Maritime Observatory) in Hamburg (1876–1903) he subsequently introduced weather telegraphy and synoptic meteorology and installed a workshop for the development and calibration of meteorological and magnetic instruments and compasses. He also initiated the establishment of a weather service in Bavaria and the aerological (kite) station at Groß Borstel close to Hamburg (1903). Under his guidance the Deutsche Seewarte soon took over a leading role in Germany, which was confirmed in Neumayer’s membership in the International Meteorological Committee (1879–1888). Finally he became the founding President of the Deutsche Meteorologische Gesellschaft (German Meteorological Society) in 1883. This can be regarded as a further important step for the institutionalisation of meteorology as a discipline in Germany.
7
Varela Suanzes-Carpegna, Joaquín. "Un influyente maestro del derecho político español: Vicente Santamaría de Paredes (1853-1924) = An influential master of the Spanish Political Law: Vicente Santamaría de Paredes (1853-1924)." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 34 (June 1, 2014): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.34.2014.14078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vicente Santamaría de Paredes fue el más influyente cultivador del Derecho Político durante la Restauración (1874-1923). Sucesor de Colmeiro y predecesor de Adolfo Posada en la Cátedra de esa disciplina en la Universidad Central, sus principales obras fueron el Curso de Derecho Político y el Curso de Derecho Administrativo. Ambas vieron la luz por vez primera en los años ochenta del siglo XIX y fueron objeto de numerosas reediciones. Tuvo además Santamaría una notable actividad como abogado, como parlamentario en las filas del Partido Liberal, como ministro de Instrucción Pública y Bellas Artes en un Gobierno presidido por Segismundo Moret y como preceptor del Rey Alfonso XIII. A Santamaría se debe el impulso de la ley que en 1888 reformó la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa y que trazó la nueva planta del Consejo de Estado. De su trayectoria, sobre todo académica en el ámbito del Derecho Político, se ocupa esta semblanza.Vicente Santamaría de Paredes was the most influential professor of the Spanish Political Law during the Restoration (1874-1923). Successor of Manuel Colmeiro and predecessor of Adolfo Posada in the chair of this academic discipline at the Central University of Madrid, their main works were the Curso de Derecho Político and the Curso de Derecho Administrativo. Both were published for first time in the eighties of the nineteenth century and re-edited many times after. Santamaría had also an important activity as a lawyer, as a member of Parliament inside the Liberal Party, as a minister of Education in a Cabinet headed by Segismundo Moret and as preceptor of King Alfonso XIII. Santamaría promoted the Act which in 1888 carried out a deeply reform of the administrative jurisdiction and drew up the new functions of the Consejo de Estado. This essay deals with his career path, especially in the field of the Political Law.
8
Nicolas, Serge, and Agnès Charvillat. "Introducing psychology as an academic discipline in France: Théodule Ribot and the Collège de France (1888-1901)." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 37, no. 2 (March 2001): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.1002.
Повний текст джерела
9
Suay-Matallana, Ignacio. "Scientific Families and the Shaping of an Expertise in Analytical Chemistry in Modern Spain." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/host-2017-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper focuses on how two Spanish chemists—Antonio Casares Rodríguez (1812–1888), and his son José Casares Gil (1866–1961)—constructed their expertise in chemical analysis in modern Spain. It considers both their family connections and local networks as crucial elements in the consolidation of their scientific authority, as well as the importance of travels and textbook writing, in shaping expertise in places usually considered peripheral. Finally, this article shows how both experts were able to circulate between different spaces, notably the laboratory and the field, in this case natural springs and spas; the university and governmental committees and institutions, in this way forging new possibilities for the consolidation of analytical chemistry as a scientific discipline in Spain.
10
Pearce, Colin. "Enlightenment, modernity and democracy:." dianoesis 12 (May 22, 2024): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/dia.37815.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This essay seeks to demonstrate a certain overlap between the political thought of Leo Strauss (1899-1973) and H. L. Mencken (1888-1956). The argument fully recognizes that Strauss is a political philosopher inclined to the classics and natural right, and Mencken is a journalist inclined to the moderns and the power of scientific progress, they nevertheless occupy the same terrain in respect of certain opinions on the purely political plane. Allowing a great distance between the two men philosophically speaking, we can still see them come together in arguing that a regime which looks up to certain individuals of ability, talents, character, intellect and virtue has to be the standard by which the discipline of political science makes its judgments concerning the phenomena of political life.
11
Meves, Uwe. ",,Wann und wo ist das ungeheuerliche wort Germanistik aufgekommen?“." Zeitschrift für Germanistik 30, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92167_639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Während das Aufkommen der Bezeichnung Germanist für die Vertreter der Deutschen Philologie von der zweiten Hälfte der 1830er Jahre an nachweisbar ist, blieb Weinholds 1888 aufgeworfene Frage ,,Wann und wo ist das ungeheuerliche wort Germanistik aufgekommen?“ bisher unbeantwortet. Die hier vorgestellten Belege zeigen, dass der Terminus Germanistik schon seit den frühen 1850er Jahren insbesondere in Zeitungsbeiträgen erscheint und als Bezeichnung für die noch neue Disziplin verwendet wird. Als Verfasser des Artikels mit dem (bisher) frühesten Beleg für Germanistik konnte der ,Altmünchener‘ Privatgelehrte Hyazinth Holland ermittelt werden, der mehrfach vergeblich eine Universitätsprofessur zu erlangen suchte.While the emergence of the term Germanist for the representatives of German philology can be traced from the second half of the 1830s on, Weinhold’s question ,,Wann und wo ist das ungeheuerliche Wort Germanistik aufgekommen?“ [When and where did the monstrous word Germanistik arise?], brought up in 1888, has not been answered up to now. The evidence presented here proves that the term Germanistik <?page nr="648"?>has been used since the early 1850s, particularly in newspaper articles, being coined as a term for the still young academic discipline. The author of the article with the (so far) earliest evidence of Germanistik could be identified as the ,Altmünchener‘ private scholar Hyazinth Holland who repeatedly tried in vain to obtain a university professorship.
12
Wiling, Michael. "Competition for the Chair for Pharmacology at the University of Dorpat in 1882 between Hans Horst Meyer and Gustav von Bunge." Acta medico-historica Rigensia 15 (2022): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study focuses on the first position held by pharmacologist Hans Horst Meyer (1853–1939) 1 as a professor of pharmacology, dietetics, and the history of medicine at the University of Dorpat (today, Tartu University, Estonia) from 1882 to 1884. Meyer is known as the founder of pharmacology as an independent academic discipline in Vienna (Austria). 2 He competed with the well-known physiologist Gustav Piers Alexander von Bunge (1844–1920) for the position of the chairman of the department in 1881. Meyer was given the position of a professor in Dorpat instead of Gustav von Bunge (1844–1929). The outcome of the competition raises several research questions: why Meyer was allocated the chair in 1881; which arguments spoke in favour of Meyer and what was against him, what spoke against von Bunge; which historical events influenced university life in Dorpat; under which political and ideological currents the decision for the new professor was made. Events such as the Russification of the university and the assassination of Alexander II (1818–1881) significantly impacted teaching at the University of Dorpat from 1875 to 1885. During that period, both professors formed the basis of their outstanding academic careers. The arti- cle provides biographical analysis of Hans Horst Meyer based on Meyer’s files from the University’s of Tartu archive. Since Meyer competed with Gustav von Bunge for his first position as a chairholder, the biography of Gustav von Bunge has also been studied, contextualising it with the significant changes in the organisation of the University of Dorpat. Individual academic achievements of both scholars have been identified and listed using such platforms as Web of Science, Neurotree, the pharmacological journal “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology”, The Online Books Page, and WorldCat. Afterward, the conclusions about the individual scientific portfolios of the two applicants for the chair- man of the department have been made. Finally, contributing factor to why Hans Horst Meyer was successful with his application has been identified.
13
Beneyto, José María. "Camilo Barcia Trelles on Francisco de Vitoria: At the Crossroads of Carl Schmitt’s Grossraum and James Brown Scott’s ‘Modern International Law’." European Journal of International Law 31, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 1477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Carl Schmitt’s The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of the Jus Publicum Europaeum (1950) undertook a re-interpretation of the modern origins of the discipline of international law, placing Vitoria at its pivot, as the Spanish international law professor Camilo Barcia Trelles (1888–1977) had done before. Barcia’s work had a strong influence on some of the seminal pieces on international law and geopolitics that Schmitt wrote in the period from 1941 to 1950. This was the case for Schmitt’s historical mythology of the opposition between sea and earth and its juridical consequence, his doctrine of the Grossraum, which had as its basis Barcia’s account of the Monroe Doctrine, and also of Schmitt’s critique of the ‘discrimination of war’ formalized in the Kellogg–Briand Pact. According to Barcia, the exclusion of European powers from the American continent by the United States as a rising hegemon was transformed – thanks to its domination of the sea – into the global reach of a world police power. Barcia did not agree with Brown Scott’s transformation of international law through American liberal internationalism into ‘modern international law’. While Brown Scott and Schmitt were competing for two opposing vernaculars of the discipline in search for a new definition and to shape it, Barcia was instrumental in the opposed efforts of these two apparently very dissimilar representatives of international law by ushering Vitoria into their service.
14
Killingray, David. "The ‘Rod of Empire’: The Debate Over Corporal Punishment in the British African Colonial Forces, 1888–1946." Journal of African History 35, no. 2 (July 1994): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700026396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Throughout the twentieth century the British Colonial Office sought to limit the severity of corporal punishment and to regulate more closely its use in the colonies. This article has looked at one aspect of that policy involving the African Colonial Forces. Most military officers argued that corporal punishment was essential to maintain discipline, especially in times of war or active service. The Colonial Office sought to limit severely the circumstances in which corporal punishment could be administered but accepted that its use should be retained or revived during the two World Wars.In the Second World War the arguments for retaining corporal punishment for African soldiers were increasingly denounced by officials and various humanitarian lobbies. African Colonial Forces had come under direct War Office control in September 1939 and during the war many African soldiers served overseas alongside British and other units; they also constituted part of an imperial order which, so propaganda increasingly proclaimed after the fall of Singapore, was opposed to racial discrimination. Corporal punishment based on racial terms was out of kilter in the war and was maintained only at the insistence of senior military men. Once the war was over the Colonial Office ordered that this ‘relic of discrimination’ should be ended.
15
Frantzich, Stephen E. "A Note to Students About C-SPAN." News for Teachers of Political Science 54 (1987): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0197901900000416.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The courses outlined below are designed to analyze various aspects of the American political process utilizing the capabilities of C-SPAN, the cable coverage of the U.S. Congress. Before exclaiming “Gee, goody, we get to watch T.V.,” a few words of explanation are necessary. Until recently, most students of public policy and particularly the Congress were limited to studying it from afar. Woodrow Wilson wrote his classic book Congressional Government (1888) without ever coming to Washington D.C. Many contemporary scholars and journalists interview the participants in the political process and rely on written records, but most cannot base their research on viewing Congress in action. The serious student has had to rely on selective and limited news coverage or wait for a number of years while a select group of events percolated through the academic publishing process to become part of “the literature”. Students often come away from political science courses with the impression that the discipline is solely retrospective and lack a feeling for how the tools of political science can be applied to the here and now.
16
Randall, Ian M. "‘Austere Ritual’: the Reformation of Worship in Inter-War English Congregationalism." Studies in Church History 35 (1999): 432–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400014194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Writing in 196s, Horton Davies, in his magisterial examination of worship and theology in England, gave a glowing account of advances made in Free Churches over previous decades towards ‘a worship that is deeply reverent, sacramentally rich, ecumenically comprehensive, and theologically faithful’. This study examines the pressure for reformation in worship which emerged, particularly in the 1930s, within English Congregationalism. Pressure came from an exploration of the Reformed and Puritan roots of the denomination and from the influence of wider forms of corporate devotion. By 1943, Nathaniel Micklem (1888-1976), Principal from 1932 of Mansfield College, Oxford, and the most formative theologian espousing new versions of Reformed thought, could write Congregationalism and the Church Catholic, affirming that ‘by the faithful preaching of the Word, the believing celebration of the sacraments and the exercise of Gospel discipline, the Church is kept in the doctrine and fellowship of the apostles and stands in true succession’. The inter-war years, a period of marked Anglo-Catholic dominance, saw Anglican and Free Church leaders who had been shaped by evangelical theology re-examining their practices in the light of higher forms of worship. In Congregationalism, which with almost 300,000 members in England was the largest of the older Dissenting denominations, this process had distinctive features deriving from its own history.
17
Moreno Villanueva, José Antonio. "El diccionario de especialidad como instrumento de comunicación científica: el ejemplo de la electricidad, 1880-1910." Dynamis 41, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 525–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v41i2.24542.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En este artículo se ofrece un panorama de los diccionarios de electricidad publicados en Europa entre 1880 y 1910, etapa en que esta disciplina y sus aplicaciones técnicas e industriales experimentaron un importante desarrollo. En particular, se atiende a los repertorios que circularon en España, tanto en su lengua original como sobre todo traducidos, pues su autoría correspondió mayoritariamente a ingenieros franceses, ingleses y alemanes: Jacquez (1883), Dumont (1889), Houston (1889), Lefèvre (1891), O’Conor Sloane (1892), Hospitalier (1900), Deinhardt y Schlomann (1908), etc. Asimismo, se presta atención a otros diccionarios técnicos de autor español, como los de Clairac (1877-1908) o Camps y Armet (1888), en cuyas páginas está especialmente presente el tecnicismo eléctrico. El acercamiento a este conjunto de diccionarios pone manifiesto el papel que correspondió a los distintos repertorios de especialidad en el proceso de comunicación y divulgación científica de la época, y permite señalar la existencia de discursos complementarios, reflejo de variadas situaciones comunicativas (la que se da en el seno de la comunidad científica, en el mundo técnico e industrial, entre la comunidad técnica y científica y el lector profano…), que hablan asimismo de cómo se resuelve en ellos la tensión entre lengua y ciencia.
18
Mansfield, Elizabeth. "THE VICTORIAN GRAND SIÈCLE: IDEOLOGY AS ART HISTORY." Victorian Literature and Culture 28, no. 1 (March 2000): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150300281084.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The true greatness of this great century consists . . . not in its vain wars, and formal stage, and stilted eloquence, and pompous palaces, and grandiose art, but in the formation and working out of the political and social system of which these things were the first fruits. It is idle to indulge in academical discussions as to the merits of this system. We have inherited it, it has penetrated our lives in every direction, we act, we think under its invisible pressure, and its study is pregnant with teaching.— Emilia Dilke, Art in the Modern StateFUSING AESTHETIC INQUIRY WITH POLITICAL THEORY, Emilia Dilke’s Art in the Modern State heralds a shift in the evolving discipline of art history. Published in 1888, the book succeeds her well-received The Renaissance of Art in France (1879) and anticipates by a decade her multi-volume study of the arts of eighteenth-century France. Methodologically, however, Art in the Modern State stands apart from her other books. Predicated upon the supposition that art — indeed all cultural production — derives from and serves the “invisible pressure” of ideology, the book points to a new direction in Victorian aesthetic theory. Specifically, the book offers the first direct application of Marxist philosophy in an art historical text. That this innovation met and continues to meet with critical as well as popular indifference appears, at first, extraordinary. Considered within the context of Victorian art writing and materialist art history, however, the sources of this critical neglect begin to emerge.
19
Woźny, Marzena. "Rola Józefa Łepkowskiego w pozyskaniu dla krakowskich instytucji zbiorów Karola Rogawskiego i Bolesława Podczaszyńskiego." Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki 67, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.22.036.16967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Role of Józef Łepkowski in Acquiring the Collections of Karol Rogawski and Bolesław Podczaszyński for Krakow Institutions During many years of scientific activity, Józef Łepkowski (1826–1894), archaeologist, the first Polish professor of this discipline and protector of monuments, looked after the collections belonging to the Krakow Scientific Society (the predecessor of the Academy of Arts and Sciences), the Jagiellonian University, and the Czartoryski dukes for whom he acquired the collection items. The archaeological artifacts, works of art, works of artistic craftsmanship, collections of weapons, and other artifacts obtained by him constitute a valuable part of the resources of Krakow institutions to this day. The article shows the methods by which, in the 19th century, objects were acquired for state institutions, scientific societies and large, aristocratic collections. The author takes as an example the fate of the collections of Karol Rogawski (1820–1888) and Bolesław Podczaszyński (1822–1876). Encouraged by Łepkowski, Rogawski donated the book collection, archaeological artifacts, and works of art and crafts to the Jagiellonian University and the Czartoryski dukes. However, a specialized part of Podczaszyński’s collection – archaeological artifacts with notes on prehistoric finds from the territory of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – was purchased by the Academy of Arts and Sciences as a result of Łepkowski’s efforts. Therefore, thanks to the long and complicated measures taken by this tireless researcher, museum expert, and protector of monuments, the collections survived in their entirety to the present day, avoiding the dispersion to which many other private 19th-century collections were subjected.
20
Widacki, Jan. "Początki kryminologii w Polsce. Od ery prepozytywistycznej do pełnego pozytywizmu." Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa 13, no. 4 (2020): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844131ks.20.036.12761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The publication of Cesare Lombroso’s The Criminal Man in 1876 is generally considered the birth of criminology. The new science did not emerge all of a sudden but resulted from a longer process. Various attempts, feasible for the scientific method at successive stages of its development, were made to explain the reasons for criminality before the arrival of the era of positivism and contemporary science, and the construction of Lombroso’s theory of the born criminal. Franz Joseph Gall proposed the theory of phrenology, claiming that the shape of the brain is decisive for criminal tendencies. Philippe Pinel perceived the cause of crime in “mania without delirium”, and James C. Prichard in “moral insanity”. The developing social sciences and the positivist physicalism governing them made it possible to handle the statistical aspects of the phenomenon (A.M. Guerry, A. Quetelet). Such novel scientific information reached Poland mostly through physicians, yet was hardly interesting for lawyers brought up on the foundations of the classical school. In criminal law, they a priori rejected determinism together with the achievements of contemporary science. The first of the Polish lawyers to support the concept of determinism in human and social behaviours was professor of criminal law Józef MichałRosenblatt. He also realised that the new discipline of criminology, distinct from criminal law, was being born. In 1888 Ludwik Krzywicki, a social philosopher, teacher, and sociologist could have been the first to use the term “kryminologia”in Poland. He also challenged Lombroso’s theory, criticising it from Marxist and sociological positions. However, one of the most fascinating Polish criminologists of the late 19th century was professor of forensic medicine Leon Wachholz.
21
Sibenik, Peter M. "“The Black Sheep”: The Disciplining of Territorial and Alberta Lawyers, 1885–1928." Canadian journal of law and society 3 (1988): 109–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100001356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Law Society of Alberta was given an almost exclusive jurisdiction to discipline Alberta lawyers in the 1920s. “The Black Sheep” uses the records of governments, courts and law societies in the old North-West Territories and Alberta to trace the emergence of this aspect of professional self-governance from 1885 to 1928. For most of this period, governments and then courts had disciplined lawyers. However, there was an increasing number of public complaints and criticisms directed against lawyers in the mid-1910s and especially after the Great War. By the 1920s the Alberta Government, the senior judiciary and the Law Society of Alberta decided, each for different reasons, that the best way to handle the complaints was to let the profession discipline itself. Ironically, the number of complaints increased even as the Society exacted greater discipline on lawyers.
22
Mahmud, Iqbal. "Chemical Engineering Education and Practice in Bangladesh." Journal of Chemical Engineering 26 (March 24, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v26i1.10174.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chemical Engineering as a distinct engineering discipline is now more than hundred years old. It was 1888 when Professor Louis Mills Norton first introduced the curricula for Chemical Engineering at MIT. As creative chemists came up with new chemicals it provided ever new challenges to the Chemical Engineers to innovate new industrial processes applying the new found knowledge in unit operations, unit processes, reaction engineering, process control, (later) transport phenomena and (recently) process integration. In Bangladesh the founding fathers of engineering education took a long term view of the industrial development prospects and took the innovative decision to introduce Chemical Engineering curricula in the erstwhile Ahsanullah Engineering College in the early fifties. During these early years large corporations in the public sector provided the initial thrust for development of chemical and process industries. However it was not adequately appreciated during the formative years that mere experience in the successful operation of complex chemical plants does not constitute technology transfer in the real sense of the term. Professional in the field stressed the need for setting up of design sections where local chemical engineers with inputs form relevant professionals would be able to contribute meaningfully in establishing the design criteria for a plant. In the private sector Chemical Engineers have demonstrated in Bangladesh that they can be innovative in transferring technology and developing Ceramic and medium scale Basic Chemical industries. Thus, it has been amply demonstrated that accumulating technological capacity through such dynamic technology transfer efforts should be one of the avowed objectives of any development process. Professional Capability and Areas of Competence of Chemical Engineers have grown over the years in this country and this issue has been elaborated with specific examples.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v26i1.10174 JCE 2011; 26(1): 1-8
23
Ceribašić, Naila. "Musings on ethnomusicology, interdisciplinarity, intradisciplinarity, and decoloniality." Etnološka tribina 49, no. 42 (December 21, 2019): 3–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15378/1848-9540.2019.42.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thinking from the perspective of Croatian ethnomusicology as one of ethnomusicologies "at home", the author muses on the position of ethnomusicology on a global scale, and in particular how it relates to mainstream English-language ethnomusicology and other fringe ethnomusicologies, the interdisciplinary links with sister disciplines (primarily ethnology and cultural anthropology), and endeavours to decolonize ethnomusicology. By taking into account the issue of reciprocity (or the lack thereof) between various disciplines and the linguocentric predicament of (ethno)musicological studies, she argues that more intellectual effort than is being currently exerted should be invested into engaged comparison of one's own fieldwork, analytical processes and research outcomes with cross-cultural ethnomusicological literature and literature in other disciplines of music studies. Related to this is her suggestion to take the issue of decoloniality seriously. Therefore, instead of mere celebration of different ethnomusicologies, she proposes a combination of "bi-ethnomusicologicality" and "going pidgin" ethnomusicology as means for making ethnomusicology a more relevant discipline on a global scale.
24
Gómez-Bezares Pascual, Fernando. "Presente y futuro de las finanzas corporativas." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 14, no. 27 (December 29, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v14i27.316.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este artículo, tal como refleja su título, expone cuál es la realidad actual y las perspectivas de futuro de las finanzas corporativas. Comienza explicando su nacimiento como disciplina académica y su evolución, centrándose en los problemas que se abordan y las soluciones que se aportan a finales de la década de los setenta del pasado siglo, que puede considerarse como el momento de su consolidación (paradigma de los setenta). Se analizan después las principales aportaciones de los últimos 40 años, con sus fortalezas y sus debilidades; constatando que el avance no ha sido disruptivo. Concluye el trabajo viendo por dónde podrían o deberían ir los progresos de las finanzas corporativas en los años venideros.This article, as it is reflected in its title, sets out what are the current reality and future prospects of corporate finance. It begins by explaining its birth as an academic discipline and its evolution, focusing on the problems that are addressed and the solutions that are used in the late seventies of the last century, which can be considered as the moment of its consolidation (paradigm of the seventies). After that there is an analysis of the main contributions of the last 40 years, with their strengths and weaknesses; noting that the progress has not been disruptive. The work concludes by looking at where the progress of corporate finance could or should go in the years to come.
25
Schröder, W. "The First International Polar Year (1882-1883) and International Geophysical Cooperation." Earth Sciences History 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.10.2.lw7605573v36911w.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a part of the historiography of individual scientific disciplines, the present paper provides a brief history of the development of Polar geophysics. Among important factors are expeditions and international cooperation (Magnetic Association of Göttingen; First International Polar Year, Berlin Atmospheric Programme, etc,). The history of observations and scientific expeditions is reviewed. The sources of data, beginning with the 18th century, as well as the scientists and institutions involved in these programs are noted.
26
Vieira Neto, Serzenando Alves. "Moritz Thausing e a história da arte como ciência." Revista de História da Arte e da Cultura 2, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 142–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rhac.v2i2.15089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Em um contexto de profundas transformações nas disciplinas universitárias, Moritz Thausing (1838–1884) se coloca como um convicto defensor do estatuto científico da história da arte, sustentando a possibilidade de a jovem disciplina se apresentar como um campo sólido do conhecimento, baseado na estrita pesquisa empírica e na superação da especulação filosófica e dos juízos subjetivos. Apresentamos a seguir a tradução desse importante debate, uma conferência de 1873 intitulada O lugar da história da arte como ciência.
27
Fernández Fernández, Antonio, and Edilberto J. Rodríguez Rivero. "Itinerario histórico y situación actual de la disciplina presupuestaria empresarial." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 8, no. 14 (July 1, 2011): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v8i14.107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El estudio de anales y crónicas literarias, así como la observación diacrónica de la ciencia contable a partir de la literatura especializada, nos ha permitido modelar y a su vez exponer, tanto una aproximación científica de los orígenes de la disciplina presupuestaria, como un reflejo de su trayectoria histórica y de su situación vigente.En este artículo exponemos un extenso conjunto de referencias de orden historiográfico que representan el itinerario seguido hasta nuestros días por esta disciplina de la ciencia contable. Su análisis ha puesto de manifiesto que a lo largo de la historia se han sucedido constantes transformaciones de las técnicas y de los procedimientos presupuestarios utilizados en el mundo de los negocios; y que el actual escenario empresarial presenta una incuestionable tendencia evolutiva hacia la configuración de un nuevo marco presupuestario, más adaptativo, flexible y descentralizado, en el que las aptitudes directivas constituyen el eje central sobre el que gira el éxito de los negocios.
28
KONDRATIUK, Kostiantyn, and Oresta KOTSIUMBAS. "ACADEMIC GYMNASIUM IN LVIV: 1849-1914." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-50-68.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Academic Gymnasium was found in October 1784 at the University of Lviv. This is a state secondary educational institution of the humanitarian direction. The graduates-maturists had the opportunity to continue their studies at the university after its completion. The Academic Gymnasium was the oldest gymnasium with the Ukrainian language of instruction. The information concerning the gymnasium's organization's functioning and principles till 1848 was lost due to revolutionary events. We can find the data about the organization of the institution's functioning, the number of teachers and students, and their social origin from 1849. At the same time, this date coincides with the secondary school's reform in 1849 based on the «Organizational Essay of High Schools and Actual Schools of Austria» and the «Normative Plan of Education for Gymnasia», which functioned until 1910 with minor changes. Exactly these normative documents regulated the functioning of the gymnasium - the organization of the educational process, the language of teaching, the priority of disciplines, the number and load of teachers, the organization of extra-curricular activities of high school students. Since 1907, the gymnasium is reorganized into the Main Gymnasium due to the number of students' growth and moving into a newly built building on L. Sapieha street and the Branch in the premises of the Narodnyi dim (People's Hall). The educational process in the gymnasium was carried out based on ministerial plans. By the end of the 20th century, more than 60% of the educational time was spent on learning languages, and the natural and mathematical cycle reached 25%, which indicates the humanitarian direction of gymnasium preparation. The situation was changed by the curriculum for classical gymnasiums in 1909, according to which the disciplines of the natural-mathematical cycle were synchronized with the requirements of universities. The article's main thesis is that during the 1849-1914 years, the Tsissar-Royal Academic Gymnasium in Lviv developed into a leading secondary educational institution. Mostly Ukrainian Greek Catholics, natives from Halychyna, studied here. The headmasters of the gymnasium were experienced teachers, skilled administrators. During the second half of the 19th century - at the beginning of the 20th century, the gymnasium was headed by Franz Brugger (1848-1858), Ivan Piontkovskyi (1858-1868), Vasyl Ilnytskyi (1868-1892 ), Edvard Kharkevych (1892-1911) and Illia Kokorudz (1911-1927). The teaching staff was increasing quantitatively and qualitatively. Careful selection, education requirements, and teaching methods provided the gymnasium with qualified specialists and responsible officials. The institution's educational process was provided by about 23-25 teachers, 70% of whom were gymnasium professors. Teachers of gymnasium conducted classes on a high professional level with students and created original textbooks in their native language, literature, history, and geography. Many teachers of the gymnasium and later graduates became well-known socio-political figures, scientists, and artists.So, Academic Gymnasium in Lviv is a secondary educational institution of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It functioned following Austrian secondary school legislation. The Academic Gymnasium, being in the structure of the Lviv University, provided it with well-prepared entrants. Students received a profound knowledge of normative disciplines in the gymnasium and a good national and religious education. The heads of the educational institution were experienced teachers and organizers who took care of the proper provision of the educational institution with teaching staff. The educational and methodological literature was supported, developed, and implemented in the educational process, together with teachers and public figures. Teachers of the gymnasium constantly worked on self-education and were active socio-political leaders. Keywords: Academic Gymnasium, organization, Krajova Szkolna Rada (Region School Council), teachers, teaching process, students, educational legislation.
29
Mattessich, Richard. "A concise history of analytical accounting: examining the use of mathematical notions in our discipline." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2006): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v2i2.230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este trabajo ofrece una sucinta revisión de los métodos de matemática analítica empleados en teneduría de libros y contabilidad durante los últimos cinco milenios. Sin embargo, el énfasis se centra en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en el cual el uso de ideas matemáticas, de conceptos formales y de técnicas es cuando verdaderamente floreció. Aparte de un uso creciente del interés compuesto y de los cálculos del valor actual, las últimas se refinarongrandemente con la introducción de variables probabilísticas, de modelos estocásticos, de errores en términos estadísticos (como se encuentran, por ejemplo, en la versión ampliada y perfeccionada de la clean surplus theory). Pero este período (de los últimos 50 años más o menos) comenzó propiamente con modelos contables deterministas (que han probado su valor práctico últimamente en el desarrollo de hojas de cálculo electrónicas y sistemaspresupuestarios). Hubo asimismo mucha experimentación con álgebra lineal y no lineal (incluyendo el álgebra matricial) y otras técnicas de investigación operativa, así como en métodos de muestreo estadístico contable que han probado su utilidad particularmente en la auditoría. Con todo, el logro intelectual culminante fue el lento pero impactante desarrollo de las posibilidades de información (information perspective) ofrecidas por la contabilidad(incluyendo información económica, la perfeccionada versión de la clean surplus theory y la teoría matemática de la agencia. Estos esfuerzos han sido resumidos recientemente en la obra en dos volúmenes de Christensen y Feltham (2003, 2005).
30
Byford, Andy. "Psychology at High School in Late Imperial Russia (1881–1917)." History of Education Quarterly 48, no. 2 (May 2008): 265–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2008.00143.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Secondary education is one key area in which academic disciplines build their identity and legitimacy in the public realm. The public image of a science is, of course, constructed by a variety of means and on different platforms, including the generalist media and the lively industry of scientific popularization. However, the school occupies a unique role in representations of science because of its greater degree of formal continuity with the academic environment. The successful institutionalization and maintenance of any discipline depends on it taking root, in some form at least, in the system of public instruction. Because education both fosters and depends on disciplinary reproduction, the concrete shape that school subjects take is of great consequence to the long-term development of related sciences.
31
Orlandi, Eni. "La notion de langue nationale: où la théorie manque et la langue déborde." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 31 (October 5, 2011): 25–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2011.841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"Nous étudions le discours sur la langue au Brésil à partir des grammaires produites par des grammairiens brésiliens, en considérant le fait que le Brésil est un pays qui a subi le processus de colonisation. Júlio Ribeiro (1881), João Ribeiro (1887),M. Pacheco da Silva (1878), M. Pacheco da Silva et B. Lameira de Andrade (1887), sont des grammairiens brésiliens qui écrivent des grammaires au Brésil pour des Brésiliens et qui, entre autres, participent à la construction de l’État brési- lien, dans son unité et dans son identité (Langue / Nation / État). Le processus de grammatisation brésilienne du portugais constitue un savoir sur la langue et ses singularités et il contribue à l’historicisation de la langue sur le territoire national brésilien. Par ailleurs, des disciplines de la linguistique – comme le comparatisme, la dialectologie, la sociolinguistique variationniste – ont fourni d’importantes con- tributions pour l’analyse et la compréhension des relations entre langues dans d’autres contextes historico-politiques. Ces théories et leur terminologie permettent de montrer le changement entre une forme latine et la forme d’une langue romane. Cela devient plus complexe néanmoins lorsqu’il s’agit du rapport entre les formes de langues de colonisation (portugais / brésilien; espagnol / hispano-américain, etc.). Des notions très productives dans d’autres situations linguistiques que celles de la colonisation – comme changement, dialecte, par exemple – sont assez polémi- ques quand il s’agit du rapport entre les langues du colonisateur et du colonisé. L’usage de ces notions ne donne aucune visibilité à des faits de langage résultant de heurts propres au processus de colonisation. Le cas brésilien met spécifiquement en jeu le rapport de la langue portugaise à des centaines de langues indigènes, aux langues africaines, à celles de l’immigration, à partir du XIXème siècle, et à celles des frontières."
32
Pisano, Raffaele. "SCIENCE, SOCIETY AND CIVILIZATION IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 55, no. 1 (July 10, 2013): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/13.55.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What about science, society and education in the history? In the 19th century Europe the figure of the scientific engineer is emerging. In Paris the Grandes Écoles were founded, where the most distinguished mathematicians of the time taught to students and drew up treaties. and Joseph–Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) and Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) were among the first professors of mathematics at École Polytechnique (1794), a military school for the training of engineers. In 1794 the École Normal of Paris was also born, in 1808, the École normale supérieure Paris was founded, a school that had as its goal the training of teachers of both science and humanities. On this model, with a Napoleonic decree of 1813, it was established the first foundation of the Scuola Normale in Pisa. The attention of the French mathematicians toward applications was therefore, at least in part, due to the need of educational institutions to train technicians for the new state. Such an attitude is not found in Germany, the country that in the nineteenth century was with France at the forefront of European mathematics. On the one hand, great importance was attributed to purely theoretical disciplines, such as number theory and abstract algebra, on the other hand the natural philosophy aim to frame in the same theory at all the physical disciplines. In Germany a great engineering school eventually developed which become dominant in Europe. But interaction between scientists and engineers has existed since ancient times: e.g., for the study of prototypes and machines for the society. Questions might be: when, why and how the tension between mathematics, physics, astronomy, gave rise to a new scientific discipline, the modern engineering? What is the conceptual bridge between sciences researches and the organization of technological researches in the development of the industry?
33
Ford, Richard. "Major Milestones in the Development of Sigma Gamma Epsilon's Core Traditions." Compass: Earth Science Journal of Sigma Gamma Epsilon 84, no. 1 (January 6, 2012): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.62879/c14887143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Society of Sigma Gamma Epsilon (SGE) is now more than 95 years old, making it one of the oldest, currently active geological societies in North America; the Geological Society of America was founded in 1888 and the Paleontological Society dates to1908. Among discipline-specific honor societies in the sciences, it is also one of the oldest (Table 1). At the national level SGE is strong, with over seventy active chapters within college and university geoscience departments across the country (Table 2). The primary mission of Sigma Gamma Epsilon has been to recognize academic excellence and promote the professional growth of students of the Earth sciences. The various chapters also play an important role in contributing to the social life and collegiality of their home department and many chapters provide valuable outreach and service to their campus and community. This was very evident in the chapter reports presented at the Society"s 41st National Convention (March 26-28, 2010). Table 3 provides basic information about all of SGE"s national conventions. As a student organization, the national conventions have served a vital role in shaping the Society"s core traditions and most of the organizational innovations and “firsts” discussed below were enacted by student delegates at the national conventions. It is my belief that membership in any professional organization is enhanced by a basic understanding and appreciation of the organization"s history. A comprehensive history of Sigma Gamma Epsilon"s first fifty years (1915-1960) was prepared by SGE member Patricia Daniel (1996a,b) and published in The Compass. More recently, Don Steinker (2002) provided a historical overview of the efforts to admit women into Sigma Gamma Epsilon. The purpose of this communication is to update and abstract some important milestones from these previous works, in celebration of The Compass becoming an electronic journal with this issue [v. 84(1)]. In addition, Tables 2 and 3 serve to update chronological listings of chapters and national conventions previously published in print-based issues of The Compass (Steinker, 1981; Merriam, 1991). My secondary goal is to begin collecting and synthesizing information for a comprehensive history of SGE"s second fifty years; our centennial in 2015 is fast approaching.
34
Stadler, Friedrich. "Philosophie - Konturen eines Faches an der Universität Wien im „langen 20. Jahrhundert“." Austriaca 78, no. 1 (2014): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/austr.2014.5020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Après une courte présentation du rôle de la philosophie comme discipline fondamentale, au sein de la Faculté de philosophie, depuis la fondation de l’université de Vienne en 1365, nous nous intéressons à son évolution depuis 1848, et plus particulièrement au XXe siècle. Nous étudions les évolutions, entre ruptures et continuités, tant des personnes que des institutions, et procédons à une analyse thématique de la recherche et de l’enseignement philosophiques dans ce contexte historique. Cette évolution reflète le rôle et la fonction de la philosophie comme «discipline reine» au sein de la Faculté des lettres. Les mutations successives de la Faculté des lettres correspondent au changement de statut de la philosophie par rapport aux autres disciplines jusqu’à aujourd’hui. La restructuration et le renouveau de la philosophie dans le sens de l’interdisciplinarité, au sein de la Faculté des lettres et des sciences de l’éducation depuis les années 2000, lui apportent une nouvelle visibilité et une reconnaissance internationale.
35
Nieto, Carlos Zúñiga. "The Concept of Sentimental Boyhood." Boyhood Studies 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/bhs.2018.110103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores the popularization of the concept of sentimental boyhood during the anticolonial insurrections in the Ten Years’ War (1868– 1878) and the Caste War (1847–1901) in Cuba and the Yucatán Peninsula in the early 1870s. The concept was popularized as childhood advocates articulated a uniquely Mexican emotional standard in the process of child-rearing, promoting the individual cultivation of honor, the management of anger, and the use of fear as discipline. Beginning in the 1870s, Mexican educators popularized theories of boyhood drawing on European notions of boyhood, including work by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. While educators promoted Rousseau’s and Pestalozzi’s “sentimental notions of boyhood” in rural Yucatán, pedagogues in Mexico City advocated the use of fear to instill obedience among boys.
36
Hernández Esteve, Esteban. "Carlo Antinori: un grande ricercatore, un grande uomo. Ricordi personali Un gran investigador, un gran hombre. Recuerdos personales." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 3, no. 5 (December 31, 2006): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v3i5.194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carlo Antinori è scomparso. Io ho perso un grande amico, un amico di quelli raramentese ne possono incontrare più de tre o quattro lungo tutta una vita; la Storia della Ragioneria haperso un grande uomo di scienza, un gran ricercatore, un vero patriarca che ha contribuito aconvertirla nella disciplina che è oggi, conosciuta e apprezzata in tutto il mondo.Incontrai personalmente il professor Carlo Antinori a Londra nell’estate del 1980, inoccasione del “III Convegno Mondiale degli Storici della Ragioneria”. Lo conoscevo già dinome, per avere letto parecchi lavori Suoi e, soprattutto, la Sua trascrizione del TractatusParticularis De Computis et Scripturis di Luca Pacioli nell’italiano moderno. Per questo, fuper me una gran gioia ed insieme un onore conoscere personalmente un così rinomato storicodella ragioneria, uno dei grandi pionieri della disciplina, insieme a Raymond De Roover, BasilYamey, Ernest Stevelinck, Tito Antoni, Pierre Jouanique, Paul Garner, David Forrester e pochialtri.
37
P. Vertoudakis, Vassilios, and Panagiotis Deligiannakis. "Philosophia facta est quae philologia fuit." Revista de Filosofía Universidad Iberoamericana 51, no. 146 (March 3, 2020): 170–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48102/rdf.v51i146.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Friedrich Nietzsche se consagró activamente a la filología clásica —como alumno, estudiante, investigador y docente— por veintiún años; desde su entrada al célebre liceo clásico de Pforta (1858) hasta la renuncia a su cargo en la Universidad de Basilea (1879). Estos años constituyen casi la mitad de su vida consciente.1 Su retiro del puesto de profesor universitario no conllevó su renuncia a la filología como instrumento de interpretación del mundo, tanto de aquel de la antigüedad como el de la modernidad. La filología clásica fue la única disciplina científica en la cual Nietzsche se educó en forma sistemática y, como opción de vida, afectó su perspectiva, de intelectual y escritor, hasta el fin de su actividad efectiva. En El ocaso de los ídolos (Götzen-Dämmerung), obra de 1888, último año antes de su colapso mental, Nietzsche optó por dedicar el último capítulo a su adeudo para con los antiguos: “Lo que debo a los antiguos” (Was ich den Alten verdanke).
38
Smith, Nathan E. C. "Narrative histories in mycology and the legacy of George Edward Massee (1845–1917)." Archives of Natural History 47, no. 2 (October 2020): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2020.0661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mycology is a relatively small and young discipline that has yet to achieve the institutional presence of similar disciplines such as botany and zoology. Because of this, mycological histories are often written by practitioners aiming to establish a narrative of professionalization that confirms mycology as a scientific discipline instead of a natural history pursuit. George Edward Massee (1845–1917) was one of the foremost mycologists of the late nineteenth century, achieving the top position in the field as Principal Assistant (Cryptogams) at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and publishing over 250 books and articles. Providing a link between the great Victorian mycologists Mordecai Cubitt Cooke (1825–1914) and the Revd Miles Joseph Berkeley (1803–1889) and the more modern school that included the likes of Elsie Maud Wakefield (1886–1972), he achieved this position without a university education. However, since his death, his achievements have been subject to multiple negative assessments and, as a result, he has become increasingly obscured in the history of British mycology. The majority of these unfavourable appraisals originated from the publications of Dr John Ramsbottom (1885–1974), a mycologist and historian who was a key member of the British Mycological Society and a founding member of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History. These articles were published across the first half of the twentieth century, and Ramsbottom's works have since become standard texts in both the biography of Massee and the history of British mycology. Here I question the validity of the substance of Ramsbottom's claims against Massee, given the circumstances under which Ramsbottom's articles were written and the relationship between Massee and the fledgling British Mycological Society, initially run by Carleton Rea (1861–1946) and of which Ramsbottom was a senior member. I examine wider reasons for such strong criticism of Massee and explore the professional differences and relationships between Massee and Ramsbottom, placing the analysis firmly in the context of changing scientific practice occurring in the early twentieth century.
39
Gładkowski, Krzysztof. "Szwajcarska geneza antropologii i etnologii Jana Czekanowskiego (1882-1965) i Stanisława Poniatowskiego (1884-1945)." Politeja 20, no. 1(82) (June 28, 2023): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.20.2023.82.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SWISS GENESIS OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY BY JAN CZEKANOWSKI (1882-1965) AND STANISŁAW PONIATOWSKI (1884-1945) The history of Polish science still has many gaps. This is the case of Jan Czekanowski and Stanisław Poniatowski. They both studied physical anthropology at the University of Zurich. This article explains the reason for their ethnographic and ethnological research, which they successfully conducted in these disciplines. In addition, the questions of how they got to Switzerland and what prompted the choice of the field of study are answered. The political context of both scholars going to study in Switzerland is taken into account. For the first time in Polish literature on the subject, a complete list of scholars and courses that they studied at the University of Zurich is provided. The list is reconstructed on the basis of sources located in archives and libraries in Zurich.
40
Maier, Bernhard. "Celtic Correspondences: Letters from Whitley Stokes to Adolphe Pictet and from Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville to Ernst Windisch." Studia Celto-Slavica 11 (2020): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54586/mzup8096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When Johann Caspar Zeuss laid the foundations of modern Celtic Philology with his Grammatica Celtica (1853), he had at least three immediate forerunners: the English physician and anthropologist James Cowles Prichard (1786–1848) with his book The Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations (1831), the Swiss specialist in ballistics and amateur linguist Adolphe Pictet (1799–1875) with his essay ‘De l’affinité des langues celtiques avec le sanscrit’ (1836), and the German founding father of Comparative Philology Franz Bopp (1791–1867) with his treatise ‘Über die celtischen Sprachen vom Gesichtspunkt der vergleichenden Sprachforschung’ (1838). However, as Prichard had died as early as 1848 and Bopp had moved on to studying other branches of Indo-European, it was only Adolphe Pictet who continued his Celtic researches in the wake of Zeuss’ seminal work, publishing articles in scholarly periodicals and corresponding with fellow scholars in Ireland, Britain, France and Germany. For the last sixteen years of his life, Pictet exchanged letters with Whitley Stokes, who was just beginning to make his name in Celtic Philology at that time. While Pictet’s letters to Stokes have yet to be traced, 26 letters and two postcards from Stokes to Pictet are extant among the papers of Adolphe Pictet in the Library of Geneva. Among the papers of the German Celticist and Indologist Ernst Windisch (1844–1918), which are preserved in the Archive of the University of Leipzig, the most extensive collection of letters and postcards in the field of Celtic Studies is due to Kuno Meyer (1858–1919), who was among Windisch’s earliest, most faithful and most productive pupils. Next to this, the most extensive Celtic correspondence of Windisch appears to have been with his French colleague Henri d’Arbois de Jubainville (1827–1910), first professor of Celtic at the Collège de France and long-time editor of Révue celtique. Unlike Windisch, who was an Indo-Europeanist by training and continued to combine an interest in ancient Ireland with one in ancient India for most of his active academic career, d’Arbois de Jubainville was first and foremost an historian with a strong archaeological bent. Both men, however, shared a keen interest in the fabric of ancient civilisations and its reflection in literature. Between 1884 and 1907, more than fifty letters and postcards from d’Arbois to Windisch testify to the cordial relationship between the two scholars, who are among the most important founding fathers of Celtic Studies as an academic discipline in France and Germany. In this paper, I shall try to present an overview of these letters, pointing out in which ways and to which extent they reflect specific problems of research, the institutional setting of Celtic Studies in the decades around 1900, and the personality of the letter writers. In conclusion I shall address the question to what extent a comprehensive analysis and appraisal of as yet unpublished scholarly letters may contribute not only to a profounder understanding of the formation and early history of Celtic Studies, but also to an enhanced appreciation of its present situation.
41
Ilina, Kira. "Battle for “Donat”: а discussion about the old and new classical philology in Russia (1847–1848)". St. Tikhons' University Review 117 (30 квітня 2024): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2024117.39-51.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the 1830–40s (time of the transformation of classical philology into a scientific discipline) during discussions in the Ministry of Public Education and in the public sphere, norms for teaching classical disciplines were developed and the number of ancient languages textbooks were rapidly increased. The article focuses on the reconstruction of the discussion about the Latin language textbook “Donat”, prepared by Moscow University professor Karl Hofman. The heterogeneity of the disciplinary community of classical philologists and rival systems of values, arguments, and authorities are traced in this discussion. On the one hand, A. M. Kubarev followed traditional pedagogical methods and textbooks of grammatical authorities associated with the history of Russian classical philology of the 18th century and approved by the Ministry of Public Education. On the other hand, K. Hofman and his disciples considered it necessary for a classical philologist to know the current level of development of classical philology, as well as to appeal to modern philologists and to change the methods of teaching Latin. Critical publications in thick literary magazines (“Otechestvennye zapiski”, “Sovremennik”, “Moskvityanin”) and archival materials from the Manuscript Department of the Russian State Library and from the Central State Archive of Moscow were used as historical sources. Public opinions, ways of the discussion, evaluation practices, ethically (un)acceptable statements identify are found in published sources. Unpublished and unknown to ordinary people part of the discussion, as well as the historical contexts of the debate and biography nuances of its participants can be detected in office documents, personal correspondence, a draft of an unpublished article. The research methodology is based on a combination of traditional historical methods and approaches developed in the framework of the history of science, the history of disciplines and the sociology of literature.
42
Lyman, Serhii. "Illuminated by Fire: the Hundred Years’ War in the Works of Professor M. N. Petrov of Kharkiv University (1826-1887)." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: History, no. 60 (December 10, 2021): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2021-60-03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the contribution of Professor M. N. Petrov, Kharkiv University’s leading medievalist during the third quarter of the 19th century, to the study of key events and personalities of the Hundred Years’ War between England and France. Contextually, Petrov considered some of the events of the final stage of the war in his master’s dissertation “On the Nature of the Statesmanship of Louis XI” (1850). He was able to show that, in the war against the English, the French royal house was forced to make concessions to the great feudal lords of the realm in exchange for military support. Among the concessions made by Charles VII for the sake of victory over England, Petrov rightly singles out the anti-English Treaty of Arras (1435) between the French king and Duke Philip III of Burgundy. Nevertheless, the end of the Hundred Years’ War, development of the French national consciousness, and decline of feudal chivalry all objectively contributed to the strengthening of royal power. It is shown that Petrov became the first scholar at Kharkiv University and in the Ukrainian lands of the Russian Empire to publish a work entirely devoted to the Hundred Years’ War – “Jeanne d’Arc (Historical and Psychological Experience)” (1867). Petrov distinguished between the objective and subjective causes of the turn in the Hundred Years’ War and explained the success of the Maid of Orléans by the sympathy and support of the broad masses of the population. It is stressed that, in contrast to the French scholar J. Michelet, for whom Jeanne d’Arc was a messenger of Heaven, child of the Church, and servant of God, Petrov in his essay represented her actions as a manifestation of the French people’s growing self-awareness, rather than of the will of Providence. The author notes that such assessment of the role of the common people in the historical process was characteristic of the liberal medieval studies of the first post-reform years in the Russian Empire. A summary of the main events of the Hundred Years’ War was presented in the posthumous edition of Petrov’s Lectures in World History (1888). This was the first university textbook in this discipline in the Russian Empire. It is emphasized that Petrov’s treatment of the events of the Hundred Years’ War contributed to the popularization of medieval history, and that the objectivity of his interpretations stemmed primarily from the critical study of historical sources, including the Memoirs of Philippe de Commines, and adherence to the norms of positivism.
43
Bricault, Christine, Anne-Marie Desdouits, and Dominique Sarny. "Rétrospective de la discipline." Ethnologies 26, no. 2 (October 19, 2006): 21–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013742ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Résumé Les rôles de Marius Barbeau (1883-1969), de Luc Lacourcière (1910-1989) et de Carmen Roy (1919 - ) dans le développement de la discipline au Québec et au Canada ne sont plus à démontrer. À partir de plusieurs sources écrites, cet article se veut une réflexion renouvelée sur la conception du folklore qu’avaient ces trois pionniers de l’ethnologie au Canada et plus spécifiquement de son développement au Québec. L’article s’articule autour de trois axes : le premier laisse entrevoir leurs rapports respectifs à la culture, inscrits dans des contextes où la perception du nationalisme n’était pas la même. Le second aborde plus spécialement leur conception du folklore, tandis que le troisième est davantage centré sur les contacts, les démarches et les méthodes. Cet article permet également « de comprendre le rôle que [Carmen Roy] a pu jouer dans le développement de cette discipline» au Canada, créant dix ans avant la politique multiculturaliste du gouvernement fédéral de Pierre-Eliott Trudeau, le Centre Canadien des Études sur la Culture Traditionnelle (CCECT).
44
Bassetti, C. "EAN Perspective." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
29th European Congress of Psychiatry (EPA 2021) „You can tell a good workman by his tools: The instruments of psychiatrists, psychologists and neurologists: Why so different?“ The term psychology („the study of the soul“) appeared for the first time in a printed book of Freigius in 1578, while the term neurology („the study of the form and function of the nervous system“) was coined by Willis in 1664 and that of psychiatry („the medical treatment of the soul“) by Reil in 1808. First physicians to devote entirely to neurology appeared in the midst of the 19th century in France, Germany, and England. Around this time neurology, (biological) psychiatry and (experimental) psychology converged to share similar roots in the brain. The three disciplines separated (again) at the beginning of the 20th century. Neurology remained for over 100 years mainly a diagnostic discipline, in which history and clinical examination were expected to lead to the identification of a topographic syndrome (or lesion) and eventually its etiology. In the last 30 years neurology underwent a revolution. While the importance (and validity) of phenotypical diagnoses remained, new (e.g. neuroimaging, genetic) tools have made precise diagnoses and causal treatments increasingly possible, transforming neurology into a treating discipline. The author will discuss why the separation between neurology, psychiatry and psychology is artificial (and even harmful for patients), how the multidimensional tools developed over the years by these disciplines can be of common interest, and what the EAN does to promote interdisciplinary scientific, educational, and political collaborations.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
45
Rey de Carvalho, Flávio. "História das Religiões seria História ou Ciência da Religião? Uma reflexão sobre questões metodológicas ligadas a essas disciplinas na transição dos anos 1860-1870." Sacrilegens 14, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2237-6151.2017.v14.26965.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A História e a Ciência da Religião são disciplinas cujos processos de constituição acadêmica remontam ao século XIX, quando, por volta dos anos 1860, iniciou-se um grande debate em torno da questão metodológica. O presente artigo, a partir do uso da categoria de “ciência normal” de Thomas S. Kuhn, objetiva comparar a concepção de História, com base nas reflexões de Johann Gustav Droysen (1808-1884), com a proposta de Ciência da Religião, formulada por Friedrich Max Müller (1823-1900). Com essa comparação, espera-se ser possível fornecer elementos para se refletir sobre a seguinte questão: do ponto de vista metodológico, estaria a História das Religiões mais ligada à História ou Ciência da Religião?
46
Khan, Shahzeb, and Amra Raza. "Influencing the ‘Plastic Mind’ Catechetics of Imperialism in Instituting English Literary Studies in British Punjab." Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS ) 4, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04041361.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper pivots on catechetics of imperialism which were identified in an archival study of question papers of MA English examinations which were conducted by Punjab University, Lahore, between 1882 and 1918. This catechetical strategy, the study reveals, was needed due to pedagogically imperial needs of the discipline and rested on the double-helical foundation of imperial literature and history. The double-helical foundation, the paper argues, was necessitated because of the exclusive and imperial conception of the discipline which was resistant to any initiatives which might disturb this arrangement. A couple of aberrations in this formulation, a book of translated poems from local literature which was made part of the poetry curriculum in 1884, and the subject of Comparative Grammar were thus quickly dispensed with. The exclusive focus on English writers, culture, literature, and history created a metanarrative of English cultural prowess and enabled the creation of pliant subjectivities suitable for the fulfillment of colonial operations. The study relies on a tranche of question papers for the masters in English degree. The paper is thus an attempt to reveal clandestine, grand narratives of cultural imperialism that lurk beneath the innocuous texts that are stockpiled in a curriculum which are disseminated through a catechetical strategy.
47
Rozite, Maija, and Aija van der Steina. "Sites related to death and disaster in cultural an tourism geography – a theoretical perspective." Folia Geographica 18 (2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/fg.18.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research into tourism, a relatively new discipline, is developing, using theories and approaches from other disciplines. Extensive research is underway in Latvia on sites related to tragic historical events and death, including the use of Holocaust sites in tourism. In order to comprehensively study these dark heritage sites, previous studies related to cemeteries and death sites have been analysed. The aim of this article is to identify death sites as special places and as elements of the cultural landscape. The attitude of locals towards dark heritage sites cannot be understood without understanding the attitude towards death sites and cemeteries in the cultural context. This article gives an overview of existing research in necrography, summarising the geographical approaches used to characterise these particular sites. The studies already conducted in Latvia have been reviewed and the most relevant definitions of dark tourism and thanatourism have been identified. The main problems faced in including places of death and tragedy in tourism product promotions have been described, especially if they are related to tragic events such as the Holocaust. In conclusion, the main aspects and approaches to be used for further research into the use of Holocaust sites in tourism have been identified.
48
Nazarov, Dmitry, and Marina Sidorova. "The origins of the teaching accounting in russian universities: lecturer and researcher Stepan Usov (1797 – 1859)." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 18, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v18i2.437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors of the paper explore the life and professional activity of Stepan Mikhailovich Usov (1797-1859), as well as his views on the theory and practical implementation of new accounting techniques in agriculture. Usov was a talented researcher, an expert in agricultural sciences, political economy, history, and the publisher and editor of a number of Russian magazines. He worked hard all his life to disseminate knowledge about progressive technologies of agronomy and farm bookkeeping. Usov became one of the first lecturers in accounting, which he taught at St. Petersburg University in 1836 and this is in the focus of the study. Based on the Actor–network theory of Bruno Latour (ANT), the authors contribute to the previous literature within biographical studies and accounting education by identifying Usov’s role in the development of Russian accounting as a mediator in the network of educational institutions, which transformed accounting into a university discipline.
49
Hernández Esteve, Esteban. "Obituario de Basil Yamey." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 17, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v17i2.404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La historia de la contabilidad tiene que lamentar una pérdida muy importante acaecida el pasado 20 de noviembre: el fallecimiento de Basil Yamey, una de las personas que más han hecho por dotarla de categoría científica, contribuyendo de forma importante a que, de ser una simple crónica de noticias se elevara a la condición de disciplina académica reconocida en todos los medios científicos.En efecto, nuestro querido y admirado amigo Basil, nacido en la ciudad del Cabo, sede del poder legislativo de la República de Sud-áfrica, el 4 de mayo de 1919, falleció ese día 20 de noviembre a la edad de 101 años.
50
Cañas Díez, Sergio. "La teoría de la historia de Marx frente a la historiografía." Brocar. Cuadernos de Investigación Histórica, no. 45 (December 23, 2021): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/brocar.4583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El bicentenario del nacimiento del filósofo alemán Karl Marx (1818-1883) ha contribuido a aumentar el interés por su doctrina filosófica, donde destaca su importancia para la configuración moderna de diversas ramas de la ciencia humana y social. Centrándonos en las repercusiones teóricas y metodológicasque tuvo para el conocimiento de la historia y en las principales lecturashistoriográficas que de ellas se han derivado hasta el presente, queremos explicar cuáles han resistido el paso del tiempo, su consiguiente avance a medida que lo ha hecho la propia disciplina histórica, y cuáles han sido superadas. Así como comprobar cuál ha sido la influencia que la teoría marxista de la historia ha tenido en distintos historiadores contemporáneos. Todo con el fin de saber si se trata de una teoría todavía vigente y por ende útil en el siglo XXI.