Статті в журналах: "Direction de transport de sédiment"

1

Alla, Amani Jonas, N’Goran Jean Paul Yao, Diby Ferdinand Yao, and Zéli Bruno Digbehi. "Caractérisation Lithologique, Hydrosédimentaire Et Cartographie des Aquifères par la Méthode des Indices d’Évolution : Cas de la Recharge des Aquifères de Bonoua (Sud-Est Côte d’Ivoire)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, no. 9 (March 31, 2024): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p214.

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Ce travail avait pour objectif de déterminer la typologie et la source probable de recharge des aquifères rencontrés à Bonoua en vue d’une meilleure gestion de ceux-ci. Les travaux ont utilisé des échantillons de forages prélevés à Bonoua au Sud-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire. L’étude lithologique a révélé des sables, des argiles sableuses et des argiles bariolées. Les sables constituent l’essentiel des aquifères. La détermination des indices d’évolution totale (Nt) et segmentaire (Ns) a illustré trois aquifères. La variation de ces indices a révélé une direction NW-SE des paléocourants. Les indices Ns des sables montrent qu’ils ont subi un long transport (64 % à 86 %). Le principal aquifère se situe à 64,5 m en moyenne. Il est surmonté par un niveau imperméable (toit) d’argile bariolée et enregistre les meilleures arrivées d’eau. Il est dominé de sables grossiers (66,66 % à 85,71 %) à très grossiers avec une forme subarrondie (16 % à 53,57 %) et arrondies (13,04 % à 40 %). Les particules fines piégées par les grossières à l’équilibre lors du dépôt sont toutes les deux issues d’un courant cogénétique. Ces sédiments transportés majoritairement par saltation et déposés généralement selon un faciès logarithmique (Nt = 0) et rarement parabolique (0 ˂ Nt ˂ 1) sont très bien classés (83,33 % à 100 %). Cette étude a permis d’identifier deux nouveaux faciès qui sont le faciès subparabolique (0,05 ≤ Nt ≤ 0,09) et le faciès linéaire (Nt = 1). Le faible pourcentage de fine offre à l’aquifère une bonne porosité et une bonne perméabilité ainsi qu’une bonne transmissivité de l’eau souterraine. Ce travail révèle donc qu’un seul aquifère existe dans cette localité mais se présente en bicouche séparée par de l’argile bariolée qui constitue le toit de cette nappe captive exploitée dans le zone. L’écoulement souterrain de direction NW-SE suppose que l’eau stockée à Bonoua proviendrait du fleuve Comoé qui coule en direction de la localité de Bassam. D’où la nécessité de protéger les cours d’eau rencontrées dans la localité de Bassam ainsi qu’au Nord de la zone d’étude afin garantir l’eau à Bonoua. The objective of this study was to determine the typology and likely recharge source of the aquifers found in Bonoua, aiming to enhance their management. Samples from boreholes in Bonoua, located in southeastern Côte d'Ivoire, were analyzed. The lithological examination revealed the presence of sands, sandy clays, and variegated clays, with sands comprising the majority of the aquifers. Analysis of total (Nt) and segmental (Ns) evolution indices highlighted the presence of three distinct aquifers. The fluctuation in these indices indicated a prevailing NW-SE direction of paleocurrents. The Ns indices of the sands indicate significant long-distance transport (ranging from 64% to 86%). The primary aquifer is typically found at an average depth of 64.5 meters. It is capped by an impermeable layer (roof) of variegated clay, leading to optimal water inflow. The predominant sands range from coarse (66.66% to 85.71%) to very coarse, exhibiting subrounded (16% to 53.57%) and rounded (13.04% to 40%) characteristics. Both the fine particles trapped by the coarse ones during deposition equilibrium originate from a co-genetic current. These sediments, primarily transported by saltation and typically deposited in a logarithmic (Nt = 0) and occasionally parabolic (0 ˂ Nt ˂ 1) facies, exhibit high classification accuracy (ranging from 83.33% to 100%). Additionally, this study identified two novel facies: the subparabolic facies (0.05 ≤ Nt ≤ 0.09) and the linear facies (Nt = 1). The low proportion of fines contributes to the aquifer's favorable porosity, permeability, and groundwater transmissivity. Consequently, this research confirms the presence of a single aquifer in this area, organized in a bilayer configuration separated by variegated clay serving as the roof of the exploited captive aquifer in the region. The NW-SE underground flow pattern suggests that the water stored in Bonoua originates from the Comoé River, which flows towards Bassam. Therefore, it is imperative to safeguard the watercourses encountered in the vicinity of Bassam and to the north of the study area to ensure a reliable water supply to Bonoua.

2

Mudroch, A., and S. R. Joshi. "Géochimie et distribution de métaux à l'intérieur de carottes de sédiment prises du lac Saint-Louis (fleuve Saint-Laurent) et datées par radioactivité." Revue des sciences de l'eau 4, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705087ar.

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La distribution de la grosseur des particules, la composition géochimique et la concentration en métaux (Cu, Cr, Pb, Co, V, Ni, Hg et Zn) furent déterminés dans des carottes datées (à l'aide de matériel radioactif) provenant du lac Saint-Louis et du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Environ 20 cm de sédiments fins se sont accumulés durant les 30 dernières années à deux endroits situés à proximité du centre du lac. Par contre, une couche de sédiment de 20 cm d'épaisseur s'est déposée pendant les cinq dernières années à deux différents endroits de la partie sud du lac. Les profils de concentration des éléments majeurs et de la plupart des métaux présents dans les carottes de sédiment indiquent un apport continu de matériel de nature géochimique semblable aux aires d'échantillonnage. Une distribution uniforme de la grosseur des particules à l'intérieur du profil de sédiment montre que ces aires constituent des zones de dépôt pour des particules de propriétés hydrodynamiques semblables que transportent les eaux du fleuve. Les profils de concentration du mercure (Hg) et du zinc (Zn) dans les sédiments sont significatifs d'une charge provenant d'une source locale située sur le lac Saint-Louis. Les concentrations en métaux mesurées dans les sédiments du lac Saint-Louis dépendent du tri des particules, du transport et du dépôt des particules de la fraction limoneuse (taille comprise entre 2 µg et 63 µg) qui peuvent contenir de plus faibles concentrations en métaux comparativement aux particules de grosseur comparable à l'argile (taille < 2 µg) qui caractérisent les bassins de dépôt du lac Ontario.

3

Toure, Mamadou, Aby Atsé Mathurin Saimon, and Yao Alexis N’Guessan. "Dynamique du Littoral de Vridi-Port-Bouët (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire) : Caractérisation Géomorphologique et Sédimentologique." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 30 (October 31, 2023): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n30p200.

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Cette étude porte sur la caractérisation géomorphologique et sédimentologique du secteur littoral de Vridi-Port-Bouët pour une révision des connaissances acquises en vue d’une meilleure compréhension des réponses morphologiques dans un contexte mondial de changement climatique sur un domaine littoral fortement dynamique. Pour ce faire, trois campagnes bimestrielles de levés topographiques de 7 profils cross shore de plage ont été réalisées à l’aide d’un niveau de chantier. Des sédiments ont été prélevés sur 4 profils à différents niveaux de l’estran (haut, mi et bas estran) dans le but de déterminer la granulométrie et la morphoscopie des grains de sables le long de ce secteur de côte. La vitesse du courant de dérive et le volume de sédiments transportés ont été déterminés à partir de la formule de Kaczmarek et al. (2005). De façon générale, l’ensemble des profils réalisés montre que certaines zones sont en érosion et d’autres plus ou moins stables. En effet, les profils C1, C2 et C7 présentent une instabilité du trait de côte avec une érosion significative de l’estran. Le secteur de plage au niveau du profil C6 est relativement stable. Les sables sont très grossiers à grossiers et modérément à bien classés. Le skewness indique une symétrie granulométrique de l’échantillon pour les échantillons prélevés sur les sites 1 et 3. Sur le site 2, on a une symétrie vers les éléments fin. Les échantillons du site 4 présentent une asymétrie vers les éléments grossiers. Les grains de quartz évoluent de sub-anguleux non usés à arrondis et émoussés en passant du canal de Vridi au phare de Port-Bouët. On en déduit que la taille des grains diminue dans le sens de la dérive littorale. La vitesse du courant induit par la dérive littorale est évaluée à 0,65 m/s. Cela entraine un transport sédimentaire latéral de 0,02305 m3/s. This study covers the geomorphological and sedimentological characterization of the coastal area of Vridi-Port-Bouët to revise the knowledge acquired with a view to a better understanding of morphological responses in a global context of climate change in a highly dynamic coastal zone. To this extent, three bimonthly topographic surveys of 7 cross-shore beach profiles were carried out using a construction level. Sediments were collected from 4 profiles at different levels of the foreshore (high, mid, and low foreshore) in order to determine granulometry and morphoscopy of sand grains along this stretch of coastline. The speed of the drift current and the volume of sediment transported were determined using the formula of Kaczmarek et al. (2005). Generally speaking, all the profiles produced show that some areas are eroding when others are more or less stable. Profiles C1, C2, and C7 show an unstable coastline, with significant erosion of the foreshore. The beach area on profile C6 is relatively stable. The sands are very coarse to coarse in size and moderately to well-graded. Skewness indicates particle size symmetry for samples taken at sites 1 and 3. On site 2, there is a symmetry towards fine elements. Samples from site 4 show asymmetry towards coarse elements. Quartz grains move from being sub-angular and unworn to rounded and blunt as they move from the Vridi canal to the Port-Bouët lighthouse. This suggests that grain size decreases in the direction of longshore drift. The current velocity induced is estimated at 0.65 m/s. This results in lateral sediment transport of 0.02305 m3/s.

4

Bouheniche, Salaheddine, and Bénina Touaibia. "Modélisation numérique du transport solide du système « barrage - cours d’eau, transport - déposition » : cas du barrage de Sidi Mohamed Ben Aouda (SMBA) sur l’oued Mina, en zone semi-aride." Revue des sciences de l’eau 26, no. 1 (March 18, 2013): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014916ar.

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Résumé Les besoins en eau, en perpétuelle croissance, nécessitent une mobilisation des eaux de surface. La construction de barrages, menacés par un envasement précoce, nécessite une exploitation rationnelle, moyennant des outils d’aide à la quantification et à la prédiction des dépôts de sédiments. Ainsi, le comblement des retenues peut être simulé pour différentes périodes d’exploitation. La maîtrise du processus transport-déposition des sédiments, constitue un centre d’intérêt vers lequel convergent plusieurs approches : prédiction, modélisation stochastique et modélisations mathématique et physique. De multiples interactions existent entre les matériaux solides formant le lit, ceux transportés à proximité du fond et ceux se trouvant en suspension, se traduisant par divers modes de transport. Cette contribution présente un modèle numérique qui se prête au calcul par ordinateur dont le comportement morphologique du lit d’un cours d’eau peut être facilement simulé. Les étapes de son élaboration sont décrites avec détail, le code de calcul ainsi produit est mis en valeur sur un site test de validation. Un tronçon de 17 km est étudié, entre un barrage en exploitation et une station hydrométrique, sise à l’amont de celui-ci avec une bathymétrie à l’appui. Le transport solide dans le cours d’eau naturel est représenté par un système d’équations unidimensionnelles décrivant un mélange Eau-Sédiment et traduisant les lois de conservation. La méthode utilisée aux différences finies est appliquée, avec un schéma implicite. Elle est du premier ordre en temps et du deuxième ordre en espace. Les équations des écoulements à surface libre, en régime non permanent et graduellement varié, sont utilisées qui, associées à l’équation de continuité solide, forment le système de Saint-Venant-Exner. Une formule de charriage est utilisée pour exprimer le débit solide. Les résultats obtenus expliquent la contribution du transport solide par charriage dans le comblement de la retenue d’un barrage étudié en zone semi-aride.

5

Alexander, Ian, and Phil Mcmanus. "A New Direction for Perth Transport?" Urban Policy and Research 10, no. 4 (December 1992): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111149208551528.

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6

Stout, John E. "Detecting patterns of aeolian transport direction." Journal of Arid Environments 107 (August 2014): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.04.001.

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7

Es-Sette, Btissame, Youssef Ajdor, Fatiha Zidane, Abdelbassit Fakhraddine, and Ali Foutlane. "Évolution des métaux traces dans les eaux de l'oued Sebou en période humide — Approche par modélisation mathématique." Water Quality Research Journal 40, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2005.025.

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Abstract Cet article présente les résultats d'un modèle de transport des métaux traces développé pour l’étude de la pollution par le chrome et le nickel dans l'oued Sebou. Ce modèle, associé à un modèle hydrodynamique unidimensionnel, est représenté par un schéma conceptuel tenant compte des phénomènes physiques et chimiques dans l'eau et le sédiment, tels que l'adsorptiondésorption, la sédimentation, la remise en suspension, la sédimentation profonde et la diffusion. Ces processus sont traduits en équations mathématiques faisant appel à des schémas numériques minimisant la dispersion numérique. Le but de ce travail est de prévoir le comportement des métaux traces et leur devenir afin de déterminer les zones à risque de pollution métallique et de situer le degré de pollution de l'eau dans les environs des prises d'eau. Les simulations faites par le modèle en période humide montrent que, du point de vue pollution par les métaux traces, le bief compris entre Sidi Harazem et Azib Soltane peut être subdivisé en trois zones : la première, non critique, exempte de pollution métallique, la seconde, moyennement critique, présentant des concentrations relativement faibles en chrome et en nickel et la dernière, critique, où les teneurs en métaux étudiés dépassent la norme admissible pour des eaux potables.

8

Stepanova, L. V., I. Yu Marchenko, and G. M. Sychev. "Direction of fluid transport in the lens." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 139, no. 1 (January 2005): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-005-0209-2.

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9

Zhang, W., T. Zhu, W. Yang, Z. Bai, Y. L. Sun, Y. Xu, and B. Yin. "Aircraft measurements of gases pollutants and particles during CAREBeijing-2008: distributions, characteristics and influencing factors." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 1 (January 28, 2013): 2877–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-2877-2013.

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Abstract. Measurements of gaseous pollutants, including ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particle number concentrations (5.6–560 nm and 0.47–30 μm), and meteorological parameters (T, RH, P) were conducted during the Program of Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Region (CAREBeijing) from 27 August through 13 October 2008. The data of total 18 flights (70 h flight time) from the ground to 2100 m were obtained by a Yun-12 aircraft in the southern surrounded areas of Beijing (38° N–40° N, 114° E–118° E). This measurement was to characterize the regional variation of air pollution during and after the Olympics of 2008, the impacts of different transport direction and possible influencing factors. Results suggested that four different groups of transport sources influenced the pollution level of pollutants with the consideration of the backward trajectory analysis, including: (1) the pollutant transport of the southern direction with higher pollutants level; (2) the cleaner long-range transport of the northern or northwestern direction with lower pollutants level; (3) the transport from the eastern direction with characteristics of sea sources, i.e. middle level of gases pollutants and higher particle concentration; (4) the transport of mixing directions, i.e. lower altitudes from the pollutant transport direction or local pollution but higher altitudes from the clean transport direction. Additionally, the relatively long-lived CO was shown to be a possible transport tracer of long-range transport of northwestern direction especially on the higher altitudes. Three factors influenced the size distribution of particles, i.e. air mass transport direction, ground source emissions and meteorological influences were also discussed.

10

Ren, Shi Wei. "The Spin Transport of the Coblt Dimers with Different Directions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3947.

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In this paper, the spin transport properties of the coblt dimers parrallel to the transport direction and perpendicular to ransprot direction are investigated by using the first principle analysis. Calculation shows that both the coblt dimers parrallel to the transport direction and perpendicular to ransprot direction give obvious spin polarized density of states and current. It is found that the dimer parrallel to the transport direction have larger spin polarization current.The spin polarized efficiency for the parrallel dimer increase steadily with the increase of the bias voltage. But the the spin polarization for the transverse dimer changes greatly.

11

Tao, Zhi Kuo, Jiang Wei Chen, Wei Wang, and Li Chen. "Electron Transport Properties of Rippled Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbon." Advanced Materials Research 496 (March 2012): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.251.

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In this paper, we present the calculated conductance of the rippled zigzag graphene nanoribbon and study the electron transport properties with different amplitude and period of the ripple. Based on the obtained results we find that, the conductance exhibits oscillation when the direction of the ripple is parallel to the direction of electronic flow and we ascribe it to the strain-induced modulated potential. For the second configure when the direction of the ripple is perpendicular to the direction of the electronic flow, we find that the conductance when energy varied around 0eV increases and then decreases with changing amplitude, for which the reason is still unknown.

12

Srinivasan, Chiranth, and Dimitrios V. Papavassiliou. "Direction of scalar transport in turbulent channel flow." Physics of Fluids 23, no. 11 (November 2011): 115105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3657825.

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13

Kinne, R. K. "Selectivity and direction: plasma membranes in renal transport." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 260, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): F153—F162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.260.2.f153.

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Studies using isolated renal plasma membranes are now considered to be essential methods for elucidating renal transport processes in health and disease. This review first describes the development of methods and concepts in working with isolated plasma membranes some 20 years ago, when few people believed that it was actually possible to isolate plasma membranes at all. The concepts we developed at that time are still applicable today, and I believe they are therefore worth reiterating. The description of the past leads to a presentation of current ideas about the interrelationship between selectivity of renal plasma membranes and direction of transepithelial transport. Finally, the future direction of kidney research is discussed in view of recent physiological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

14

Golubchikov, Yu N., K. K. Rakhimov, A. D. Sobyanin, and V. S. Tikunov. "Geographical substantiation of the Indo-Siberian transport direction." Geography and Natural Resources 33, no. 3 (July 2012): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1875372812030134.

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15

Sieberer, T. "PLANT SCIENCE: Auxin Transport, but in Which Direction?" Science 312, no. 5775 (May 12, 2006): 858–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1127659.

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16

Murata, Isao, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Miyamaru, Frank Goldenbaum, and Detlef Filges. "Scattering direction biasing for Monte Carlo transport calculation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 562, no. 2 (June 2006): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.02.069.

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17

Love, Benjamin M., John F. Leys, Craig L. Strong, and Grant H. McTainsh. "Dust climatology of Mildura, Victoria, Australia: transport direction." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44, no. 7 (March 19, 2019): 1449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4587.

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18

Mason, Joseph A., Edward A. Nater, and Howard C. Hobbs. "Transport Direction of Wisconsinan Loess in Southeastern Minnesota." Quaternary Research 41, no. 1 (January 1994): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1005.

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AbstractA study of Wisconsinan loess in part of southeastern Minnesota confirms earlier suggestions that much of the loess in this region was not derived flora the floodplain of the Mississippi River. Two Wisconsinan loess units, the Peoria Loess and Roxana Silt, occur in the study area. Peoria Loess, 1-8 m thick, fines systematically eastward from an abrupt western border toward the Mississippi. There are no apparent grain-size trends away from other adjacent rivers. Peoria Loess thickness generally decreases eastward, but is highly variable, probably because of differential erosion. Potential sources for this unit are pre-Wisconsinan sediments on the Iowan Erosion Surface immediately west of the border of thick loess and Wisconsinan glacial sources tens or hundreds of kilometers to the west. The underlying Roxana Silt, up to 1 m thick, occurs only near the Mississippi and fines away from that river. The Roxana Silt deposit could reflect aggradation of the Mississippi floodplain because of glacial activity upstream and does not have clear implications for upland vegetation near the study area. By contrast, transport of the Peoria Loess from distant glacial sources or wind erosion of upland surfaces closer to the loess deposit both imply extensive, very sparsely vegetated surfaces west of the study area when the Peoria Loess accumulated.

19

Zhang, Z., Z. Tao, A. Gameiro, S. Barcelona, S. Braams, T. Rauen, and C. Grewer. "Transport direction determines the kinetics of substrate transport by the glutamate transporter EAAC1." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 46 (November 8, 2007): 18025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704570104.

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20

Pautler, E. L., C. Tengerdy, J. Beyer, and D. Beezley. "Modification of leucine transport across bovine pigment epithelium by metabolic stress." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no. 5 (November 1, 1989): C940—C947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.5.c940.

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The transport of leucine in the apical-to-basal (retina to choroid) direction across the isolated bovine retinal pigment epithelium is mediated predominantly by the L amino transport system at low carrier (10 microns) concentrations. There is no evidence of an active or facilitated transport system operating in the opposite direction. The identification of the L system is based on the lack of sodium dependence, specific inhibition of leucine transport by 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH), and the demonstration of trans-stimulation. Lysine, glutamate, and 2-methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB) did not provide any competitive inhibition. Ouabain and iodoacetate were also ineffective in modifying leucine transport. The transport mediated by the L system was markedly temperature sensitive, whereas no temperature dependence was apparent in the transport of leucine in the basal-to-apical direction (choroid to retina). When treated with dinitrophenol (DNP), the transport of leucine in the apical-to-basal direction was greatly enhanced, but no effect was observed on the leucine movement in the opposite direction. Azide and rotenone had an effect similar to DNP, as did reducing the partial pressure of O2 to less than 40 Torr. The enhancement of transport appeared to be mediated by the activation of an ancillary system, since it was susceptible to different classes of metabolic and competitive inhibitors as well as the observed ionic dependency. After DNP treatment, the transport of leucine was inhibited by lysine and BCH, revealed a sodium dependence, and could be inhibited by iodoacetate. The characteristics of the enhanced transport appear to be similar to those of the recently described G system(s) of amino acid transport.

21

Lee, Jaesung, and Mark A. Burns. "Asymmetric traps array for particle transport." RSC Advances 5, no. 5 (2015): 3358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14501a.

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22

Li, Yan, Seung Lim, David Hoffman, Pontus Aspenstrom, Howard J. Federoff та David A. Rempe. "HUMMR, a hypoxia- and HIF-1α–inducible protein, alters mitochondrial distribution and transport". Journal of Cell Biology 185, № 6 (15 червня 2009): 1065–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200811033.

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Mitochondrial transport is critical for maintenance of normal neuronal function. Here, we identify a novel mitochondria protein, hypoxia up-regulated mitochondrial movement regulator (HUMMR), which is expressed in neurons and is markedly induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α). Interestingly, HUMMR interacts with Miro-1 and Miro-2, mitochondrial proteins that are critical for mediating mitochondrial transport. Interestingly, knockdown of HUMMR or HIF-1 function in neurons exposed to hypoxia markedly reduces mitochondrial content in axons. Because mitochondrial transport and distribution are inextricably linked, the impact of reduced HUMMR function on the direction of mitochondrial transport was also explored. Loss of HUMMR function in hypoxia diminished the percentage of motile mitochondria moving in the anterograde direction and enhanced the percentage moving in the retrograde direction. Thus, HUMMR, a novel mitochondrial protein induced by HIF-1 and hypoxia, biases mitochondria transport in the anterograde direction. These findings have broad implications for maintenance of neuronal viability and function during physiological and pathological states.

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Grytsenko, Sergiy, Anastasiia Hrechkovska, and Mariia Kordyak. "Development of intelligent transport systems of Ukraine." Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020, no. 17 (February 2023): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2023-17-3.

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The article determines that the possibilities of the extensive direction of meeting the needs of society in increasing the volume of passenger transportation by increasing the number of vehicles are largely exhausted, especially in large cities. A generalization of the modern development of intelligent transport systems (ITS) in Ukraine was carried out in two directions. The direction of introduction of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) into vehicles is highlighted. Reasonable expediency of the MaaS (Mobility as a service) direction of regulating passenger flows. The importance of ITS implementation in Ukraine is highlighted. The goals of ITS development and the possibility of their application are considered. The main traffic management systems are outlined using the example of GPS tracking in the city of Lviv. Important aspects of the development of ITS in Ukraine are disclosed and the development of ITS of Ukraine is presented, in order to increase road safety. It has been proven that under the conditions of a well-developed intelligent transport system, non-stop synchronized traffic on streets and roads is ensured.

24

Hinata, Hirofumi, Nobuyoshi Kanatsu, and Satoshi Fujii. "Dependence of Wind-Driven Current on Wind Stress Direction in a Small Semienclosed, Homogeneous Rotating Basin." Journal of Physical Oceanography 40, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 1488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jpo4363.1.

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Abstract The dependence of wind-driven current (WDC) on wind stress direction in a small semienclosed, homogeneous rotating basin is investigated using a linear steady-state analytical model based on Ekman solutions. The model is applicable to the middle of the basin (midbasin), and the current is driven by a constant wind stress of an arbitrary direction. The WDC is made up of wind stress–driven current (WSDC) and pressure-driven current (PDC) components. The laterally varying water depth of the basin confines the total volume transport in the longitudinal direction while the wind stress–driven volume transport changes direction according to the wind stress direction. Therefore, the pressure-driven volume transport or, equivalent, the pressure gradient depends on the wind stress direction: the relationship between the pressure gradient and the wind stress is anisotropic. As a result, the midbasin WDC is also dependent on the wind stress direction. The dependence varies according to the lateral position and Ekman number E. For large E (small rotation), the longitudinal volume transport is generally proportional to the longitudinal wind stress component. Hence, the ratio of the volume transport driven by the wind stress of direction θ (θ > 0) to that driven by the longitudinal wind stress (θ = 0) becomes cosθ. For small E (large rotation), the ratio becomes larger than cosθ. The extent to which each component of wind stress contributes to the generation of the pressure gradient to satisfy no-net-longitudinal and no-lateral transports is determined by a wind stress–pressure gradient transformation matrix, whose components depend on the lateral position and E.

25

Gross, Steven P., Michael A. Welte, Steven M. Block, and Eric F. Wieschaus. "Dynein-Mediated Cargo Transport in Vivo." Journal of Cell Biology 148, no. 5 (March 6, 2000): 945–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.5.945.

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Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule-based motor with diverse cellular roles. Here, we use mutations in the dynein heavy chain gene to impair the motor's function, and employ biophysical measurements to demonstrate that cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for the minus end motion of bidirectionally moving lipid droplets in early Drosophila embryos. This analysis yields an estimate for the force that a single cytoplasmic dynein exerts in vivo (1.1 pN). It also allows us to quantitate dynein-mediated cargo motion in vivo, providing a framework for investigating how dynein's activity is controlled. We identify three distinct travel states whose general features also characterize plus end motion. These states are preserved in different developmental stages. We had previously provided evidence that for each travel direction, single droplets are moved by multiple motors of the same type (Welte et al. 1998). Droplet travel distances (runs) are much shorter than expected for multiple motors based on in vitro estimates of cytoplasmic dynein processivity. Therefore, we propose the existence of a process that ends runs before the motors fall off the microtubules. We find that this process acts with a constant probability per unit distance, and is typically coupled to a switch in travel direction. A process with similar properties governs plus end motion, and its regulation controls the net direction of transport.

26

McNiven, M. A., and K. R. Porter. "Microtubule polarity confers direction to pigment transport in chromatophores." Journal of Cell Biology 103, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 1547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.103.4.1547.

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The cellular mechanisms used to direct translocating organelles are poorly understood. It is believed that the intrinsic structural polarity of microtubules may play a role in this process. We have examined the effects that differently oriented microtubules have upon the direction of pigment transport in surgically severed melanophore arms. In a previous paper (McNiven, M. A., M. Wang, and K. R. Porter, 1984, Cell, 37:753-765) we reported that after isolation, arms repolarized and reoriented their microtubules outward from their centers as if to form new "microcells." Pigment aggregation in these arms was toward a new focal point located at the arm centers. In this study we monitored pigment movement in isolated arms containing taxol-stabilized microtubules to test if the reversal in direction of pigment transport is dependent upon the repolarization of microtubules. We report that taxol delays both the microtubule reorientation and reversal in transport direction in a concentration-dependent manner. These and other presented data suggest that the polarity of the microtubule population within a melanophore confers direction on pigment transport.

27

Chibryakov, Ya Yu. "Theoretical aspects of transport cartography." Geodesy and Cartography 932, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-932-2-48-58.

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The purpose of the article is to justify transport cartography as a special scientific field. The versatility of transport as an object of research leads to its socio-economic and technical aspects being studied by various sciences. The history of this field of knowledge is considered briefly in order to understand the place transport cartography occupies in the system of sciences, and its periodization has been carried out from the 1830s to today. When determining the position of transport cartography in the system of sciences, the core of this scientific direction is identified – it is the condominium of transport geography and the general theory of cartography, as well as its environment – a set of sciences attracted by transport cartography for studying reality. The disciplines allied to transport geography – such as population geography and general economic geography, as well as transport statistics, space researches, the ecology of transport, mathematics, general systems theory and the history of transport are taken as the environment. The boundaries of transport cartography as a scientific direction are delineated; its subject of study and eight major tasks are defined.

28

Stupin, Yu A. "REGIONAL RAILWAY TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE TRANSCAUCASIA: PASSENGER DIRECTION OF WORK." Vestnik of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Series Natural and Medical Sciences, no. 4 (2023): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/gikbfu-2023-4-2.

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The aim of the article is to characterize the peculiarities of passenger transportation within the regional railway transport system of the Transaucasus. The research relies on the statistics of railway passenger transport and published schedules on the railway networks of the countries in the region. It is demonstrated that in the post-Soviet period, passenger rail transport has declined, and its potential is underutilized: the volume of transportation is minimal, the movement intensity is low, and on a significant portion of the network, passenger transport has been completely discontinued. One notable exception in recent years is the Baku agglomeration. The decline can be attributed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the subsequent fragmentation of the region's railway network, competition from air and road transport, as well as the specific transport policies in the countries of the region. The improvement of the situation is associated with the potential expansion of domestic railway communication as the population's income grows and as a result of changes in transport policy.

29

Burn, Andreas, Martin Schneiter, Manuel Ryser, Peter Gehr, Jaroslav Rička, and Martin Frenz. "A quantitative interspecies comparison of the respiratory mucociliary clearance mechanism." European Biophysics Journal 51, no. 1 (January 2022): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-021-01584-8.

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AbstractCollectively coordinated ciliary activity propels the airway mucus, which lines the luminal surface of the vertebrate respiratory system, in cranial direction. Our contemporary understanding on how the quantitative characteristics of the metachronal wave field determines the resulting mucociliary transport is still limited, partly due to the sparse availability of quantitative observational data. We employed high-speed video reflection microscopy to image and quantitatively characterize the metachronal wave field as well as the mucociliary transport in excised bovine, porcine, ovine, lapine, turkey and ostrich samples. Image processing techniques were used to determine the ciliary beating frequency (CBF), the velocity and wavelength of the metachronal wave and the mucociliary transport velocity. The transport direction was found to strongly correlate with the mean wave propagation direction in all six species. The CBF yielded similar values (10–15 Hz) for all six species. Birds were found to exhibit higher transport speeds (130–260 $$\upmu$$ μ m/s) than mammals (20–80 $$\upmu$$ μ m/s). While the average transport direction significantly deviates from the tracheal long axis in mammals, no significant deviation was found in birds. The metachronal waves were found to propagate at about 4–8 times the speed of mucociliary transport in mammals, whereas in birds they propagate at about the transport speed. The mucociliary transport in birds is fast and roughly follows the TLA, whereas the transport is slower and proceeds along a left-handed spiral in mammals. The longer wavelengths and the lower ratio between the metachronal wave speed and the mucociliary transport speed provide evidence that the mucociliary clearance mechanism operates differently in birds than in mammals.

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Rejeki, Hasti Amrih, B. Betsi, and Yogi Muhammad Andariwan. "VARIATIONS OF INDONESIAN TRHOUGHFLOW TRANSPORT IN MALUKU AND HALMAHERA SEA RELATED TO THE OCCURRENCE OF EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION." Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology 14, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/jk.v14i3.12083.

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ABSTRACTMaluku and Halmahera Sea are the entry paths for the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). This study examined the variation of their current speed, current direction, and transport during the ENSO phases on La Nina in 2010-2011 and El Nino in 2015-2016. The data used were the Marine Copernicus reanalysis data of u and v components of current velocity at 155 m and 266 m of depth. The data were processed by using GrADS to see the direction and speed of the current as well as by calculating the ITF transport. During La Nina, both at 155 m and 266 m of depths were found the eddy patterns. When El Nino occurred, the direction of currents in Maluku Sea was different from La Nina conditions, while the direction of currents in Halmahera Sea had no differences. Current velocity in both oceans at each depth was lower during El Nino than La Nina. The condition of ITF transport in the Maluku Sea during La Nina was dominated by southward movement with a smaller value than during El Nino which generally moved northward meanwhile in the Halmahera Sea had the opposite condition.Keywords: current speed, current direction, ENSO, ITF, transport

31

Zhao, Zhengang, and Yunying Zheng. "Numerical Approximation for Fractional Neutron Transport Equation." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (March 13, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6676640.

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Fractional neutron transport equation reflects the anomalous transport processes in nuclear reactor. In this paper, we will construct the fully discrete methods for this type of fractional equation with Riesz derivative, where the generalized WENO5 scheme is used in spatial direction and Runge–Kutta schemes are adopted in temporal direction. The linear stabilities of the generalized WENO5 schemes with different stages and different order ERK are discussed detailed. Numerical examples show the combinations of forward Euler/two-stage, second-order ERK and WENO5 are unstable and the three-stage, third-order ERK method with generalized WENO5 is stable and can maintain sharp transitions for discontinuous problem, and its convergence reaches fifth order for smooth boundary condition.

32

SOOD, A. K., SHANKAR GHOSH, and N. KUMAR. "FLOW DRIVEN ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT IN CARBON NANOTUBES." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 05n06 (October 2005): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003784.

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The flow of a liquid on single-walled carbon nanotube bundles induces an electrical signal (voltage/current) in the sample along the direction of the flow. The electrical response is found to be logarithmic in the flow speed over a wide range. The magnitude of the flow induced electrical signal generated depends sensitively on the ionic conductivity and the polar nature of the liquid, and electrical biasing of the nanotubes can control its direction. Our measurements suggest that the dominant mechanism responsible for this highly sub-linear response should involve a direct forcing of the free charge carriers in the nanotubes by the fluctuating Coulombic field of the liquid flowing past it.

33

Seymour, Richard J., and David Castel. "VALIDATION OF CROSS-SHORE TRANSPORT FORMULATIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.124.

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Seymour and King (1982) evaluated eight models for predicting cross-shore transport using beach profile data from the Torrey Pines experiment of the Nearshore Sediment Transport Study (NSTS). None of the models showed useful skill in predicting the sense, or direction, of transport. Three more data sets were acquired under NSTS and have been used in the present work to re-evaluate the original four models as well as another six not previously tested. The three new data sets include two nominally plane West Coast beaches and a barred beach on the Atlantic coast, each under a variety of wave conditions. Six of the models evaluated claimed a capability to predict the sense of the cross-shore transport, two predicted the beach slope as a result of cross-shore movement, and two gave detail predictions of changes to the beach profile position and shape. The performance of the six models predicting direction of transport ranged from a skill factor of 0.49 (less than chance) to only 0.68. Five of the models required large changes to their calibration factor (usually based upon laboratory data) in order to have approximately the same skill in predicting erosion or accretion. One of the slope models was validated and the other gave no useful results. One of the two generalized models gave interesting results in predicting the time history of profile changes on the plane beaches for which it was developed. The other general model was not evaluated because it exhibited the lowest skill in predicting direction of transport.

34

Yue, Zheng Wen, Rui Qiang Zhang, and Tian Ming Gao. "Research of Sand Drift Potential and Wind Conditions in Xilamuren Grassland." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3499.

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Using the wind data in Xilamuren desert grassland by wind erosion monitoring system to record the years of 2011-2013 as the research foundations, through the statistics of wind and sand transport potential research, from aspect of the characteristics of blown sand environment Xilamuren desert grassland which can be shown the research area are mainly affected by the westerly, Northwest westerly wind or northwest wind three group interaction. The study area of annual sediment potential had mainly effected by westerly and Northwest westerly wind direction ,with wind direction variability index in 0.51°~ 0.61°, belonging to the intermediate ratio range of direction. Annual sediment potential was between 135.95VU ~214.1VU,belongs to the small and medium-sized wind environment. The spring sand transport potential and the resultant sand transporting potential than the other three seasons of sediment transport potential and the resultant sand transporting potential, the main direction of resultant sand transporting potential to Northwest westerly direction, wind direction variability index is relatively large. For spring grassland vegetation coverage rate is lowly, wind speed is large, characteristics of sand is belong to rich material, which should we to retain sand material through the appropriate protective measures to reduce wind erosion. So analyzing the wind regime and the theory of sediment transport potential calculation, provide scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of sand and harm to the Xilamuren grassland sand flow process.

35

Karaś, Adrianna. "Innovative solutions as a modern direction of the sea transport development." Transport Economics and Logistics 80 (December 31, 2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.80.11.

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The aim of the article is to assess the potential of intelligent transport solutions. The article focuses on sea transport. It presents the latest trends in transport and logistics that we can expect in the coming years and describes highly advanced solutions – completed projects, as well as those in the development phase. The solutions concern both projects from the world market and the Polish market. The sources of changes and market needs were also presented and focused on the sources of financing for innovative projects. The research problem presented in the article is: is the constant and successive introduction and implementation of intelligent and innovative solutions in sea transport a contemporary and irreversible trend defining the directions of development of transport systems and their modernization on a global scale?

36

Russo, Francesco, and Corrado Rindone. "Regional Transport Plans: From Direction Role Denied to Common Rules Identified." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 9052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169052.

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This paper concerns transportation planning with a specific focus on the regional level. In the context of spatial and transport integrated planning, the paper proposes a structured and systematic identification of the plans. At the European level, specific indications, prescriptive communications, and finalized funds are given to the national infrastructures by means of the TEN-T plan and program, while a Communication and specific guidelines for the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan have been published as a useful tool to uniform and compare urban transport planning. However, there are no indications for the planning of transport at the regional scale. This paper focuses on regional transport plans, analyzing the general contents and deepening and comparing the contents related to public transport. A case study of Italy is presented. Reference is made to the national guidelines and therefore to the transport plans approved in Italy by the regions. The Italian experience, and the results evidenced, could be a valid reference for all European or extra-European regions or, in any case, for intermediate territorial planning between the national and local ones.

37

Saha, Dipankar, and Santanu Mahapatra. "Anisotropic transport in 1T′ monolayer MoS2 and its metal interfaces." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 16 (2017): 10453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00816c.

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The investigation of crystallographic orientation dependent carrier transport in a material could lead to novel electronic devices and circuit applications. We demonstrate that, due to the clusterization of “Mo” atoms in 1T′ MoS₂, the transmission along the zigzag direction is significantly higher than that in the armchair direction.

38

Eva Brumercikova, Bibiana Bukova, Iwona Rybicka, and Pawel Drozdziel. "Measures for Increasing Performance of the Rail Freight Transport in the North-South Direction." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 21, no. 3 (August 15, 2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2019.3.13-20.

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The article elaborates on measures aimed at increasing the performance of the rail freight transport carried out in the north-south direction. The measures are designed based on the implemented analyses focused on the analysis of the current situation of international trade and development of international transport as well as the analysis of the current situation of the European transport infrastructure. The north-south direction was selected due to the enormous increase of the transit road transportation.

39

Abrantes, João R. C. B., Nuno E. Simões, João L. M. P. de Lima, and Abelardo A. A. Montenegro. "Two-dimensional (2D) numerical modelling of rainfall induced overland flow, infiltration and soil erosion: comparison with laboratory rainfall-runoff simulations on a two-directional slope soil flume." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 69, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2021-0003.

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Abstract This paper presents a two-dimensional (2D) numerical model of soil erosion and sediment transport resulting from rainfall induced overland flow. It is a spatial and temporal dynamic model combining physical and empirical laws and comprises: i) An overland flow module that solves the two-dimensional unsteady water flow equations on an infiltrating surface; ii) A soil infiltration module that uses a combined Horton-SCS scheme; and iii) A soil erosion and sediment transport module that solves the two-dimensional sediment transport equation, distinguishing between rill erosion, interrill erosion and sediment deposition. The performance of the model was evaluated by comparing its results with observed data from laboratory rainfall-runoff experiments on a two-directional 2.00 × 2.00 m2 soil flume set at 1% and 10% slopes in the x- and y-directions, respectively. The x-direction produced remarkably lower runoff and transported sediments than the y-direction. The numerical model significantly underestimated x-direction lower values of runoff and transported sediments. However, in the y-direction the model presented very good performance. Overall, in total terms (x- plus y-direction), the numerically simulated graphs of runoff and sediment transport were in very good agreement with corresponding experimental measurements, demonstrating the laboratory proof-of-concept of the model.

40

Stackman, Robert W., Edward J. Golob, Joshua P. Bassett, and Jeffrey S. Taube. "Passive Transport Disrupts Directional Path Integration by Rat Head Direction Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 5 (November 2003): 2862–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00346.2003.

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A subset of neurons in the rat limbic system encodes head direction (HD) by selectively discharging when the rat points its head in a preferred direction in the horizontal plane. The preferred firing direction is sensitive to the location of landmark cues, as well as idiothetic or self-motion cues (i.e., vestibular, motor efference copy, proprioception, and optic flow). Previous studies have shown that the preferred firing direction remains relatively stable (average shift ± 18°) after the rat walks from a familiar environment into a novel one, suggesting that without familiar landmarks, the preferred firing direction can be maintained using idiothetic cues, a process called directional path integration. This study repeated this experiment and manipulated the idiothetic cues available to the rat as it moved between the familiar and novel environment. Motor efference copy/proprioceptive cues were disrupted by passively transporting the animal between the familiar and novel environment. Darkening the room as the animal moved to the novel environment eliminated optic flow cues. HD cell preferred firing directions shifted in the novel environment by an average of 30° after locomotion from the familiar environment with the room lights off; by an average of 70° after passive transport from the familiar environment with the room lights on; and by an average of 67° after passive transport with the room lights off. These findings are consistent with the view that motor efference copy/proprioception cues are important for maintaining the preferred firing direction of HD cells under conditions requiring path integration.

41

Попова, E. Popova, Абрамов, N. Abramov, Попова, and I. Popova. "PROMISING DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 3, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17766.

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The article pays attention to such promising direction of development of automobile transport as the creation of unmanned vehicle various companies. Comparative analysis of un-manned car company Tesla Motors and Google held

42

Tremblay, Germain. "Glaciation et déglaciation dans la région Saguenay - Lac-Saint-Jean, Québec, Canada." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 15, no. 36 (April 12, 2005): 467–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020982ar.

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Le Lac Saint-Jean est situé à l'intérieur du Bouclier Canadien aux sources du Saguenay. Il occupe la partie sud-est d'une dépression structurale d'environ 65 milles (105 km) de long par 35 milles (55 km) de large, limitée sur trois côtés par des escarpements de faille. Les basses terres du Lac-Saint-Jean se situent entre 350 et 600 pieds (100 et 180 m) au-dessus du niveau de la mer. Les hautes terres environnantes dominent de 200 pieds (60 m) à 2 500 pieds (750 m) environ la surface des basses terres. Aucun sédiment interglaciaire n'a été trouvé, jusqu'ici, dans la région Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Il semble donc que cette région fut entièrement couverte de glace au cours du Wisconsin et que le glacier ne se retira probablement pas de la région au cours de cette période glaciaire, contrairement aux basses terres du Saint-Laurent, plus au sud, qui furent découvertes à un stade du Wisconsin et où l'on a trouvé des sédiments interglaciaires datant de plus de 40 000 ans B.P. (38 050 B.C.). Les formes liées à l'écoulement glaciaire : drumlins, crêtes morainiques, stries glaciaires et roches moutonnées, notamment celles localisées sur les hautes terres du Bouclier canadien, indiquent que le glacier progressait, au maximum wisconsinien, suivant une direction générale SSO et sud. Par contre, dans les basses terres du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, les stries et les dispositions de cailloux traduisent un écoulement vers le sud-est. Plusieurs stries sont plus ou moins parallèles aux vallées du Saguenay et du Lac Kenogami. Ces dernières ont probablement été formées à la fin de la période glaciaire alors que la glace était mince et que son écoulement était conditionné par ces deux vallées, ainsi que par l'escarpement de faille dans la partie sud du Lac-Saint-Jean.

43

Charan, Harish, Rajaraman Ganesh, and Ashwin Joy. "Molecular dynamics of Yukawa liquids in gravitation: Equilibrium, Instability and Transport." Journal of Plasma Physics 80, no. 6 (November 5, 2014): 895–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377814000865.

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Using 2D molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the equilibrium and dynamical properties of a gravitationally equilibrated Yukawa liquid are investigated. We observe that due to asymmetry introduced in one direction by gravity, several interesting features arise. For example, for a given value of coupling parameter Γ, screening parameter κ and according to a chosen value of gravitational force g (say in y-direction), the system is seen to exhibit super-, sub- or normal diffusion. Interestingly, x-averaged density profiles, unlike a barotropic fluid, acquire sharp, free surface with scale free linear y-dependence. As can be expected for a system with macroscopic gradients, self-diffusion calculated from Green–Kubo's (GK) formalism does not agree with that obtained from Einstein–Smoluchowski (ES) diffusion. A 2D-angular radial pair correlation function g(r, θ) clearly indicates asymmetric features induced by gravity. We observe that due to compression in y-direction, though in liquid state for all values of gravity considered, the transverse mode is found to be predominant as compared to the longitudinal mode, leading to a novel Anisotropic Solid-like Yukawa liquid (ASYL). In in-homogenous Yukawa liquids studied here, Mach cones are found to be asymmetric. When density gradient direction is set in the direction opposite to gravity, the equilibrium is shown to be unstable to Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instabilities resulting in transport.

44

Leypoldt, J. K., A. S. Chiu, R. P. Frigon, and L. W. Henderson. "Dialysate to blood transport of macromolecules during peritoneal dialysis." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 257, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): H1851—H1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.6.h1851.

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Asymmetrical transport of macromolecules between plasma and the peritoneal cavity results primarily from unidirectional lymphatic removal from the peritoneal cavity. Recent work suggests, however, that macromolecular transport across the peritoneal-plasma barrier via the capillary wall (i.e., the peritoneal membrane) may also be asymmetrical. We determined the diffusive and convective transport properties for creatinine, p-aminohippurate, and neutral dextran (13-40 A) across the peritoneal membrane in the dialysate to blood direction during peritoneal dialysis using isotonic and hypotonic solutions in awake New Zealand White rabbits. Values of the diffusive permeability-area product that were calculated during the isotonic exchange were similar to, yet somewhat smaller than, those previously determined in the blood to dialysate direction for all test solutes. Solute reflection coefficients that were calculated during the hypotonic exchange were variable, yet the resulting mean solute reflection coefficient values for all the test solutes were similar to those previously determined in the blood to dialysate direction. We conclude that asymmetrical peritoneal transport of macromolecules with radii less than 40 A is not due to asymmetrical transport across the peritoneal membrane.

45

Nakamura, Noboru. "Quantifying Asymmetric Wave Breaking and Two-Way Transport." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 61, no. 22 (November 1, 2004): 2735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3296.1.

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Abstract Effective diffusivity calculated from a scalar field that obeys the advection–diffusion equation has proved useful for estimating the permeability of unsteady boundaries of air masses such as the edge of the stratospheric polar vortex and the extratropical tropopause. However, the method does not discriminate the direction of transport—whereas some material crosses the boundary from one side to the other, some material does so in the other direction—yet the extant method concerns only the net transport. In this paper, the diagnostic is extended to allow partitioning of fluxes of mass and tracer into opposing directions. This is accomplished by discriminating the regions of “inward” and “outward” wave breaking with the local curvature of the tracer field. The utility of the new method is demonstrated for nonlinear Kelvin– Helmholtz instability and Rossby wave breaking in the stratosphere using a numerically generated tracer. The method successfully quantifies two-way transport and hence the direction of wave breaking—the predominantly equatorward breaking of Rossby waves in the extratropical middle stratosphere, for example. Isolated episodes of mixing are identified well, particularly by the mass flux that primarily arises from the tracer filaments. Comparison of different transport schemes suggests that the results are reasonably robust under a varying subgrid representation of the model.

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Maratos-Flier, E., C. Y. Kao, E. M. Verdin, and G. L. King. "Receptor-mediated vectorial transcytosis of epidermal growth factor by Madin-Darby canine kidney cells." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.4.1595.

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Transcellular transport of a variety of ligands may be an important mechanism by which regulatory substances reach their site of action. We have studied the transcellular transport of two 6,000-mol-wt proteins, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin, across polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown on dual-sided chambers on a nitrocellulose filter substrate. When grown on these chambers, MDCK cells are polarized and express distinct basal and apical surfaces. MDCK cells are capable of unidirectional transport of EGF from the basal-to-apical direction, 50% of bound EGF transported in 2 h. Transport was inhibited by the addition of unlabeled EGF in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-EGF receptor Ab, which inhibited binding, also inhibited transport. No transport in the apical-to-basal direction is noted. Insulin transport is not observed in either direction. Transport correlates with the presence of ligand-specific receptors on the cell surface. Hence, EGF receptors (Ro = 48,000, Kd = 3.5 X 10(-10) M) are found only on the basal surface of the MDCK cells and neither surface expresses insulin receptors. Characterization of the EGF receptors on MDCK cells, as assessed by affinity, molecular mass, and anti-receptor antibody binding reveals that this receptor has similar characteristics to EGF receptors previously described on a variety of cells. Hence, the EGF receptor can function as a transporter of EGF across an epithelial cell barrier.

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Wang Yuhua, 王瑜华, 杨洪钦 Yang Hongqin, 谢树森 Xie Shusen, and 李晖 Li Hui. "Experimental Measurement of the Optical Transport along Human Meridian Direction." Chinese Journal of Lasers 36, no. 9 (2009): 2443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20093609.2443.

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Tokuda, Ayako, and Yoshiaki Kitaya. "Effects of gravity direction on water transport in sweetpotato plants." Biological Sciences in Space 33 (2019): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2187/bss.33.18.

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DROŹDZIEL, Paweł, Bibiána BUKOVÁ, and Eva BRUMERČÍKOVÁ. "PROSPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN THE EAST-WEST DIRECTION." Transport Problems 10, no. 4 (2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/tp-2015-043.

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Swarup, Ranjan, and Malcolm Bennett. "Auxin transport: Providing plants with a new sense of direction." Biochemist 36, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03602012.

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Plants, like animals, regulate their growth and development using hormone signals. The hormone auxin plays a critical role throughout the plant life cycle, regulating key processes such as embryo patterning, root branching, shoot phyllotaxis and floral development. Auxin is also crucial for regulating plant adaptive responses to environmental signals such as changes in the direction of light, gravity or water (collectively termed tropisms). Auxin therefore functions as a master regulator of plant growth and development (Figure 1). Given this role, determining where and when auxin accumulates in plant tissues is of paramount importance. In this article, we describe how plants control auxin distribution employing a specialized transport mechanism.

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