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Статті в журналах з теми "Direct quality indexes"
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Nikulina, Elena Nikolaevna, Valerii Petrovich Severyn, and Nina Viktorivna Kotsiuba. "Optimization of direct quality indexes of automatic control systems of steam generator productivity." Bulletin of National Technical University "KhPI". Series: System Analysis, Control and Information Technologies, no. 21 (September 6, 2018): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0023.2018.21.02.
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Neto, Antônio R., Douglas G. Castro, Camila S. C. Da Silva, Laís M. Tomé, Priscila Z. Bassinello, and Flávia B. S. Botelho. "Selection Strategies for Grain Quality in Upland Rice Lines." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The grain quality in rice is extremely important for breeding programs, in order to select lines that meet the standards demanded by the market. The quality attribute is composed by several characteristics, which can make difficult the work for breeder. Thus, the objective in this study was to verify the efficiency of the selection indexes in order to select upland rice lines that meet the grain quality standards. Fourteen lines of the Cultivation and Use Value test (CUV) of the upland rice breeding program of the Federal University of Lavras were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Lavras-MG and Lambari-MG in the seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The experimental was a randomized block design with three replications. The following characteristics were evaluated to compose the indexes: grain yield, minimum cooking time, water absorption index, grain chalkiness, integer grain percentage, grain length and width, apparent amylose content and gelatinization temperature. The following selection indexes were compared: Base index of Willians, Sum of “Ranks” of Mulamb and Mock, and Index Sum of Standardized Variables (Z Index) and also was held direct selection through grain yield. It was observed that the Base index obtained good gains with the selection for grain yield, but it was inefficient for the quality characteristics, results when used direct selection. The Ranks and Z index obtained superior and balanced gains for the characteristics, showing up more efficient in the selection of upland rice lines aiming at the quality of grains.
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Artukhin, V. V., and Yu K. Chiasnavichius. "About generalized criteria of indexes of assessment." Issues of Risk Analysis 16, no. 5 (November 3, 2019): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2019-16-5-82-85.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work authors offers the list of the generalized requirements (or criteria) for indexes of assessment. Requirements can be applied during the development and the analysis of assessment indexes for programs and projects of evolution and performance of the Russian Federation regardless of exact subject domain. Based on authors experience in the field of various assessment techniques development, compliance to the listed requirements allows to improve interpretability of assessment indexes which, in turn, increases also their usefulness. Besides, in particular circumstances the concept of "quality of an index of assessment" can be expressed through the fact of compliance to the offered requirements (for example, direct calculation of requirements to which the index conforms) that can be the useful, for example, when choosing one "best" index of assessment from several alternatives. The offered list of requirements, certainly, isn't single valid one, and article pursues rather the purpose to open a topic for discussion, than to answer the question posed exhaustively.
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Xin-xin, HU, and Chen Chun-lan. "MSHE-PWM Control of Modular Multilevel Direct Current Transmission System." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (November 4, 2015): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001509010553.
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In order to optimize the electric energy quality of HVDC access point, a modular multilevel selective harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation (MSHE-PWM) method is proposed. On the basis of keeping the minimum action frequency of the power device, MSHE-PWM method can meet the requirement for accurately eliminating low-order harmonics in the output PWM waveform. Firstly, establish the basic mathematical model of MMC topology and point out the voltage balance control principle of single modules; then, analyze offline gaining principle and realization way of MSHEPWM switching angle; finally, verify MSHE-PWM control performance on the basis of MMC reactive power compensation experimental prototype. The experimental result shows that the proposed MSHE-PWM method can meet such performance indexes as low switching frequency and no lower-order harmonics, and has verified the feasibility and effectiveness thereof for optimizing the electric energy quality of HVDC access point.
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Romero-Rodríguez, Luis M., and Ignacio Aguaded. "Toward a taxonomy of newspaper information quality: An experimental model and test applied to Venezuela dimensions found in information quality." Journalism 18, no. 10 (August 11, 2016): 1327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884916663596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The quality of information from communication media is a topic that has been dealt with by various theorists through the analysis of the final products of information. This research work offers an analysis model of the quality of information of printed news media by the use of three indexes of categories and structured dimensions that will allow for the assessment and evaluation of the quality of information from the media, and the identification of the incidence of political-economic conditions of the journalistic environment’s macro-environment. For this, an experimental test of two Venezuelan media outlets was performed. Their use allowed us to conclude that political polarization and discourse of social confrontation, as well as economic factors such as inflation and pay scales had a proportionally direct effect on the quality of information products.
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Nurhaida, Ida, Dimas Widya Putra Pratama, Remmy A. M. Zen, and Hong Wei. "INTERIOR GATEWAY PROTOCOL ROUTING PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF THE VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK BASED ON MULTI PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING AND DIRECT-LINK BACKUPSED ON MPLS AND DIRECT-LINK BACKUP." SINERGI 24, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2020.1.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The stability and convergence time become an essential factor in network availability performance. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is one of the Virtual Private Network (VPN) technologies that can support the quality of communication media on the high-speed backbone network. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the proper protocol routing in espousing VPN technology based on MPLS supported by direct-link backup to improve network availability in the Data Center. The purpose of this study is comparing the convergence time and Quality of Service (QoS) among the three IGP protocols routing, namely Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) based on two autonomous system number using Ring topology design between Data Center and DRC. Network scenario is created using the Graphic Network Simulator (GNS3) application to measure convergence time and QoS parameters of the three protocols routing and the use of MPLS-TE and RR in enhancing MPLS backbone performance. The results revealed that QoS in the three protocols routing has a good quality level according to TIPHON’s standard with the number of indexes up to 3.25 (Good). On the other hand, the fastest convergence time when interruption on the main link (VPN) is EIGRP with convergence time for about 15 seconds.
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Barcellos, Suziane Alves, Marcelo Santos de Souza, Victoria Tura, Larissa Rodrigues Pereira, Rafael Kretschmer, Ricardo José Gunski, and Analía Del Valle Garnero. "Direct Chromosome Preparation Method in Avian Embryos for Cytogenetic Studies: Quick, Easy and Cheap." DNA 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dna2010002.
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Avian cell culture is widely applied for cytogenetic studies, the improvement of which increasingly allows for the production of high-quality chromosomes, essential to perform both classical and molecular cytogenetic studies. Among these approaches, there are two main types: fibroblast and bone marrow culture. Despite its high cost and complexity, fibroblast culture is considered the superior approach due to the quality of the metaphases produced. Short-term bone marrow cultivation provides more condensed chromosomes but nonetheless is quicker and easier. In the search for a quicker, cheaper way to prepare metaphases without losing quality, the present work developed a novel, widely applicable protocol for avian chromosome preparation. Twenty-one bird embryos from distinct families were sampled: Icteridae, Columbidae, Furnariidae, Estrildidae, Thraupidae, Troglodytidae and Ardeidae. The protocol was based on a combination of modified fibroblast culture and bone marrow cultivation, taking the advantages of both. The results show that all species consistently presented good mitotic indexes and high-quality chromosomes. Overall, the application of this protocol for bird cytogenetics can optimize the time, considering that most fibroblast cultures take at least 3 days and often much longer. However, our protocol can be performed in 3 h with a much-reduced cost of reagents and equipment.
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Cerquera-Losada, Oscar Hernán, Luisa Fernanda Campos-Fajardo, Laura Sofía Cuéllar-Torrecillas, Luisa Alejandra Durán-Vargas, María Camila López-Tovar, Elizabeth Perea-Rodríguez, Erika Andrea Valero-Nieto, and Delcy Angélica Villate-Montañez. "Determinants of the urban environmental quality: UEQI for colombian cities." Visión electrónica 13, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22484728.15167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present inquiry arises as a result of a constant search of problems that affect cities of the country, by the Hotbed of Investigation of Surcolombian Socioeconomic Studies HISSS, of the Surcolombiana University of Neiva (Colombia) -.In this way, we found those factors and actions that contribute to making Bogotá, Medellin, Barranquilla, Neiva, Tunja and Cúcuta, cities that the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development through the urban environmental quality indexes (UEQUI) categorizes, at medium, low and very low levels. A methodology was developed that projects positivist and qualitative investigation, corresponding to a descriptive and explanatory study of the environmental sustainability of the cities is obtained from factors such as: public space; green areas; environmental pollution; mobility, public transport. The results obtained are of a relevant nature because they show old direct effects on the quality of life of the inhabitants, so that from them, alternative solutions are interpreted and proposed
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Ho, Li-Hsing, Alang Manglavan, and Chung-Cheng Fu. "MODEL FOR AN ALERT UNDER GETTING OEE INTO OLD SHOES OF MC PRICING MECHANISM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i7.2019.766.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The model for updating marginal cost pricing by overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) indexes as well as P*A*Q under existing market tough competition.
Motivation/Background: When production capacity is constant and the AC curve is higher than the MC curve, AC pricing can be employed. Because of market competition, businesses producing in small quantities and low diversity use MC pricing. To reduce the risk to profit, a novel cost pricing mechanism can be adopted by using the unit DC of MC to correspond to the OEE under Areeda-Turner Rule.
Method: The correspondence of the OEE with the unit direct cost (DC) is deduced and verified in this paper by calculating the quotient found by dividing the OEE indexes by unit DC as conditional as Bill of Material (BOM) cost.
Results: Research findings revealed a positive alert for timely updating pricing between average cost (AC) pricing and marginal cost (MC) pricing.
Conclusions: This approach reflects the dynamic game in a timely manner. The OEE comprises the performance, availability, and quality indexes. These three indexes reconcile the unit DC pricing, and using MC in optimization of marginal revenue (MR). In practice, shop floor management measures key indexes of idleness and loss; the objective is to eliminate laggard and static pricing problem. This realizes dynamic examination of cost difference of the BOM cost pool. One case study is employed to explain the MC pricing strategy in industry.
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Damuzzo, Vera, Laura Agnoletto, Roberta Rampazzo, Francesca Cammalleri, Luca Cancanelli, Marco Chiumente, Stefano Costantino, et al. "The QOSMOS Study: Pharmacist-Led Multicentered Observational Study on Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis." Neurology International 13, no. 4 (December 3, 2021): 682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurolint13040065.
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Health-related quality of life is frequently included in patient-reported outcomes aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis, but recent data about Italian patients are missing. A multicenter observational and cross-sectional study was performed by students of hospital pharmacy to update existing data on quality of life and to correlate it with the pharmacological and medical history of patients. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the MS-QoL54 questionnaire, and the pharmacist collected patients’ characteristics, medical and pharmacological history, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Three hundred and forty-nine patients with multiple sclerosis were recruited from 16 centers between May 2018 and June 2019 (median age = 44.1 years; 68.9% women). The composite indexes of physical and mental well-being showed direct correlation with each other (R = 0.826; p < 0.001), and EDSS disability was an independent negative predictor of both indexes (R2 = 35.08% p < 0.001 and R2 = 15.74% p < 0.001, respectively). A trend of association between Physical Health Composite Score and different classes of oral disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) was observed. Our study found a decrease in QoL correlated with teriflunomide, which deserves further investigation. This experience demonstrates that joint action between scientific society and students association can be successful in conducting a no-profit multicenter observational study in a real-world setting.
Дисертації з теми "Direct quality indexes"
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Лукинова, Дарина Андреевна, Валерий Петрович Северин та Елена Николаевна Никулина. "Оптимизация показателей качества систем автоматического управления ядерным реактором ВВЭР-1000". Thesis, Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України, 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/33125.
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Представлены результаты математического моделирования систем автоматического регулирования мощности ядерного реактора ВВЭР-1000. Применены методы оптимизации прямых показателей качества систем автоматического регулирования мощности ядерного реактора с различными типами регуляторов.The results of mathematical modeling of automatic control systems of power of the nuclear reactor WWER-1000 are presented. The technique of optimization of direct quality indexes of automatic regulation system of power of a nuclear reactor with various types of regulators is applied.
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Yonk, Ryan M. "The Political Impact of Quality of Life." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scholars of economics, sociology, political science, and social psychology have attempted to define and quantify quality of life in order to make meaningful observations of society and to formulate optimal policy prescriptions. Unfortunately few if any of these attempts have systematically measured or used quality of life in a quantitative evaluation of data. In what follows I develop an empirically valid metric for measuring quality of life, establish the role of quality of life in determining societal and political outcomes, and explore what predicts higher quality of life to provide insight to about how quality of life can be improved.
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Dick, George H. "Direct Membrane Filtration of Domestic Wastewater: Implications for Coupling with Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (DF-AnMBR) for Wastewater Resource Recovery." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5829.
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With the growing use of membranes in the water industry, different methods for using membranes to treat water is still occurring. Enhancing membrane performance is generally performed with extensive pretreatment methods before the feedwater is filtered by the membrane. With the utilization of direct membrane filtration (DF), no pretreatment is performed and the membrane is exposed to raw wastewater. While this may suggest that membrane performance and permeate quality would suffer in the process, DF testing with a 0.03 µm ultrafiltration PVDF membrane showed that relatively high membrane flux was sustained while producing a high quality effluent. Due to the rejection of the membrane, a highly concentrated fraction of the wastewater, which is significantly reduced in volume but high in solids and organic strength, is obtained and can be treated in other ways.
A process is proposed to treat municipal wastewater by coupling a DF system with an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). AnMBRs generally treat industrial strength wastewater, which is high in chemical oxygen demand (COD), and may struggle with domestic wastewater, which is generally considered low strength in terms of COD. By coupling the DF with an AnMBR, the DF-AnMBR can be used to treat the low strength domestic wastewater. The DF portion can handle the bulk of the liquid fraction, while the highly concentrated fraction of wastewater is treated by the AnMBR stage, thus improving the energy profile of the AnMBR and enhancing performance. A series of flow and mass balance equations for the combined DF-AnMBR was developed, and used to shed insight on design parameters relevant to this novel treatment process.
Since membrane fouling occurs gradually over weeks or months, it is difficult to systematically determine how processes changes may affect membrane performance. Hence, a method to rapidly determine the fouling propensity of wastewater was desired. The modified fouling index (MFI) was previously developed to test the fouling propensity of feedwater for seawater RO desalination, but has not been applied to membrane filtration of wastewater. The MFI method was adapted and used to test the fouling propensity of various treatment streams in the DF-AnMBR system, including raw domestic wastewater, concentrated domestic wastewater (20X by DF), and liquor from an active AnMBR. The effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on fouling propensity was also investigated. Raw wastewater had a fouling potential of about 25% of the AnMBR MFI, and with the utilization of PAC the fouling potential was further decreased to nearly 50% of the original fouling potential. The DF concentrated stream had a higher MFI value than liquor from the AnMBR, but presumably some of organics contributing to fouling would be degraded in the AnMBR. This study demonstrated that DF of raw wastewater is feasible, and the combined use of DF and AnMBR is highly promising.
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Jain, Atul. "The evaluation of bone strength." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12989.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bone drilling is a major part of orthopaedic surgery performed during the internal fixation of fractured bones. At present, information related to drilling force, drilling torque, rate of drill bit penetration and drill bit rotational speed is not available to orthopaedic surgeons, clinicians and researchers as bone drilling is performed manually. This research demonstrates that bone drilling force data if recorded in-vivo, during the repair of bone fractures, can provide information about the strength/quality of the bone. Drilling force does not give a direct measure of bone strength; therefore it has been correlated with the shear strength and screw pullout strength to determine the efficacy in estimating the bone strength. Various synthetic bone material densities and animal bones have been tested to demonstrate the use of drilling force data. A novel automated experimental test rig, which enables drilling tests, screw insertion and screw pullout tests to be carried out in a controlled environment, has been developed. Both drilling and screw pullout tests have been carried out in a single setting of the specimen to reduce the experimental errors and increase repeatability of the results. A significantly high value of correlation (r² > 0.99) between drilling force & shear strength and also between drilling force & normalised screw pullout strength in synthetic bone material was found. Furthermore, a high value of correlation (r² = 0.958 for pig bones and r² = 0.901 for lamb bones) between maximum drilling force & normalised screw pullout strength was also found. The result shows that drilling data can be used to predict material strength. Bone screws are extensively used during the internal fixation of fractured bones. The amount of screw been tightened is one of the main factor which affects the bone-screw fixation quality. Over tightening of screw can result into the loss of bone-screw fixation strength, whereas under tightening can result in the screw loosening. Therefore, optimum tightening of the screw is important to achieve the maximum bone-screw fixation strength. At present, optimum tightening of the screw is entirely dependent upon the skill and judgment of the surgeon, which is predominantly based on the feel of the screw tightening torque. Various studies have been reported in the literature to develop an algorithm to set an optimum tightening torque value to be used in surgery. A method which is based on the use of rotation angle of the screw while tightening, rather than using screw insertion/tightening torque, to optimise the bone-screw fixation strength is proposed in this research. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been successfully demonstrated on the synthetic bone material using the designed test rig. The optimum angle for the tested screw was found to be 120° which is equivalent to 33% of the screw pitch.
Книги з теми "Direct quality indexes"
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O’Dowd, Mary Alice, and Maria Fernanda Gomez. Insomnia and HIV: A Biopsychosocial Approach. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Insomnia is a common complaint across populations and can influence health in many ways. Individuals with HIV may be at higher risk for insomnia owing to direct effects of the virus, pain, psychiatric comorbidities, and other health- and treatment-related issues and lifestyles. This chapter reviews the physiology of healthy sleep and sleep hygiene and addresses assessment and treatment of insomnia in persons with HIV. Careful interview of a patient and accompanying family or friends with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale or Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index may help define the nature of the insomnia and target interventions. Treatment for insomnia can include a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy designed specifically for insomnia as well as education aimed at restructuring bedtime habits in order to promote better sleep. Medication use, such as benzodiazepines, melatonin, orexin, and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, in this population must take into consideration the specific risks and benefits these medications may present in persons with HIV.
Частини книг з теми "Direct quality indexes"
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Navarro-Barranco, Carlos, Macarena Ros, José M. Tierno de Figueroa, and José M. Guerra-García. "Marine Crustaceans as Bioindicators: Amphipods as Case Study." In Fisheries and Aquaculture, 436–62. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865627.003.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A bioindicator species can be defined as “an organism that provides information on the environmental conditions of its habitat by its presence or absence, and its behavior.” In this sense, crustaceans present many biological and ecological characteristics that make them particularly useful as bioindicators (e.g., widespread distribution in different habitats and geographical areas, key role in community functioning, great diversity of life history strategies). Within Crustacea, the order Amphipoda has been considered an especially relevant and suitable group due to its direct development and its special sensibility to disturbances, among other reasons. Crustaceans can be used in biomonitoring studies in a wide variety of habitats (e.g., both soft- and hard-bottom substrata from intertidal to deep environments) and for different types of environmental stressors. An extensive amount of literature has reported the sensitivity of crustacean species to heavy metal contamination, sewage and desalination discharges, or engineering and aquaculture activities, among others. Special emphasis has been placed on the role of crustaceans in the most used indexes (e.g., AMBI, BENTIX, BOPA) developed to establish the environmental quality of European coastal and marine areas. Crustaceans are one of the groups with a higher contribution to those indexes, although their presence is not necessarily indicative of low environmental disturbances. Within amphipods, the importance of the family Caprellidae as a monitoring tool in environmental programs (e.g., trace metal or tributyltin pollution) is highlighted. Alien crustaceans can also play a pivotal role as bioindicators of anthropogenic pressures, and their likely influence on the accuracy of ecological assessment programs should be taken into account. Finally, there is an increasing need to improve our scarce taxonomic knowledge in many crustacean groups since that information is vital for the correct development of monitoring tools. Studies dealing with the species’ ecological and biological traits are also encouraged in order to understand the potential application of these species as bioindicators.
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Modarres, Mohsen. "Exploring the Effects of Learning Capability and Innovation on Quality Management-Organizational Performance Relationship." In Quality Control [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102503.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Management scholars should further study the scientific area concerning the contingent effects of learning capability and organizational innovations on the relationship between quality management organizational performance. This chapter examines the interactive effects of quality management with organizational learning capability and innovations on organizational performance. Indeed, it may be argued that within quality management theory and methodology, the need to consider the contingency approach may result in an in-depth understanding of how the intersection of constituent elements associated with quality management influences organizational performance. Results revealed that the interaction of quality management and learning capability explained higher variance in organizational performance than the direct effect of quality management on performance. Similarly, interactions between quality management and innovations explained more significant variance in organizational performance than the direct effect of quality management on performance. Outcomes showed that quality management might not directly impact organizational performance. Findings underscore the importance of interactive effects of innovation and organizational learning capability with quality management in explaining the relationship between quality management and organizational performance.
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Cheng, T. C. E., L. C. F. Lai, and A. C. L. Yeung. "The Driving Forces of Customer Loyalty." In Electronic Business, 1540–57. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch095.
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In this study we examine the driving forces of customer loyalty in the broadband market in Hong Kong. We developed and empirically tested a model to examine the antecedents of customer loyalty towards Internet service providers (ISPs) in Hong Kong. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the proposed model. A total of 737 valid returns were obtained through a questionnaire survey. The results show that customer satisfaction, switching cost, and price perception are antecedents that lead directly to customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction exerting the greatest influence. Although we found that service quality significantly influences customer satisfaction, which in turn leads to customer loyalty, we did not find a direct relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. Our results also reveal that corporate image is not related to customer loyalty. Our empirical investigation suggests that investing huge resources in building corporate image can indeed be a risky strategy for ISPs.
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Mylen Montero Puñales, Elina, and Sadek Crisóstomo Absi Alfaro. "Stability on the GMAW Process." In Welding - Modern Topics. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90386.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process is highly used in industrial production; therefore great efforts are made to select the appropriate procedure to ensure the highest quality. An area of study directly correlated to the quality of GMAW and widely studied is the control of process stability. The objective of this chapter is to present a bibliographical review of the scientific literature related to qualitative and quantitative indexes to evaluate the stability of the GMAW process. The documents present a compilation of the factors that affect stability, stability indexes, and, finally, a synthesis of the study. With a review of the literature, it was concluded that the highest percentage of investigation was aimed at the study of metal transfer stability, specifically with the short-circuit transfer mode. It is also evident that the main processing techniques to develop the indexes were the mathematical formulation; the statistical analysis; image processing; and monitoring of acoustic signals. In this text, the discussion surrounds the papers, the thesis, and other documents found on the theme.
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Hashim, Mohmadisa, Arijatul Wardah Ahmad, Zahid Mat Said, Nasir Nayan, Hanifah Mahat, Yazid Saleh, and Koh Liew See. "Seasonal Variability of Groundwater Quality in Kapas Island, Terengganu, Malaysia." In Water Quality - Factors and Impacts [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99863.
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The chapter aims to evaluate the groundwater quality levels in Kapas Island, Terengganu, Malaysia during the monsoon changes of the Southwest Monsoon (SWM), Monsoon Transition (MT) and Northeast Monsoon (NEM) in 2018. Four locations were used for groundwater sampling namely, the Kapas Coral Beach Resort, Kapas Beach Chalet, Pak Ya Seaview Chalet, and Kapas Island Resort. Three water samplings at each station for every month in the monsoon. Six parameters of the Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI), i.e., dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), were used to evaluate the water quality. The findings showed the groundwater quality parameters are in Class I and II. However, according to WQI Malaysia, the water quality status during the three monsoons is slightly polluted. During the SWM, the WQI value was 76 (Class III), the MT was 77 (Class II), and the NEM was WQI 71 (Class III). Given this status, it requires more intensive water treatment as it is not suitable for direct drinking water supply. The implications of the study show that the quality of groundwater in Kapas Island has to improve by the tour operators.
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Banerjee, Avijit, and Timothy F. Watson. "Long-term management of direct restorations." In Pickard's Guide to Minimally Invasive Operative Dentistry. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712091.003.0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As has been emphasized throughout this book, minimum intervention oral/dental care involves more than just the minimally invasive operative treatment of the consequences of dental disease. It involves identifying and predicting disease patterns, and concerns the control/ prevention of disease by modifying aetiological factors and reassessing the adherence to changes in patient behaviours, attitudes, and responsibility. Monitoring the oral cavity and restored dentition ensures that the treatment undertaken, and subsequently improved oral health, is maintained. This should be accomplished through individualized strategic recall regimes. Restorations need to be reviewed regularly and occasionally refurbished, resealed, repaired, or replaced (see Figures 9.1, 9.2, and 9.3, and Section 9.5). Therefore periodic recall appointments, once an episode of treatment has been completed, are just as important as the treatment itself. It is critical that the patient understands the importance of these recall consultations as part of the ongoing care that is being offered to help to maintain their oral health. Three aspects of dental care need to be assessed at recall visits:… • the overall state of the patient’s oral and dental health (review) • the individual patient’s longer-term response/adherence to previous preventive advice and/or treatment, in moderating any aetiological factors that could cause future dental disease (reassessment) • the status and quality of the restorations present (monitoring and maintenance)…. The potential causes of restoration failure have been identified and outlined in Table 9.1. It is important to appreciate that the causes of restoration and tooth failure (see Table 9.2) are often multifactorial in nature. Indeed, as the causes of both tooth and restoration failure are inextricably linked, it is wise to consider them together, as a tooth–restoration complex. The multifactorial aetiology of restoration failure is often due to manifestations of inherent long-term weaknesses in the mechanical properties of different restorative materials (e.g. poor edge strength, wear, compressive strength, water absorption, etc.) and/or problems with the technical application of the restorative material for the chosen clinical situation (i.e. incorrect choice of material and poor placement technique). The chemistry and physical properties of the different direct, plastic restorative dental materials at a dentist’s disposal have been discussed in Chapter 7.
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Tristiarini, Nila. "CSR's Capability as a Conflict's Resolution to Enhance a Firm's Value in Indonesia." In Corporate Social Responsibility, 722–39. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6192-7.ch038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this research is to analyse the part of agency cost reduction, firm's corporate governance quality in its relation with corporate social responsibility (CSR), and firm's value. The sample used in this research are firms that have CSR information disclose in their annual company's report and firms that are joining corporate governance ranking conducted by The Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG) publicized as CGPI (Corporate Governance Perception Index) year 2006-2012. The research outcomes demonstrate that CSR produces a direct positive result to firm's value. It also demonstrates that agency cost reduction has a role as an intermediary between CSR and firm's value. Other outcomes demonstrate that firm's corporate governance quality do not moderate correlation between CSR and agency cost reduction.
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Fredman, Sandra, Meghan Campbell, and Helen Taylor. "Human rights and equality in education: Introduction." In Human Rights and Equality in Education, 1–8. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447337638.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the relationship between human rights and equality in education. Education has been recognised as a fundamental human right at least since 1948, when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declared that everyone has the right to free and compulsory education. Importantly, the right extends beyond access to education; it also includes quality education. Indeed, education must be ‘directed to the full development of the human personality’ and ‘promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups’. The right to education has also been recognised in the major international human rights instruments, and in the domestic law of numerous countries. This book then determines what role human rights can play in addressing some of the most challenging issues in the quest for quality education for all.
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Mabed, Metwaly S. K., and Thomas Köhler. "Improving the Perception of Technology-Supported Learning Situations." In Pedagogical Considerations and Opportunities for Teaching and Learning on the Web, 89–108. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4611-7.ch006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The majority of educational institutes have adopted some kind of technology, especially a Learning Management System (LMS), to facilitate the ways of learning in classrooms. Indeed, the investment in technology with the expectation of fostering learning relies on students’ response toward such technology. Therefore, it is essential not only to predict students’ behavior toward a LMS but also to grasp how students make a decision to use a particular system. This chapter explores the potential factors that have the most significant influence on the adoption of LMSs in Egypt as well as the relationships between these factors. The proposed model extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to include self-efficacy and system quality, with the expectation that they significantly shape the use of LMS. The data shows that most of the causal relationships between technology acceptance factors are well supported. The results also indicate that the system quality has a direct effect on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. One interesting observation is the strong influence of perceived ease of use on LMS usage, much stronger than the influence of perceived usefulness on the use of LMS.
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S. Etukudoh, Nkereuwem, and Uchejeso M. Obeta. "Patients’ (Clients) Satisfaction with Medical Laboratory Services Contributes to Health and Quality Improvement." In Healthcare Access [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99290.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Patients’ (clients/customer) services and satisfaction in Medical Laboratory Services and general healthcare is one of the twelve (12) quality essentials of Total Quality Management System (TQMS) emphasized by quality standards as seen in ISO 17025, ISO 15189 and ISO 9001. The patients otherwise referred to as customers or clients to Medical Laboratory and healthcare in general, is the heart-beat and kings to the healthcare system. This chapter looks into the quality aspect of medical laboratory services from the patients’ angle towards thorough satisfaction or dissatisfaction index and otherwise creates room for improvement in the services and healthcare in general. The chapter therefore, identified medical laboratory clients to include patients and patients’ relations, physicians and other healthcare workers, public health and government, communities and interested parties, and medical laboratory profession. There is a need to administer services satisfaction survey developed by Director of Medical Laboratory Services or human resources/quality officers in line with the ISO 15189, ISO 17075 and ISO 9001 to customers/clients from time to time so the outcome can be used to correct services errors and cause quality improvement. It is believed that patients’ satisfaction causes improvement in healthcare, quick recovery of patients and willingness of the patient to return to the healthcare facility in future. Patients’ and customers’ in medical laboratory feedback contributes to quality management and improvement to Medical Laboratory services and healthcare as an ingredient of TQMS.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Direct quality indexes"
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Koné, Alassane, Allyx Fontaine, and Samira El Yacoubi. "COUPLING CELLULAR AUTOMATA WITH MEDALUS ASSESSMENT FOR THE DESERTIFICATION ISSUE." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/vqgh6804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Desertification is one of the major problems affecting our environment in the 21st century. Indeed, it threatens more than 1.5 million people worldwide and affects a quarter of the land in less than 100 countries, it spreads over half a billion hectares per year and reduces the surface water and groundwater. Thus, according to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organisation written in 1993, the direct and visible impacts of desertification are the damage on crops, on livestock, on the electricity productivity, etc. Indirect impacts are lack of food production, poverty, social upheaval, rural exodus to cities. In this paper, our work consists in modelling the degradation process of land whose advanced level leads to the desertification. The first step consists in assessing the degradation of land with the MEDALUS model developed by the MEDALUS project of the commission of the European Union. This model assesses desertification by its sensitivity index which is the geometric mean of four quality factor indexes of soil, vegetation, climate and management (land use). This assessment method uses the major part of the parameters influencing the land degradation process. The second step is to model the land degradation process using cellular automata (CA) approach. For that purpose, the study area will be divided into a regular grid of cells. Initially, each cell has a state (desertification sensitivity index) whose evolution at each discrete time step depends on the states of its neighbours through a built transition function. As a result, this study allows to introduce a dynamical process in MEDALUS model. Indeed, from an initial configuration of an area, the model can predict its evolution over time and space according to a continuous state transition function that extend the classical CA approach and fit to the MEDALUS model parameters.
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Pereira, Marcelo B., and Flavio Horowitz. "Direct near-surface measurement of refractive index: extension of the Brewster-Pfund method to graded-index films." In 19th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for the Quality of Life, edited by Giancarlo C. Righini and Anna Consortini. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.524576.
Повний текст джерела
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Dockendorf, Ce´dric P. R., Tae-Youl Choi, Dimos Poulikakos, and C. P. Grigoropoulos. "Multilayer Direct-Writing of Electrical Conductors With Gold Nanoinks Using the Fountain-Pen Principle." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73497.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous publications showed the potential of gold nanoparticle inks in microelectronic manufacturing. The main advantage of using nanoparticles for the production of microelectronic conductors is their low melting point. Indeed the melting point of gold nanoparticles decreases dramatically with decreasing size. This interesting property presents us with an uncomplicated way in which to produce electronic conductors on plastics, thus manufacture flexible electronics. Microelectronic applications which make use of materials other than silicon make their appearance ever more often. In this paper we present a method of manufacturing multilayered electronic circuits using a scanning-probe-inspired technology to deposit and anneal a gold nanoink on various substrates. We then tested the quality of this technology by applying it to a real complete electronic circuit.
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Loreti, Eduardo Henrique, Juliano Romais de Oliveira, Elaine Kakuta, Alisson Alexandre da Silva, and Elisabete Castelon Konkiewitz. "Transcranial direct current stimulation in pain modulation in fibromyalgia: systematic review with bibliometric analysis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) affects the population’s physical and mental health and is characterized by changes in brain activity and pain reporting. Objectives: To systematize and discuss the effects of tDCS on pain improvement in patients with FM as well as the “state of the art”. Design and setting: Systematic review with bibliometric. Methods: Articles were searched in the databases: MEDLINE / PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Randomized clinical trials, published between 1996 and 2021, that used tDCS to treat pain in patients with fibromyalgia were included. Studies that used tDCS associated with another technique (except pharmacological) were excluded. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the PEDro and Rob 2.0 scale. Software R. was used to perform bibliometrics. Results: Nine articles were included, totaling 306 participants. The main stimulated areas were the primary death cortex (M1) (6 studies) and left dorsalateral prefrontal cortex (CPFDL) (4 studies). Eight studies used the intensity of 2 mA and application for 20 minutes. Both stimulation of M1 and CPFDL showed effects on pain improvement greater than tDCS sham. As for the research institutes, Havard Medical School and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul lead the ranking. The author with the greatest impact was Fregni, F. (index h: 12, index g: 17, index m: 0.800, total publications 17, beginning: 2006). Conclusions: tDCS proved to be effective for the treatment of pain in FM. The production of studies is limited.
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Zarembski, Allan M., and Clifford S. Bonaventura. "Dynamic Effects of Track Surface Condition on Vertical Wheel/Rail Forces and Energy Consumption." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As track geometry degrades, and in particular as track surface and cross-level (as defined by a Track Quality Index or TQI) degrades, railway vehicles going over that degraded track experience increased vertical dynamic behavior and increased vehicle/track interaction. This in turn translates into increased wheel/rail dynamic forces as well as increased energy (fuel) consumption. While this concept has been known for many years, there has been limited study of the direct relationships between the degree of track degradation (as quantified by a Track Quality Index type parameter) and the magnitude of the dynamic force and energy consumption increase. This paper presents a recent study on the dynamic effects of track surface geometry degradation, which has direct impact on maintenance practices, policies, and economics. Specifically, this paper presents the results of a series of analyses looking at the effect of increased track geometry degradation, as measured by a track geometry inspection vehicle, and quantified by a Track Quality Index (TQI). The effects examined include loss of energy and wasted fuel due to dissipation of energy in the vehicle suspension, as well as the increase in dynamic vertical force at the wheel/rail interface. The analyses used over 100 miles of US main line (Class 1) railroad track geometry data for a broad range of track conditions (and corresponding Track and Surface Quality Indices); together with a sophisticated multi-degree of freedom vehicle dynamics model to develop a relationship between track condition and dynamic effects. The results are a series of non-linear relationships between track condition, as defined by TQI, and energy loss in the suspension system, i.e. energy dissipation. A second set of non-linear relations was also developed between track condition, as defined by TQI, and dynamic force multiplier, i.e. the ratio of dynamic force to static wheel/rail load. The paper presents these results in both mathematical and graphical form.
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Pessoa, Ezequiel C. P., Leandro F. Ribeiro, Alexandre Q. Bracarense, Weslley C. Dias, Luciano G. D. Andrade, Stephen Liu, Valter R. Santos, and Mauri´cio J. Monteiro. "Arc Stability Indexes Evaluation on Underwater Wet Welding." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20876.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Underwater wet welding (UWW) with shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is employed basically in repairs of offshore structures, including platforms, ships and others. The main problems of this type of welds are related, of course, with water presence in the electric arc that causes higher cooling rates, Oxygen and Hydrogen availability in the arc atmosphere and arc instability. Many of research and test welding programs in laboratory are undertaken in shallow water performed by automatic devices using hyperbaric chambers to simulate depths. Also, welding arc signals are acquired using data acquisition systems and the arc stability is estimated through indexes calculated from values acquired and analyzed. It is very well known the reduced stability of the wet welding process at shallow depths — less than approximately five meters. So this effect would be considerable significant since it can be used to make correlations between the arc stability indexes and the welds quality results. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the most used arc stability indexes reported in the literature in detect the arc instability effect of shallow water wet welding. Bead-on-plate welds had been made using a gravity feeding system device inside a hyperbaric chamber, applying straight polarity (DCEN) in ASTM A36 steel plates, using the same weld parameters in two different depths, 0.5 and 20.0 meters. Rutile, basic and oxidizing commercial electrodes types prepared for UWW with 3.25mm rod diameter were used. Visual analysis, bead morphology and arc stability were the criteria used to evaluate the weld quality. The voltage and current arc signals were acquired at 10 KHz rate. The arc stability indexes measured were average voltage and current and its standard deviation, S (Imax/Imin) parameter, voltage and current square mean, arc “re-ignition” voltage and current, metal transfer time and its deviation, metal transfer frequency and its deviation, short circuit time and its deviation and the voltage versus current graph area. The results shown that none of the stability indexes tested has been shown to indicate, alone, a good relationship to the surface appearance obtained for the three electrodes studied. The rutile type electrode was the only one that clearly produced better weld appearance at 20 meters than in shallow water depth. The rutile and oxidizing electrodes showed better surface appearance with the increased number of short circuits. For the rutile electrode, the globular transfer mode with high voltage were directly related with poor weld bead surface appearance.
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Lentz, Alvaro E., Moises Angeles, Equisha Glenn, Nazario Ramírez, and Jorge E. González. "On the Recent Climatological and Energy Trends in Mexico City." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This is a first report of a comprehensive effort to determine the nexus between energy demands, population growth, and a changing climate for Mexico region. We first report here Mexico City climatology, trends in temperatures, heat index and heat waves registered in the Valley of Mexico and its potential relation to electricity consumption. The work is motivated by the environmental impacts that densely populated cities such as Mexico City produces manifested by energy consumption and emissions to the environment and direct consequences in the quality of its inhabitants and on the local environment. We used eight weather stations spread over the valley of Mexico to analyze temporal trends of maximum and minimum daily temperatures and relative humidity. The heat index and the human discomfort index are derived as tools to determine trends in environmental variables that may be linked to energy demands in the Valley. The actual power consumption in the valley of Mexico are further analyzed for formulating relationship between power consumption and maximum temperatures during long-term scenarios and during specific extreme heat events. The relationship between power consumption with changes in the population in the valley of Mexico is also investigated.
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Kumalasari, Dwi Tour, Bhisma Murti, and Vitri Widyaningsih. "Path Analysis on the Biopsychosocial Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Elderly in Surakarta Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a commonly used measure of health outcome. It reflects several dimensions of health, including physical, psychological, social, cognitive function, as well as general well-being, including in elderly population. The association between social capital and HRQoL in elderly has been rarely studied in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biopsychosocial factors influencing the quality of life of elderly using path analysis. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, in December 2019. A sample of 200 elderly was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were education, income, marital status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, locus of control, family support, peer support, social capital. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results: Quality of life in elderly was directly increased by high physical activity (b= 2.01; 95% CI= 0.55 to 3.45; p= 0.007), education ≥Elementary school (b= 2.38; 95% CI= 0.79 to 3.97; p= 0.003), BMI 18.5 to 25 (b= 3.45; 95% CI= 1.60 to 5.30; p<0.001), income ≥Rp 1,800,000 (b= 2.96; 95% CI= 1.33 to 4.59; p<0.001), strong social capital (b= 2.01; 95% CI= 0.56 to 3.44; p= 0.006), married (b= 2.15; 95% CI= 0.63 to 3.67; p= 0.005), and internal locus of control (b= 2.29; 95% CI= 0.69 to 3.90; p= 0.005). Quality of life in elderly was directly increased by physical activity, education, peer support, social capital, and marital status. Conclusion: Quality of life in elderly is directly increased by high physical activity, education ≥Elementary school, BMI 18.5 to 25, income ≥Rp 1,800,000, strong social capital, married, and internal locus of control. Quality of life in elderly is directly increased by physical activity, education, peer support, social capital, and marital status. Keywords: quality of life, biopsychosocial, path analysis, elderly Correspondence: Dwi Tour Kumalasari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: kumalasari.azzah-ra@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281216417536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.41
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R. F. B. de Souza, Victor, Luciano S. Barros, and Flavio B. Costa. "Performance Comparison of 2L-VSC, 3L-NPC, and 3L-MMC Converter Topologies for Interfacing Grid-Connected Systems." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, power converters play a fundamental role in the conditioning and processing of active and reactive power, and are directly related to power quality indexes. In this sense, new multi-level converter topologies have been integrated in order to provide higher power processing capacity with lower harmonic distortion, switch stress, heating, and losses. The use of these structures compared to conventional two-level converters is especially suitable for high power of the order of megawatt. Considering the relevance of this approach, this paper presents a comparative performance analysis among the conventional two-level topology (2L-VSC) and two multilevel topologies in a grid-connected system: neutral point clamped (NPC) and modular multilevel converter (MMC). Simulation test results present the impacts on voltages and currents for the switches and the whole system, as well as the evaluation of the total harmonic distortion (THD) in order to highlight the crucial points of each topology for this kind of application.
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Faber, Michael H., Daniel Straub, Roberto Montes-Iturrizaga, and Ernesto Heredia-Zavoni. "FPSO Risk Assessment and Acceptance Criteria With Application to FPSO Mooring Systems." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Risk based design code safety format calibration for FPSO installations is addressed based on the results of a recent industrial project performed for IMP by the authors. Generic risk models for general engineering systems are introduced taking basis in recent work by the Joint Committee on Structural Safety (JCSS). Thereafter, the scenarios considered for the risk based calibration of a design code safety format for the design of FPSO facilities in the Gulf of Mexico are outlined in some detail. Furthermore, it is shown how these scenarios may be represented in a generic risk assessment model greatly enhanced by the utilization of hierarchical risk modeling procedures such as Bayesian Probabilistic Nets (BPN’s). A short outline of the Life Quality Index (LQI) principle is then introduced as a practically applicable means to determine how much should be invested into life saving activities. Finally, an example is given where the introduced concepts are used for the purpose of determining the target reliability index for individual mooring lines taking into account the direct and indirect consequences of failure of the mooring system for a considered generic FPSO installation.
Звіти організацій з теми "Direct quality indexes"
1
Wagner, D. Ry, Eliezer Lifschitz, and Steve A. Kay. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Flowering in Arabidopsis and Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585198.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The primary objectives for the US lab included: the characterization of ELF3 transcription and translation; the creation and characterization of various transgenic lines that misexpress ELF3; defining genetic pathways related to ELF3 function regulating floral initiation in Arabidopsis; and the identification of genes that either interact with or are regulated by ELF3. Light quality, photoperiod, and temperature often act as important and, for some species, essential environmental cues for the initiation of flowering. However, there is relatively little information on the molecular mechanisms that directly regulate the developmental pathway from the reception of the inductive light signals to the onset of flowering and the initiation of floral meristems. The ELF3 gene was identified as possibly having a role in light-mediated floral regulation since elj3 mutants not only flower early, but exhibit light-dependent circadian defects. We began investigating ELF3's role in light signalling and flowering by cloning the ELF3 gene. ELF3 is a novel gene only present in plant species; however, there is an ELF3 homolog within Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis elj3 mutation causes arrhythmic circadian output in continuous light; however, we show conclusively normal circadian function with no alteration of period length in elj3 mutants in dark conditions and that the light-dependent arrhythmia observed in elj3 mutants is pleiotropic on multiple outputs regardless of phase. Plants overexpressing ELF3 have an increased period length in constant light and flower late in long-days; furthermore, etiolated ELF3-overexpressing seedlings exhibit a decreased acute CAB2 response after a red light pulse, whereas the null mutant is hypersensitive to acute induction. This finding suggests that ELF3 negatively regulates light input to both the clock and its outputs. To determine whether ELF3's action is phase dependent, we examined clock resetting by light pulses and constructed phase response curves. Absence of ELF3 activity causes a significant alteration of the phase response curve during the subjective night, and overexpression of ELF3 results in decreased sensitivity to the resetting stimulus, suggesting that ELF3 antagonizes light input to the clock during the night. Indeed, the ELF3 protein interacts with the photoreceptor PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. The phase ofELF3 function correlates with its peak expression levels of transcript and protein in the subjective night. ELF3 action, therefore, represents a mechanism by which the oscillator modulates light resetting. Furthermore, flowering time is dependent upon proper expression ofELF3. Scientifically, we've made a big leap in the understanding of the circadian system and how it is coupled so tightly with light reception in terms of period length and clock resetting. Agriculturally, understanding more about the way in which the clock perceives and relays temporal information to pathways such as those involved in the floral transition can lead to increased crop yields by enabling plants to be grown in suboptimal conditions.
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Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Panthea Pouramin, Rupal Brahmbhatt, Cameron Fioret, Talia Glickman, K. Bruce Newbold, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Migration and Water: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/lkzr3535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.