Дисертації з теми "Dipteran pest"
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Taraphdar, Tanushree. "Molecular genetic characterization of wolbachia endosymbionts in dipteran pest of silkworm." Thesis, Vidyasagar University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1392.
Повний текст джерелаGouge, Dawn Heather. "Biological control of sciarid flies (Diptera: Sciaridae) with entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida), including reference to other diptera." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385057.
Повний текст джерелаKokkinn, M. J. "A control strategy for `Tanytarsus barbitarsis` Freeman (Diptera : Chironomidae), a small-scale pest organism /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk796.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNottingham, S. F. "Host-finding behaviour of Phytophagous Diptera." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383350.
Повний текст джерелаKelly, Maeve S. "Studies on the natural enemies of Tipulidae (Diptera: nematocera) in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482044.
Повний текст джерелаSchmid, Ryan B. "Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), smart-trap design and deployment strategies." Diss., Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38763.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Entomology
Brian P. McCornack
Timely enactment of insect pest management and incursion mitigation protocols requires development of time-sensitive monitoring approaches. Numerous passive monitoring methods exist (e.g., insect traps), which offer an efficient solution to monitoring for pests across large geographic regions. However, given the number of different monitoring tools, from specific (e.g., pheromone lures) to general (e.g., sticky cards), there is a need to develop protocols for deploying methods to effectively and efficiently monitor for a multitude of potential pests. The non-random movement of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), toward several visual, chemical, and tactile cues, makes it a suitable study organism to examine new sensor technologies and deployment strategies that can be tailored for monitoring specific pests. Therefore, the objective was to understand Hessian fly behavior toward new sensor technologies (i.e., light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser displays) to develop monitoring and deployment strategies. A series of laboratory experiments and trials were conducted to understand how the Hessian fly reacts to the technologies and how environmental factors may affect the insect’s response. Hessian fly pupae distribution within commercial wheat fields was also analyzed to determine deployment of monitoring strategies. Laboratory experiments demonstrated Hessian fly attraction to green spectrum (502 and 525 nm) light (LEDs), that response increased with light intensity (16 W/m2), and that they responded in the presence of wheat odor and the Hessian fly female sex-pheromone, but, response was reduced under ambient light. These laboratory experiments can be used to build a more targeted approach for Hessian fly monitoring by utilizing the appropriate light wavelength and intensity with pheromone and wheat odor to attract both sexes, and mitigating exposure to ambient light. Together this information suggested that light could be used with natural cues to increase attraction. Therefore, a light source (green laser display) was applied to a wheat microcosm, which resulted in greater oviposition in wheat covered by the laser display. Examination of Hessian fly pupal distribution within commercial wheat fields showed that proportion of wheat within a 1 km buffer of the field affected distribution between fields. This helps to inform deployment of monitoring strategies as it identified fields with a lower proportion of wheat within a 1 km buffer to be at higher risk Hessian fly infestation, and therefore monitoring efforts should be focused on those fields. Together this work demonstrates Hessian fly behavior toward new sensor technologies, how those technologies interact with environmental cues, and how environmental composition affects pupal distribution. Collectively this information will enable cheaper, more accurate and more efficient monitoring of this destructive pest.
De, Beer Chantel Janet. "Assessment of blackfly (Diptera : Simuliidae) problem status and potential biological control agents along the Vaal and Orange Rivers in South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07302009-154218/.
Повний текст джерелаChitra, Eric, and n/a. "Bionomics of Culicoides molestus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): a pest biting midge in Gold Coast canal estates." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041119.101151.
Повний текст джерелаChitra, Eric. "Bionomics of Culicoides molestus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): a pest biting midge in Gold Coast canal estates." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367178.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
Full Text
Brownbridge, M. "Evaluation of bacteria as control agents of pasture leatherjackets (Tipula sp. diptera : tipulidae)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354422.
Повний текст джерелаPrezotto, Leandro Fontes. "Análise do ITS1 do DNA ribossômico em espécies do complexo Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-02062008-135324/.
Повний текст джерелаFruit flies of Tephritidae family are important pest for the worldwide fruitculture because many species use commercial variety of fruits as host for the development of thier larval stage. Anastrepha is endemic of the American Continent and comprises about 200 described species, 90 of which occurs in Brazil. Among these species the most important is the nominal A. fraterculus, that, actually, comprises a complex of cryptic species, the so-called \"fraterculus complex\". Four species of the complex has been characterized, three of which occurs in Brazil (A.sp.1, A.sp.2, A. sp.3) and one in Ecuador (A. sp.4). In the present analyses the ITS1 spacer of the ribosomal genes was characterized by PCR and sequencing, in samples of A. fraterculus s.l. from several populations in Brazil and from different regions of South, Central America and Mexico. Amplyfication was carried out with primers designed in the present analyses, 18SF and 5.8SR, that generate fragments of 900 bp containing a partial sequence of the 18S gene, the complete ITS1 and the initial portion of the 5.8S gene. The length of the fragment did not varied significantly among the samples. The ITS1 size varied from 539 to 584 bp, and contained a very high content of AT, from 77.6 to 88.6 %, among samples. Similarity of the ITS1 sequences was high (from 88% to 99.8%) among the samples, and no signficant intraspecific differences were found in the sequences of samples from different brazilian populations. The POY software produced many parcimonious phylogenetic trees, and the strict consensus tree grouped the samples in distinct clades. First, there was a separation of the clade of Ceratitis species (outgroups) from the clade of Anastrepha. Within this clade A. obliqua was isolated from a large clade containg all the samples of A. fraterculus s.l.. Within A. fraterculus, one clade grouped the samples from Mexico and Guatemala, another clade the samples from Ecuador and Peru and a clade with the samples from Brazil and Argentina. The sample of Colombia was found as independent branch of the tree. In each of these clades there were subgroups of the different samples, and it was observed a relationship of these clades and subgroups to the biogeographic divisions of the entomofauna of Latin America with a few exceptions. The analysis of ITS1 clearly corroborate previous data indicating that there are three biological entities of the fraterculus complex in Brazil. It also indicates that different entities must exist in other regions of Latin America.
Stainton, Kirsty. "Genetic control of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670052.
Повний текст джерелаChapman, Jason Wayne. "Investigations into the behaviour of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: muscidae), towards chemical and visual stimuli, in relation to control in intensive animal rearing units." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243172.
Повний текст джерелаDUROVIC, Gordana. "The exploitation of microbial volatiles for integrated pest management of spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/100490.
Повний текст джерелаThe spotted-wing Drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), native to Eastern Asia, is one of the main emerging pests of valuable crops in Europe and the Americas. In 2008, rapid invasion of this soft fruit pest species occurred across Europe and the Americas. Consequentially, D. suzukii is currently one of the most relevant pest of valued horticultural crops, attacking soft fruit and wine grapes, and causing millions of dollars of damage annually. In contrast with other Drosophilae, SWD is capable of penetrating the skin of ripening fruit and laying eggs inside, where larval instars feed, develop and cause damage. This small fruit fly, a closely-related species of D. melanogaster and D. simulans, has developed a sophisticated olfactory system that can detect fruit odour and other odours coming from a potentially suitable habitat. Volatile cues are long-range mediators of its behaviour. Investigation of the olfactory system of D. suzukii will thus develops our understanding of the behaviour and physiology of these insects and allows us to develop effective pest control solutions. Current control strategies rely on the heavy use of insecticides, which have a negative ecological impact, and in the long run are neither effective nor sustainable. The tools that chemical ecology provides fit perfectly into D. suzukii integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, and could offer an alternative, more sustainable approach to limit its spread and damage. In this PhD thesis, we used microbiological, chemical, electrophysiological and laboratory bioassays and open field studies in our investigations. The overall aim of this PhD study was to investigate the potential of a tailored wine-apple cider-sugar cane mixture together with microbial volatiles in an innovative trap designed to improve the attractiveness of D. suzukii in the open field. Sustainable approaches to limit the spread of D. suzukii and the damage it causes always require effective lures and traps. We, therefore, intended to develop an innovative and effective lure to be implemented in a selective trapping system for controlling SWD as part of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes in open fields. While most research investigating D. suzukii has focused on volatile cues derived from host fruit or yeast, there is little evidence about how other microorganisms emitting volatile compounds could play a role in this fly’s behaviour. Moreover, little is known about how bacterial microbial volatiles affects the behaviour of SWD and whether they can be applied to improve integrated pest management control of this invasive species. We used Droskidrink®, a commercial product for catching D. suzukii, as a basic lure for improvement and further investigations. We demonstrated that adding lactic acid bacteria to Droskidrink® in the first week after fermentation improves attractiveness for SWD. We investigated key odourant cues for SWD, emitted by the wine-vinegar-lactic acid bacteria fermentation process. Furthermore, we found a connection between the same volatile cues capable of mediating the behaviour of Drosophila suzukii and other organisms on different trophic levels. For investigation across different trophic levels, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic products and the well-known D. suzukii endoparasitoid Trichopria drosophilae Perkins (Hymenoptera; Diapriidae). Volatiles extracted from different sources are used to develop simple attractants with the use of a small number of compounds in a special ratio and concentration. Currently, the most prominent lures contain volatiles isolated from Merlot wine, rice vinegar, wine vinegar, apple cider vinegar, apple juice, fermented apple juice, the surface of raspberries or crushed berry fruits, including blueberries, cherries and strawberries. Some volatile compounds are isolated from acetic acid bacteria grown in different liquid media, and volatiles from different yeast fermentations. In the first part of the PhD study (Chapter 2), we investigated the use of bacteria as a bio-catalyser of metabolic processes occurring during malolactic fermentation of a wine-apple cider-sugar cane mixture attractive to Drosophila suzukii. We first evaluated the attractiveness of Droskidrink® food bait supplemented with different lactic acid bacteria strains. This experiment was conducted in open field studies in a commercial vineyard. We used Droso-Trap® Biobest, and Droskidrink® supplemented with Oenococcus oeni, Pediococcus spp and Lactobacillus spp. Moreover, the performance of attractive bacterial strains was investigated under laboratory conditions. Next, we studied the electroantennography response of SWD flies to the most attractive O. oeni strains, supplemented with Droskidrink®. The results showed that of the different lactic acid bacteria studied in laboratory and field experiments, three strains of O. oeni were most active to Drosophila suzukii. In Chapter 3, we performed volatile extraction of the mixtures, with different O. oeni strains added to Droskidrink® to assess how the volatile compounds emitted by bacteria affected the chemical composition of Droskidrink®. We tested the influence of lactic acid bacteria (two strains of O oeni previously selected as the most attractive strains in the field trials) and subsequent malolactic fermentation in wine-vinegar-sugarcane mixtures, over a period of three weeks. For volatile extraction, two different extraction methodologies were used, namely Direct Headspace Collection and the Closed-Loop-Stripping-Analysis (CLSA) method. Fermentation was set up in such a way that volatiles were extracted one, two and three weeks after the beginning of malolactic fermentation. For chemical identification of highly volatile compounds, we used direct head-space analysis connected to a Gas-Chromatograph with a Mass Selective Detector. Volatile extracts in the solvent were analysed in a standard GC-MS system on two different types of column to increase the number of identified compounds. Moreover, synthetic chemical standards were used for co-injection and chemical confirmation. Next, we studied the electroantennographical response of the collected volatiles, dissolved in a solvent, on female SWD flies. The behavioural multi-choice experiment was performed under laboratory conditions and to support our hypothesis was also tested in open field studies with the use of an innovative trapping system. The results revealed that malolactic fermentation with specific LAB strains tuned VOC composition in a way that made our tested mixture more attractive to D. suzukii. Our results revealed the chemical composition of various volatiles emitted by Droskidrink® after bacterial fermentation. These volatiles included some newly electrophysiologically-active compounds for SWD, such as eugenol and triacetin. Additionally, the results showed a wide range of diverse volatile organic compounds that strongly mediated the behaviour of SWD. Interestingly, the field innovative trap designed using just 15 mL of a mixture of wine–vinegar-sugar cane with an attractive beta strain of O. oeni increased trap catch two-fold when tested compared to a different commercially available attractant, namely Scentry® (proprietary blend, Scentry Biologicals Inc., Billings, MT, USA). The results further confirmed the commonly accepted theory of the importance of ubiquitous plant volatiles in attracting insects. Despite an increased understanding of the role of volatile emission as insect semiochemicals, and their use to manipulate SWD behaviour, at present semiochemically-based techniques in the open field are not well-established for this invasive species. Furthermore, non-selectivity and spillover in the catching of D. suzukii decreases the effectiveness of the trap systems developed. Therefore, in Chapter 4, we aimed to identify specific compounds that may repel other drosophila species and help in building more selective trapping systems. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS, a combination of gas chromatography-electroantennography GC-EAD, and multi-choice cage bioassays with synthetic volatile compounds, we tried to find a repellent compound for untargeted Drosophilae caught using the current trap system. We conducted our research on the Drosophila suzukii sister species Drosophila simulans Sturtevant. Next, the most promising mixture of putatively repellent compounds was selected. The results revealed several compound mixtures were significantly not attractive because of repellent compound presence. Overall, these results indicate that compounds: benzaldehyde, eugenol, ethanol, ethyl isovalerate, phenylethyl acetate, isoamyl lactate, 1-octen-3-ol, ethyl caprolete, limonene, p-cymene, valeric acid were significantly repellent. Finally, the use of toxic pesticides to fight invasive species must be reduced. Environmentally unfriendly chemicals severely damage the environment. Insecticides that are harmful and toxic, not just for human health but also for all organisms in the habitat, have been used. Toxic chemicals impede naturally occurring enemies of pest insects, parasitoids and parasites. Integrated pest management (IPM) aims to balance the use of good agricultural practices with strategic planning, early monitoring, biological control and many different agricultural practices with minimal use of chemical compounds that have been proven to be dangerous for bio-diversity. Biological control using natural enemies is an important part of IPM, not just one aspect and strategy, as good monitoring and mass trapping could lead to a decline in the numbers of SWD in agricultural fields. Applying many different strategies at the same time could lead to achievement of the goal. Supplying the agro-environment with biological pest control (BPC) by boosting the natural population of parasitoids and predators is significant. In biological control (BC), naturally present beneficial organisms are supported with commercially reared natural enemies. One of the challenges in biological control is to maintain and attract beneficial insects to orchards (agricultural fields). Understanding the behaviour of natural enemies and their choice of host insects is one of the key steps in improvement of BC. The behaviour of natural enemies is determined by chemical cues released in the environment by host insects, plants, and the food source of the host insect. Chemical cues originating from the host plant have been widely studied. Recently, attention has been focused on chemical cues that are produced as products of the microorganism’s metabolism. These chemical cues are called microbial volatile organic compounds, mVOCs. mVOCs can mediate insect behaviour and lead to the choice of the mating, oviposition and feeding sites. Little is known about how mVOCs influence the behaviour of natural enemies, and their application in IPM. Therefore, in Chapter 5 we aimed to investigate one of main Drosophila suzukii endoparasitoids, Trichopria drosophilae and its behaviour in the context of host searching. In this chapter, we investigated host searching behaviour and utilisation of the same volatile cues in Drosophila and its parasitoid, emitted by one of the primary drosophila protein-rich diet sources, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overall, this PhD study has provided a better understanding of volatile mediated interaction between microorganisms and fermentative effects on a worldwide homemade attractant for Drosophila suzukii, a mixture of wine-vinegar-sugar cane. From fundamental neurophysiological, microbiological and chemical studies, through laboratory insect behavioural studies applied to open field studies, we have obtained important findings. This knowledge, combined with applied studies in the open field, may be exploited to develop a novel tool that detects D. suzukii at the beginning of its movement to agricultural fields from winter shelter areas, and also for mass trapping during the peak infestation period, when farmers have not intervened during the bottleneck period of arrival of SWD in the field. Moreover, the results of our study potentially lead to improved integrated management control of SWD and consequently to more sustainable practices in dealing with invasive insect species. We utilised microbe host-specific semiochemicals for attraction and as a basis for innovative trap design.
Er, Mehmet Kubilay. "Studies on the microbial control of pastureland leatherjackets (Tipula spp. Tipulidae: Diptera)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327215.
Повний текст джерелаZart, Marcelo [UNESP]. "Bioecologia de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em videira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91339.
Повний текст джерелаConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A espécie de mosca-das-frutas Anastrepha fraterculus é uma das principais pragas da fruticultura brasileira, porém, quando associada à cultura da videira, poucas informações estão disponíveis. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito da infestação artificial em diferentes cultivares e estádios fenológicos, a eficiência de atrativos alimentares para o monitoramento da praga e a flutuação populacional de adultos em diferentes cultivares na região da Serra Gaúcha, RS. No laboratório foi estudado o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de A. fraterculus em diferentes cultivares. Não ocorre desenvolvimento de A. fraterculus na cultivar ‘Niagara Rosada’. Na cultivar ‘Itália’ a espécie completa o desenvolvimento, mas a cultivar não é considerada um hospedeiro multiplicador da praga devido a baixa viabilidade larval. No que se refere à caracterização de danos, houve queda significativa de bagas nas cultivares ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Moscato Embrapa’ e ‘Isabel’ quando a infestação ocorreu na fase inicial de desenvolvimento do cacho (fase de grão ervilha). Na cultivar ‘Niagara Rosada’ não houve queda significativa e deformação das bagas e nem viabilidade no desenvolvimento larval. Atrativos alimentares foram testados em vinhedos e a formulação BioAnastrepha, à base de proteína hidrolisada, foi a mais eficaz. A flutuação populacional foi avaliada em áreas das cultivares ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Moscato Embrapa’, ‘Niagara Rosada’, ‘Itália’ (apenas 2005/06) e ‘Isabel’ (apenas safra 2006/07). Utilizou-se armadilhas McPhail contendo o atrativo BioAnastrepha a 5%. As maiores capturas de A. fraterculus foram observadas na cultivar ‘Moscato Embrapa’, com o pico populacional ocorrendo durante a fase de maturação de bagas.
The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is a major pest of Brazilian fruit trees. However, little information is available about it in association to grape. In this work it was evaluated the effect of artificial infestation in different cultivars and phenological stages, the efficacy of different food attractants for pest sampling and adult population fluctuation in different cultivars in southern Brazil. A. fraterculus postembryonic development was evaluated in different cultivars. A. fraterculus did not develop in ‘Niagara Rosada’ although it did in the ’Italia’ cultivar. However, this cultivar was not considered a multiplying host due to low larval viability of the pest. In relation to damage, there was significant berry injury in the cultivars ’Cabernet Sauvignon’, ’Moscato Embrapa’, and ’Isabel ’ when the infestation occurred in the initial stage of fruit development. The ‘Niagara Rosada’ berries did not present significant injury and malformation. The fruit fly larvae did not develop in this cultivar. Several food attractants were tested in vineyards and hydrolyzed protein (BioAnastrepha) was the most attractive. The population fluctuation was evaluated in several areas of ’Cabernet Sauvignon’, ’Moscato Embrapa’, ’Niagara Rosada’, ’Italia’ (only in 2005/06) and ’Isabel ’ (only in 2006/07) cultivars. McPhails traps with BioAnastrepha at 5% were used. Most of the flies were caught in ’Moscato Embrapa’ cultivar during berry ripening stage.
Zart, Marcelo. "Bioecologia de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em videira /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91339.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is a major pest of Brazilian fruit trees. However, little information is available about it in association to grape. In this work it was evaluated the effect of artificial infestation in different cultivars and phenological stages, the efficacy of different food attractants for pest sampling and adult population fluctuation in different cultivars in southern Brazil. A. fraterculus postembryonic development was evaluated in different cultivars. A. fraterculus did not develop in 'Niagara Rosada' although it did in the 'Italia' cultivar. However, this cultivar was not considered a multiplying host due to low larval viability of the pest. In relation to damage, there was significant berry injury in the cultivars 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa', and 'Isabel ' when the infestation occurred in the initial stage of fruit development. The 'Niagara Rosada' berries did not present significant injury and malformation. The fruit fly larvae did not develop in this cultivar. Several food attractants were tested in vineyards and hydrolyzed protein (BioAnastrepha) was the most attractive. The population fluctuation was evaluated in several areas of 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa', 'Niagara Rosada', 'Italia' (only in 2005/06) and 'Isabel ' (only in 2006/07) cultivars. McPhails traps with BioAnastrepha at 5% were used. Most of the flies were caught in 'Moscato Embrapa' cultivar during berry ripening stage.
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Prowse, Gareth Michael. "The insecticidal properties of a garlic oil, with special reference to its use against two dipteran pests." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2358.
Повний текст джерелаVenter, Jan Hendrik. "Pest risk assessment for regulatory control of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Musina area (Limpopo Province) / J.H. Venter." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9233.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Master of Environmental Sciences)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Stratton, Chase. "Repelling Contarinia Nasturtii (diptera: Cecidomyiidae), A Brassica Specialist, Using Non-Host Essential Oils." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1018.
Повний текст джерелаAbreu, Petra Ferronato Gomes de. "Uma abordagem filogeográfica da espécie invasora Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-22082018-183221/.
Повний текст джерелаBiological invasions have reached large parts of the globe, due to human actions across the planet. Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a globally invasive species, always associated with enormous and costly damage to agricultural crops. Native to Southeast Asia, D. suzukii recently (i.e. 2013) invaded and is dispersing through South America. Here, we used a phylogeographic approach based on the COI gene fragment to explore the invasion dynamics of D. suzukii populations in Brazil. We identified five haplotypes and moderate genetic diversity in Brazilian populations, which are undergoing demographic and spatial expansion. The AMOVA indicated a high genetic structure among the populations, which is partially explained by their morphoclimatic origin and invasion history. D. suzukii expanded from southern to southeastern Brazil, aided by human-mediated transport of fruits from region to region. The sharing of haplotypes among Brazilian and other invaded regions of the world suggests a single invasion event of D. suzukii in Brazil, originating from previously invaded areas (e.g., North America and Europe). The rapid geographic dispersal and wide variety of fruits attacked by of D. suzukii require immediate implementation of control strategies (legal and phytosanitary) to manage this pest in Brazil.
Muthuthantri, Weerawickramage Sakuntala Nayanatara. "Population phenology of the tropical fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16671/1/Weerawickramage_Muthuthantri_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMuthuthantri, Weerawickramage Sakuntala Nayanatara. "Population phenology of the tropical fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Queensland, Australia." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16671/.
Повний текст джерелаNoronha, Christine M. (Christine Mary). "Effects of density and host plant type on fecundity and survival of Delia radicum (Bouché), D. Antiqua (Meigen) and D. Platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41017.
Повний текст джерелаAn optimum density for maximum fecundity per female was observed when the four experimental densities were compared. This optimum density was higher on host than on non-host plants. CM females were host specific and did not oviposit on non-host plants. Rates of oviposition and mortality over a 30-day period were calculated for each density. The rate of oviposition was slower at higher densities on host plants for CM, OM and SCM. The rate of mortality increased at the highest density for CM (cabbage), OM (bean) and SCM (cabbage), but remained unaffected for OM on onion and cabbage and for SCM on onion and bean, when densities were compared. For OM, a delay in the rate of oviposition and mortality on cabbage (non-host plant) when compared with onion (host plant), suggests that cabbage was not as readily accepted as an oviposition site. Interspecific competition experiments at six density ratio's of SCM:OM indicated increased fecundity, or an increase in the rate of oviposition for OM, at the lower densities when single and mixed species were compared. For SCM no effects on fecundity were recorded, but the rate of oviposition was slower and rate of mortality faster at the lowest density in the presence of OM. Similar studies with SCM and CM showed no such effects of competition.
Host plant exposure of SCM females during the pre-oviposition period resulted in a delay in initial acceptance of subsequent host plants as oviposition sites. This happened only when females were exposed to a secondary host during the pre-oviposition period. Once oviposition began, host discrimination ceased and a switch in oviposition sites to the preferred host did not alter the rate of oviposition. In CM, the rate of larval development increased at density 6 (optimum density). Above this density a decrease in the rate of development and a significant reduction in pupal weight was observed. Time required for fly emergence was not affected by increasing larval densities.
Webb, Cameron Ewart. "The ecology of pest and vector mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with the saline wetlands of Homebush Bay, New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27835.
Повний текст джерелаGrégoire, Taillefer Amélie. "Colonization of restored peatlands by insects : Diptera assemblages in mined and restored bogs in eastern Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112626.
Повний текст джерелаColl, Collette. "The development of Tipula oleracea L. (Diptera: Tipulidae) as a pest of winter cereals : the role of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312616.
Повний текст джерелаMadire, Lulama Gracious. "Suitability of the leaf-mining fly, Pseudonapomyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae), for biological control of Tecoma stans L. (Bignoniaceae) in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/255.
Повний текст джерелаWeldon, Christopher William. "Dispersal and mating behaviour of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae): Implicationsfor population establishment and control." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/700.
Повний текст джерелаWeldon, Christopher William. "Dispersal and mating behaviour of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae): Implicationsfor population establishment and control." University of Sydney. Biological Sciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/700.
Повний текст джерелаSouza, Rávila Graziany Machado de. "Efeito do consumo da amêndoa de baru associado à prescrição normocalórica sobre a composição corporal, perfil lipídico e atividade de enzimas antioxidates em mulheres com excesso de peso." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3631.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The nut consumption is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. Almond baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) Awakens scientific interest for its nutritional composition. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of consumption of almond baru associated normocaloric prescription on body composition, lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes activity in overweight women. The study included 46 overweight women who were prescribed normocaloric diet and were randomized into a placebo group (PG, n = 22, 800 mg maltodextrin) and intervention group (IG, n = 24, 20 g almonds baru ). Adiposity, blood pressure, serum lipids, biochemical parameters and enzyme activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) measurements were determined at baseline and at study completion. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata software for Windows (version 12.0). Comparisons of means and pre-and post-intervention differences between groups were analyzed by Student's t test. The pre-and post-intervention differences within groups were analyzed by t test for paired samples were significant p <0.05. Body mass decreased in GP and GI, however the reduction in adiposity was observed only in GI. The reduction in waist circumference was 1.7 times higher in GI, compared to GP (p = 0.01). The lipid composition, just got GI reduction (p <0.05) in serum total cholesterol (-12.8 mg / dL), LDL cholesterol (-10.47 mg / dL) and triglycerides (-15.00 mg / dL), and increasing concentrations of HDL (+3.63 mg / dl, p <0.01). The activity of GPx and SOD increased in GI (p <0.05), with differences between groups for GPx (+0.08 versus -0.07 U / mg, p <0.001, respectively). Therefore, consumption of 20 g almonds baru associated with prescription normocaloric reduced adiposity, improved lipid profile and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in overweight women.
O consumo de oleaginosas está associado à redução do risco para doenças cardiovasculares. A amêndoa de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) desperta interesse científico por sua composição nutricional. O objetivo desse ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado foi avaliar o efeito do consumo da amêndoa de baru associado à prescrição normocalórica sobre a composição corporal, perfil lipídico e atividade de enzimas antioxidantes em mulheres com excesso de peso. Participaram do estudo 46 mulheres com excesso de peso que receberam prescrição de dieta normocalórica e foram randomizadas em grupo placebo (GP, n= 22; 800 mg de maltodextrina) e em grupo intervenção (GI, n= 24; 20 g de amêndoa de baru). Medidas de adiposidade, pressão arterial, lipídios séricos, parâmetros bioquímicos e atividade enzimática das enzimas catalase, glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) foram determinados no início e ao final do estudo. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o software Stata for Windows (versão 12.0). As comparações das médias e diferenças pré e pós-intervenção entre os grupos foram analisadas pelo teste t de Student. As diferenças pré e pós-intervenção intra-grupos foram analisadas pelo test t para amostras pareadas, considerando como significativo p<0,05. A massa corporal reduziu em GP e GI, no entanto a redução da adiposidade foi observada apenas em GI. A redução da circunferência da cintura foi 1,7 vezes maior em GI, quando comparada ao GP (p=0,01). Quanto ao perfil lipídico, apenas GI obteve redução (p<0,05) nas concentrações séricas de colesterol total (-12,8 mg/dL), LDL (-10,47 mg/dL) e triacilgliceróis (-15,00 mg/dL), e aumento nas concentrações de HDL (+3,63 mg/dL, p<0,01). A atividade das enzimas GPx e SOD aumentaram em GI (p<0,05), com diferença entre os grupos para GPx (+0,08 contra -0,07 U/mg, p<0,001, respectivamente). Portanto, o consumo de 20 g de amêndoa de baru associada à prescrição normocalórica reduziu a adiposidade, melhorou o perfil lipídico e aumentou a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes em mulheres com excesso de peso.
Koller, Lorraine Marie. "Laboratory rearing, toxicity of cyromazine and the effect of temperature and manure moisture on Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Muscidae)." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71345.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Wallage, Helena Rachelle. "The effects of Plagiorchis elegans (Trematoda : Plagiorchiidae) infection on the carbohydrate metabolism of fourth instar Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) larvae." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30763.
Повний текст джерелаTorres, Tatiana Teixeira. "Variabilidade genetica e estrutura de populações de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) : uma nova perspectiva atraves de marcadores microssatelites." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316442.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A importância cultural e econômica da produção animal na América Latina tem suas raízes na era colonial. Este continente possui uma das maiores populações de gado do mundo e países como o Brasil, a Argentina e o Uruguai têm um papel importante no cenário mundial como produtores e exportadores de uma grande variedade de produtos pecuários. Doenças parasitárias afetam profundamente a produtividade animal e a venda de animais vivos ou derivados e, conseqüentemente, representam um grande impacto no desenvolvimento do setor agropecuário nos países sul americanos. A mosca da bicheira, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) é um dos principais agentes causadores de miíases traumáticas na região Neotropical. Larvas da mosca da bicheira alimentam-se de tecidos vivos de animais de sangue quente. Esta espécie foi erradicada da América do Norte e parte da América Central através da técnica do inseto estéril (SIT). Na América do Sul, no entanto, esta peste continua causando um grande prejuízo à pecuária e um projeto internacional está em andamento para se avaliar a execução de um programa de controle da mosca da bicheira neste continente. Neste sentido, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi gerar informações sobre padrões de variabilidade, estrutura genética e fluxo gênico de populações sul americanas de C. hominivorax. Estas são importantes informações para o investimento em programas de controle de insetos-praga. Os microssatélites são uma classe especial de marcadores moleculares tipicamente codominantes e multi-alélicos altamente polimórficos e com uma alta heterozigosidade esperada. Estas características fazem com estes marcadores sejam cada vez mais empregados para investigar questões acerca da variabilidade genética, fluxo gênico e sistemas de acasalamento, até mesmo em espécies com baixos níveis de variabilidade em outros marcadores. A principal limitação dos microssatélites é a necessidade de se desenvolver marcadores microssatélites de novo para cada nova espécie a ser estudada, o que pode ser uma tarefa cara e demorada, mas indispensável na maioria dos casos. Para investigar padrões de variabilidade genética e diferenciação populacional na atual distribuição de C. hominivorax, duas abordagens foram empregadas para isolar marcadores microssatélites a partir de bibliotecas genômicas. Inicialmente, 10 locos foram isolados a partir de uma biblioteca enriquecida em repetições (AC)n. A amplificação destes locos em 30 indivíduos de C. hominivorax, revelou uma média de 6,9 alelos por loco, com heterozigosidades esperadas variando de 0,3831 a 0,8022. Na segunda abordagem, sete novos marcadores polimóficos foram desenvolvidos utilizando uma estratégia diferente, na qual uma sonda (AG)n foi usada em vez de (GT)n na etapa de enriquecimento. A média de alelos encontrados nos sete novos locos foi de 7,8 alelos por loco, com heterozigosidades esperadas variando de 0,4220 to 0,9045. Os "primers" desenvolvidos para C. hominivorax foram utilizados com sucesso na amplificação heteróloga em outras espécies da família Calliphoridae, sugerindo que os locos caracterizados poderão ser úteis em estudos nessas espécies após a avaliação do conteúdo de polimorfismo. Estas duas abordagens também motivaram o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de ferramentas de bioinformática para a análise de seqüências contendo microssatélites, o FiRe ("Find Repeats"). Esta iniciativa representa uma importante contribuição para facilitar o isolamento e caracterização destes marcadores. Doze, dos 17 marcadores desenvolvidos, foram selecionados para caracterizar a variabilidade genética e a estrutura populacional de amostras de C. hominivorax da América do Sul. Em uma análise da estrutura espacial e temporal de populações geográficas do Uruguai, desvios significativos do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg foram observados em todas as subpopulações. Vários pares de locos também apresentaram desequilíbrio de ligação independentemente nas subpopulações. Um baixo, mas significativo, nível de diferenciação foi observado entre as subpopulações, mas não foi detectado isolamento por distância. A análise temporal indicou um aumento na diferenciação populacional global após um ano e foi observada uma diferenciação populacional significativa entre subpopulações da mesma localidade em períodos diferentes. As diferenças observadas entre as populações locais são, provavelmente, um resultado de alterações demográficas em populações da mosca da bicheira. A análise conjunta de 21 populações geográficas da América do Sul (distantes de 15 a 5180 km entre si) revelou uma alta variabilidade genética. Desvios significativos do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e desequilíbrio de ligação entre pares de locos foram freqüentes nas amostras analisadas. Foi observada uma diferenciação populacional baixa, mas significativa, indicando uma homogeneidade entre as amostras analisadas. A correlação entre as distâncias genéticas e geográficas das amostras não foi significativa. As evidências encontradas apontam para uma expansão populacional recente da espécie no continente sul americano, mas as observações também podem ser uma evidência de uma dinâmica populacional envolvendo eventos freqüentes de extinção e recolonização, na qual cada subpopulação de C. hominivorax se comportaria como uma metapopulação. Independentemente de qual seja o cenário que melhor descreva a história evolutiva desta espécie, fica evidente o potencial de dispersão e adaptação desta espécie, o que terá profundas implicações em programas de controle da espécie. Estudos futuros poderão fornecer um quadro mais completo sobre a dinâmica das populações da mosca da bicheira, gerando informações fundamentais para a tomada de decisões no que concerne à erradicação desta importante praga da pecuária
Abstract: The cultural and economic importance of animal production in South America dates back to the colonial era. This continent has one of the largest percentages of the world's total cattle population and countries like Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay play a major role as exporters of a variety of livestock products. Diseases affecting livestock can have a significant impact on animal productivity, on trade of live animais, meat and other animal products, which, consequently, affects the overall process of the economic development of South American countries. The New World screw-worm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is an important parasitic insect pest in Neotropical regions. NWS myiasis is caused by the larval stage of the fly infesting tissues of warm-blooded vertebrates. This species has been successfully eradicated from North and most of Central America by the sterile insect technique. In South America, however, this pest continues to affect the development of the livestock sector and an international effort is underway to evaluate the feasibility of eradicating the NWS from endemic areas of Central and South America. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide some insight into the patterns of genetic variation, structure and gene flow of C. hominivorax populations from South America. Those are valuable information required prior to an investment on large-scale efforts aiming at controlling insect pests. Microsatellites stand out as co-dominant markers with a high number of alleles per locus, high polymorphism and high-expected heterozygosities. Due to those features, these markers have been increasingly used to investigate questions regarding population structure, gene flow and mC!ting system even in populations that have low levels of allozyme and mitochondrial variation. The major drawback of microsatellites is that they must often be isolated de novo for each species. In order to investigate patterns of genetic differentiation of C. hominivorax from its current distribution using microsatellite loci, two efforts were made to isolate these markers from enriched genomic libraries. Initially, a set of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci was isolated from an AC-enriched genomic library. Amplification of the reported loci in 30 screw-worms revealed an average of 6.9 alleles per locus with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.3831 to 0.8022. In the second effort, seven new pOlymorphic microsatellite markers were developed using a different protocol. An (AG)n probe was used instead of (GT)n in the enrichment step. The number of alleles found in the seven new loci ranged from 3 to 13 per locus, with the expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.4220 to 0.9045. Cross-species amplifications of the 17 microsatellite markers were successful in other Calliphoridae species, suggesting that these loci may be useful in those species after evaluating the extent of polymorphism. These efforts have also motivated the development of a web-based, user-friendly toolkit for microsatellite sequence characterization, the FiRe (Find Repeats). This initiative represents an important contribution to other efforts aimed at isolating and characterizing microsatellite markers. Twelve of the 17 isolated loci were used to characterize genetic variability and population structure across NWS South American populations. In the spatio-temporal analysis of C. hominivorax populations from Uruguay, significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed for ali populations. Linkage disequilibrium was also detected for severa I locus pairs. Low, but significant, levels of subdivision were recorded between populations, but no evidence of isolation by distance was observed. The temporal analysis indicated a population differentiation increase over time and ali pairwise comparisons between temporal subpopulations yielded significant estimates of population differentiation. The observed differences between local populations are probably a result of the occurrence of demographic changes that affected NWS populations. Analysis of populations from 21 geographical sites in South America (distances ranging from 15 to 5180 km) revealed a high genetic variability within NWS populations. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium were frequent. A strikingly low, but significant, genetic differentiation was observed, indicating a broad-scale genetic homogeneity in the continent. This low differentiation was coupled with a lack of isolation by distance. These results are consistent with the patterns expected from a species that has undergone range expansion. The pattern of genetic variation among populations could also be an evidence of colonization-extinction dynamics, where subpopulations of this species might usefully be viewed as a metapopulation. Whichever scenario best describes the population structure of NWS, it will have deep implications in contrai strategies. Further studies should complement these findings and provide support for decision makers in the planning and implementation of new area-wide contrai programs of this important livestock pest
Doutorado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
Mararuai, Amanda N. "Market access of Papua New Guinea bananas (Musa spp.) with particular respect to banana fly (Bactrocera musae (Tryon)) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/33229/1/Amanda_Mararuai_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBrandão, Clara Angélica Corrêa. "Moscas-das-frutas (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) e parasitoides (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) obtidos de frutos comercializados no mercado Ver-O-Peso, em Belém, Pará, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/23181.
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Neste trabalho, reportamos a ocorrência de espécies de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em frutos comercializados no mercado Ver-o-Peso (01° 27'S, 48° 30'W), em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Amostras de frutos potencialmente hospedeiros de moscas-das-frutas foram adquiridas quinzenalmente, de setembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Foram coletadas 76 amostras (13.855 frutos – 140,4 kg), pertencentes a 16 espécies vegetais de oito famílias botânicas. Foram obtidos 2.386 pupários de moscas-das-frutas, de 52 amostras (11 espécies de 6 famílias botânicas), de onde emergiram cinco espécies de moscas-das-frutas: Anastrepha antunesi Lima, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) e Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), sendo obtidos 133 exemplares de parasitoides Braconidae: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) e Opius bellus Gahan.
This work reports the occurrence of fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in commercialized fruits in the Ver-o-Peso market (01° 27'S, 48° 30'W), in Belém, Pará, Brazil. Samples of potentially host plants of fruit flies were purchased fortnightly, from September 2016 to February 2017. There were collected 76 samples (13,855 fruits, 140.4 kg) belong in 16 vegetable species from 8 botanical families. There were obtained 2,386 fruit fly puparia in 52 samples (11 species of 6 botanical families), from which emerged 5 fruit fly species: Anastrepha antunesi Lima, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Also, 133 specimens of Braconidae parasitoides were also obtained: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) and Opius bellus Gahan.
Sanches, Sonia de Oliveira Silva. "MOSCAS-DAS-FRUTAS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITOIDEA) EM UM POMAR EXPERIMENTAL NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL: DIVERSIDADE, DINÂMICA POPULACIONAL, RELAÇÕES COM HOSPEDEIROS E FATORES AMBIENTAIS." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA GRANDE DOURADOS, 2008. http://tede.ufgd.edu.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/270.
Повний текст джерелаConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea) in a mixed orchard at the brazilian Mid-Western: diversity, population dynamics, host relationship and environmental factors. The knowledge about species composition of fruit fly in the Mid-Western Region of Brazil is scarce. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the population dynamics of fruit fly species in a mixed orchard with 21 fruit tree species (22º 13 16 S e 54º 48 20 W) in the campus at Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados-MS. The survey was carried out during two consecutive years of sampling (May 2005 to June 2007). A total of 14 McPhail traps, baited with the Bio Anastrepha® food attractant, were hung up in the branches of 14 fruit tree species. Some 11,775 fruit flies adults were caught belonging to eight genera: Anastrepha Schiner (1868), Ceratitis MacLeay (1868), Hexachaeta Loew (1873), Tomoplagia Coquillett (1910) and Blepharoneura Loew (1873) (Tephritidae); Dasiops Rondani (1856), Lonchaea Fallén (1820) and Neosilba McAlpine (1962) (Lonchaeidae). The result shows that the hosts with higherinfestations by fruit flies in the orchard, were: starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.), with the infestation indexes (larvae/kg) of 101.60 and 41.12, respectively. A. obliqua was the predominant species, in both, traps and fruits
Na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil são escassos os trabalhos de pesquisa sobre a composição de espécies de moscas-das-frutas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica populacional das espécies de moscas-das-frutas em um pomar no Centro-Oeste brasileiro (Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados-MS). Em quatorze armadilhas McPhail (iscadas com a atrativo alimentar Bio Anastrepha®) foram capturados 11.775 indivíduos em dois anos de coletas (maio de 2005 a junho de 2007). As espécies identificadas pertencem a oito gêneros: Anastrepha Schiner (1868), Ceratitis MacLeay (1868), Hexachaeta Loew (1873), Tomoplagia Coquillett (1910) e Blepharoneura Loew (1873) (Tephritidae) e Dasiops Rondani (1856), Lonchaea Fallén (1820) e Neosilba McAlpine (1962) (Lonchaeidae). Os resultados obtidos indicam que os hospedeiros mais infestados por moscas-das-frutas no pomar da UFGD, foram: carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) e goiaba (Psidium guajava L.), com índices de infestação (larvas/kg) de 101,60 e 41,12, respectivamente. A. obliqua foi a espécie predominante, tanto nas armadilhas quanto nos frutos
Teixeira, Ighor Luiz Azevedo. "Silenciamento dos genes fruitless e period: efeitos no comportamento locomotor e reprodutivo de Anastrepha sp.1 affinis fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-02042018-113118/.
Повний текст джерелаThe complex of cryptic species Anastrepha fraterculus comprises eight morphotypes three of which occur in Brazil. Anastrepha sp.1 aff. fraterculus correspond to the morphotype Brazil-1 and is a species of wide distribution in the southeast/south plateau of Brazil and in north of Argentina. The reproductive behavior of this species is complex, involving a series of movements performed by males to attract females for mating, and occurs in the early hours of the day. Two genes, period and fruitless, among others, are known to participate in the control of reproductive behavior of various organisms, including some species of fruit flies. The present work aimed to get information about the presumable role of these genes in the reproductive behavior of A. sp.1, using transient silencing of these genes by interfering RNA methodology. Specific primers were first designed to amplify fragments of the genomic DNA of these genes, showing they have a similarity between 97 to 99% with the equivalent genes of other Anastrepha species. After standardization and adaptation of protocols, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the two genes were synthesized, and used in the silencing experiments. Tests to verify that the genes were actually silenced, were made after injection of the dsRNAfru and/or dsRNAper into the abdomens of sexually mature males. These tests showed that the genes were silenced to the maximum, seven to eight days after the injection. Interferences in the behavior of sexually mature males with one or other silenced gene were evaluated by tests related to two parameters of reproductive behavior: changes in the general activities (any type of movement of insects) of males during the circadian cycle (day/night) and more specifically, activity related to reproductive behavior. Injection of dsRNAfru in adult males of A. sp.1 showed that they did not cause significant alterations in general activities, but it was observed that they cause a significant decrease in the number of males that performed reproductive activities, suggesting that silencing of fruitless. alters the normal functioning of male sexual behavior. In contrast, when injecting dsRNAper. in adult males of A. sp.1, no significant alteration was observed neither in their reproductive activities nor in their general activities. Moreover, silencing of the genes seems not to affect the production of spermatozoa. Although controversial, the data are in line with observations in D. melanogaster, in which the null mutant per04 did not present significant alterations in behaviors relatives to the control males in a Day/Night cyclic regime. Thus, additional analyzes will be needed to elucidate the participation of the two genes in the coordination of behaviors in Anastrepha sp.1 aff fraterculus.
Vieira, Stella Maria Januária. "Avaliação dos efeitos da água quente e radiação ultravioleta-C como tratamentos quarentenários para Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Dipter: Tephridae) na qualidade de goiabas 'kumagai' após a colheita." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256888.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: A goiaba é um fruto com boas características organolépticas e nutricionais, além de ter boa aceitação tanto para o consumo "in natura" como industrial. É, porém, bastante perecível após a colheita, daí decorrendo perdas significativas. Além disso, acaba destinada quase totalmente ao mercado interno, em virtude das barreiras fitossanitárias impostas por países importadores diante de problemas como a infestação por moscas-das-frutas. É exatamente no estudo dessa praga que se situa o objeto do presente trabalho, cuja realização obedeceu aos seguintes propósitos: 1) avaliar a eficiência dos métodos de controle de radiação "UVC"e "água quente", bem como a aplicação combinada de ambos, para o fim de promover a desinfestação de ovos de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em goiabas 'Kumagai'; 2) avaliar a qualidade físico-química de goiabas 'Kumagai' submetidas aos tratamentos quarentenários. No que se refere ao método "água quente", o equipamento banho-maria Dubnoff existente em laboratório forneceu uma variação de temperatura de 0,5 ºC, sendo que as médias dos tempos de exposição, verificados em termopares inseridos a 5 mm, para as temperaturas avaliadas de 42,0 a 50,0 ºC (± 0,5) com intervalos de 1,0 ºC, foram menores que as médias dos tempos de exposição daqueles termopares inseridos no centro das goiabas para as mesmas temperaturas avaliadas. Em função desse aumento no tempo de imersão em altas temperaturas, foram observadas a presença de escaldaduras na casca das goiabas tratadas a 46,0; 47,0; 48,0; 49,0 e 50,0 ºC (± 0,5). Por sua vez, no que tange ao método por "UV-C", as lâmpadas utilizadas no equipamento de radiação possuíam comprimentos de onda predominantes de 254 nm (adequados, portanto, para o estudo de radiação UV-C) e a tela de aço (diâmetro da malha hexagonal: 6,0x 7,0 cm) foi o material escolhido para compor a prateleira central, distante 8 cm da fonte luminosa. Aplicados os métodos em questão, o que se observou nos testes "in vitro" foi que ampliação do tempo de imersão no tratamento hidrotérmico e a exposição a intensidades crescentes de radiação UV-C no tratamento por radiação conduziram a um aumento na mortalidade ovos de C. capitata; já quanto aos testes "in vivo", a conclusão, em relação ao método "água quente", foi a de que tratamentos a temperaturas de 46,0; 47,0; 48,0; 49,0 e 50,0 (± 0,5) ºC, com tempos de imersão de 0; 46; 36; 26; 16 e 12 minutos, respectivamente, são eficientes para a mortalidade de ovos de C. capitata (não tendo sido verificadas escaldaduras nas cascas das frutas às temperaturas avaliadas) e, em relação ao método "UV-C", verificou-se que a intensidade de 16,0 kJm-2 foi capaz de inativar 100% de ovos de C. capitata. Nos tratamentos combinados, foi observado efeito aditivo na mortalidade de ovos de C. capitata, sendo mais intensos nas combinações de 0,54 kJm-2 + 45,0 ± 0,5 ºC; 0,80 kJm-2 + 45,0 ± 0,5 ºC; 0,54 kJm-2 + 46,0 ± 0,5 ºC e 0,80 kJm-2 + 46,0 ± 0,5 ºC. Por fim, quanto à qualidade pós-colheita, a das goiabas submetidas aos tratamentos e armazenadas a 8,0 ± 0,2 ºC durante o período de armazenamento de 10 dias mostrou-se superior à das goiabas que tiveram aplicados os mesmos tratamentos e foram armazenadas a 22,0 ± 0,2 ºC
Abstract: Guava is a fruit that has good organoleptic and nutritional haracteristics, besides having a good acceptance as for consumption "in natura" as industrial. It is, however, a lot perishable after the harvest, and because of that there are countless losses to the producers. Besides it, the fruit is practically consumed in the internal market, because of the sanitary obstacles imposed by importing countries before matters as infestation by fruit flies. It is exactly in the study of this plague that is the object of this work whose achievement has obeyed the following steps: 1) evaluating the efficiency of hot water imersion, UV-C radiation methods, and the application in both, with the intention of promoting the not infestation of eggs of Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephrittidae) in "Kumagai" guavas; 2) evaluating the physics-chemistry quality submitted to quarantine treatments. Mentioning to the method hot water, the double boiler Duboff equipment existing in the laboratory gives us a variation of temperature of 0,5 ºC, as for the average of times of expositions verified in pairs at 5 mm, for temperatures of 42,0 the 50,0 ºC (± 0,5) with intervals of 1,0 ºC was lower than the ones of the times in exposition in the center of guavas to the same temperatures. Due to this increase of the time of immersion in high temperatures, it was noticed the presence of burns on the treated guavas peel to 46,0; 47,0; 48,0; 49,0 and 50,0 ºC (± 0,5). By its shift, according to the UV-C method, the light bulbs used in the radiation equipment had 254 nm waves (proper to the study of radiation UV-C) and the steel screen (hexagonal mesh: 6,0 x 7,0 cm) was the chosen material to compose the central shelf, far 8 cm from the illuminated fountain. The used methods, what was noticed in the tests "in vitro" was that the amplification of the time of the immersion (in the hydrothermical) and the exposition to the increasing intensity of radiation UV-C (in the treatment by radiation) led to an increase in the mortality of eggs of C. capitata; according to the tests "in vivo" the conclusion in relation to the method hot water was that treatments to the temperatures 46,0; 47,0; 48,0; 49,0 e 50,0 ºC (± 0,5). With times of immersion of 46; 36; 26; 16 and 12 minutes, respectively, are efficient to the mortality of the eggs of C. capitata (not having being verified burns on the fruits peel to the evaluated temperatures) and, in relation to the method UV-C, it was noticed that the intensity of 16.0 kJm-2 was able to activate 100% of eggs of C. capitata. In the combined treatments, it was observed the adding effect in the mortality of eggs of C. capitata, being more intense in the combinations 0,54 kJm-2 + 45,0 ± 0,5 ºC; 0,80 kJm-2 + 45,0 ± 0,5 ºC; 0,54 kJm-2 + 46,0 ± 0,5 ºC e 0,80 kJm-2 + 46,0 ± 0,5 ºC. Finally according to the quality after the harvest, the guavas that were submitted to the treatment and stored to 8,0 ± 0,2 ºC during a period of 10 days were superior to the guavas that had the same treatments and were stored to 22,0 ± 0,2 ºC
Doutorado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
Arcaya, Evelin. "Bionomía, diversidad y morfología preimaginal de sírfidos depredadores (Diptera: Syrphidae) en el Estado Lara, Venezuela. Importancia en el control biológico de plagas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/26778.
Повний текст джерелаConsejo de Desarrollo Científico, Humanístico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (CDCHT-UCLA), financiamiento al proyecto de Tesis Doctoral 003-DAG-2007.
Rini, Lulama Angela. "Modifying an artificial diet for mass rearing mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), using locally available maize meal." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53500.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is well-known as a destructive pest of fruit worldwide. Various control methods have been used against this insect. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is used as an important and successful technological method for controlling or eradicating this pest in many countries. A key factor to successfully apply SIT is dependent on the availability of efficient and economical rearing methods. Artificial insect diets with low cost bulking agents have been of interest to many researchers. The present study investigated the use of locally available maize meal as a bulking agent in such diets. Maize meal is used for human consumption (in South Africa) and contains small amounts of protein. This makes the reduction of imported torula yeast as an ingredient of the diet and source of protein possible, thereby reducing the cost of the diet. The larval development of the Medfly reared on artificial diets was studied in small and large-scale tests. The effect of the diets on larval production was evaluated using pupal recovery, pupal weight, flight ability, sex ratio, fecundity and egg fertility. The results of the small-scale tests showed that the diet containing maize meal could be used to produce Medfly more economically than the standard Krige diet used by the ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij Research Institute at Stellenbosch. However, in large-scale tests the ingredients quantities of the diets used were not the same as those of small scale-tests. The cost of the modified larval diet was not reduced in large-scale tests. This was ascribed to the number of eggs used in the tests to produce one million of fruit flies. The maize meal with reduced number of eggs require more diet to produce one million flies therefore, making it more expensive and less viable. When similar amounts of eggs were used, the diet appears to be a suitable alternative as the result obtained was almost similar to those of the Krige diet.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Mediterreens vrugtevlieg ("Medfly"), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is wêreldwyd 'n skadelike plaag. Die steriele insek tegniek (SIT) het in baie lande 'n belangrike en suksesvolle manier geword om die plaag te beheer en uit te roei. Die belangrikste voorvereiste vir die suksesvolle toepassing van SIT is die beskikbaarheid van doeltreffende en ekonomiese teelmetodes. Meeste navorsers is geïntereseerd in kunsmatige diëte met 'n goedkoop vulstof. Hierdie studie is ontwerp om die gebruik van plaaslik beskikbare mieliemeel as vulstof te ondersoek. In Suid-Afrika word dit vir menslike gebruik aangewend en bevat klein hoeveelhede proteïene wat 'n vermindering van die ingevoerde torula gis moontlik kan maak, en sodoende die koste van die dieët kan verminder. Die ontwikkeling van Medfly larwes op kunsmatige diëte is bestudeer In kleinskaalse en grootskaalse eksperimente. Die invloed van die diëte op larwale produksie is evalueer deur gebruik te maak van van papie-ontwikkeling, papie-gewig, vliegvermoë, geslagsverhouding, volwasse voortplantingsvermoë en eiervrugbaarheid. Die resultate van die kleinskaalse toetse het aangetoon dat die mieliemeel dieët gebruik kan word om Medfly meer ekonomies as met die standaard Krige dieët, wat in die ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij navorsings instituut by Stellenbosch gebruik word, te teel. By die grootskaalse toetse was die koste nie laer nie. Dit word toegeskryf aan die aantal eiers wat gebruik is om 'n miljoen vlieë te produseer. Die mieliemeel dieët met 'n verminderde aantal eiers benodig meer dieët om 'n miljoen vlieë te produseer, wat dit duurder en minder lewensvatbaar maak. Wanneer soortgelyke hoeveelhede eiers gebruik was, het dit geblyk dat die dieët 'n opsie is, want die resultaat was soortgelyk aan dié van die Krige dieët.
Santos, Wigna Gabriela Nunes. "Dípteros frugívoros e seus parasitoides associados à mangueira em ambiente semiárido." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/95.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Brazil is one of the largest fruit producers in the world, however part of its production is not exported due to phytosanitary barriers imposed by importing countries. The incidence of frugivorous flies in orchards cause depreciation in fruits and serious damage to the producer, an alternative for the control of these pests, are parasitoids. The objective of this study was know to frugivorous flies and their parasitoids, associated with mango fruits in two maturity stages and the fruit of ripe guava. Mango fruits were harvested at physiological maturity stage and mature on the plant, and fruit ripe guava in the states of Rio Grande do Norte (Polo Açu-Mossoró) and Ceará. After harvest, the fruits were taken to the of laboratory of applied entomology of UFERSA, where they were weighed and placed in plastic containers containing vermiculite and closed with voile fabric. After 10 to 15 days vermiculite was sieved and pupae obtained counted and placed in Petri dishes until the emergence of adults. Also were placed traps types of McPhail and Jackson, containing hydrolyzed corn protein 5% and Trimedilure, respectively, in four orchards with products intended to export. Weekly (McPhail) and fortnightly (Jackson), the traps were monitored and insects captured sent to the laboratory. We collected 400 mango fruits and 1.331 guava fruits. The mango fruits in physiological maturity stage were not infested by any insect, since the ripe fruit on the plant were infested by C. capitata (34.4%) and Z. indianus (65.6%), the guava fruits were obtained only pupae of Z. indianus. Besides the flies were found collected figitídeos parasitoids of Z. indianus. Only, C. capitata was captured in traps and contacted that non infestation of the fruits in physiological maturity stage, for this tefritídeo is not associated with its population density in the orchard, but the inherent fruit factors
O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de frutas do mundo, no entanto a incidência de dípteros frugívoros nos pomares causa sérios prejuízos a produção, devido ao fato de suas larvas alimentarem-se dos frutos tornando-os impróprios para o consumo in natura, além de algumas espécies, como as moscas-das-frutas, limitarem a exportação da produção. O controle desses dípteros é realizado basicamente utilizando produtos químicos, porém devido as exigências do mercado consumidor, métodos alternativos de controle estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados, como por exemplo, os parasitoides. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: a) Conhecer os dípteros frugívoros associados a frutos de manga e qual estádio de maturação (maturação fisiológica ou maduro na planta) é mais suscetível a infestação pelos dípteros frugívoros, em pomares comerciais localizados no Polo Açu-Mossoró (RN) e b) relatar a ocorrência de figitídeos parasitoides de drosofilídeos em frutos maduros de manga e goiaba, nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte e Ceará, respectivamente. Os frutos coletados eram encaminhados ao laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada da UFERSA, onde eram pesados, acondicionados em recipientes plásticos contendo vermiculita e fechados com tecido voile. Decorridos 10 a 15 dias a vermiculita era peneirada e os pupários obtidos contados e colocados em placas de Petri até a emergência dos adultos. Os frutos de manga no estádio de maturação fisiológica não estavam infestados por diptero, já os frutos de manga maduros estavam infestados por C. capitata (34,4%) e Z. indianus (65,6%). Verificou-se também que a não infestação de C. capitata nos frutos de manga no estádio de maturação fisiológica está relacionado com as características dos frutos e não a densidade populacional da praga no campo. Associados aos frutos maduros de manga e goiaba foram encontrados exemplares de Dicerataspis grenadensis e Leptopilina boulardi, respectivamente, e este é o primeiro relato de D. grenadensis no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e de L. boulardi no Ceará
Dall'Aglio-Holvercem, Christiane Gonçalves. "Estudos populacionais e taxonomicos de formigas lava-pes, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e da fenologia de seus parasitoides do genero Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316308.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Este trabalho discute alguns aspectos da ecologia da formiga lava-pés Solenopsis invicta e seus parasitóides, as moscas do gênero Pseudacteon (familia Phoridae), e da taxonomia de S. invicta e S. saevissima, ambas nativas da América do Sul. A alometria de colônias de S. invicta no sudeste do Brasil foi estudada através de medições das dimensões do ninho acima do solo, seguidas por escavação e medida da profundidade, biomassa e número de operárias da colônia, assim como da largura média da cabeça das operárias. Análise de regressão dos dados para 28 colônias forneceu novas relações alométricas que podem ser usadas para estimar o volume do ninho (acima e abaixo da superfície do solo), a biomassa de formigas, e o número de operárias a partir do volume do ninho acima do solo. A biomassa de formigas por unidade de volume do ninho, o número de operarias por unidade de volume do ninho, o peso médio por operária, e a largura média da cabeça das operárias foram essencialmente independentes do tamanho da colônia. Em contraste, estas quatro quantidades aumentam com o tamanho da colônia entre colônias de S. invicta na América do Norte. O ciclo sazonal e abundância de moscas parasitóides do gênero Pseudacteon na vizinhança de colônias de S. invicta no sudeste do Brasil foi observado ao longo de um período de 3 anos em li áreas de gramíneas nos arredores de Campinas. O número médio N de forídeos atraídos para um ninho de formigas lava-pés ao longo de um período padrão de observação (15 min) foi usado como uma medida da abundância de forídeos. As dimensões do ninho e algumas variáveis meteorológicas foram também registradas em cada ninho de formigas lava-pés. Pseudacteon tricuspis foi a espécie mais comum (70.4%), seguido por P. curvatus (23.8%), P. obtusus (1.9%) e P.litoralis (3.9%). As características mais notáveis das flutuações sazonais da abundância de Pseudacteon são picos abruptos com duração aproximada de um mês (valores máximos de N entre 4 e 10 forídeos/ninho), que ocorreram em abril e junho de alguns anos; para comparação, valores típicos de N estavam entre 0.2 e 2 forídeos/ninho. As populações de forídeos parecem ser destruídas por incêndios e inundações, mas recuperam-se em uma escala de tempo da ordem de meses. Nenhuma correlação significativa foi encontrada entre a abundância de Pseudacteon e variáveis meteoro lógicas, densidade, ou volume de ninhos de S. invicta, sugerindo que a abundância de Pseudacteon não está diretamente ligada a abundância de S. invicta. Flutuações quase idênticas em abundância de Pseudacteon foram observadas ao longo de um período de 6 meses em duas áreas de estudo separadas por cerca de 3 km, o que pode ser causado por dispersão de forídeos e conseqüente uniformização de densidades sobre áreas de vários quilômetros quadrados. Os números de forídeos atraídos pelos vários ninhos de S. invicta incluídos neste estudo seguiram uma distribuição de Poisson em baixas abundâncias de Pseudacteon (N < 0,5 forídeos/ninho); a distribuição tornava-se mais e mais contagiosa com o aumento da abundância de Pseudacteon (até o máximo observado, de N = 10 forídeoslninho). Esta observação sugere que a atratividade de um ninho de formigas lava-pés aos parasitóides aumenta com o número de forídeos que foram previamente atraídos para o ninho. Critérios quantitativos eficientes foram desenvolvidos para distinguir entre S. invicta e S. saevissima, que são morfológicamente muito similares e cujas distribuições geográficas na América do Sul se sobrepõe significativamente. Estes critérios resultaram da análise de 68 amostras de formigas lava-pés de 9 localidades espalhadas pelo estado de São Paulo (sudeste do Brasil) através de cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massa. 22 hidrocarbonetos cuticulares e 18 alcalóides piperidínicos foram identificados nas amostras estudadas, e suas abundâncias relativas foram analisadas utilizando análises de componentes principais e de funções discriminantes. Estas análises mostraram uma separacão nítida entre as duas espécies em um plano com certas coordenadas (P,Q), que são funções das abundâncias relativas dos hidrocarbonetos cuticulares. As amostras provenientes de uma das localidades (São José do Rio Preto) têm uma composição de hidrocarbonetos que é claramente diferente de todas as outras amostras consideradas neste estudo, mas também apresentam algumas caracteristicas em comum com cada uma das duas espécies. Uma possibilidade é que esta população constitua um hibrido de S. invicta e S. saevissima. As duas espécies também exibem uma separação razoavelmente nítida em um plano com coordenadas (R$), que são funções das abundâncias relativas de alcalóides piperidínicos. Os resultados das identificações de espécies baseados nestes critérios de separação quimica concordam com os resultados baseados em um critério morfológico, a presença ou ausência do dente clipeal mediano. A população "anômala" de São José do Rio Preto é morfologicamente classificada como S. invicta
Abstract: This work discusses some aspects of the ecology of the fire ant species Solenopsis invicta and its phorid parasitoid flies ofthe genus Pseudacteon, and ofthe taxonomy of S. invicta and S. saevissima, both of which are native to South America. The allometry of S. invicta colonies in southeast Brazil was studied by measurement of mound (aboveground) dimensions, followed by excavation and measurement of the colony depth, biomass, number of workers, and mean worker head width. Regression anaIysis of data for 28 colonies yielded new allometric relationships which can be used to estimate nest volume (above and below ground), ant biomass, and number ofworkers ITom mound (aboveground) volume. Ant biomass per unit nest volume, number of workers per unit nest volume, mean worker weight, and mean worker head width were nearly independent of colony size. In contrast, these four quantities increase with colony size among S. invicta colonies in North America. The seasonal cycle of abundance of Pseudacteon phorid flies in the vicinity of S. invicta colonies in southeast Brazil was observed over a 3-year period in 11 grass-covered areas in the outskirts of Campinas. The average number N of phorids attracted to a fire ant nest over a standard observation period (15 min) was used as a measure of phorid abundance. Mound dimensions and meteorological variables were also recorded at each fIre ant nest. Pseudacteon tricuspis was the most common species (84.2%), followed by P. curvatus (12.6%), P. obtusus (2.7%) e P. litoralis (0.5%). The most remarkabIe featores of the seasonal fluctuations of Pseudacteon abundance are sharp month-Iong peaks (peak N values between 4 and 10 phorids/nest) which occurred in Abril and June of some years; for comparison, at other times N was typically between 0.2 and 2 phorids/nest. Phorid populations seem to be destroyed by rifes and floods, but recover on a time scale of months. No significant correlation was found between Pseudacteon abundance and meteorological variables, density, or volume of S. invicta nests, suggesting that Pseudacteon abundance is not determined by, and does not determine, the abundance of S. invicta. Almost identical fluctuations in Pseudacteon abundance were observed over a 6-month period in two study areas separated by about 3 km, which may be due to phorid dispersaI and consequent density uniformization over areas of several square kilorneters. The nurnbers of phorids attracted by the various S. invicta nests inc1uded in this study followed a Poisson distribution at 10w Pseudacteon abundances (N < 0.5 phorids/nest), becoming more and more contagious at high Pseudacteon abundances (up to N= 10 phorids/nest). This observation suggests that the attractiveness oftire ant nests to phorid parasitoids increase with the nurnbeer ofphorids which have been previously attracted to the nest. Efficient quantitative criteria were developed for distinguishing between S. invicta and S. saevissima, which are morphologically very similar and whose geographical ranges in South Arnerica significantly overlap. These criteria resulted from the analysis of 68 tire ant samples from 9 localities across São Paulo state (southeast Brazil) via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 22 cuticular hydrocarbons and 18 piperidine alkaloids were identified in the studied samples, and their relative abundances were analyzed using principal component and discrirninant function analyses. These analyses showed a sharp separation between the two species in a plane with certain coordinates (P,Q), which are functions of the relative abundances of cuticular hydrocarbons. The fire ant samples from one of the localities (São José do Rio Preto) had a hydrocarbon composition which was markedly different from ali other samples considered in this study, but had some features in common with each ofthe two species. One possibility is that this population constitutes a hybrid of S. invicta and S. saevissima. The two species also show a reasonably sharp separation in a plane with coordinates (R,S), which are functions of the relative abundances of piperidine alkaloids. The species identification results based on these chernical separation criteria agree with those based on a morphological criterion, the presence or absence of the median clypeal tooth. The "anomalous" population from São José do Rio Preto is rnorphologically c1assified as S. invicta
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutor em Ecologia
Silva, Alexandre Cândido da [UNESP]. "Potencial de nematóides entomopatogênicos para o controle da mosca-do-mediterrâneo Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) e do gorgulho-da¬goiaba Conotrachelus psidii (Marshal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97220.
Повний текст джерелаFundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Agrícola (FUNDAG)
Dentre os insetos pragas mais freqüentes e limitantes à produção de frutas, incluem-se a mosca-do-mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), e o gorgulho-da-goiaba, Conotrachelus psidii (Marshal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). As larvas desses insetos se alimentam da polpa das frutas, sendo que no final dessa fase, os insetos descem para o solo onde se enterram e atravessam a fase de pupa. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a virulência de 7 nematóides dos gêneros Steinernema e Heterorhabditis contra a mosca-do-mediterrâneo, e o potencial de Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David 1992 no controle desse inseto e do gorgulho-da-goiaba. Foram realizados cinco experimentos, sendo um experimento em laboratório, três em casa de vegetação e um em campo. De acordo com os resultados, a mosca-do-mediterrâneo é suscetível aos nematóides quando exposta no estágio de pré-pupa e fase de pupa com 1 dia de desenvolvimento; O nematóide H. indica IBCB n5 mostrou-se como o mais virulento contra C. capitata. No teste de campo procurando avaliar H. indica IBCB n5 contra C. capitata e contra C. psidii, todos os tratamentos diferenciaram significativamente da testemunha. O nematóide apresentou-se bem mais eficiente contra a mosca-do¬mediterrâneo, com mortalidade do inseto de 66% e 93% para as dosagens de 1 e 10 JI/cm², respectivamente, do que contra o gorgulho-da-goiaba, com mortalidade de 33% e 50%, respectivamente, tendo todos esses tratamentos diferidos significativamente da testemunha
The fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, and the guava weevil, Conotrachelus psidii, are among the most frequent and injurious pest of fruit crops. The insects larva feed on the fruit pulp and, at the end of this phase, the insects reach the soil where they spent their pupa phase. This research aimed to evaluate the virulence of 7 strains of entomopathogenic nematodes against the fruit fly in laboratory and green house conditions, and the efficiency of Heterorhabditis indica IBCB n5 against this insect and the guava weevil on field conditions. Five trials were done, being one trial done in laboratory, 3 in green house, and one at field condition. According to the results, the fruit fly is susceptible to the nematodes when exposed at the phases of pre-pupa and one day aged pupa. H. indica IBCB n5 was the most virulent nematode against C. capitata. At the field trial aiming to evaluate the efficiency of H. indica IBCB n5 against C. capitata and C. psidii, all the treatments with the nematode differed significantly from the control. H. indica IBCB n5 showed being much more virulent to the fruit fly, with insect mortality ranging from 66% to 93% at the dosages from 1 to 10 IJ/cm2, respective than to the guava weevil, with mortality ranging from 33 to 50%, respectively
Silva, Alexandre Cândido da 1976. "Potencial de nematóides entomopatogênicos para o controle da mosca-do-mediterrâneo Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) e do gorgulho-da¬goiaba Conotrachelus psidii (Marshal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97220.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken
Banca: Luis Garrigós Leite
Resumo: Dentre os insetos pragas mais freqüentes e limitantes à produção de frutas, incluem-se a mosca-do-mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), e o gorgulho-da-goiaba, Conotrachelus psidii (Marshal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). As larvas desses insetos se alimentam da polpa das frutas, sendo que no final dessa fase, os insetos descem para o solo onde se enterram e atravessam a fase de pupa. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a virulência de 7 nematóides dos gêneros Steinernema e Heterorhabditis contra a mosca-do-mediterrâneo, e o potencial de Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David 1992 no controle desse inseto e do gorgulho-da-goiaba. Foram realizados cinco experimentos, sendo um experimento em laboratório, três em casa de vegetação e um em campo. De acordo com os resultados, a mosca-do-mediterrâneo é suscetível aos nematóides quando exposta no estágio de pré-pupa e fase de pupa com 1 dia de desenvolvimento; O nematóide H. indica IBCB n5 mostrou-se como o mais virulento contra C. capitata. No teste de campo procurando avaliar H. indica IBCB n5 contra C. capitata e contra C. psidii, todos os tratamentos diferenciaram significativamente da testemunha. O nematóide apresentou-se bem mais eficiente contra a mosca-do¬mediterrâneo, com mortalidade do inseto de 66% e 93% para as dosagens de 1 e 10 JI/cm², respectivamente, do que contra o gorgulho-da-goiaba, com mortalidade de 33% e 50%, respectivamente, tendo todos esses tratamentos diferidos significativamente da testemunha
Abstract: The fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, and the guava weevil, Conotrachelus psidii, are among the most frequent and injurious pest of fruit crops. The insects larva feed on the fruit pulp and, at the end of this phase, the insects reach the soil where they spent their pupa phase. This research aimed to evaluate the virulence of 7 strains of entomopathogenic nematodes against the fruit fly in laboratory and green house conditions, and the efficiency of Heterorhabditis indica IBCB n5 against this insect and the guava weevil on field conditions. Five trials were done, being one trial done in laboratory, 3 in green house, and one at field condition. According to the results, the fruit fly is susceptible to the nematodes when exposed at the phases of pre-pupa and one day aged pupa. H. indica IBCB n5 was the most virulent nematode against C. capitata. At the field trial aiming to evaluate the efficiency of H. indica IBCB n5 against C. capitata and C. psidii, all the treatments with the nematode differed significantly from the control. H. indica IBCB n5 showed being much more virulent to the fruit fly, with insect mortality ranging from 66% to 93% at the dosages from 1 to 10 IJ/cm2, respective than to the guava weevil, with mortality ranging from 33 to 50%, respectively
Mestre
Ouedraogo, Sylvain. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des mouches des fruits (Diptera Tephritidae) en fonction des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques dans les vergers de manguiers de l'ouest du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0096.
Повний текст джерелаClassified as a quarantine pest, mango fruit flies (Diptera Tephritidae) are an importantconstraint for mango exportation from Burkina Faso. The main objective of this study was theenhanced understanding of the ecology of mango’s Tephritids. 1156598 Tephritid flies weretraped from December 2007 to December 2009 in 7 mango orchards. During this monitoring,temperature, relative humidity and rainfalls were registered. 19764 mango fruits from 8cultivars were collected and obsreved during mango season in order to assess fruit fliesdamages. Eighteen Tephritids species notably from Bactrocera, Ceratitis and Dacus genuswere identified and B. invadens and C. cosyra are the dominant ones. The population peaks ofmales and females appear in the months of May & June according to the sites. The femalespresent a peak during the flowering period also of the mango trees. Seven species of mangoinfesting fruit flies have been identified and the incidence of this infestation varies between0% (Sabre) and 12.5% (Keitt). Keitt and Brooks are the most infested mango cultivars. 64 %of these damages are caused by B. invadens while 31 % by C. cosyra. The inventory of thewoody plants around these sites as well as the collection and the incubation of their fruitsbetween April 2008 and December 2009 were also carried out. 105 woody trees had beenlisted around the mango orchards. Out of which, the fruits of 13 trees were found infested by7 species of Tephritids, of which, 6 are also found in mangos. It is especially C. cosyra butalso C. silvestrii, C. puntata and B. invadens.This work shows significant correlations between Tephiritids population fluctuations, climaticfactors and mango damages. The woody species around mango tree orchards shelter thesepests even after mango season. These new results allow the adaptation of the mango fruit fliescontrol methods in the particular agro-ecological area of our study zone
Laubertie, Elsa. "The role of resource subsidies in enhancing biological control of aphids by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/984.
Повний текст джерелаGomes, Guilherme. "Processos auto-organizados : efeitos de substâncias químicas que agem no sistema nervoso sobre o desenvolvimento e padrão de dispersão larval pós-alimentar de dípteros (Calliphoridae e Muscidae) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99538.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Aricio Xavier Linhares
Banca: Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
Resumo: A ordem Diptera desperta grande interesse nos estudos científicos devido à importância agrícola, sanitária, veterinária e forense, dependendo da espécie em estudo. A espécie Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) foi introduzida há cerca de 30 anos no Brasil e é de considerável importância médico-sanitária, além de poder ser utilizada em estudos forenses, na estimativa de intervalo pós-morte (IPM) em humanos. A espécie Musca domestica (Linnaeus) tem distribuição cosmopolita e é bastante comum no ambiente urbano e pode também transportar formas infectantes de muitas doenças. Nessas moscas, após o desenvolvimento dos imaturos em substratos discretos e efêmeros, as larvas abandonam o substrato alimentar em busca de um sítio para pupação, processo chamado de dispersão larval pós-alimentar. No entanto, em ambiente natural, tanto a fonte alimentar como o substrato de pupação podem estar contaminados com substâncias químicas, sendo que algumas destas podem ser de interesse forense ou ser aplicadas no controle de pragas. Assim, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho é procurar dar contribuição a um melhor conhecimento dos efeitos do ansiolítico Diazepam [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] sobre o desenvolvimento larval e comportamento de dispersão larval e do inseticida Fipronil [Regent 800 WG®] sobre a dispersão pós-alimentar das larvas de duas espécies de moscas (C. megacephala e M. domestica). Na análise do desenvolvimento larval, pôde-se observar que a presença de Diazepam no substrato alimentar aumenta o tempo de desenvolvimento larval, retardando o ganho de massa por tempo nas duas espécies estudadas, quando se compara ao grupo controle. Já o comportamento de dispersão larval foi alterado na presença de Fipronil ou de Diazepam, em relação ao controle, sendo que a profundidade de enterramento e a distância das pupas do centro de irradiação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Some species of Diptera have a great medical and veterinary importance, acting as vectors of many diseases, addiction of having a considerable agricultural, commercial and ecological importance and other ones having forensic importance. Flies utilize discrete and ephemeral breeding sites for larval nutrition. After the exhaustion of food, larvae begin dispersing in search of sites to pupate or to additional food sources, a process referred as post feeding larval dispersal. However, in natural environments these breeding or feeding sites can be contaminated with chemical substances. Some of these substances can be of forensic interest or be applied in pest control. In the present study, the main objective was to investigate the effect of Diazepam® [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] and Fipronil® [Regent 800 WG®] on immature stages of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). The larvae were reared on artificial diet and rabbit liver on which different dosages of Diazepam were administrated in order to study the effects of this drug on the development and post feeding larval dispersal of the two species. Different dosages of the insecticide Fipronil were disposed in circular arena used as pupation substrate to investigate the effects on post feeding larval dispersal. The results showed that time required for larval development were significantly longer in colonies fed in contact with Diazepam than in the control ones, delaying the increase of mass per unit time in the two studied species. The larval dispersal behavior was modified in the presence of Fipronil and Diazepam, in comparison to arenas without the drugs. It was also observed that the burial depth and distance of the irradiation center were shorter than in the control groups for the two species... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)
Mestre
Dantas, Edson Santos. "Avaliação da influência de algumas características do criadouro e da água na frequência de formas imaturas e no tamanho e peso de adultos do mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) no Rio de Janeiro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2011. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/3819.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2012-03-28T18:50:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 edson_s_dantas_ioc_mt_0012_2011: 2409618 bytes, checksum: 0831436ae598f381db2d8cfd38c362c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Aedes aegypti é uma espécie sinantrópica que utiliza essencialmente criadouros artificiais como locais de desenvolvimento das formas imaturas, localizados dentro e ao redor das casas. Sabe-se que a produtividade dos criadouros, assim como o tamanho dos mosquitos adultos neles gerados dependem de uma série de fatores bióticos e abióticos, como disponibilidade de alimentos, competição larval inter e intraespecífica, temperatura, características físico-químicas da água, entre outras. Mosquitos de diferentes tamanhos podem ter capacidade vetorial diferente: podem se dispersar, sobreviver, alimentar-se e se infectar diferentemente. No presente estudo buscamos avaliar o potencial papel dos nutrientes (encontrados na água e no sedimento do criadouro), assim como de parâmetros físico-químicos na determinação do peso corporal e do tamanho das asas de A. aegypti. Também procuramos avaliar os efeitos da competição interespecífica entre A. aegypti e A. albopictus sobre o peso e tamanho das asas dessas duas espécies de mosquitos quando as mesmas foram encontradas simultaneamente no mesmo criadouro. Para tal, de abril a agosto de 2010, foram examinados 240 criadouros em quatro bairros da área metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro com características sócio-econômicas e ambientais distintas, sendo 50 criadouros positivos e 10 negativos em cada bairro. Avaliamos características físico-químicas da água (nitratos, fosfatos, carbono dissolvido, carbono no sedimento, O2 dissolvido, pH, condutividade, temperatura e volume de água), além da temperatura ambiente, velocidade do vento, exposição ao sol, área do criadouro, presença de predadores e de outros mosquitos co- ocorrendo com A. aegypti. As caixas d‟água e outros recipientes usados para armazenamento de água foram os mais freqüentemente positivos para mosquitos nas localidades onde as condições sócio-econômicas e ambientais são mais precárias (Prainha e Tubiacanga), ao passo que, nas localidades com melhores condições socioeconômicas, os focos mais freqüentes foram vasos de plantas (Curicica), ralos e bromélias (Vila Valqueire). Observou- se um menor tamanho das asas e peso corporal em A. aegypti quando encontrados co- ocorrendo nos mesmos que A. albopictus, apesar de não significativo estatisticamente, sugere que uma espécie interfere no desenvolvimento da outra, produzindo mosquitos menores. O volume de água e a área do criadouro se mostraram como fatores importantes para a colonização por A. aegypti e parecem ser limitantes para o número de formas imaturas. A temperatura ambiente mostrou-se associada ao número de imaturos. O teor per capita de carbono orgânico no sedimento per capita não se mostrou associado ao número de imaturos presentes no criadouro, mas, tal como o oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade e incidência de luz, parece influenciar positivamente o tamanho das asas e o peso dos A. aegypti adultos emergidos.
Aedes aegypti is a synanthropic species that usually breed in artificial larval habitats located indoors and in the close vicinity of houses. It is known that the productivity of larval habitats, as well as the adult mosquito size depend on a number of biotic and abiotic factors, such as food availability, inter and intraspecific larval competition, temperature, physical- chemical water characteristics, among others. Mosquitoes of different sizes may have different vectorial capacity: they can disperse, survive, feed and infect differently. This study aimed to evaluate parameters that assist in determining the water quality of the breeding sites and that can influence the weight and size of mosquitoes produced, as the role of interspecific competition on A. aegypti and A. albopictus as the cause of the variation in the adult mosquito body size. For that, 240 containers were sampled from April to August 2010 in four districts from the great metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro with distinct socio-economical and environmental characteristics, being 50 positive and 10 negative larval habitats in each district. We evaluated some physico-chemical water characters (nitrates, phosphates, dissolved carbon, carbon in the sediment, dissolved O2, pH, conductivity, temperature and volume)air temperature, wind speed, sun exposure, total area of larval habitats, presence of predators and other mosquito species co-occurring with A. aegypti. Water tanks and other containers used for storing water were the breeding sites most frequently found positive for mosquito in low income districts (Prainha and Tubiacanga), whereas vases, drains, and bromeliads were the most commonly found positive in those district with better environmental and urbanization conditions (Curicica and Vila Valqueire). There was a smaller size of the wings and body weight in A. aegypti found co-occurring in the same larval habitat that A. albopictus. Although not statistically significant, our results suggest that one species interferes with the development of another when both species occur together. The water volume and the total larval habitat area showed to be important factors for the colonization of containers by A. aegypti, and appeared limit the number of immature forms. The environment temperature was positive associated with the number of immatures in the container. The amount of per capita carbon in the sediment was not associated with the number of immatures in the container, but such as dissolved oxygen, conductivity and solar incidence, it was positively related to wing length and body weight of emerged A. aegypti adults.
Gomes, Guilherme [UNESP]. "Processos auto-organizados: efeitos de substâncias químicas que agem no sistema nervoso sobre o desenvolvimento e padrão de dispersão larval pós-alimentar de dípteros (Calliphoridae e Muscidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99538.
Повний текст джерелаFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A ordem Diptera desperta grande interesse nos estudos científicos devido à importância agrícola, sanitária, veterinária e forense, dependendo da espécie em estudo. A espécie Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) foi introduzida há cerca de 30 anos no Brasil e é de considerável importância médico-sanitária, além de poder ser utilizada em estudos forenses, na estimativa de intervalo pós-morte (IPM) em humanos. A espécie Musca domestica (Linnaeus) tem distribuição cosmopolita e é bastante comum no ambiente urbano e pode também transportar formas infectantes de muitas doenças. Nessas moscas, após o desenvolvimento dos imaturos em substratos discretos e efêmeros, as larvas abandonam o substrato alimentar em busca de um sítio para pupação, processo chamado de dispersão larval pós-alimentar. No entanto, em ambiente natural, tanto a fonte alimentar como o substrato de pupação podem estar contaminados com substâncias químicas, sendo que algumas destas podem ser de interesse forense ou ser aplicadas no controle de pragas. Assim, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho é procurar dar contribuição a um melhor conhecimento dos efeitos do ansiolítico Diazepam [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] sobre o desenvolvimento larval e comportamento de dispersão larval e do inseticida Fipronil [Regent 800 WG®] sobre a dispersão pós-alimentar das larvas de duas espécies de moscas (C. megacephala e M. domestica). Na análise do desenvolvimento larval, pôde-se observar que a presença de Diazepam no substrato alimentar aumenta o tempo de desenvolvimento larval, retardando o ganho de massa por tempo nas duas espécies estudadas, quando se compara ao grupo controle. Já o comportamento de dispersão larval foi alterado na presença de Fipronil ou de Diazepam, em relação ao controle, sendo que a profundidade de enterramento e a distância das pupas do centro de irradiação...
Some species of Diptera have a great medical and veterinary importance, acting as vectors of many diseases, addiction of having a considerable agricultural, commercial and ecological importance and other ones having forensic importance. Flies utilize discrete and ephemeral breeding sites for larval nutrition. After the exhaustion of food, larvae begin dispersing in search of sites to pupate or to additional food sources, a process referred as post feeding larval dispersal. However, in natural environments these breeding or feeding sites can be contaminated with chemical substances. Some of these substances can be of forensic interest or be applied in pest control. In the present study, the main objective was to investigate the effect of Diazepam® [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] and Fipronil® [Regent 800 WG®] on immature stages of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). The larvae were reared on artificial diet and rabbit liver on which different dosages of Diazepam were administrated in order to study the effects of this drug on the development and post feeding larval dispersal of the two species. Different dosages of the insecticide Fipronil were disposed in circular arena used as pupation substrate to investigate the effects on post feeding larval dispersal. The results showed that time required for larval development were significantly longer in colonies fed in contact with Diazepam than in the control ones, delaying the increase of mass per unit time in the two studied species. The larval dispersal behavior was modified in the presence of Fipronil and Diazepam, in comparison to arenas without the drugs. It was also observed that the burial depth and distance of the irradiation center were shorter than in the control groups for the two species... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)