Дисертації з теми "Digital proximity"

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-160).
People are quite good at establishing a social style and using it in different communications contexts, but they do less well when the communication is mediated by computer networks. It is hard to control what information is revealed and how one's digital persona will be presented or interpreted. In this thesis, we ameliorate this problem by creating a "Virtual Private Milieu", a "VPM", that allows networked devices to act on our behalf and project a "digital aura" to other people and devices around us in a manner analogous to the way humans naturally interact with one another. The dynamic aggregation of the different auras and facets that the devices expose to one another creates social spheres of interaction between sets of active devices, and consequently between people. We focus on the subset of networking that deals with proximate communication, which we dub Face-to-Face Networking (FtFN). Network interaction in this space is often analogous to human face-to-face interaction, and increasingly, our devices are being used in local situations. We describe a VPM framework, key features of which include the incorporation of trust and context parameters into the discovery and communication process, incorporation of multiple contextunique identities, and also the support for multiple degrees of security and privacy. We also present the "Social Dashboard", a readily usable control for one's aura. Finally, we review "Comm.unity", a software package that allows developers and researchers easy implementation and deployment of local and distant social applications, and present two applications developed over this platform.
Nadav Aharony.
S.M.

Recent developments in communications technology have transformed how social movements might mobilize, and how they can organize their activities. This thesis explores some of the geographical consequences of the use of digital media for political activism. It does this by focusing on the transnationalization of protests. The aim is to analyse how movements with different organizational structures and political scopes are affected by their use of digital media. This is done with a specific focus on how digital media use influences or enables transnational modes of organization and activism. The thesis comprises four different case studies where each study examines a social movement with a specific organizational structure. There are, however, also important similarities between the movements. In each study, somewhat different perspectives and methodological approaches are used. Some of the methods used are semi-structured interviews, content analysis of written data (retrieved from Facebook as well as Twitter), and social network analysis. The analysis indicates that digital media do have a role in the transnationalization of protest. This role, however, differs depending on what type of social movement one studies. The organizational structure of social movements, together with their specific forms of digital media use, influences how the transnationalization of protests and movements is articulated and formed. In cases where a social movement has a hierarchical organizational structure, there is less transnationalization, whereas in social movements with a more non-hierarchical organizational structure one sees more transnationalization. The thesis concludes that the transnationalization of protests is affected by social movements’ organizational structure. The more decentralized the social movement, the more vibrant the transnational public. In order to explain how transnational social movements, using digital media, can emerge in cases where geographical distances might make such coalitions unlikely, the thesis introduces the notion of affectual proximity. This concept helps us understand how transnational social movements, connecting actors from all over the world, can emerge through digital media.

Since digital media entered the business domain, many different tools and platforms have transformed the nature of business communications. This transformation has not been easy, since the journey has been accompanied by challenges from the marketers’ side against the adoption of the new platforms into the firm’s communication channels. Business to business marketers have also been engaged in such challenges by maintaining a slow adoption, which has motivated the researchers to study the adoption of different means and tools of digital communication in a business context. Through this research, I contribute by exploring the adoption strategies of digital platforms in the B2B supply chain including B2B firms, retailers and end users. By digital media, I mainly refer to social media and beacon technology. First, I begin this thesis by identifying the adoption and integration strategies of social media and digital marketing into traditional marketing channels in a B2B context. In this part, I identify the B2B firms’ target audience and propose a model facilitating a B2B firm’s practical social media adoption strategies. Second, to explore the benefits of different social media content sharing approaches derived from information accessibility resulted in the prior study of this thesis, I introduce and examine Public and Gated-Content sharing approaches. Thereafter, assisted by Social Power Theory and Resource Dependence Theory, I examine the effect of Public and Gated-Content sharing approaches on the target audience’s willingness to interact with the firm. The findings of this study reveal that Gated-Content approach can help the firms build closer relationship with the target audience and engage them in a co-creation process. Third, by studying proximity marketing through the adoption of beacon technology in the retail context, I explore the current methods of usage, as well as the benefits and challenges of in-store proximity marketing adoption for content sharing purposes. I complete the thesis by presenting the different challenges of such adoption, which consist technical, human behavior, managerial perception, resource and privacy factors. Finally, I identify the need to integrate the physical aspect of place and location back again into the online digital communication channels within a retail context.

QC 20171219

La révolution induite par la transformation numérique des très petites entreprises (TPE) et des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) est sans précédent, impulsée par l'émergence rapide des technologies numériques. Cette mutation dépasse largement la simple modernisation des outils ; elle engendre un changement profond dans la manière dont ces entreprises interagissent avec leur environnement économique et social. Cette thèse soutient que cette transformation constitue un processus stratégique intégrant de manière exhaustive et novatrice les technologies digitales dans tous les aspects d'une organisation. Elle explore en profondeur comment la transformation numérique des TPE/PME traditionnelles peut agir comme un catalyseur du développement économique territorial, en analysant ses enjeux et impacts socio-économiques. En combinant des approches qualitative et quantitative, elle aborde la problématique sous plusieurs angles, incluant les dimensions organisationnelles, managériales et territoriales. Structurée autour de quatre axes d'analyse distincts, cette thèse par articles examine l'aspect stratégique de la transformation numérique et son rôle dans la résilience territoriale, la gestion des externalités générées par cette transformation, l'évolution du rôle du dirigeant, et l'impact de l'utilisation de l'IA générative dans la gestion des données et la prise de décision. Au-delà des résultats individuels des articles, plusieurs conclusions transversales émergent de la recherche, mettant en lumière l'importance croissante du numérique pour les TPE/PME traditionnelles, tout en soulignant la nécessité d'une approche équilibrée entre outils numériques et interactions humaines. En intégrant une évolution numérique de la théorie de la construction stratégique par le chef d’entreprise développée par Henry Mintzberg, cette thèse met en avant des recommandations pour les dirigeants et les institutions. Ces recommandations visent à promouvoir la culture numérique, faciliter la collaboration et offrir un soutien personnalisé pour la mise en œuvre de la transformation numérique au sein des entreprises. Notamment, cette approche, en mettant en évidence une perception différente du numérique et de la transformation numérique dans l'entreprise, favorise le développement d'écosystèmes mis en perspective avec l’attractivité territoriale. Enfin, cette thèse aspire à aider les acteurs économiques et institutionnels à naviguer avec succès dans l'ère numérique, en intégrant les principes de sobriété numérique et de responsabilité environnementale dans leurs stratégies, tout en favorisant l'innovation et la compétitivité
The revolution induced by the digital transformation of very small enterprises (VSEs) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is unprecedented, driven by the rapid emergence of digital technologies. This change goes far beyond mere tool modernization; it brings about a profound shift in how these businesses interact with their economic and social environment. This thesis argues that this transformation constitutes a strategic process that comprehensively and innovatively integrates digital technologies into all aspects of an organization. It delves into how the digital transformation of traditional VSEs/SMEs can act as a catalyst for territorial economic development, analyzing its socio-economic issues and impacts. By combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, it addresses the issue from various angles, including organizational, managerial, and territorial dimensions. Structured around four distinct axes of analysis, this thesis through articles examines the strategic aspect of digital transformation and its role in territorial resilience, the management of externalities generated by this transformation, the evolution of the role of leadership, and the impact of using generative AI in data management and decision-making. Beyond the individual findings of the articles, several cross-cutting conclusions emerge from the research, highlighting the growing importance of digitalization for traditional VSEs/SMEs while underscoring the need for a balanced approach between digital tools and human interactions. By integrating a digital evolution of the theory of strategic construction by the business leader developed by Henry Mintzberg, this thesis puts forward recommendations for leaders and institutions. These recommendations aim to promote digital culture, facilitate collaboration, and provide personalized support for the implementation of digital transformation within businesses. Importantly, this approach, by highlighting a different perception of digitalization and digital transformation within the company, fosters the development of ecosystems in perspective with territorial attractiveness. Finally, this thesis aims to assist economic and institutional actors in successfully navigating the digital era by integrating principles of digital sobriety and environmental responsibility into their strategies, while fostering innovation and competitiveness

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O presente trabalho tem como proposta estudar como ocorrem os vínculos entre leitores e um jornal, o Diário Popular, localizado no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, na cidade de Pelotas e que abrange uma mesma região, a zona Sul do estado, através da página do veículo no Facebook. Investigamos de que forma esses leitores significam os acontecimentos locais, a partir de interação com o jornal. Para isso, levamos em conta os processos de jornalismo em redes digitais e estudamos questões pertinentes à proximidade e territorialidade, além de acontecimento, redes sociais digitais e interação. Utilizamos como principais metodologias a análise de construção de sentidos em redes digitais e entrevista. Pudemos identificar a partir do nosso recorte, que existem diferentes tipos de interação entre leitores e jornal, as quais categorizamos como afetação – argumento, afetação – passionalidade, prestimosidade e sociabilidade e que, o leitor, a partir de características de proximidade territoriais, identifica-se com os acontecimentos locais e regionais.
The present study aims to verify the links between readers and a newspaper. The newspaper studied was Diário Popular, which is located in the country side of Rio Grande do Sul, in the city of Pelotas. The newspaper cover, the southern part of the state, through the Facebook’s page. We investigated how these readers signify local events, from the interaction with the newspaper. For this, we considerated the processes of journalism in digital networks and we study issues related to proximity and territoriality, as well as events, digital social networks and interaction. The methodology used was the analysis of sense construction in digital networks and interview. From our clipping, we identified that there are different types of interaction between readers and newspapers, categorized as affectation - argument, affectation - passion, helpfulness and sociability. Which the readers, based on characteristics of territorial proximity, find themselves in local and regional events.

A measure of the quality of Voronoi tessellations resulting from various mesh generators founded on feature-driven models is introduced in this work. A planar tessellation covers an image with polygons of various shapes and sizes. Tessellations have potential utility due to their geometry and the opportunity to derive useful information from them for object recognition, image processing and classification. Problem domains including images are generally feature-endowed, non-random domains. Generators modeled otherwise may easily guarantee quality of meshes but certainly bear no reference to features of the meshed problem domain. They are therefore unsuitable in point pattern identification, characterization and subsequently the study of meshed regions. We therefore found generators on features of the problem domain. This provides a basis for element quality studies and improvement based on quality criteria. The resulting polygonal meshes tessellating an n-dimensional digital image into convex regions are of varying element qualities. Given several types of mesh generating sets, a measure of overall solution quality is introduced to determine their effectiveness. Given a tessellation of general and mixed shapes, this presents a challenge in quality improvement. The Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (CVT) technique is developed for quality improvement and guarantees of mixed, general-shaped elements and to preserve the validity of the tessellations. Mesh quality indicators and entropies introduced are useful for pattern studies, analysis, recognition and assessing information. Computed features of tessellated spaces are explored for image information content assessment and cell processing to expose detail using information theoretic methods. Tessellated spaces also furnish information on pattern structure and organization through their quality distributions. Mathematical and theoretical results obtained from these spaces help in understanding Voronoi diagrams as well as for their successful applications. Voronoi diagrams expose neighbourhood relations between pattern units. Given this realization, the foundation of near sets is developed for further applications.
February 2017

This thesis is an investigation that the main objective is to study proximity digital media in Catalonia. The theoretical framework establishes the foundations on which stands the sector: proximity communication and digital journalism (or cyberjournalism). The phenomenon of proximity digital media in Catalonia is analysed through the study of a paradigmatic case, which is the Group Nació Digital (GND). It was chosen for this research because it is considered a success model for the expansion of recent years, audience figures reached and a solvent business model. It has been studied the journalism and business model with a special attention to their territorial editions. Mainly it is used qualitative methodology that includes case of study and in-depth and semi-structured interviews to the management team of the Group and the responsibles for proximity digital media. Moreover a quantitative technique, content analysis, is also used to extend the study. The main conclusion is that the key to success has been the model of proximity information, which allowed the expansion and growth of the audience, and the technology, which is in constant innovation and has an own management system.
Aquesta tesi doctoral és una investigació que té com a objectiu estudiar els mitjans digitals de proximitat a Catalunya. En el marc teòric, s’estableixen els fonaments sobre els quals s’erigeix aquest sector: la comunicació de proximitat i el ciberperiodisme. El fenomen dels mitjans digitals de proximitat a Catalunya s’analitza a través de l’estudi d’un cas paradigmàtic, el del Grup Nació Digital (GND). De Nació Digital se n’ha estudiat el model periodístic i el de negoci fent especial atenció a les seves edicions territorials. Principalment s’ha utilitzat la metodologia qualitativa amb les tècniques de l’estudi de cas i les entrevistes en profunditat i semiestructurades a l’equip directiu del Grup, així com als responsables dels mitjans digitals de proximitat. Aquesta metodologia s’ha combinat amb la quantitativa a través de l’anàlisi de contingut. La principal conclusió és que les claus de l’èxit han estat el model d’informació de proximitat, que ha permès l’expansió i creixement de l’audiència, i la tecnologia, amb una innovació constant i un sistema de gestió propi.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Comunicação Social, vertente de Comunicação Estratégica
A evolução da tecnologia lançou novos desafios à comunicação entre as pessoas, o que obrigou as organizações a responderem de igual forma. Os novos canais e espaços onde a comunicação se desenrola, como é o caso dos social media e de outras plataformas digitais, permitem às organizações, através das relações públicas, encetar novas interacções com os seus públicos. As relações entre ambos passam a ser interactivas e participativas e não unidireccionais, como acontece com as mensagens veiculadas nos media tradicionais. As Forças de Segurança, para atingirem os seus objectivos, necessitam de ter uma presença junto da comunidade para a qual recorrem ao policiamento de proximidade. Este, enquanto base de actuação das Forças de Segurança portuguesas, deve adaptar-se à evolução da forma de comunicar, usufruindo das plataformas digitais, que permitem um contacto permanente e eficaz com os seguidores. Partindo deste princípio, pretende-se compreender como podem as ferramentas de comunicação digital contribuir para a promoção de uma política de proximidade nas Forças de Segurança Portuguesas, nomeadamente da PSP e da GNR. Para isso, contou-se com a análise teórica sobre as relações públicas online integradas na estratégia de comunicação das organizações e as mais-valias dos social media para o policiamento de proximidade. Adicionalmente, realizaram-se entrevistas aos responsáveis pelos departamentos de comunicação de cada uma das instituições e foi ainda analisado o conteúdo das suas páginas de Instagram e Facebook, para identificar diferenças e semelhanças entre ambas na linha editorial de conteúdos, assim como as reacções dos seguidores. Desta análise, foi possível concluir sobre o contributo positivo da utilização destas ferramentas na proximidade com os cidadãos, nomeadamente no aumento do número de contactos proactivos com as Forças de Segurança. Estas ferramentas contribuem ainda para aumentar a exposição a conteúdos de prevenção e sensibilização, bem como para diminuir as limitações no contacto dos cidadãos.
The evolution of technology has launched new challenges to communication between people, which has forced organizations to respond in the same way. The new channels and spaces where communication takes place, such as social media and other digital platforms, allow organisations, through public relations, to initiate new interactions with their audiences. The relations between them become interactive and participative and not unidirectional, as happens with the messages conveyed in traditional media. In order to achieve their objectives, the Security Forces need to have a presence in the community for which they resort to proximity policing. This, as a base of action of the Portuguese Security Forces, must adapt to the evolution of the way of communicating, taking advantage of digital platforms, which allow a permanent and effective contact with the followers. Based on this principle, it is entended to understand how digital communication tools can contribute to the promotion of a proximity policy in the Portuguese Security Forces, namely PSP and GNR. To this end, we relied on the theoretical analysis of online public relations integrated into the communication strategy of organisations and the added value of social media for proximity policing. In addition, interviews were conducted with those responsible for the communication departments of each of the institutions and the content of their Instagram and Facebook pages was also analysed to identify differences and similarities between them in the editorial content line, as well as the reactions of the followers. From this analysis, it was possible to conclude on the positive contribution of the use of these tools in proximity with the citizens, namely in the increase of the number of proactive contacts with the Security Forces. These tools also contribute to increasing exposure to prevention and awareness-raising content, as well as to reducing the limitations on citizen contact.
N/A

Clinical trials are experiments or observations on a patient’s responses of different medical treatments to cure diseases. Such trials are heavily regulated and must achieve a certain quality standard of the trial and clinical adherence is a determining factor on the success of a study. However, it has historically been difficult to systematically follow and understand patient adherence to medical ordinations, predominately due to lack of proper tools. One new type of tools is a digital pillbox that can be used to supply pills to participants in clinical trials. This paper examines implementing two supervised machine learning models to detect if an object (a pill) is found in an encapsulated compartment (pillbox) based on electromagnetic radiation data from a proximity sensor. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) were evaluated on a data set of N=1,485 observations, consisting of five classes: four different pills and ‘no pill’. RF performs best with accuracy of 98.0% and weighted average precision of 98.0%. SVM had 97.3% accuracy and 97.6% weighted average precision. Best performance was achieved at N=1,000 for RF and 1,100 for SVM. The conclusion was that a high accuracy and precision can be achieved using either RF or SVM. The classification model strengthens the value proposition of a digital pillbox and can improve clinical trials to achieve better data quality. However, for the model to contribute actual economical value, digital pillboxes must be a common practice in clinical trials.
Kliniska studier är experiment eller observationer av en patients reaktion på olika typer av medicinsk vård för behandling sjukdomar. Sådana studier är tungt reglerade och behöver uppnå en viss kvalitésstandard och klinisk följsamhet är en avgörande faktor för en studies framgång. Trots det har det historiskt varit svårt att systematiskt mäta och förstå en patients följsamhet av en medicinsk ordination, primärt på grund av brist av användbara verktyg. En ny typ av verktyg är en digital  pillerbox som försörjer piller till deltagare i kliniska studier. Denna studie undersöker implementation av två bevakade maskininlärningsmodeller för detektion om ett objekt (ett piller) befinner sig i ett slutet fack baserad på elektromagnetisk strålning från en närhetssensor. Support Vector Machine (SVM) och Random Forest (RF) utvärderades på ett dataset av N=1 485 observationer utgjort av fem klasser: fyra piller och ’inget piller’. RF presterar bäst med 98,0% i träffsäkerhet och 98,0% i viktad medelprecision. SVM fick 97,3% träffsäkerhet och 97,6% viktad medelprecision. Bäst prestation uppnåddes vid N=1 000 för RF och N=1 100 för SVM. Slutsatsen var att en hög träffsäkerhet och precision kan uppnås genom antingen RF eller SVM. Klassificeringsmodellen förstärker en digital pillerbox värdeerbjudande och kan hjälpa kliniska studier att uppnå högre datakvalité. Däremot, för klassificeringsmodellen ska bidra med faktiskt ekonomiskt värde, behöver digitala pillerboxar vara en vedertagen praxis.

Les contours de la cartographie de l'intimité s'altèrent et se modifient par les espaces de proximité numérique où les données semblent se métamorphoser. Un glissement des frontières entre espace privé et public s'opère. La lisibilité du monde sensible tend à perdre de son sens et de son essence. Cette proximité numérique du réseau et des interfaces terminaux, forme d'extension de la réalité vectorisée par le "désir" de l'individu permettent de créer une identité intime mobile. La montée en puissance des identités virtuelles et les modalités de croisements de proximité numérique avec la vie réelle traduisent et dessinent un quotidien ré-inventé et ré-enchanté. La projection de l'intimité dans l'espace réel réactivée sans cesse par les nouveaux aspects d'objets intelligents et communicants modifie la lecture et le rapport au monde. L'espace devient alors usage et espace de création. La conjugaison de l'art dans un contexte de médiation, d'information et de communication est une forme de langage qui semble capable de traduire l'univers sensible, imaginatif et esthétique de cette époque « intime virtuelle »
The boundaries of the intimate are altered and modified by digital proximity areas where information seems to be transformed. The boundaries between pubic and private areas are shifted. The legibility of the perceptible world tends to loose its sense and its essence. This digital proximity of the network and the terminal interfaces, form of an extension of reality vectorised by the individual’s “desire”, makes it possible to create a mobile intimate identity. The growth of virtual identities and the conditions for digital proximity intersecting with real life express and emphasize a re-invented and re-enchanted daily life. Projection of the intimate into real space endlessly reactivated by the new aspects of intelligent and connecting objects modifies interpretation of and relations with the world. The area then becomes purpose and a framework for creation. The conjunction of art with mediation and information-communication is this form of language that seems capable of interpreting the sensible, imaginative and esthetic universe of this “virtual intimate” period

Doutoramento conjunto MAP-Tele, Engenharia Eletrotécnica Telecomunicaçõe
The increased capabilities (e.g., processing, storage) of portable devices along with the constant need of users to retrieve and send information have introduced a new form of communication. Users can seamlessly exchange data by means of opportunistic contacts among them and this is what characterizes the opportunistic networks (OppNets). OppNets allow users to communicate even when an end-to-end path may not exist between them. Since 2007, there has been a trend to improve the exchange of data by considering social similarity metrics. Social relationships, shared interests, and popularity are examples of such metrics that have been employed successfully: as users interact based on relationships and interests, this information can be used to decide on the best next forwarders of information. This Thesis work combines the features of today's devices found in the regular urban environment with the current social-awareness trend in the context of opportunistic routing. To achieve this goal, this work was divided into di erent tasks that map to a set of speci c objectives, leading to the following contributions: i) an up-to-date opportunistic routing taxonomy; ii) a universal evaluation framework that aids in devising and testing new routing proposals; iii) three social-aware utility functions that consider the dynamic user behavior and can be easily incorporated to other routing proposals; iv) two opportunistic routing proposals based on the users' daily routines and on the content traversing the network and interest of users in such content; and v) a structure analysis of the social-based network formed based on the approaches devised in this work.
A maior capacidade (e.g., processamento, armazenamento) dos dispositivos portáteis, juntamente com a necessidade constante dos utilizadores de poder obter e enviar informação, introduz uma nova forma de comunicação. Os utilizadores podem trocar dados de uma forma transparente através de contatos oportunistas entre eles, o que caracteriza as Redes Oportunistas. Este tipo de rede permite a comunicação entre utilizadores mesmo quando não existe um caminho m-a- m entre eles. Uma tendência observada nos últimos anos do encaminhamento oportunista refere-se a levar em conta métricas de similaridade social para melhorar a troca de informação. Os relacionamentos sociais, interesses em comum e popularidade são exemplos deste tipo de métrica que tem sido empregue com sucesso no âmbito do encaminhamento oportunista: como os utilizadores interagem com base nos seus relacionamentos e interesses, esta informação pode ser utilizada para decidir sobre quando encaminhar dados. Esta Tese combina as características dos dispositivos pessoais e que são facilmente encontrados no ambiente urbano com a tendência para uso de similaridade social no contexto de encaminhamento oportunista. Para alcancar este objetivo principal, este trabalho foi dividido em diferentes tarefas mapeadas em objetivos especí cos, o que resulta nas seguintes contribuições: i) uma taxonomia atualizada sobre encaminhamento oportunista; ii) um modelo de avaliação universal de encaminhamento oportunista que permite a implementação e teste de novas propostas; iii) três funções sociais que consideram o comportamento dinâmico dos utilizadores e podem ser facilmente utilizadas em outras propostas de encaminhamento; iv) duas propostas de encaminhamento oportunista baseadas nas rotinas diárias dos utilizadores e no conteúdo e interesse dos utilizadores neste conteúdo; e v) uma análise estrutural da rede social formada a partir das abordagens desenvolvidas neste trabalho.

This diploma thesis deals with design, realization and analysis of security and surveillance systems for buildings and spaces containing advanced components. One of the main design's parts is dedicated to intruder alarm system, access system, attendance and CCTV systems with the possibility of automatic motion tracking. Controlling and monitoring of particular subsystems is possible both locally and remotely from a computer via a web interface or by means of a software. The access to camera system from a mobile phone is also possible. IAS/ACS systems also enable controlling and transferring information about their state via SMS. The designed system was realized completely and its operating was demonstrated. The realization is described in detail including illustration of configuration of particular components. A security analysis and a possible future development of the project is summarized in the conclusion.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka behandlares upplevelse av terapeutisk allians vid sessionvia digitalt format. En kvalitativ metod har tillämpats och datainsamlingen har gjorts via semistrukturerade intervjuer. I studien deltog sju respondenter varav fem var kvinnor och två var män. Studiens insamlade material har analyserats utifrån Braun och Clarkes (2006) Tematiska analys. Den Tematiska analysen genererade tre teman: Första temat: Osäkerheten i vad som sker, och vad man inte ser eller hör, vilket beskriver respondenternas upplevelse av hinder i kommunikationen via det digitala mötet. Andra temat: Begränsat handlingsutrymme,beskriver respondenternas känsla av att det digitala formatet minskar deras verktygslåda som behandlare. Det tredje temat: Avsaknad av fysisk närhet, beskriver hur respondenterna saknar den fysiska närheten i det digitala formatet men upplever det digitala formatet vara ett gott komplement till det fysiska rummet, dock ingen fullgod ersättning.
The purpose of the study was to investigate therapists' experience of therapeutic alliance in therapy through digital format. A qualitative method has been applied and data collection has been done through semi-structured interviews. The study involved seven participants, five of whom were women and two were men. The study's collected material has been analyzed based on Braun and Clarke's (2006) Thematic analysis. The Thematic Analysis generated three themes: The first theme: The uncertainty in what happens, and what one does not see or hear, which describes the participants' experience of obstacles in communication through the digital meeting. Second theme: Limited room for maneuver, describes the participants' feeling that the digital format reduces their toolbox as a therapist. The last theme: Lack of physical proximity, describes how the participants lack the physical proximity in the digital format but experience the digital format as a good complement to the physical space, however, no adequate replacement.

Les usages des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) croissent et sediversifient dans tous les pans de la société. Dans les organisations, ce phénomène, qualifié detransformation numérique, se matérialise notamment par une remise en question permanente deleurs processus et nécessite une adaptation continuelle des compétences des acteursorganisationnels. Le secteur bancaire se caractérise par l’urgence, l’instantanéité et lamultiplication des sollicitations favorisées par les TIC, correspondant à des caractéristiques del’hypermodernité. Cette recherche contribue à l’exploration, sur le terrain, d’un phénomène peuétudié : les compétences des managers de proximité, fonction organisationnelle charnière enrapport direct avec des collaborateurs, le top management et des clients. Le développement decompétences de ces acteurs est particulièrement marqué par les usages des TIC, et plusglobalement, par le contexte hypermoderne. Afin d’explorer cette problématique, nousmobilisons des théories relatives aux compétences classiques et liées aux usages des TIC ainsique la dualité structurelle de la théorie de la structuration (Giddens, 1987) permettant l’étuded’interrelations complexes entre des structures, des acteurs et leurs pratiques.Une démarche exploratoire déployant une méthodologie qualitative, concrétisée par unerecherche-action abductive, a été réalisée à travers l’étude du cas de la Banque Populaire duSud, banque régionale mutualiste. Une approche multi-acteurs dans le cadre de cette étudeimmersive a permis la triangulation de 165 entretiens ouverts, 32 heures d’observations et 20entretiens semi-directifs avec des managers de proximité.De cette méthodologie résulte l’émergence de 6 différentes typologies de compétences que lesmanagers de proximité mettent en oeuvre, à travers 49 compétences. La discussion a mis enlumière non seulement l’importance des TIC au sein d’un environnement en évolutionperpétuelle mais aussi la cohabitation de caractéristiques hypermodernes avec d’autres, prônantau contraire le ralentissement, rattachables au slow management. Les compétences déceléesainsi que des situations jugées critiques par les managers de proximité rencontrés ont abouti àl’élaboration de 31 préconisations managériales applicables
The uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are growing and diversifyingin all parts of the society. In organizations, this phenomenon, known as digital transformation,materializes in particular by a permanent questioning of their processes and requires a continualadaptation of the skills of organizational actors. The banking sector is characterized by urgency,immediacy and the multiplication of solicitations favored by ICT, corresponding to thecharacteristics of hypermodernity. This research contributes to the exploration, in the field, ofa little studied phenomenon: the skills of local managers, a pivotal organizational function indirect contact with employees, top management and customers. The skills development of theseactors is particularly marked by the uses of ICTs, and more generally, by the hypermoderncontext. In order to explore this problematic, we mobilize theories relating to classical skillsand related to the uses of ICT as well as the structural duality of the structuration theory(Giddens, 1987) allowing the study of complex interrelationships between structures, actorsand their practices.An exploratory approach deploying a qualitative methodology, concretized by abductive actionresearch, was carried out through the study of the case of Banque Populaire du Sud, regionalmutual bank. A multi-stakeholder approach in the context of this immersive study enabled thetriangulation of 165 open interviews, 32 hours of observations and 20 semi-structuredinterviews with local managers.This methodology results in the emergence of 6 different typologies of skills that local managersimplement, through 49 skills. The discussion highlighted not only the importance of ICT in aconstantly changing environment but also the coexistence of hypermodern characteristics withothers, advocating on the contrary the slowdown, related to slow management. The skillsdetected as well as situations deemed critical by the proximity managers met led to thedevelopment of 31 applicable managerial recommendations

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
104
The aim of the research is to develop a device to detect pulse rate while using the mouse. The main hardware consists of four proximity sensors, filters, amplifiers and a microcontroller. By mixing the signals from channels for the weighted algorithm, we select better quality signals with higher weights to sum up. Then use pulse rate algorithm to find the peaks and turning them into pulse rate, and finally transmits the calculating results to the computer for the users. The outcome shows the sensitivity of summed signal in the rest environment is 100%, and the error detection rate is 0%. During the slow movement experiment, which the motion artifact is added to the summed signal, a high sensitivity of 91.88% and low error detection rate of 0.75% results are maintained. There is distinct influence on the rapid movement experiment, but the sensitivity is still more than 86.67%, and the error detection rate is less than 1.89%. In the experiment of browsing through electronic theses and dissertations, the sensitivity and the error detection rate is 92.56% and 0.35%, respectively. Except the rapid movement experiment, others all indicate that this research has high sensitivity and low error detection rate. The sensitivity of the summed signal from each subject may not be the highest. Nevertheless, comparing to other channels, the sensitivity and the error detection rate of summed signal in this research are in the first or the second place, which proves that the multi-sensor and the weighted summed algorithm in this research could effectively increase the signal usability.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Informação e Jornalismo)
A experiência vivida num grupo de comunicação local, sediado numa vila predominantemente rural, entre 3 de janeiro e 31 de março de 2016, serve de base a este Relatório de Estágio, em que se pretende sobretudo refletir sobre a atuação dos média locais no presente, tendo em conta as oportunidades e os constrangimentos que enfrentam. Na Era Digital, um tempo dominado pela Internet e pela tecnologia, os jornais locais apostam em ter presença online – embora nem sempre com a devida exploração das potencialidades – e procuram adaptar-se a um contexto em que a rapidez na publicação e a abundância de conteúdos parecem perfilar-se como os barómetros principais para se ser bem-sucedido. Hoje como ontem, a proximidade continua a ser uma condição de base do jornalismo, ainda mais vincada na realidade dos média locais, mais pequenos, mais circunscritos a determinado território e, por inerência, mais próximos das pessoas. Esse fator quase intrínseco à prática do jornalismo local encerra, no entanto, alguns desafios para os jornalistas, nomeadamente pelo facto de a exposição ser maior e de a proximidade poder rapidamente transformar-se em promiscuidade, que conduzirá inevitavelmente a uma postura parcial, de favorecimento e favor, em que também a intocabilidade das administrações é posta à prova pela importância dos financiamentos que continuam a permitir a manutenção dos órgãos de comunicação.
The experience lived at a local communication group, located in a predominantly rural village, between January 3rd and March 31st, 2016, is the basis for this training report, bearing in mind all the opportunities and constraints they face. In the Digital Era, a time dominated by the Internet and technology, local newspapers choose to have an online presence – although they not always fully explore the potentialities – and seek to adapt to a context where the fast publishing and the abundance of content seem to be the main rules to become successful. Today as in the past, proximity continues to be a basic condition of journalism and it is even more pronounced in the reality of local news media which are smaller, more circumscribed to a given territory and inherently closer to people. This factor, almost intrinsic to the practice of local journalism, includes some challenges for journalists, namely due to higher exposure and the proximity that can rapidly become promiscuity which will inevitably lead to a partial stance, of favouring and favour, where the untouchability of administrations is put to the test by the influence of financing that allows the maintenance of the communication media.

Partindo de uma reflexão sobre a televisão de proximidade na Europa, analisam-se as experiências levadas a cabo em Portugal. Sem a dinâmica de outros mercados, tentamse compreender as especificidades dos agentes públicos e privados, identificando os desafios do audiovisual local e regional. Das emissões clandestinas e desdobramentos regionais aos laboratórios académicos ou canais na Internet, estes tentam, ainda à margem do dividendo digital, colmatar esse défice na estrutura mediática nacional.
Starting with an examination of proximity television in Europe, this paper presents an analysis of the experiments carried out in Portugal. Without the dynamics of other markets, the purpose is to understand the specificities of public and private agents, identifying the challenges faced by local and regional audiovisual. From illegal broadcasts and regional variations to academic laboratories or online channels, they seek, albeit without the benefit of digital dividend, to close the gap in the national media structure.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Especialização em Audiovisual e Multimédia)
O distrito de Bragança é, por vezes, negligenciado nas noticias que passam nos canais generalistas, quer seja em termos de promoção da região quer pelo levantamento de assuntos de interesse para os seus habitantes. Este é o mote para o presente trabalho: o estudo da viabilidade para a criação de um canal de televisão em que temática incide sobre o distrito de Bragança, seja pela programação seja pelo acesso generalizado com recurso às plataformas tecnológicas para a sua transmissão. Neste trabalho será aprofundada a importância de haver nas plataformas da Web uma forma de fazer chegar a um universo mais lato os conteúdos sobre a região, encurtando distâncias entre o local e o público.􀀁 Em várias regiões do país foram criados canais de televisão regional, sendo que em Bragança, apesar de várias tentativas, nunca foi possível uma implementação do mesmo. Sendo considerada uma das regiões mais negligenciadas do país, era justificável a região já possuir este meio de comunicação. A falta de investimento dos órgãos de comunicação local neste meio é justificável pela falta de retorno monetário do mesmo, mas também porque os meios possíveis de transmissão não são acessíveis a todos os cidadão da região, principalmente porque a população da região está envelhecida e não tem ou não sabe aceder aos meios de transmissão existentes e possíveis para a criação da plataforma. O meio de implementação, para reduzir custos e pela viabilidade só poderá ser via Web, logo teria de existir uma sensibilização e uma divulgação forte dentro da região. Quanto a custos, deveria empreender-se uma campanha de angariação de publicidade, para posteriormente se realizarem spots publicitários, para que se pudesse reduzir as perdas monetárias. Dada a proximidade geográfica, será convocado a título comparativo a realidade verificada na vizinha Espanha com o processo de migração para a TDT, a televisão digital terrestre, que veio alargar a projeção das suas várias regiões por meio de canais regionais existentes na grelha nacional espanhola.
The district of Bragança is often overlooked on the news presented on generalista channels, whether in terms of promotion of the region, or on the raising of issues of interest to its inhabitants. This is the motto for this work: the study of the feasibility of creating a TV channel focused on the district of Bragança, through its programmes and generalized access by using technological platforms for its transmission. It will be further investigated the importance of the Web platforms as a way to reach a broader universe with the information on the region, shortening distances between the local and the public scene. Regional TV channels have been created in several regions of the country, but in Bragança, despite several attempts, its implementation was never possible. Being considered one of the most neglected regions of the country, it was reasonable to already have this kind of media on the region of Bragança. The lack of investment of the local media is justified by its lack of financial return, but also because these kind of broadband transmission media are not accessible to all citizens, mainly because the population of the region is aged and does not have access or does not know how to access the existing broadband transmission media that make possible the creation of the platform. To reduce costs and be feasible, the implementation could only be made via Web, which implies a strong promotion and consciousness campaign within the region. As for costs, it should be undertaken an advertising fund raising campaign and, subsequently, the creation of advertising spots, in order to reduce financial losses. Given the geographic proximity, this reality will be compared with the reality verified in neighbouring Spain, regarding to the migration process to DTT, Digital terrestrial television, which extended the visibility of its various regions through the regional channels broadcast in the Spanish national grid.

Os utilizadores, apesar de poderem estar distantes, passaram a conectar-se entre si, através da Internet, pelas suas características e interesses, mostrando que o conteúdo local continua a ser relevante e útil para as suas vidas. As possibilidades aumentaram para todos e o jornalismo teve de se adaptar a este novo cenário. Não só procurou ser mais imediato, como também aproximar-se dos leitores, de modo a conseguir fidelizá-los e credibilizar a profissão.Para entender melhor as novas dinâmicas de comunicação, o jornalismo online estará em destaque nesta dissertação, bem como a prática do jornalismo de proximidade, que, ao contrário do que tradicionalmente se considera, vai além dos meios de comunicação locais. A estes conceitos junta-se o de jornalismo cultural, uma vez que a cultura é a marca, a identidade de um país ou região e, por isso, a responsável por aproximar comunidades, seja por meio das tradições, dos costumes, das artes e/ou dos eventos e problemas de um território, podendo este ser um espaço físico ou não – daí a importância de analisar nos dias de hoje o jornalismo online quando estamos a falar de cultura de proximidade, neste caso, nos meios jornalísticos nacionais. A presente investigação pretendeu identificar e analisar a cobertura da cultura com dimensão local nos trabalhos publicados online nas secções de cultura e local/país do Diário de Notícias(DN), do Público e do Observador contribuindo assim para futuras pesquisas sobre jornalismo de proximidade, praticado nos websites, de meios nacionais. Procurou-se demonstrar a expressão da cultura de proximidade no online dos três meios referidos e caracterizá-la através de uma metodologia que incluiu uma análise de conteúdo, nomeadamente dos trabalhos publicados online durante uma semana artificialmente construída, e entrevistas realizadas a profissionais dos meios analisados. Os resultados mostraram que a cultura de proximidade existe nos conteúdos online dos meios nacionais analisados, mas tem uma expressão reduzida. Para além de pouca expressão, não há um padrão editorial definido, o que dificulta a prática do jornalismo de proximidade nos conteúdos de abordagem cultural dos meios nacionais.
Users, despite being distant, started to connect with each other, through the Internet, due to their characteristics and interests, showing that local content continues to be relevant and useful to their lives. The possibilities increased for everyone and journalism had to adapt to this new scenario. It not only sought to be more immediate, but also to get closer to readers, in order to gain their loyalty and make the profession credible. To better understand the new communication dynamics, online journalism will be highlighted in this dissertation, as well as the practice of proximity journalism, which, contrary to what is traditionally considered, goes beyond the local media. These concepts are joined by cultural journalism, since culture is the brand, the identity of a country or region and, therefore, responsible for bringing communities together, whether through traditions, customs, arts and/or events and problems of a territory, which may or may not be a physical space – hence the importance of analyzing online journalism nowadays when we are talking about proximity culture, in this case, in the national journalistic media. The present investigation aimed to identify and analyze the coverage of culture with a local dimension in works published online in the culture and local/country sections of Diário de Notícias (DN), Público and Observador, thus contributing to future research on proximity journalism, practiced on websites of national media. We tried to demonstrate the expression of proximity culture and its profile in the three aforementioned media through the following methodology: content analysis, namely of the works published online during an artificially constructed week, and interviews carried out with professionals from the analyzed media. The results showed that the culture of proximity exists in the online content of the analyzed national media, but has a reduced expression. In addition to having little expression, there is no defined editorial standard, which makes it difficult to practice proximity journalism in culturally-based content in national media.

Pela missão que assume no desenvolvimento de um território e na difusão de informações de interesse coletivo, a imprensa de proximidade apresenta hoje níveis de leitura e de fidelização dos leitores em muitos casos superiores àqueles registados pelos órgãos de informação nacionais. Se é indiscutível o papel absolutamente relevante que a imprensa de proximidade assume nas comunidades locais, também não deixa de ser um facto que o jornalismo local e regional tem vindo a enfrentar um verdadeiro desafio ao longo dos últimos anos: a adaptação ao online. Nesse sentido, 24 anos depois dos primeiros passos da imprensa de proximidade no jornalismo digital, e uma década após as primeiras adesões às redes sociais, de que forma está, hoje, o jornalismo regional a utilizar o meio online para difundir conteúdos? Aliás, como é a relação entre o suporte impresso e o formato digital no setor dos media regionais? Quais as estratégias editoriais assumidas por estes órgãos de informação no papel, no website e nas redes sociais? Este foi o ponto de partida da presente investigação, onde, mediante a análise das opções editoriais assumidas por cinco jornais regionais portugueses nos três suportes acima mencionados, foi possível concluir que a imprensa de proximidade apresenta padrões transversais aos formatos impresso e digital, nomeadamente no que respeita à primazia de determinados géneros jornalísticos, fontes de informação ou critérios de noticiabilidade. A verdade é que, apesar de alguns avanços verificados na transição para o digital, especialmente na redação de conteúdos exclusivos para o online, o aproveitamento das potencialidades das redes sociais na difusão de informações e no contacto com os leitores está aquém do desejado.
Due to the mission that assumes in the development of a territory and in the dissemination of information of collective interest, the proximity press presents today reading levels and loyalty of readers in many cases higher than those recorded by national media. If it is indisputable the absolutely relevant role that the proximity press assumes in the local community, it is also a fact that the local and regional journalism has been facing a true challenge over the last few years: adapting to online. In this sense, 24 years after the first steps of the proximity press in the digital journalism, and a decade after the first subscriptions to social networks, how is regional journalism using the online medium to disseminate contents? By the way, how is the relationship between printed media and digital format in the regional media sector? Which editorial strategies are assumed by these organizations on paper, website and social media? This was the starting point of the present investigation, where, through the analysis of editorial options assumed by five Portuguese regional newspapers in the three formats mentioned above, it was possible to conclude that the proximity press features transversal patterns to the printed and digital supports, particularly with regard to the primacy of certain journalistic genres, sources of information or news values. The truth is that, despite some advances in the transition to digital media, the use of the potential of social networks in the dissemination of information and in the contact with readers falls short of the desire.