Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Digital-Neo-Rural"

The digital transformation of rural Russia is performed in the context of the lack of complete information on European experience, as the existing reviews only examine certain aspects of this issue. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study identifies the entire set of key concepts and characteristics used in European approaches and practices for the digitalisation of rural areas. The review aims to compile publications of European authors within the subject field. The method of content analysis of relevant publications since the early 1990s until 2022 was utilised. The search was conducted using keywords in the Scopus database and other search engines. The relevance of foreign publications, citations and impact factors of journals were considered during the selection process. The emergence (1990s) of an endogenous approach to rural development and its transformation into a neo-endogenous paradigm determined the mindset and methodology of scientists in this subject field for all subsequent years. The focus on local communities, resources and control in the endogenous approach has been incorporated into the neo-endogenous paradigm. Additionally, knowledge, innovation, networks, social capital and relationships with the external environment became important components of the concept of smart and digital development. Further research is needed to examine socio-economic consequences of rural digitalisation, possibilities of smart and digital development of peripheral areas, the essence of social innovation and digital villages. The review results can be studied in order to apply European approaches and practices for the digitalisation of rural areas in Russia.

This essay analyzes the spatial and temporal dynamics which have emerged from the rapid development of Chiang Mai, Thailand over the last four decades. Modern urbanization since the 1980s in the previously remote Chiang Mai-Lamphun Valley has coincided with digital and financial globalization, neo-liberal governance, and the articulation of a new geological era of the Anthropocene based on evidence of human induced climate change. This time frame serves as a lens to theorize the architecture of the “metacity”, a new urban form and new form of urban practice responding to the demands of global digital financial networks and neo-liberal trade policies, but grounded in the ecology and life worlds of particular localities. The metacity appears in Chiang Mai within the interstices of a particularly fragmented rural/urban mix within a self-organized rather than plan-controlled built environment. The entire valley has been the site of intensive inhabitation for centuries, and recently urbanized, yet is spatially heterogeneous, extensive and patchy rather than ordered, bounded and uniform. The resulting landscape is marked by a disjunction between a feudal wet-rice cultivation land tenure structure overlaid with a market-based typology of urban real estate products with little enforcement of land use controls. The essay begins with theorizing the form of the metacity, continues with a description of the Chiang Mai case study, and concludes with a general assessment of the need to create a new form of metacity urban practice. A metacity design practice would re-conceptualize urban theories and forms by inking architectural and ecological thinking with inclusive social practices, enhanced by new digitally-enhanced urban imaginaries and new representational tools of mapping, modeling and design.

The supervision and feeding of grazing livestock are always difficult missions. Since animals act based on habits, the real-time monitoring data logger has become an indispensable instrument to assist farmers in recognizing the status of livestock. Position-tracked and acoustic monitoring have become commonplace as two of the best methods to characterize feeding performance in ruminants. Previously, the existing methods were limited to desktop computers and lacked a sound-collecting function. These restrictions impacted the late interventions from feeders and required a large-sized data memory. In this work, an open-source framework for a data collector that autonomously captures the health information of farm animals is introduced. In this portable hardware, a Wireless Location Acoustic Sensing System (WiLASS) is integrated to infer the health status through the activities and abnormal phenomena of farming livestock via chew–bite sound identification. WiLASS involves the open modules of ESP32-WROOM, GPS NEO-6M, ADXL335 accelerometer, GY-MAX4466 amplifier, temperature sensors, and other signal processing circuits. By means of wireless communication, the ESP32-WROOM Thing micro-processor offers high speed transmission, standard protocol, and low power consumption. Data are transferred in a real-time manner from the attached sensing modules to a digital server for further analysis. The module of GPS NEO-6M Thing brings about fast tracking, high precision, and a strong signal, which is suitable for highland applications. Some computations are incorporated into the accelerometer to estimate directional movement and vibration. The GY-MAX4466 Thing plays the role of microphone, which is used to store environmental sound. To ensure the quality of auditory data, they are recorded at a minimum sampling frequency of 10 KHz and at a 12-bit resolution. Moreover, a mobile software in pocket devices is implemented to provide extended mobility and social convenience. Converging with a cloud-based server, the multi-Thing portable platform can provide access to simultaneously supervise. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol with low bandwidth, high reliability, and bi-direction, and which is appropriate for most operating systemsOS, is embedded into the system to prevent data loss. From the experimental results, the feasibility, effectiveness, and correctness of our approach are verified. Under the changes of climate, the proposed framework not only supports the improvement of farming techniques, but also provides a high-quality alternative for poor rural areas because of its low cost and its ability to carry out a proper policy for each species.

Abstract. The intensive promotion of a healthy lifestyle in most countries of the world and the current situation with the global spread of viral and other infectious diseases clearly have the effect of changing patterns of human behavior. The study is based on the formation of appropriate mechanisms for managing the development of areas in the era of the fourth industrial revolution amid the globalization and the emergence of the digital economy. The real efficiency and social role of medical institutions can be ensured by increasing the availability of services to the population of complex areas, taking into account certain institutional aspects of this area. The practical importance of the achieved results is determined by the advantages of scaling the model of development of mechanisms that guide the development of health care and rehabilitation in the context of digitalization. The presented material will help to improve the quality of management decisions made by the heads of organizations from rehabilitation centers and regulatory authorities. This mechanism also helps to better meet the needs of new stakeholder groups, including customers, governments, manufacturers and healthcare professionals. The use of neo-modern technologies significantly enriches the opportunities for professionals around the world. The low price of mobile applications and personal electronic devices allows us to talk about the potential use of such comprehensive "IT-medical" solutions, even in rural and sparsely populated areas. This area is only at the initial stage of research, which will require scientists to obtain additional qualifications, and physicians the ability to work with modern high-tech solutions that are widely available to young people and all patients. Systematic research in this area is impossible without the use of big data processing technologies, as well as without a personalized approach to each patient. Based on the integrated use of the diagnostic potential of modern technologies, it is advisable to develop algorithms and use secure protocols for designing individual rehabilitation plans for people. The spread and development of digitalization in the field of occupational therapy and rehabilitation cannot be considered a refusal to participate in the human specialist, doctor and scientist in this area or diminish their role.

This author reply responds to the commentaries on our article, ‘Planetary rural geographies’, exploring intersections with neo-Marxist political economy, post-colonialism, and digital geographies. The critiques raise questions about the portrayal of rural spaces as sources of planetary crises. We emphasize the intention of the planetary rural geographies framework to avoid a simplistic rural – urban dichotomy and argue for a nuanced understanding of planetary crises. Our response delves into the role of agency in a neoliberal capitalist context, incorporating post-humanist perspectives. It also examines the complex relationship between rural populism, conflicts, and planetary crises. Planetary rural geographies seek to integrate diverse perspectives as a research agenda, acknowledging the need for empirical tools to translate theoretical insights into meaningful interventions for just, equitable transitions.

Purpose: India has been the advocate the digital infrastructure addressing last-mile connectivity through financial inclusion by integrating innovative financial technology(fintech)and Digital Ecosystem for making financial services more accessible to a large number of people, at present India’s fin tech adoption rate is 87% in the world, Digital ecosystem will account for 30% of global revenues by 2025 as per McKinsey and Digital Financial Services(DFS) is a tool to boost the inclusive growth and access to the finance for solving societal issues and economic growth by adaption of SHG, JLG and Farmer Interest Groups(FIGs) in Farm and Non-Farm Sector and digital model more impact in creating micro-entrepreneurs in non-agriculture sector, employment in Sustainable agriculture, reducing poverty, income equality, equitable society with good health and wellbeing and economic growth with initiatives undertaken by the current government to improve financial inclusion in association with RBI, NABARD, NBFC in Empowering the sustainable development goals and more opportunities for women in rural areas as well as tire 3,tiere4 cities in improving lives with the Financial inclusion initiatives like the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI), NABARD E – Shakti, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Atal Pension Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM), Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT)/Direct Benefit transfer, JAM, e-KYC, smart panchayats, agriculture credit, Buy Now Pay Later(BNPL), Digital Banks, Central Bank Digital Currency(DBDC), Robotic Automation with AI, Block chain Technology, Neo banks, Kisan Credit. The innovations and revolution that have had the biggest effect on inclusive digital and financial services include BSB for MSMEs, Rupay, Paytm, PhonePe, Google Pay, and Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM), as well as cloud computing, biometrics, government e-marketplaces, AGMARKNET, and FPOs. RBI FINANCIAL INCLUSION INDEX2022 indicates a gap in FI in India and it impacts GDP, and Atmanirbhar Mahila - Aatmanirbhar Bharat. Design/Methodology: The research relies on secondary data, which were gathered from websites, journals, newspapers, magazines, reports, and Case studies on SHGs promoted by SKDRDP-Shri Kshetra Dharmasthala Rural Development Project. The data are descriptively analysed. Originality/value: Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) Initiatives on The Self-Help Group: For Sustainable Development and its impact studied through various case studies- how it is helpful to self-help groups. Paper type: Conceptual framework

Purpose. Reveal neo-ecological aspects of transformation the territorial structure of agrarian systems. Methods. The method of generalization has been used in order to identify and study the monoprocesses of development that occur in territorial systems of different hierarchical levels. Results. The retrospective analysis of the concept of «agrarian territorial system» has been evaluated. The essence of the concept of «monoagrarian territorial system» in the context of modern ecological problems had been specified. The peculiarities of the formation of the conceptual and terminological apparatus connected with agrarian monosystems in the theory of social geography have been given. Emphasis had been made on the involvement of scientists in various fields of knowledge in the formation of this apparatus. Attention has been focused on the study of agricultural systems in terms of generalization of their attributes to track the process of mono-development. The digital basis of the process of monodevelopment and the dynamics of absolute data of a certain type, which characterize the highest level of generalization, have been considered, as a rule, as a determinant characteristic of the object of study. The peculiarities of the coverage of the concept of "rural area" in the regulations of Ukraine have been analyzed. The disorder, heterogeneity, and contradiction of the essence of this concept in various normative legal acts have been established, because of which it is inconvenient to use it in all spheres of life of the population, including in the implementation of scientific research. The article analyzes the development of rural areas as monosystems of different hierarchical levels, and the process of their development is outlined as monodevelopment. It had ben noted that any numerical characteristic of the territory can become a starting point for a specific process of monodevelopment that takes place within it. That is, even in the absence of dynamic data, but in the presence of the possibility to compare the starting points of the various processes of development of such monorosystems, we can predict the peculiarities of their course in the study area. The importance of research of monoprocesses (generalized at the regional level) through the analysis of indicators the cost of the made agriculture production had been outlined; the cost of agricultural products sold by enterprises; the number of employees in Ukraine in general and in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries in particular; use of agricultural products. Conclusions. The study proves the need for comprehensive coverage of the peculiarities of rural development focuses on the inadequacy of studying the course of any one monoprocess within them, or even several processes. The importance of studying such processes against the background of the transformation of the territorial structure of agricultural systems operating in the context of neo-globalization challenges has been emphasized. This scientific approach made it possible to understand the essence of the development of rural areas as monosystems and to identify the features of them further in the context of neo-environmental aspects. The conceptual and terminological apparatus in a specific socio-geographical study was first supplemented by the category of "mono-agrarian locality" with the author's interpretation of its essence.

The article examines the intermedial coordinates of the artistic modeling of traumatic past in the novel “Alder Blood” by the famous artist M. Babak. Theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the work on the theory of intermediality (A. A. Hansen-Leo, V. Wolf, J. Muller, I. Raievskyi, S. Matsenko, V. Prosalova, I. Ilchuk). Since we are talking about the semantic and communicative potential of visual images in the structure of the work, we take into account the works of semiotics, whose representatives (R. Bart, W. Eco, C. Pearce) began to decipher, interpret cultural codes of visual images. In the artistic world of the novel “Alder blood” the codes of literature and fine arts, digital art interact. Neo-Expressionism, Trans-Avant-garde author’s techniques reveals excessive emotionality, metaphorical, fragmentary, “curly” verbal text. The visual plan of the novel, apart from the verbal “picture”, the font expressiveness of the text, the presence of fragments that associated with methods of creation of visual poetry, is characterized by the insertion into the artistic structure of the work of photo collages, graphic sketches. In the novel photography not only represents the past. Black and white rural photography, scanned, processed with the help of a technical photo editor, transformed into a collage element, complemented with new meanings, turned into a work of digital art, means of comprehension and socio-political critique of important social and aesthetic issues. The novel “Alder blood” with its genre and stylistic peculiarities is closer to the art-book, that combining in one work verbal and visual art. Modeling traumatic past in intermedial coordinates (media combination), the author makes an act not personal, but also national auto-therapy.

This review aims at identifying cestodes that are present in hunted rodent species in the neo-tropical region. The rodent species that was investigated were the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, Linnaeus, 1766), lappe (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766), agouti (Dasyprocta leporina, Linnaeus, 1758), chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla, Lichtenstein, 1829), Trinidad spiny rat (Proehimys trinitatus, Allen and Chapman, 1893), nutria (Myocastor coypus, Molina, 1782), and vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus, Desmarest, 1817). These rodent species are utilized for their meats in many rural communities in the Caribbean and South America. These rodents belong to the hystricomorphic group. Raillietina demerariensis Daniels, 1895 was commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of D. leporina, C. paca and P. trinitatus. Similarly, in the liver, muscle and subcutaneous tissue the metacestodes on Echinococcus vogeli Daniels, 1895 and Echinococcus oligarthrus was found in the lappe and agouti. The capybara was found to have the most species of cestodes in its gastrointestinal tract when compared to the agouti and lappe. However, metacestodes were not recorded in the tissues of the capybara. This surprising feature shows the effect of the difference in feeding habits between the capybara and the agouti and lappe. The literature reviewed in this study includes scientific publications on cestodes and metacestodes of Hystricomorphic rodents. An exhaustive search was performed using the digital repositories in Google Scholar, Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus and Pubmed. Literature searched spanned the years 1970-2021. Cestodes of zoonotic significance were E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus, with humans becoming infected when consuming eggs of contaminated food and water. The agouti and lappe act as intermediate host in the life cycle of E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus, the definitive host (canids and felids) become infected by consuming of tissue infected with metacestodes. Humans become infected through the ingestion of eggs from the definitive host where cystic lesions develop in the liver, lungs and other abdominal organs.

Our thesis is that the city’s ambience is now an unstable dialectic in which we are watchers and watched, mirrored and refracted in a landscape of iPhone auteurs, eTags, CCTV and sousveillance. Embrace ambience! Invoking Benjamin’s spirit, this article does not seek to limit understanding through restriction to a particular theme or theoretical construct (Buck-Morss 253). Instead, it offers snapshots of interactions at the dawn of the postmodern city. That bricolage also engages how people appropriate, manipulate, disrupt and divert urban spaces and strategies of power in their everyday life. Ambient information can both liberate and disenfranchise the individual. This article asks whether our era’s dialectics result in a new personhood or merely restate the traditional spectacle of ‘bright lights, big city’. Does the virtualized city result in ambient anomie and satiation or in surprise, autonomy and serendipity? (Gumpert 36) Since the steam age, ambience has been characterised in terms of urban sound, particularly the alienation attributable to the individual’s experience as a passive receptor of a cacophony of sounds – now soft, now loud, random and recurrent–from the hubbub of crowds, the crash and grind of traffic, the noise of industrial processes and domestic activity, factory whistles, fire alarms, radio, television and gramophones (Merchant 111; Thompson 6). In the age of the internet, personal devices such as digital cameras and iPhones, and urban informatics such as CCTV networks and e-Tags, ambience is interactivity, monitoring and signalling across multiple media, rather than just sound. It is an interactivity in which watchers observe the watched observing them and the watched reshape the fabric of virtualized cities merely by traversing urban precincts (Hillier 295; De Certeau 163). It is also about pervasive although unevenly distributed monitoring of individuals, using sensors that are remote to the individual (for example cameras or tag-readers mounted above highways) or are borne by the individual (for example mobile phones or badges that systematically report the location to a parent, employer or sex offender register) (Holmes 176; Savitch 130). That monitoring reflects what Doel and Clark characterized as a pervasive sense of ambient fear in the postmodern city, albeit fear that like much contemporary anxiety is misplaced–you are more at risk from intimates than from strangers, from car accidents than terrorists or stalkers–and that is ahistorical (Doel 13; Scheingold 33). Finally, it is about cooption, with individuals signalling their identity through ambient advertising: wearing tshirts, sweatshirts, caps and other apparel that display iconic faces such as Obama and Monroe or that embody corporate imagery such as the Nike ‘Swoosh’, Coca-Cola ‘Ribbon’, Linux Penguin and Hello Kitty feline (Sayre 82; Maynard 97). In the postmodern global village much advertising is ambient, rather than merely delivered to a device or fixed on a billboard. Australian cities are now seas of information, phantasmagoric environments in which the ambient noise encountered by residents and visitors comprises corporate signage, intelligent traffic signs, displays at public transport nodes, shop-window video screens displaying us watching them, and a plethora of personal devices showing everything from the weather to snaps of people in the street or neighborhood satellite maps. They are environments through which people traverse both as persons and abstractions, virtual presences on volatile digital maps and in online social networks. Spectacle, Anomie or Personhood The spectacular city of modernity is a meme of communication, cultural and urban development theory. It is spectacular in the sense that of large, artificial, even sublime. It is also spectacular because it is built around the gaze, whether the vistas of Hausmann’s boulevards, the towers of Manhattan and Chicago, the shopfront ‘sea of light’ and advertising pillars noted by visitors to Weimar Berlin or the neon ‘neo-baroque’ of Las Vegas (Schivelbusch 114; Fritzsche 164; Ndalianis 535). In the year 2010 it aspires to 2020 vision, a panoptic and panspectric gaze on the part of governors and governed alike (Kullenberg 38). In contrast to the timelessness of Heidegger’s hut and the ‘fixity’ of rural backwaters, spectacular cities are volatile domains where all that is solid continues to melt into air with the aid of jackhammers and the latest ‘new media’ potentially result in a hypereality that make it difficult to determine what is real and what is not (Wark 22; Berman 19). The spectacular city embodies a dialectic. It is anomic because it induces an alienation in the spectator, a fatigue attributable to media satiation and to a sense of being a mere cog in a wheel, a disempowered and readily-replaceable entity that is denied personhood–recognition as an autonomous individual–through subjection to a Fordist and post-Fordist industrial discipline or the more insidious imprisonment of being ‘a housewife’, one ant in a very large ant hill (Dyer-Witheford 58). People, however, are not automatons: they experience media, modernity and urbanism in different ways. The same attributes that erode the selfhood of some people enhance the autonomy and personhood of others. The spectacular city, now a matrix of digits, information flows and opportunities, is a realm in which people can subvert expectations and find scope for self-fulfillment, whether by wearing a hoodie that defeats CCTV or by using digital technologies to find and associate with other members of stigmatized affinity groups. One person’s anomie is another’s opportunity. Ambience and Virtualisation Eighty years after Fritz Lang’s Metropolis forecast a cyber-sociality, digital technologies are resulting in a ‘virtualisation’ of social interactions and cities. In post-modern cityscapes, the space of flows comprises an increasing number of electronic exchanges through physically disjointed places (Castells 2002). Virtualisation involves supplementation or replacement of face-to-face contact with hypersocial communication via new media, including SMS, email, blogging and Facebook. In 2010 your friends (or your boss or a bully) may always be just a few keystrokes away, irrespective of whether it is raining outside, there is a public transport strike or the car is in for repairs (Hassan 69; Baron 215). Virtualisation also involves an abstraction of bodies and physical movements, with the information that represents individual identities or vehicles traversing the virtual spaces comprised of CCTV networks (where viewers never encounter the person or crowd face to face), rail ticketing systems and road management systems (x e-Tag passed by this tag reader, y camera logged a specific vehicle onto a database using automated number-plate recognition software) (Wood 93; Lyon 253). Surveillant Cities Pervasive anxiety is a permanent and recurrent feature of urban experience. Often navigated by an urgency to control perceived disorder, both physically and through cultivated dominant theory (early twentieth century gendered discourses to push women back into the private sphere; ethno-racial closure and control in the Black Metropolis of 1940s Chicago), history is punctuated by attempts to dissolve public debate and infringe minority freedoms (Wilson 1991). In the Post-modern city unprecedented technological capacity generates a totalizing media vector whose plausible by-product is the perception of an ambient menace (Wark 3). Concurrent faith in technology as a cost-effective mechanism for public management (policing, traffic, planning, revenue generation) has resulted in emergence of the surveillant city. It is both a social and architectural fabric whose infrastructure is dotted with sensors and whose people assume that they will be monitored by private/public sector entities and directed by interactive traffic management systems – from electronic speed signs and congestion indicators through to rail schedule displays –leveraging data collected through those sensors. The fabric embodies tensions between governance (at its crudest, enforcement of law by police and their surrogates in private security services) and the soft cage of digital governmentality, with people being disciplined through knowledge that they are being watched and that the observation may be shared with others in an official or non-official shaming (Parenti 51; Staples 41). Encounters with a railway station CCTV might thus result in exhibition of the individual in court or on broadcast television, whether in nightly news or in a ‘reality tv’ crime expose built around ‘most wanted’ footage (Jermyn 109). Misbehaviour by a partner might merely result in scrutiny of mobile phone bills or web browser histories (which illicit content has the partner consumed, which parts of cyberspace has been visited), followed by a visit to the family court. It might instead result in digital viligilantism, with private offences being named and shamed on electronic walls across the global village, such as Facebook. iPhone Auteurism Activists have responded to pervasive surveillance by turning the cameras on ‘the watchers’ in an exercise of ‘sousveillance’ (Bennett 13; Huey 158). That mirroring might involve the meticulous documentation, often using the same geospatial tools deployed by public/private security agents, of the location of closed circuit television cameras and other surveillance devices. One outcome is the production of maps identifying who is watching and where that watching is taking place. As a corollary, people with anxieties about being surveilled, with a taste for street theatre or a receptiveness to a new form of urban adventure have used those maps to traverse cities via routes along which they cannot be identified by cameras, tags and other tools of the panoptic sort, or to simply adopt masks at particular locations. In 2020 can anyone aspire to be a protagonist in V for Vendetta? (iSee) Mirroring might take more visceral forms, with protestors for example increasingly making a practice of capturing images of police and private security services dealing with marches, riots and pickets. The advent of 3G mobile phones with a still/video image capability and ongoing ‘dematerialisation’ of traditional video cameras (ie progressively cheaper, lighter, more robust, less visible) means that those engaged in political action can document interaction with authority. So can passers-by. That ambient imaging, turning the public gaze on power and thereby potentially redefining the ‘public’ (given that in Australia the community has been embodied by the state and discourse has been mediated by state-sanctioned media), poses challenges for media scholars and exponents of an invigorated civil society in which we are looking together – and looking at each other – rather than bowling alone. One challenge for consumers in construing ambient media is trust. Can we believe what we see, particularly when few audiences have forensic skills and intermediaries such as commercial broadcasters may privilege immediacy (the ‘breaking news’ snippet from participants) over context and verification. Social critics such as Baudelaire and Benjamin exalt the flaneur, the free spirit who gazed on the street, a street that was as much a spectacle as the theatre and as vibrant as the circus. In 2010 the same technologies that empower citizen journalism and foster a succession of velvet revolutions feed flaneurs whose streetwalking doesn’t extend beyond a keyboard and a modem. The US and UK have thus seen emergence of gawker services, with new media entrepreneurs attempting to build sustainable businesses by encouraging fans to report the location of celebrities (and ideally provide images of those encounters) for the delectation of people who are web surfing or receiving a tweet (Burns 24). In the age of ambient cameras, where the media are everywhere and nowhere (and micro-stock photoservices challenge agencies such as Magnum), everyone can join the paparazzi. Anyone can deploy that ambient surveillance to become a stalker. The enthusiasm with which fans publish sightings of celebrities will presumably facilitate attacks on bodies rather than images. Information may want to be free but so, inconveniently, do iconoclasts and practitioners of participatory panopticism (Dodge 431; Dennis 348). Rhetoric about ‘citizen journalism’ has been co-opted by ‘old media’, with national broadcasters and commercial enterprises soliciting still images and video from non-professionals, whether for free or on a commercial basis. It is a world where ‘journalists’ are everywhere and where responsibility resides uncertainly at the editorial desk, able to reject or accept offerings from people with cameras but without the industrial discipline formerly exercised through professional training and adherence to formal codes of practice. It is thus unsurprising that South Australia’s Government, echoed by some peers, has mooted anti-gawker legislation aimed at would-be auteurs who impede emergency services by stopping their cars to take photos of bushfires, road accidents or other disasters. The flipside of that iPhone auteurism is anxiety about the public gaze, expressed through moral panics regarding street photography and sexting. Apart from a handful of exceptions (notably photography in the Sydney Opera House precinct, in the immediate vicinity of defence facilities and in some national parks), Australian law does not prohibit ‘street photography’ which includes photographs or videos of streetscapes or public places. Despite periodic assertions that it is a criminal offence to take photographs of people–particularly minors–without permission from an official, parent/guardian or individual there is no general restriction on ambient photography in public spaces. Moral panics about photographs of children (or adults) on beaches or in the street reflect an ambient anxiety in which danger is associated with strangers and strangers are everywhere (Marr 7; Bauman 93). That conceptualisation is one that would delight people who are wholly innocent of Judith Butler or Andrea Dworkin, in which the gaze (ever pervasive, ever powerful) is tantamount to a violation. The reality is more prosaic: most child sex offences involve intimates, rather than the ‘monstrous other’ with the telephoto lens or collection of nastiness on his iPod (Cossins 435; Ingebretsen 190). Recognition of that reality is important in considering moves that would egregiously restrict legitimate photography in public spaces or happy snaps made by doting relatives. An ambient image–unposed, unpremeditated, uncoerced–of an intimate may empower both authors and subjects when little is solid and memory is fleeting. The same caution might usefully be applied in considering alarms about sexting, ie creation using mobile phones (and access by phone or computer monitor) of intimate images of teenagers by teenagers. Australian governments have moved to emulate their US peers, treating such photography as a criminal offence that can be conceptualized as child pornography and addressed through permanent inclusion in sex offender registers. Lifelong stigmatisation is inappropriate in dealing with naïve or brash 12 and 16 year olds who have been exchanging intimate images without an awareness of legal frameworks or an understanding of consequences (Shafron-Perez 432). Cameras may be everywhere among the e-generation but legal knowledge, like the future, is unevenly distributed. Digital Handcuffs Generations prior to 2008 lost themselves in the streets, gaining individuality or personhood by escaping the surveillance inherent in living at home, being observed by neighbours or simply surrounded by colleagues. Streets offered anonymity and autonomy (Simmel 1903), one reason why heterodox sexuality has traditionally been negotiated in parks and other beats and on kerbs where sex workers ply their trade (Dalton 375). Recent decades have seen a privatisation of those public spaces, with urban planning and digital technologies imposing a new governmentality on hitherto ambient ‘deviance’ and on voyeuristic-exhibitionist practice such as heterosexual ‘dogging’ (Bell 387). That governmentality has been enforced through mechanisms such as replacement of traditional public toilets with ‘pods’ that are conveniently maintained by global service providers such as Veolia (the unromantic but profitable rump of former media & sewers conglomerate Vivendi) and function as billboards for advertising groups such as JC Decaux. Faces encountered in the vicinity of the twenty-first century pissoir are thus likely to be those of supermodels selling yoghurt, low interest loans or sportsgear – the same faces sighted at other venues across the nation and across the globe. Visiting ‘the mens’ gives new meaning to the word ambience when you are more likely to encounter Louis Vuitton and a CCTV camera than George Michael. George’s face, or that of Madonna, Barack Obama, Kevin 07 or Homer Simpson, might instead be sighted on the tshirts or hoodies mentioned above. George’s music might also be borne on the bodies of people you see in the park, on the street, or in the bus. This is the age of ambient performance, taken out of concert halls and virtualised on iPods, Walkmen and other personal devices, music at the demand of the consumer rather than as rationed by concert managers (Bull 85). The cost of that ambience, liberation of performance from time and space constraints, may be a Weberian disenchantment (Steiner 434). Technology has also removed anonymity by offering digital handcuffs to employees, partners, friends and children. The same mobile phones used in the past to offer excuses or otherwise disguise the bearer’s movement may now be tied to an observer through location services that plot the person’s movement across Google Maps or the geospatial information of similar services. That tracking is an extension into the private realm of the identification we now take for granted when using taxis or logistics services, with corporate Australia for example investing in systems that allow accurate determination of where a shipment is located (on Sydney Harbour Bridge? the loading dock? accompanying the truck driver on unauthorized visits to the pub?) and a forecast of when it will arrive (Monmonier 76). Such technologies are being used on a smaller scale to enforce digital Fordism among the binary proletariat in corporate buildings and campuses, with ‘smart badges’ and biometric gateways logging an individual’s movement across institutional terrain (so many minutes in the conference room, so many minutes in the bathroom or lingering among the faux rainforest near the Vice Chancellery) (Bolt). Bright Lights, Blog City It is a truth universally acknowledged, at least by right-thinking Foucauldians, that modernity is a matter of coercion and anomie as all that is solid melts into air. If we are living in an age of hypersocialisation and hypercapitalism – movies and friends on tap, along with the panoptic sorting by marketers and pervasive scrutiny by both the ‘information state’ and public audiences (the million people or one person reading your blog) that is an inevitable accompaniment of the digital cornucopia–we might ask whether everyone is or should be unhappy. This article began by highlighting traditional responses to the bright lights, brashness and excitement of the big city. One conclusion might be that in 2010 not much has changed. Some people experience ambient information as liberating; others as threatening, productive of physical danger or of a more insidious anomie in which personal identity is blurred by an ineluctable electro-smog. There is disagreement about the professionalism (for which read ethics and inhibitions) of ‘citizen media’ and about a culture in which, as in the 1920s, audiences believe that they ‘own the image’ embodying the celebrity or public malefactor. Digital technologies allow you to navigate through the urban maze and allow officials, marketers or the hostile to track you. Those same technologies allow you to subvert both the governmentality and governance. You are free: Be ambient! References Baron, Naomi. Always On: Language in an Online and Mobile World. New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Bauman, Zygmunt. 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La sobriété est ce terme polysémique présenté par la recherche académique et les médias comme le scénario incontournable de la transition écologique. Son acception contemporaine englobe une multitude de sens : la frugalité, la tempérance, la simplicité volontaire, qui désignent plusieurs régulations possibles de nos consommations matérielles. Ce travail de thèse instruit et met à l’épreuve la notion de sobriété en s’appuyant sur des enquêtes de terrain qui s’intéressent aux « migrations urbaines de télétravailleurs en ruralité ». Un départ en territoire rural fondé sur des motivations matérialistes et affectives. Nous étudions le rapport subjectif à la consommation et les représentations des idéaux de vie des digitaux-néo-ruraux. Ce néologisme définit cette nouvelle figure du salarié digital à cheval entre plusieurs territoires, entre modernisme et retour à la terre. Nos enquêtes relatent une sobriété expérientielle qui montre plusieurs opérationnalités possibles de ce concept réductionniste : « effet débond », « consommation territorialement responsable », « autre rapport au temps », « sobriété contingente », « hub domestique ». La sobriété dévoile plusieurs facettes à même d’élargir sa désirabilité. L’acculturation est gérée par des stratégies d’intégration où la consommation est utilisée pour légitimer son affiliation territoriale. Notre recherche montre des digitaux-néo-ruraux qui articulent enjeux environnementaux, technologiques, économiques et sociétaux. Ce travail de thèse permet de mieux comprendre la construction d’autres modes et imaginaires de vie avec une logique de l’abondance qui est questionnée
Sufficiency is a polysemous term presented by academic research and the media as the essential scenario for ecological transition. Its contemporary meaning encompasses a multitude of meanings: frugality, temperance, voluntary simplicity, all of which refer to possible ways of regulating our material consumption. This thesis examines and tests the notion of sufficiency by drawing on field research into the 'urban migration of teleworkers'. A move to rural areas based on materialistic and affective motivations.We are studying the subjective relationship to consumption and the representations of the ideals of life of the digital-neo-rural. This neologism defines this new figure of the digital employee straddling several territories, between modernism and a return to the land.Our surveys reveal an experiential sufficiency that shows several possible operationalities of this reductionist concept: "debond effect", "territorially responsible consumption", "another relationship with time", "contingent sufficiency", "domestic hub". Sufficiency has a number of facets that can broaden its desirability. Acculturation is managed by integration strategies in which consumption is used to legitimise territorial affiliation. Our research shows that digital-neo-rural living combines environmental, technological, economic, and societal issues. This thesis provides a better understanding of the construction of alternative lifestyles and imaginaries, with the logic of abundance being called into question