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1
Chaffin, Don B. "Digital Human Modeling for Workspace Design." Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics 4, no. 1 (October 2008): 41–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/155723408x342844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digital human modeling (DHM) technology offers human factors/ergonomics specialists the promise of an efficient means to simulate a large variety of ergonomics issues early in the design of products and manufacturing workstations. It rests on the premise that most products and manufacturing work settings are specified and designed by using sophisticated computer-aided design (CAD) systems. By integrating a computer-rendered avatar (or hominoid) and the CAD-rendered graphics of a prospective workspace, one can simulate issues regarding who can fit, reach, see, manipulate, and so on. In this chapter, I briefly describe the development of various DHM methods to improve CAD systems. Past concerns about early DHM methods are discussed, followed by a description of some of the recent major developments that represent attempts by various groups to address the early concerns. In this latter context, methods are described for using anthropometric databases to ensure that population shape and size are well modeled. Efforts to integrate various biomechanical models into DHM systems also are described, followed by a section that outlines how human motions are being modeled in different DHM systems. In a final section, I discuss recent work to merge cognitive models of human performance with DHM models of manual tasks. Much has been accomplished in recent years to make digital human models more useful and effective in resolving ergonomics issues during the design of products and manufacturing processes, but much remains to be learned and applied in this rapidly evolving aspect of ergonomics.
2
Andreoni, Giuseppe, Marco Mazzola, Tiziana Atzori, Federica Vannetti, Lucia Modi, Sara D’Onofrio, and Leonardo Forzoni. "Digital Human Models for Automated Ultrasound User Interface Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this theoretical paper is to describe the development of a new technology for the automated analysis and design definition of Ultrasound (US) system User Interfaces (UI) and US transducers. US examination is a real-time multi-factor approach, which involves the whole sonographer’s body; its automated evaluation, analysis and design must take into account many different factors and aspects which need to be evaluated and implemented. The proposed technology, based on Digital Human Modeling (DHM) systems, would get input from multi-factor technologies such as Motion Analysis, Eye Tracking, Superficial Electromyography, Stereo Imaging and also physical information such as temperature, ECG, respiration activity, etc., applied to different US users for different clinical applications and protocols. The utilization of DHM to manage and analyze these diverse requirements would drive the automated optimization of system design, in terms of ergonomics and workflow.
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Maruyama, Tsubasa, Satoshi Kanai, Hiroaki Date, and Mitsunori Tada. "Motion-capture-based walking simulation of digital human adapted to laser-scanned 3D as-is environments for accessibility evaluation." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 3, no. 3 (March 25, 2016): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2016.03.001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Owing to our rapidly aging society, accessibility evaluation to enhance the ease and safety of access to indoor and outdoor environments for the elderly and disabled is increasing in importance. Accessibility must be assessed not only from the general standard aspect but also in terms of physical and cognitive friendliness for users of different ages, genders, and abilities. Meanwhile, human behavior simulation has been progressing in the areas of crowd behavior analysis and emergency evacuation planning. However, in human behavior simulation, environment models represent only “as-planned” situations. In addition, a pedestrian model cannot generate the detailed articulated movements of various people of different ages and genders in the simulation. Therefore, the final goal of this research was to develop a virtual accessibility evaluation by combining realistic human behavior simulation using a digital human model (DHM) with “as-is” environment models. To achieve this goal, we developed an algorithm for generating human-like DHM walking motions, adapting its strides, turning angles, and footprints to laser-scanned 3D as-is environments including slopes and stairs. The DHM motion was generated based only on a motion-capture (MoCap) data for flat walking. Our implementation constructed as-is 3D environment models from laser-scanned point clouds of real environments and enabled a DHM to walk autonomously in various environment models. The difference in joint angles between the DHM and MoCap data was evaluated. Demonstrations of our environment modeling and walking simulation in indoor and outdoor environments including corridors, slopes, and stairs are illustrated in this study. Highlights An adaptive walking simulation algorithm of the digital human was developed. The environment models are automatically generated from laser-scanned point clouds. A digital human can walk autonomously in various as-built environment models. Simulated walking motion of the digital human is similar to one of real human. Elapsed time of modeling and simulation is short enough for practical application.
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Şuteu Băncilă, Ana Maria Adina, and Constantin Buzatu. "Digital Human Modeling in the Development of Assistive Technologies for Elderly Users." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As ergonomics has become an integral part of the design process, digital human modeling is a rapidly emerging area that links computer-aided engineering design, human factors engineering and applied ergonomics. This paper briefly presents some of the basic principles of user-centered design and their relationship to ergonomics, together with the application of digital human modeling (DHM) in the design process of an assistive walking aid for elderly users with low mobility, considering the assessment of risk and comfort of the system. The use of DHM in order to improve certain features of a system or product is not a new concept, various types of digital human models being used for over 35 years. Using the Human Builder module in CATIA V5 two human models are generated with the help of anthropometric data collected from a group of >65 years old participants living in assistive care centers. The models are further employed in testing the safety and comfort level of the walking aid currently used by the participants, resulting the need of immediate changes in the device.
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Sänger, Johannes, Lukas Wirth, Zhejun Yao, David Scherb, Jörg Miehling, Sandro Wartzack, Robert Weidner, Andreas Lindenmann, and Sven Matthiesen. "ApOL-Application Oriented Workload Model for Digital Human Models for the Development of Human-Machine Systems." Machines 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2023): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11090869.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common work-related diseases for assemblers and machine operators, it is crucial to find new ways to alleviate the physical load on workers. Support systems such as exoskeletons or handheld power tools are promising technology to reduce the physical load on the humans. The development of such systems requires consideration of the interactions between human and technical systems. The physical relief effect of the exoskeleton can be demonstrated in experimental studies or by simulation with the digital human model (DHM). For the digital development of these support systems, an application-oriented representation of the workload is necessary. To facilitate digital development, an application-oriented workload model (ApOL model) of an overhead working task is presented. The ApOL model determines the load (forces, torques) onto the DHM during an overhead screw-in task using a cordless screwdriver, based on experimental data. The ApOL model is verified by comparing the simulated results to the calculated values from a mathematical model, using experimental data from three participants. The comparison demonstrates successful verification, with a maximum relative mean-absolute-error (rMAE) of the relevant load components at 11.4%. The presented ApOL model can be utilized to assess the impact of cordless screwdriver design on the human workload and facilitate a strain-based design approach for support systems e.g., exoskeletons.
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Geiger, Andreas, Elisabeth Brandenburg, and Rainer Stark. "Natural Virtual Reality User Interface to Define Assembly Sequences for Digital Human Models." Applied System Innovation 3, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi3010015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digital human models (DHMs) are virtual representations of human beings. They are used to conduct, among other things, ergonomic assessments in factory layout planning. DHM software tools are challenging in their use and thus require a high amount of training for engineers. In this paper, we present a virtual reality (VR) application that enables engineers to work with DHMs easily. Since VR systems with head-mounted displays (HMDs) are less expensive than CAVE systems, HMDs can be integrated more extensively into the product development process. Our application provides a reality-based interface and allows users to conduct an assembly task in VR and thus to manipulate the virtual scene with their real hands. These manipulations are used as input for the DHM to simulate, on that basis, human ergonomics. Therefore, we introduce a software and hardware architecture, the VATS (virtual action tracking system). This paper furthermore presents the results of a user study in which the VATS was compared to the existing WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointer) interface. The results show that the VATS system enables users to conduct tasks in a significantly faster way.
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Reed, Matthew P., Don B. Chaffin, and Julian Faraway. "Critical Features in Human Motion Simulation for Ergonomic Analysis." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 12 (September 2005): 1196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digital human figure models (DHM) are increasingly the tools of choice for assessments of the physical ergonomics of products and workplaces. Software representations of users and workers are used to visualize people performing tasks of interest. Analyses have usually focused on clearance and reach in static postures, not because the actual tasks are static, but rather because DHM have lacked robust, accurate motion simulation capability. Research is underway at many institutions to develop improved motion simulation methods, drawing on a wide variety of methodologies from fields such as computer graphics, kinesiology, motor control, and robotics. Experience in the Human Motion Simulation Laboratory at the University of Michigan suggests that conventional metrics of accuracy for posture and movement prediction do not adequately capture the aspects of human movement that are most important for ergonomic analysis. This paper identifies and justifies a set of these critical features.
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Rustandi, Apid, and Sinung Nugroho. "Investigation of Unexpected Crossing-Lane Activity on Curving Road Using Digital Human Modelling Analysis." RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v2i2.566.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the truck driving posture, vision safety, and perception time safety for truck drivers adjusting their velocity at the curving road due to crossing lane activity. The investigation method starts defining the road contour of the target using Geospatial Information System software (QBase). After the road elevation projection was made, the line was drawn to the surface in CAD software. After that, Digital Human Modelling (DHM) was created on the Japanese population with Indonesian anthropometry properties of 50%ile. The environment scenario was assembled based on the 3D model road surface and 3D vehicle models, and DHM in series. The objective scenario used vision analysis and driver perception response analysis. The result shows that even if the truck and SUV blockage has not appeared, the truck driver will not see the motorcycle on the corner. After that, pillar-A also contributes to blocking the truck driver's vision. Since it contributes to construction safety, the trade-off cannot be negotiated. A speed trap shall be applied before the curving zone to increase safety. The speed trap could instantly reduce the truck and other vehicles' speed in both lanes.
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Rhén, Ida-Märta, Xuelong Fan, Magnus Kjellman, and Mikael Forsman. "A possible revival of population-representing digital human manikins in static work situations – exemplified through an evaluation of a prototype console for robotic surgery." Work 70, no. 3 (November 26, 2021): 833–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: In the 90s, digital human manikins (DHMs) were introduced in planning of workstations, by static or semi-static simulations. Modern DHMs can simulate dynamic work and offer a rapid way for a virtual pre-production ergonomic evaluation. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders may affect surgical performance and patient safety. A prototype of an open console, which is contrary to the conventional closed consoles and may be seen as a representative for a new generation, has been designed to reduce workload for robotic surgery surgeons. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this project was to test a new DHM tool with improved usability to evaluate the ergonomics of a console of a robotic surgical system in a pre-production stage. METHODS: The DHM tool IMMA was used together with a 3D model of the prototype console. Twelve manikins who represented females and males from two national populations were introduced. Manikin-console distances, after console adjustments per manikin, were compared with a US checklist and Swedish standard for VDU work. RESULTS: The DHM tool was useful for this case, but the distances of the checklist and the standard were needed to be obtained “manually”. The automatic functions of the DHM worked smoothly but were not optimized for VDU work. The prototype fulfilled most, but not all, of the ergonomic criteria of the checklist and the standard. CONCLUSIONS: There is room for improvements of the adjustable ranges of the console prototype. DHMs may facilitate rapid pre-production evaluation of workstations for static work; if ergonomic assessment models for VDU work are built-in, there may be a revival of DHMs in static work situations.
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Chatterjee, Tirthankar, Debojyoti Bhattacharyya, Deepti Majumdar, and Madhusudan Pal. "Ergonomic Assessment of Multi Calibre Individual Weapon System in Virtual Reality Platform." Defence Science Journal 69, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.14426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The primary objective of the study was to assess the compatibility of multi calibre individual weapon system (MCIWS) with the shorter, medium and larger individual users of Indian Army. Three dynamic digital human models (DHM) 5thp, 50thp, 95thp army pooled (AP) population were considered to accommodate wide range (more than 90 per cent) of the army population for ergonomic analysis of the weapon system with the help of digital human modelling software Jack. Solid model of MCIWS which was in Parasolid file format X_T (*.x_t) was imported into NX5 (solid model design software) and subsequently converted to JT (*.jt) format. This solid model was later translated into Jack 5.0.1 environment. Standing, squatting and crawling with the weapon were adopted for the study. Angular deviations of important joints, posture prediction using OWAS, and comfort discomfort assessment using Dreyfus 3D method were carried out in the study. The result of the study revealed that the operation in squatting and crawling conditions may increase postural load on neck, shoulder and upper arm. The pistol grip size, shape and contour are acceptable for the taller population. Removal of corrugated gripping surface, reduction of grip diameter and space adjustment for gloves use will be effective for optimal use. The position and size of fore grip seemed suitable for the taller users. Sight system could be accessed by all three user populations. It is advised to avoid holding the weapon for long duration with hands to prevent overuse injury or undue fatigue.
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Dennerlein, F., U. Daub, F. Blab, P. Podfigurny, U. Schneider, and T. Bauernhansl. "Digitale Menschmodelle für Montagemitarbeiter/Digital human models for assembly workers - Teacher and learner animations for assisting ergonomically optimized assembly processes." wt Werkstattstechnik online 105, no. 03 (2015): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-03-39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vorgestellt werden ein digitales Menschmodell und sein Erstellungsprozess. Das Modell ist als leicht verständliches Lernwerkzeug für Arbeitnehmer in Montagetätigkeiten mit bekannt kritisch hohen mechanischen Lasten ausgelegt. Der Ansatz dient dem Verringern des Risikos mechanisch überlastungsbedingter Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates. A digital human model and the related process is presented. This is proposed as an easy-to-use education tool for assembly workers in work positions which are known as being highly mechanically stressful. The intention is risk reduction from musculo-skeletal diseases related to high levels of mechanical stress at work.
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Kurkov, V. M., and A. S. Kiseleva. "DEM ACCURACY RESEARCH BASED ON UNMANNED AERIAL SURVEY DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 22, 2020): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1347-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Currently, digital elevation models (DEM) created by photogrammetric method based on unmanned aerial survey data are becoming an increasingly popular product. They are used in various areas of human activity related to modelling and analysis of terrain, namely: topography, engineering and geodetic surveys, surveying, archaeology, geomorphology, etc. The accuracy of digital surface and terrain models obtained by the photogrammetric method depends on the accuracy of aerial triangulation and dense point cloud from a number of overlapping images. In turn, the accuracy of the aerial triangulation is determined by the accuracy of the measurements of the tie points, GCP's / check points and the intersection geometry. When constructing a dense cloud using the SGM algorithm, the quality of the surface/terrain model depends not only on the accuracy of point identification, but also on filtering outliers and rejecting unreliable measurements. This article presents the results of evaluating the accuracy of creating a digital elevation model obtained by various unmanned aerial survey systems on a single test area.
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Tasca, Bárbara Fernanda da Cunha, Fernanda Vieira Xavier, and Auberto José Barros Siqueira. "Localização de nascentes ameaçadas em áreas urbanas: Uma estratégia preventiva de conservação ambiental com auxílio de Modelo Digital do Terreno (MDT)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 4 (2021): 2186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.4.p2186-2203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Identifying urban headwaters and delimitating their Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) before its inevitable degradation by the human occupation is essential to guarantee the long-term sustainability of the cities. However, the scarcity of tools for facilitating this purpose prevents public authorities from speeding up their control actions. As headwaters frequently occur near the beginning of first-order drainage channels, it is assumed that their location can be obtained by using numerical models of the land surface. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and demonstrate the applicability of a Digital Terrain Model (MDT) as an auxiliary tool in the prospecting process in spring fields in the urban area of Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. The methodology consisted of extracting the drainage channels from the modeled area, making it possible to indicate locations for prospecting corresponding to the head regions of the first order channels. The results show that 62,8% of the occurrence of the headwaters were in a 300m radii from the first-order start points. However, it was not possible to issue a conclusive evaluation in 28,6% of the places due to the high level of anthropization. Nevertheless, only in 8,6% of them did not present any water emergence in the surroundings, indicating the effectiveness of this method in guiding the prospection of headwaters in field. We concluded that our procedures are worthful for cities that have detailed altimetric surveys, being especially useful in urban expansion areas, where the preventive character of headwaters conservation is essential.
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Chetverikov, Borys, Lyubov Babiy, Zoriana Kuzyk, Iryna Zayats, and Mykhailo Protsyk. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 96,2022, no. 96 (December 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2022.96.014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the work is to investigate the digital elevation models of the mass grave of 1944, built on the basis of aerial and cartographic data of different times. The implementation of the task involves the construction of digital elevation models (DEM) on the territory of the Jewish mass grave in the city of Vynnyky and Italian prisoners of war near the city. On the territory of the Jewish mass grave in the city of Vynnyky, a DEM was created based on a stereo pair of archival aerial images obtained in 1944 and on the basis of aerial photography from a UAV conducted in 2015. Since archival aerial photographs did not contain orientation elements, they were geometrically transformed using the ErdasImagine software. After that, the stereo pair was processed in the program Digitals, where relief elements on the territory of the mass grave were obtained. Aerial photography from a UAV on the territory of the city of Vynnyky provided the data which was processed in the Agisoft PhotoScan software. It allowed us to create an orthophoto plan and an elevation map of the city territory. Elements of relief on the territory of the mass grave of 1944 and 2015 were imported into the Surfer software environment, where 3D digital elevation models were built. Since the territory of the grave did not have significant differences in height, and the relief was quite gentle, the method of constructing the DEM of the Natural Neighbor was chosen, which gave a positive result. Analyzing the digital elevation model and the vector map for 1944, the border of the mass grave is clearly distinguished, since the height difference between its edges and the rest of the territory is from 20 to 36 cm, depending on the section of the border. The analysis of the digital elevation models and the vector map for 2015 of the territory of the mass grave determined from the aerial image of 1944 showed that the characteristic height differences on the former border of the grave are observed only in the left-right corner of the grave and on a separate section of the right border. Height difference indicators range from 15 to 20 cm. It should be noted that height differences are also observed in the rest of the territory belonging to the mass grave and outside it. This can be explained by many years of human intervention and agricultural land use. With regard to the investigation of the mass graves of Italian prisoners of war near the city of Vynnyky, the modern territory is 100% wooded, which makes it impossible to apply aerial photography. Therefore, in order to compare the modern DEM with the stereo pair of aerial images of 1944, it was decided to conduct a ground tacheometric survey of the area in 2011. Tacheometric survey data was exported to the dxf exchange format, after which it was opened in Surfer and the DEM was built. In this case, digital elevation models were built using the Kriging method, since the area where the mass graves are located is quite hilly with a significant difference in elevation. According to the digital elevation models, 54 pits with burials that have survived to this day have been identified. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the development of the concept of combining disparate data for the construction of digital elevation models and the creation of a complete picture of the study of the territory of the object of historical and cultural heritage. The received data can be used by the relevant cultural heritage preservation departments of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine for their further study.
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Liang, Li Heng, Li Xin Xing, Tong Lin Li, Hong Yan Jiang, and Li Jun Jiang. "Study on Geomorphologic Spatial Information Mining and Application." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Digital Elevation Models (DEM) implies numbers of geomorphologic spatial information. It not only includes the three-dimensional coordinate but also has unique texture information, which can describe the ‘true’ land surface adequately at relation of neighbors (plan) and relative (amplitude). We will use a method to study the wavelength characters by data mining and distribution of slope and local relief on the altitude steps through a local window. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) collect detailed Digital Elevation Models(DEM) data between 60°N and 57°S, 80 percent for all land masses, and it provides reliable, high precision surface elevation data for us, suits to analyze efficiently landscape pattern. SRTM-DEM data simulate three-dimensional land surface with regular gridded matrix, and these discrete points are fit for spatial neighbors’ analysis and statistics, and convenient to geomorphologic pattern computation and analysis in digital computer. Geomorphologic pattern is influenced by Physical properties and human activities in a most direct way, but whilst it record numbers of geological evolution evidence, and these records provide some important information for climate change, geological and geographical processes and ecological environment researches in science. In this study, making the whole Jilin province as study object, we propose a fourth-order equation to approximate land as a continuous curved surface, association neighbors’ analysis method, utilize digital elevation matrix to validate an optimal statistic window, and subsequent study the area spatial distribution by parameterization and classification, get a satisfactory effect.
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Barker, Kendra L., Kenneth M. Boucher, and Robert L. Judson-Torres. "Label-Free Classification of Apoptosis, Ferroptosis and Necroptosis Using Digital Holographic Cytometry." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 27, 2020): 4439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis are three distinct forms of programmed cell death. Each of these pathways can be exploited to terminate cancer cells. One promising therapeutic strategy is to activate alternative programmed cell death pathways subsequent to cancer cells evolving mechanisms to evade apoptosis. However, the interplay between distinct programmed cell death pathways and cancer progression is complex and can paradoxically promote the disease. There is a need for high-throughput assays for real-time classification of programmed cell death, both to further investigate these important biologic processes and to assess the case-by-case efficacy of targeting each pathway in patient-derived tumor cells. Here, we sought to develop a label-free, live-imaging-based assay for classifying forms of programmed cell death with single cell resolution. We used digital holographic cytometry (DHC) to monitor human melanoma cells undergoing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. We developed and validated models that used DHC-derived features to classify each form of cell death with 91–93% accuracy in the test sets. We conclude that high-accuracy, high-throughput, label-free classification of apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis can be achieved with DHC.
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Todorov, Venelin, and Ivan Dimov. "Innovative Digital Stochastic Methods for Multidimensional Sensitivity Analysis in Air Pollution Modelling." Mathematics 10, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10122146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, much of the world has a regional air pollution strategy to limit and decrease the pollution levels across governmental borders and control their impact on human health and ecological systems. Environmental protection is among the leading priorities worldwide. Many challenges in this research area exist since it is a painful subject for society and a fundamental topic for the healthcare system. Sensitivity analysis has a fundamental role during the process of validating a large-scale air pollution computational models to ensure their accuracy and reliability. We apply the best available stochastic algorithms for multidimensional sensitivity analysis of the UNI-DEM model, which plays a key role in the management of the many self-governed systems and data that form the basis for forecasting and analyzing the consequences of possible climate change. We develop two new highly convergent digital sequences with special generating matrices, which show significant improvement over the best available existing stochastic methods for measuring the sensitivity indices of the digital ecosystem. The results obtained through sensitivity analysis will play an extremely important multi-sided role.
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Castaneda, Raul, Carlos Trujillo, and Ana Doblas. "Video-Rate Quantitative Phase Imaging Using a Digital Holographic Microscope and a Generative Adversarial Network." Sensors 21, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 8021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conventional reconstruction method of off-axis digital holographic microscopy (DHM) relies on computational processing that involves spatial filtering of the sample spectrum and tilt compensation between the interfering waves to accurately reconstruct the phase of a biological sample. Additional computational procedures such as numerical focusing may be needed to reconstruct free-of-distortion quantitative phase images based on the optical configuration of the DHM system. Regardless of the implementation, any DHM computational processing leads to long processing times, hampering the use of DHM for video-rate renderings of dynamic biological processes. In this study, we report on a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) for robust and fast quantitative phase imaging in DHM. The reconstructed phase images provided by the GAN model present stable background levels, enhancing the visualization of the specimens for different experimental conditions in which the conventional approach often fails. The proposed learning-based method was trained and validated using human red blood cells recorded on an off-axis Mach–Zehnder DHM system. After proper training, the proposed GAN yields a computationally efficient method, reconstructing DHM images seven times faster than conventional computational approaches.
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Zhang, Wenting, Bin Hu, Yongzhi Liu, Xingnan Zhang, and Zhixuan Li. "Urban Flood Risk Assessment through the Integration of Natural and Human Resilience Based on Machine Learning Models." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (July 23, 2023): 3678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flood risk assessment and mapping are considered essential tools for the improvement of flood management. This research aims to construct a more comprehensive flood assessment framework by emphasizing factors related to human resilience and integrating them with meteorological and geographical factors. Moreover, two ensemble learning models, namely voting and stacking, which utilize heterogeneous learners, were employed in this study, and their prediction performance was compared with that of traditional machine learning models, including support vector machine, random forest, multilayer perceptron, and gradient boosting decision tree. The six models were trained and tested using a sample database constructed from historical flood events in Hefei, China. The results demonstrated the following findings: (1) the RF model exhibited the highest accuracy, while the SVR model underestimated the extent of extremely high-risk areas. The stacking model underestimated the extent of very-high-risk areas. It should be noted that the prediction results of ensemble learning methods may not be superior to those of the base models upon which they are built. (2) The predicted high-risk and very-high-risk areas within the study area are predominantly clustered in low-lying regions along the rivers, aligning with the distribution of hazardous areas observed in historical inundation events. (3) It is worth noting that the factor of distance to pumping stations has the second most significant driving influence after the DEM (Digital Elevation Model). This underscores the importance of considering human resilience factors. This study expands the empirical evidence for the ability of machine learning methods to be employed in flood risk assessment and deepens our understanding of the potential mechanisms of human resilience in influencing urban flood risk.
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Doulamis, A., N. Doulamis, C. Ioannidis, C. Chrysouli, N. Grammalidis, K. Dimitropoulos, C. Potsiou, E. K. Stathopoulou, and M. Ioannides. "5D Modelling: An Efficient Approach for Creating Spatiotemporal Predictive 3D Maps of Large-Scale Cultural Resources." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5/W3 (August 11, 2015): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-w3-61-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Outdoor large-scale cultural sites are mostly sensitive to environmental, natural and human made factors, implying an imminent need for a spatio-temporal assessment to identify regions of potential cultural interest (material degradation, structuring, conservation). On the other hand, in Cultural Heritage research quite different actors are involved (archaeologists, curators, conservators, simple users) each of diverse needs. All these statements advocate that a 5D modelling (3D geometry plus time plus levels of details) is ideally required for preservation and assessment of outdoor large scale cultural sites, which is currently implemented as a simple aggregation of 3D digital models at different time and levels of details. The main bottleneck of such an approach is its complexity, making 5D modelling impossible to be validated in real life conditions. In this paper, a cost effective and affordable framework for 5D modelling is proposed based on a spatial-temporal dependent aggregation of 3D digital models, by incorporating a predictive assessment procedure to indicate which regions (surfaces) of an object should be reconstructed at higher levels of details at next time instances and which at lower ones. In this way, dynamic change history maps are created, indicating spatial probabilities of regions needed further 3D modelling at forthcoming instances. Using these maps, predictive assessment can be made, that is, to localize surfaces within the objects where a high accuracy reconstruction process needs to be activated at the forthcoming time instances. The proposed 5D Digital Cultural Heritage Model (5D-DCHM) is implemented using open interoperable standards based on the CityGML framework, which also allows the description of additional semantic metadata information. Visualization aspects are also supported to allow easy manipulation, interaction and representation of the 5D-DCHM geometry and the respective semantic information. The open source 3DCityDB incorporating a PostgreSQL geo-database is used to manage and manipulate 3D data and their semantics.
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Milevski, Ivica, Slavoljub Dragicevic, and Stanimir Kostadinov. "Digital elevation model and satellite images an assessment of soil erosion potential in the Pcinja catchment." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 87, no. 2 (2007): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0702011m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pcinja is large left tributary of Vardar River (135 km long, 2877,3 km2 catchment?s area), which drainages surface waters from northeastern Macedonia, and small part of southeastern Serbia. Because of suitable physical-geographic factors (geology, terrain morphology, climate, hydrology, vegetation coverage, soil composition, and high human impact), some parts of the catchment?s suffer significant erosion process. For this reason, it is necessary to research properly spatial distribution of erosion, then influence of physical and anthropogenic factors for the intensity of soil erosion, related erosion landforms (with morphology, genesis, evolution, soil erosion protection etc.). Earlier researches in the area have been performed generally with combination of cartographic and classic field analysis. But in last decades, there are new possibilities available like satellite images and digital elevation models. In this work has been presented the methodology of utilization of satellite images and DEM for erosion research, with analysis and comparisons of outcome data.
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Coppola, G., G. Di Caprio, M. Wilding, P. Ferraro, G. Esposito, L. Di Matteo, R. Dale, G. Coppola, and B. Dale. "Digital holographic microscopy for the evaluation of human sperm structure." Zygote 22, no. 4 (March 7, 2013): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199413000026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryThe morphology of the sperm head has often been correlated with the outcome ofin vitrofertilization, and has been shown to be the sole parameter in semen of value in predicting the success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection.In this paper, we have studied whether digital holographic microscopy (DHM) may be useful to obtain quantitative data on human sperm head structure and compared this technique with high-power digitally enhanced Nomarski optics. The main advantage of digital holography is that high-resolution three-dimensional quantitative sample imaging may be automatically produced by numerical refocusing of a two-dimensional image at different object planes without any mechanical scanning. We show that DHM generates useful information on the dimensions and structure of human sperm, not revealed by conventional phase-contrast microscopy, in particular the volume of vacuoles, and suggest its use as an additional prognostic tool in assisted reproduction technology.
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González-Quiñones, Juan José, Juan Francisco Reinoso-Gordo, José Antonio Solano-García, José Miguel Cámara-Donoso, Carlos Alberto León-Robles, Gonzalo Linares-Matás, and Juan Manuel Jiménez-Aren. "Monitoring an archaeological excavation using photogrammetry and digital elevation models (DEMS): the case study of Barranco León in Orce (Granada, Spain)." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 31.2 (2022): 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2022.i31.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we describe and discuss emergent digital technologies employed for monitoring the excavations at the archaeological site of Barranco León (Granada, Spain) between 2017 and 2020. The method entails the following material requirements: a total station, a conventional camera, a computer and a software that integrates photogrammetry algorithms; in terms of human resources, the presence of an engineer for the first day of the excavation to set up the methodological process and trained excavation staff to perform said method on a daily basis is necessary. Here we present the daily workflow for monitoring archaeological excavations introduced at the site, followed by an estimation of the costs and a summary of the results obtained. The method introduced here is based on the height difference of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) computed on successive days using photogrammetric techniques. It is a non-invasive method, which requires less than 8% of the economic resources of the excavation and can be carried out in less than 15 minutes. This allows the excavation director to have an accurate and visual idea of the excavation process in order to make appropriate decisions. In addition, from the results obtained in the method (differences in DEM of every two days), other derived results can be obtained such as the exact location of the archaeological remains extracted based on their size. These features highlight the relevance and applicability of this approach to a wide range of archaeological sites.
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Bernard, Fabien, Mohsen Zare, Jean-Claude Sagot, and Raphael Paquin. "Using Digital and Physical Simulation to Focus on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Aviation Maintainability." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 62, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819861496.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the differences in the assessments made by three simulation tools used in a maintainability design office to perform human factor/ergonomics (HFE) analysis: digital human modeling (DHM), virtual reality (VR), and physical mock-up (PMU). Background: Maintainability engineers use digital/physical simulation tools in the early design phase to analyze whether the design is well adapted for maintenance operators. Knowing the potential of these simulation tools would encourage maintainability stakeholders to integrate HFE in the design process more efficiently. Method: Eleven maintenance tasks were analyzed from the participation of six maintenance operators. Various HFE indicators including physical, cognitive, and organizational indicators were assessed. Each operator repeated 11 maintenance tasks on VR and PMU. Based on the anthropometric parameters, six manikins were created to analyze 11 maintenance tasks on DHM. Results: A significant difference was found for the organizational indicators between VR and PMU, whereas the physical and cognitive indicators are similar. DHM, VR, and PMU are compared with the common HFE indicators for the physical dimension and present a significant difference for individual tasks. Conclusion: To reduce the gap between simulation tools, a better physical representation is requested on the VR platform, improving the perception of work sequences in the virtual world. Concerning DHM, a new paradigm is proposed to study a few tasks per work area instead of studying each task independently. Application: This study will help develop a new methodology and tools specifically for non-HFE experts in the maintainability department.
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Liu, Kaixuan, Jianping Wang, Chun Zhu, Edwin Kamalha, Yan Hong, Junjie Zhang, and Min Dong. "A mixed human body modeling method based on 3D body scanning for clothing industry." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-10-2016-0115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a relatively simple and rapid method to create a digital human model (DHM) to serve clothing industry. Design/methodology/approach Human body’s point cloud is divided into hands, foots, head and torso. Then forward modeling method is used to model hands and foots, photo modeling method is used to model head and reverse modeling method is used to model torso. After that, hands, foots, head and torso are integrated together to get a static avatar. Next, virtual skeleton is bound to the avatar. Finally, a lifelike digital human body model is created by the mixed modeling method (MMM). Findings In allusion to the defect of the three-dimension original data of human body, this paper presented an MMM, with which we can get a realistic digital human body model with accurate body dimensions. The DHM can well meet the needs of fashion industry. Practical implications The DHM, which is got by the MMM, can be well applied in the field of virtual try on, virtual fashion design, virtual fashion show and so on. Originality/value The originality of the paper lies in the integration of forward modeling, reverse modeling and photo modeling to present a novel method of human body modeling.
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Graf, Lukas, Mariano Moreno-de-las-Heras, Maurici Ruiz, Aleix Calsamiglia, Julián García-Comendador, Josep Fortesa, José López-Tarazón, and Joan Estrany. "Accuracy Assessment of Digital Terrain Model Dataset Sources for Hydrogeomorphological Modelling in Small Mediterranean Catchments." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10122014.
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Digital terrain models (DTMs) are a fundamental source of information in Earth sciences. DTM-based studies, however, can contain remarkable biases if limitations and inaccuracies in these models are disregarded. In this work, four freely available datasets, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SRTM C-SAR V3 DEM), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Map (ASTER GDEM V2), and two nationwide airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived DTMs (at 5-m and 1-m spatial resolution, respectively) were analysed in three geomorphologically contrasting, small (3–5 km2) catchments located in Mediterranean landscapes under intensive human influence (Mallorca Island, Spain). Vertical accuracy as well as the influence of each dataset’s characteristics on hydrological and geomorphological modelling applicability were assessed by using ground-truth data, classic geometric and morphometric parameters, and a recently proposed index of sediment connectivity. Overall vertical accuracy—expressed as the root mean squared error (RMSE) and normalised median deviation (NMAD)—revealed the highest accuracy for the 1-m (RMSE = 1.55 m; NMAD = 0.44 m) and 5-m LiDAR DTMs (RMSE = 1.73 m; NMAD = 0.84 m). Vertical accuracy of the SRTM data was lower (RMSE = 6.98 m; NMAD = 5.27 m), but considerably higher than for the ASTER data (RMSE = 16.10 m; NMAD = 11.23 m). All datasets were affected by systematic distortions. Propagation of these errors and coarse horizontal resolution caused negative impacts on flow routing, stream network, and catchment delineation, and to a lower extent, on the distribution of slope values. These limitations should be carefully considered when applying DTMs for catchment hydrogeomorphological modelling.
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Belemtougri, Axel P., Agnès Ducharne, and Harouna Karambiri. "Improvement of river network representation in Africa: application of an approach based on digital elevation data and environmental characteristics." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 384 (November 16, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-19-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. In many continental databases representing rivers across Africa, information on rivers characteristics (length, width, intermittent or perennial) is often incomplete, and small streams are largely underrepresented. Fortunately, the use of topographic information from digital elevation models (DEMs) provides an opportunity to have more detailed information on rivers, particularly small streams in broad areas. A common approach to extract streams from DEM is to consider as a stream all DEM cells that drain at least a certain upstream surface, commonly known as the minimum contributing area (Amin). This parameter (Amin) is generally defined uniformly over large areas and this independently of the very variable climate and landscape conditions so that the generated streams have a rather uniform spatial distribution. To address this issue, using a 3′′ (approx. 90 m × 90 m) DEM of Burkina Faso, the relationship between Amin and the observed drainage density (Ddobs) was established with satisfactory performance (r2=0.86). In ongoing work, the functional relationship between the observed drainage densities (Ddobs) and environmental variables (lithology, climate, geology, vegetation cover) should allow for the establishment of the relationships between Amin and the environmental variables. This relationship allows for spatially variable Amin values depending on landscape characteristics. Before extracting river networks in Africa, the next step will be to validate or update these relationships in several countries.
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Quiroga, V. Moya, I. Popescu, D. P. Solomatine, and L. Bociort. "Cloud and cluster computing in uncertainty analysis of integrated flood models." Journal of Hydroinformatics 15, no. 1 (July 18, 2012): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2012.017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is an increased awareness of the importance of flood management aimed at preventing human and material losses. A wide variety of numerical modelling tools have been developed in order to make decision-making more efficient, and to better target management actions. Hydroinformatics assumes the holistic integrated approach to managing the information propagating through models, and analysis of uncertainty propagation through models is an important part of such studies. Many popular approaches to uncertainty analysis typically involve various strategies of Monte Carlo sampling of uncertain variables and/or parameters and running a model a large number of times, so that in the case of complex river systems this procedure becomes very time-consuming. In this study the popular modelling systems HEC-HMS, HEC-RAS and Sobek1D2D were applied to modelling the hydraulics of the Timis–Bega basin in Romania. We considered the problem of studying how the flood inundation is influenced by uncertainties in water levels of the reservoirs in the catchment, and uncertainties in the digital elevation model (DEM) used in the 2D hydraulic model. For this we used cloud computing (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud platform) and cluster computing on the basis of a number of office desktop computers, and were able to show their efficiency, leading to a considerable reduction of the required computer time for uncertainty analysis of complex models. The conducted experiments allowed us to associate probabilities to various areas prone to flooding. This study allows us to draw a conclusion that cloud and cluster computing offer an effective and efficient technology that makes uncertainty-aware modelling a practical possibility even when using complex models.
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Muhari, A., F. Imamura, S. Koshimura, and J. Post. "Examination of three practical run-up models for assessing tsunami impact on highly populated areas." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2011): 3107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-3107-2011.
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Abstract. This paper describes the examination of three practical tsunami run-up models that can be used to assess the tsunami impact on human beings in densely populated areas. The first of the examined models applies a uniform bottom roughness coefficient throughout the study area. The second uses a very detailed topographic data set that includes the building height information integrated on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM); and the third model utilizes different bottom roughness coefficients, depending on the type of land use and on the percentage of building occupancy on each grid cell. These models were compared with each other by taking the one with the most detailed topographic data (which is the second) as reference. The analysis was performed with the aim of identifying how specific features of high resolution topographic data can influence the tsunami run-up characteristics. Further, we promote a method to be used when very detailed topographic data is unavailable and discuss the related limitations. To this purpose we demonstrate that the effect of buildings on the tsunami flow can be well modeled by using an equivalent roughness coefficient if the topographic data has no information of building height. The results from the models have been utilized to quantify the tsunami impact by using the tsunami casualty algorithm. The models have been applied in Padang city, Indonesia, which is one of the areas with the highest potential of tsunami risk in the world.
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Kaya, Fuat, Calogero Schillaci, Ali Keshavarzi, and Levent Başayiğit. "Predictive Mapping of Electrical Conductivity and Assessment of Soil Salinity in a Western Türkiye Alluvial Plain." Land 11, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 2148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increase in soil salinity due to human-induced processes poses a severe threat to agriculture on a regional and global scale. Soil salinization caused by natural and anthropogenic factors is a vital environmental hazard, specifically in semi-arid and arid regions of the world. The detection and monitoring of salinity are critical to the sustainability of soil management. The current study compared the performance of machine learning models to produce spatial maps of electrical conductivity (EC) (as a proxy for salinity) in an alluvial irrigation plain. The current study area is located in the Isparta province (100 km2), land cover is mainly irrigated, and the dominant soils are Inceptisols, Mollisols, and Vertisols. Digital soil mapping (DSM) methodology was used, referring to the increase in the digital representation of soil formation factors with today’s technological advances. Plant and soil-based indices produced from the Sentinel 2A satellite image, topographic indices derived from the digital elevation model (DEM), and CORINE land cover classes were used as predictors. The support vector regression (SVR) algorithm revealed the best relationships in the study area. Considering the estimates of different algorithms, according to the FAO salinity classification, a minimum of 12.36% and a maximum of 20.19% of the study area can be classified as slightly saline. The low spatial dependence between model residuals limited the success of hybrid methods. The land irrigated cover played a significant role in predicting the current level of EC.
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Kong, Chunfang, Yiping Tian, Xiaogang Ma, Zhengping Weng, Zhiting Zhang, and Kai Xu. "Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Based on Different MaChine Learning Methods in Zhaoping County of Eastern Guangxi." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 3573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183573.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regarding the ever increasing and frequent occurrence of serious landslide disaster in eastern Guangxi, the current study was implemented to adopt support vector machines (SVM), particle swarm optimization support vector machines (PSO-SVM), random forest (RF), and particle swarm optimization random forest (PSO-RF) methods to assess landslide susceptibility in Zhaoping County. To this end, 10 landslide disaster-related variables including digital elevation model (DEM)-derived, meteorology-derived, Landsat8-derived, geology-derived, and human activities factors were provided. Of 345 landslide disaster locations found, 70% were used to train the models, and the rest of them were performed for model verification. The aforementioned four models were run, and landslide susceptibility evaluation maps were produced. Then, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, statistical analysis, and field investigation were performed to test and verify the efficiency of these models. Analysis and comparison of the results denoted that all four landslide models performed well for the landslide susceptibility evaluation as indicated by the area under curve (AUC) values of ROC curves from 0.863 to 0.934. Among them, it has been shown that the PSO-RF model has the highest accuracy in comparison to other landslide models, followed by the PSO-SVM model, the RF model, and the SVM model. Moreover, the results also showed that the PSO algorithm has a good effect on SVM and RF models. Furthermore, the landslide models devolved in the present study are promising methods that could be transferred to other regions for landslide susceptibility evaluation. In addition, the evaluation results can provide suggestions for disaster reduction and prevention in Zhaoping County of eastern Guangxi.
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Meyer, Dominique E., Eric Lo, Jonathan Klingspon, Anton Netchaev, Charles Ellison, and Falko Kuester. "TunnelCAM- A HDR Spherical Camera Array for Structural Integrity Assessments of Dam Interiors." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 7 (January 26, 2020): 227–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.7.iss-227.
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The United States of America has an estimate of 84,000 dams of which approximately 15,500 are rated as high-risk as of 2016. Recurrent geological and structural health changes require dam assets to be subject to continuous structural monitoring, assessment and restoration. The objective of the developed system is targeted at evaluating the feasibility for standardization in remote, digital inspections of the outflow works of such assets to replace human visual inspections. This work proposes both a mobile inspection platform and an image processing pipeline to reconstruct 3D models of the outflow tunnel and gates of dams for structural defect identification. We begin by presenting the imaging system with consideration to lighting conditions and acquisition strategies. We then propose and formulate global optimization constraints that optimize system poses and geometric estimates of the environment. Following that, we present a RANSAC frame-work that fits geometric cylinder primitives for texture projection and geometric deviation, as well as an interactive annotation frame-work for 3D anomaly marking. Results of the system and processing are demonstrated at the Blue Mountain Dam, Arkansas and the F.E. Walter Dam, Pennsylvania.
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Thaneswer, Patel, J. Sanjog, Anirban Chowdhury, and Sougata Karmakar. "Applications of DHM in Agricultural Engineering: A Review." Advanced Engineering Forum 10 (December 2013): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.16.
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Research towards developing user-compatible, ease in use and safe agricultural equipment with proper consideration of human factors using cutting edge technology like Digital Human Modeling (DHM) and simulation is very important in todays scenario. This technology offers new possibilities to integrate ergonomics principles into design process from the very beginning (conceptual phase) to solve complex problems in many engineering disciplines. However, its application is till very limited in agricultural sector. This paper provides overview of up-to-date research in virtual ergonomics evaluation technology (through DHM) and its applications in agriculture. Attempt has also been made to highlight future research direction in many areas of agricultural sectors where DHM might contribute potentially for ergonomic interventions to reduce drudgery and chances of errors and accidents. Authors have also identified reasons behind less adoption of this technology in agricultural sectors and tried to highlight strategies to be followed for wide adoption.
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Šetka, Josip, Petra Radeljak Kaufmann, and Luka Valožić. "Modelling land use and land cover changes in the Lower Neretva Region." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 85, no. 1 (2023): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2023.85.01.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been shown that simulation models are reliable tools for predicting land changes, which contributes to better understanding and management of human impact on the environment. Land use and land cover changes in the Lower Neretva Region between 1990 and 2035 have been analysed and modelled in this study. The final simulation model of future changes was created based on cellular automata and artificial neural networks, implemented in the MOLUSCE plugin for QGIS. In addition, a test simulation model for 2020 was created, which showed high accuracy. Input variables for the final simulation model included a digital elevation model (DEM), slope, distance from water bodies, distance from built-up areas, and population density by settlement in 2011 and 2021. According to the results, forests and grasslands will expand and occupy almost 45% of the area. A slight increase in built-up and agricultural areas is expected, while swamps, water bodies, and sparse vegetation areas will decrease.
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Cuthbertson, Patrick, Tobias Ullmann, Christian Büdel, Aristeidis Varis, Abay Namen, Reimar Seltmann, Denné Reed, Zhaken Taimagambetov, and Radu Iovita. "Finding karstic caves and rockshelters in the Inner Asian mountain corridor using predictive modelling and field survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): e0245170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The area of the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor (IAMC) follows the foothills and piedmont zones around the northern limits of Asia’s interior mountains, connecting two important areas for human evolution: the Fergana valley and the Siberian Altai. Prior research has suggested the IAMC may have provided an area of connected refugia from harsh climates during the Pleistocene. To date, this region contains very few secure, dateable Pleistocene sites, but its widely available carbonate units present an opportunity for discovering cave sites, which generally preserve longer sequences and organic remains. Here we present two models for predicting karstic cave and rockshelter features in the Kazakh portion of the IAMC. The 2018 model used a combination of lithological data and unsupervised landform classification, while the 2019 model used feature locations from the results of our 2017–2018 field surveys in a supervised classification using a minimum-distance classifier and morphometric features derived from the ASTER digital elevation model (DEM). We present the results of two seasons of survey using two iterations of the karstic cave models (2018 and 2019), and evaluate their performance during survey. In total, we identified 105 cave and rockshelter features from 2017–2019. We conclude that this model-led approach significantly reduces the target area for foot survey.
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Mohamed, Mohamed Ali. "Classification of Landforms for Digital Soil Mapping in Urban Areas Using LiDAR Data Derived Terrain Attributes: A Case Study from Berlin, Germany." Land 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, a knowledge-based fuzzy classification method was used to classify possible soil-landforms in urban areas based on analysis of morphometric parameters (terrain attributes) derived from digital elevation models (DEMs). A case study in the city area of Berlin was used to compare two different resolution DEMs in terms of their potential to find a specific relationship between landforms, soil types and the suitability of these DEMs for soil mapping. Almost all the topographic parameters were obtained from high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-DEM (1 m) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)-DEM (30 m), which were used as thresholds for the classification of landforms in the selected study area with a total area of about 39.40 km2. The accuracy of both classifications was evaluated by comparing ground point samples as ground truth data with the classification results. The LiDAR-DEM based classification has shown promising results for classification of landforms into geomorphological (sub)categories in urban areas. This is indicated by an acceptable overall accuracy of 93%. While the classification based on ASTER-DEM showed an accuracy of 70%. The coarser ASTER-DEM based classification requires additional and more detailed information directly related to soil-forming factors to extract geomorphological parameters. The importance of using LiDAR-DEM classification was particularly evident when classifying landforms that have narrow spatial extent such as embankments and channel banks or when determining the general accuracy of landform boundaries such as crests and flat lands. However, this LiDAR-DEM classification has shown that there are categories of landforms that received a large proportion of the misclassifications such as terraced land and steep embankments in other parts of the study area due to the increased distance from the major rivers and the complex nature of these landforms. In contrast, the results of the ASTER-DEM based classification have shown that the ASTER-DEM cannot deal with small-scale spatial variation of soil and landforms due to the increasing human impacts on landscapes in urban areas. The application of the approach used to extract terrain parameters from the LiDAR-DEM and their use in classification of landforms has shown that it can support soil surveys that require a lot of time and resources for traditional soil mapping.
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Silva, Joao Pedro Do Nascimento, Maria Isabela Marques da Cunha Bello, Tiago Barbosa Da Silva, and Wesley Michael Pereira Silva. "Simulação de Rompimento da Barragem São Bento do Una através do Software HEC-RAS." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.2.p856-871.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Os danos associados ao rompimento de uma barragem são enormes, e devem ser evitados a todo custo, já que pode causar perdas de vidas humanas. Diversos estudos são realizados antes de sua construção a fim de evitar futuros desastres, dentre eles, destaca-se a determinação das áreas afetadas por um rompimento hipotético da barragem. Este artigo apresenta o resultado da simulação de ruptura da Barragem São Bento do Una, localizada no município de mesmo nome no interior de Pernambuco, por meio do modelo unidimensional de fluxo não permanente. Foi usada como base a geometria da área de estudo, elaborada por meio do software QGIS através da análise dos modelos digitais de terreno, disponibilizados pelo Programa Pernambuco Tridimensional (PE3D), e exportada para o software HEC-RAS. A partir dos resultados, foi determinada a região afetada, a vazão da água e profundidade, e foram criados mapas a fim de contribuir nos estudos para planos de contingência e mitigação de riscos. Verificou-se que o tempo decorrido para que a ruptura atingisse sua geometria final foi de 56 minutos após o início da simulação. A maior vazão de saída do reservatório aconteceu no minuto 56, onde 6672,72 m³/s de água são expelidos para fora do reservatório, diminuindo na medida que o nível d’água se aproxima da cota inferior da brecha de ruptura. O tempo gasto pela água para atingir a cidade de São Bento do Una, situada a cerca de 17 km da barragem, foi de aproximadamente 1 hora e 50 minutos. Palavras-chave: Pernambuco Tridimensional, modelo digital, análise de risco, geoprocessamento. Rupture Simulation of São Bento do Unas’s Dam using HEC-RAS Software A B S T R A C TThe damage associated with dam rupture is enormous, and must be avoided at all costs, as it can cause loss of human life. Therefore, several studies are carried out before its construction in order to avoid future disasters. Among them, we highlight the determination of the areas affected by a hypothetical rupture of the dam. This article presents the result of the simulation of rupture of the São Bento do Una Dam, located in the municipality of the same name in the interior of Pernambuco, using the one-dimensional model of non-permanent flow. The geometry of the study area was used as a basis, elaborated using the QGIS software through the analysis of digital terrain models, made available by the Pernambuco Three-Dimensional Program (PE3D), and exported to the HEC-RAS software. From the results, the affected area, water speed and depth were provided, and then maps were created in order to contribute to studies for contingency plans and risk mitigation. It was found that the elapsed time for the rupture to reach its final geometry was 56 minutes after the start of the simulation. The highest outlet flow from the reservoir occurs in the 56th minute, where 6672.72 m³ / s of water is expelled out of the reservoir, decreasing as the water level approaches the lower level of the breach gap. The time taken by water to reach the city of São Bento do Una, located about 17 km from the dam, was approximately 1 hour and 50 minutes.Keywords: Pernambuco three-dimensional, digital model, risk analysis, geoprocessing.
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Nugraha, MH, Widyantoro Widyantoro, Ajie M. Luthfi, Anes IR, Abd Rohman, and Willy MF. "Digital human modeling (dhm) for computer-aided ergonomics analysis in the horticulture industry." SINTEK JURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/sintek.17.1.44-49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Indonesia, the production of water spinach increased by 9,24% from the last year, which was reasonable because water spinach was one of the most sought-after and popular types of vegetables. The farmers have exposure risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) owing to poor watering of plant workstations using manual methods. This journal aims to explore the application of computer-aided ergonomic analysis and digital human modeling techniques in optimizing the workstations of farmers in water spinach plantations. This paper compares ergonomic scores for body posture farmers before and after improvement. Improvement was done by replacing the manual ball valve with motor operated valve (MOV), controlled (opens and closes) by farmers’ phones. Before and after improvement, body posture farmers are converted to digital human modeling and analyzed by CATIA and RULA analysis tools. The result of this paper comparing before and after improvement results in a percentage reduction in RULA Scores of 75% from a 4 to 1 value.
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Smith, Gregory C., and Shana S. Smith. "Digital human models." International Journal of the Digital Human 1, no. 1 (2015): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdh.2015.067140.
Повний текст джерела
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Pais, Daniel A. M., Paulo R. S. Galrão, Anastasiya Kryzhanska, Jérémie Barbau, Inês A. Isidro, and Paula M. Alves. "Holographic Imaging of Insect Cell Cultures: Online Non-Invasive Monitoring of Adeno-Associated Virus Production and Cell Concentration." Processes 8, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8040487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The insect cell-baculovirus vector system has become one of the favorite platforms for the expression of viral vectors for vaccination and gene therapy purposes. As it is a lytic system, it is essential to balance maximum recombinant product expression with harvest time, minimizing product exposure to detrimental proteases. With this purpose, new bioprocess monitoring solutions are needed to accurately estimate culture progression. Herein, we used online digital holographic microscopy (DHM) to monitor bioreactor cultures of Sf9 insect cells. Batches of baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells producing recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) and non-infected cells were used to evaluate DHM prediction capabilities for viable cell concentration, culture viability and AAV titer. Over 30 cell-related optical attributes were quantified using DHM, followed by a forward stepwise regression to select the most significant (p < 0.05) parameters for each variable. We then applied multiple linear regression to obtain models which were able to predict culture variables with root mean squared errors (RMSE) of 7 × 105 cells/mL, 3% for cell viability and 2 × 103 AAV/cell for 3-fold cross-validation. Overall, this work shows that DHM can be implemented for online monitoring of Sf9 concentration and viability, also permitting to monitor product titer, namely AAV, or culture progression in lytic systems, making it a valuable tool to support the time of harvest decision and for the establishment of controlled feeding strategies.
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Jacobsen, K. "ANALYSIS AND CORRECTION OF SYSTEMATIC HEIGHT MODEL ERRORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-333-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The geometry of digital height models (DHM) determined with optical satellite stereo combinations depends upon the image orientation, influenced by the satellite camera, the system calibration and attitude registration. As standard these days the image orientation is available in form of rational polynomial coefficients (RPC). Usually a bias correction of the RPC based on ground control points is required. In most cases the bias correction requires affine transformation, sometimes only shifts, in image or object space. For some satellites and some cases, as caused by small base length, such an image orientation does not lead to the possible accuracy of height models. As reported e.g. by Yong-hua et al. 2015 and Zhang et al. 2015, especially the Chinese stereo satellite ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) has a limited calibration accuracy and just an attitude recording of 4 Hz which may not be satisfying. Zhang et al. 2015 tried to improve the attitude based on the color sensor bands of ZY-3, but the color images are not always available as also detailed satellite orientation information. There is a tendency of systematic deformation at a Pléiades tri-stereo combination with small base length. The small base length enlarges small systematic errors to object space. But also in some other satellite stereo combinations systematic height model errors have been detected. The largest influence is the not satisfying leveling of height models, but also low frequency height deformations can be seen. <br><br> A tilt of the DHM by theory can be eliminated by ground control points (GCP), but often the GCP accuracy and distribution is not optimal, not allowing a correct leveling of the height model. In addition a model deformation at GCP locations may lead to not optimal DHM leveling. Supported by reference height models better accuracy has been reached. As reference height model the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital surface model (DSM) or the new AW3D30 DSM, based on ALOS PRISM images, are satisfying. They allow the leveling and correction of low frequency height errors and lead to satisfying correction of the DSM based on optical satellite images. <br><br> The potential of DHM generation, influence of systematic model deformation and possibilities of improvement has been investigated.
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Jacobsen, K. "ANALYSIS AND CORRECTION OF SYSTEMATIC HEIGHT MODEL ERRORS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-333-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The geometry of digital height models (DHM) determined with optical satellite stereo combinations depends upon the image orientation, influenced by the satellite camera, the system calibration and attitude registration. As standard these days the image orientation is available in form of rational polynomial coefficients (RPC). Usually a bias correction of the RPC based on ground control points is required. In most cases the bias correction requires affine transformation, sometimes only shifts, in image or object space. For some satellites and some cases, as caused by small base length, such an image orientation does not lead to the possible accuracy of height models. As reported e.g. by Yong-hua et al. 2015 and Zhang et al. 2015, especially the Chinese stereo satellite ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) has a limited calibration accuracy and just an attitude recording of 4 Hz which may not be satisfying. Zhang et al. 2015 tried to improve the attitude based on the color sensor bands of ZY-3, but the color images are not always available as also detailed satellite orientation information. There is a tendency of systematic deformation at a Pléiades tri-stereo combination with small base length. The small base length enlarges small systematic errors to object space. But also in some other satellite stereo combinations systematic height model errors have been detected. The largest influence is the not satisfying leveling of height models, but also low frequency height deformations can be seen. <br><br> A tilt of the DHM by theory can be eliminated by ground control points (GCP), but often the GCP accuracy and distribution is not optimal, not allowing a correct leveling of the height model. In addition a model deformation at GCP locations may lead to not optimal DHM leveling. Supported by reference height models better accuracy has been reached. As reference height model the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital surface model (DSM) or the new AW3D30 DSM, based on ALOS PRISM images, are satisfying. They allow the leveling and correction of low frequency height errors and lead to satisfying correction of the DSM based on optical satellite images. <br><br> The potential of DHM generation, influence of systematic model deformation and possibilities of improvement has been investigated.
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Respati, Sara, and Totok Sulistyo. "THE EFFECT OF THE NUMBER OF INPUTS ON THE SPATIAL INTERPOLATION OF ELEVATION DATA USING IDW AND ANNS." Geodesy and cartography 49, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2023.16591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spatial interpolation is a required method to generate a continuous surface such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM) because field investigation for most of the surface’s part is time-consuming with a high demand in both human resources and monetory cost. One of the most used deterministic interpolation models is Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) model. The model takes several neighbors’ information, and the weights are constructed based on the distance between the interpolated point and the neighbors’ points. From the machine learning model, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) model has also been used for spatial interpolation. The input of ANNs model is also one of the parameters that need to be defined when building the model. This paper evaluated the effect of the number of inputs (neighbors) on the elevation interpolation accuracy. We applied IDW and ANNs to interpolate the elevation of Balikpapan City, Indonesia. The results show that the accuracy increases significantly when the number of inputs is between one and three. However, after three inputs, additional input would not change the accuracy significantly. ANNs performed better than IDW. For three or more inputs, the MAE of ANNs and IDW interpolations are below 1.1 and around 2 meters, respectively.
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Zhong, Cheng, Yiming Bei, Hongliang Gu, and Pengfei Zhang. "Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecosystem Services in the Wanhe Watershed Based on Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov and InVEST Models." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 13302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The evaluation of habitat quality and its genesis is of great significance to ecological protection of the watershed. Based on land use data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and road network data and population data, the Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov model and InVEST model were used to analyzed the land use change in the Wanhe Watershed, predicting the land use in 2025. Based on this, the degree of the habitat degradation and habitat quality in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2025 were predicted and analyzed, and combined with the particularity of the terrain in the study area, the topography was introduced. Landform relief gradient was used to discuss the relationship between habitat quality and topographic factors in the Wanhe Watershed, and to reveal the distribution law. The result shows that from 2000 to 2025, farmland and forestland are the main land use types in the study area, and the main change is due to the expansion of the construction land, whereby the area increased by 62.86 km2, with an increase of 34.41%, mainly from farmland and forestland. From 2000 to 2020, mainly due to the expansion in urban land and the reduction in forestland, the habitat degradation tends to be serious, and the habitat quality generally shows a downward trend, with areas with low habitat quality having had the largest increase from 452.67 km² in 2000 to 526.15 km² in 2025. The topography of the study area affects the distribution of natural landscapes and the intensity of human activities, resulting in significant differences in the landscape pattern of habitat degradation and habitat quality. The western mountains are relatively better. After 2020, due to the implementation of environmental protection policies, the habitat quality has tended to improve. This study can promote the adjustment of land use planning policies in the study area, maintain the biodiversity in the watershed, and realize the coordinated development of environmental benefits and social and economic development. The research results have theoretical significance and practical value for ecological environmental protection and land use layout in Wanhe Watershed.
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Li, Xiaohang, Jianli Ding, Jie Liu, Xiangyu Ge, and Junyong Zhang. "Digital Mapping of Soil Organic Carbon Using Sentinel Series Data: A Case Study of the Ebinur Lake Watershed in Xinjiang." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As an important evaluation index of soil quality, soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in soil health, ecological security, soil material cycle and global climate cycle. The use of multi-source remote sensing on soil organic carbon distribution has a certain auxiliary effect on the study of soil organic carbon storage and the regional ecological cycle. However, the study on SOC distribution in Ebinur Lake Basin in arid and semi-arid regions is limited to the mapping of measured data, and the soil mapping of SOC using remote sensing data needs to be studied. Whether different machine learning methods can improve prediction accuracy in mapping process is less studied in arid areas. Based on that, combined with the proposed problems, this study selected the typical area of the Ebinur Lake Basin in the arid region as the study area, took the sentinel data as the main data source, and used the Sentinel-1A (radar data), the Sentinel-2A and the Sentinel-3A (multispectral data), combined with 16 kinds of DEM derivatives and climate data (annual average temperature MAT, annual average precipitation MAP) as analysis. The five different types of data are reconstructed by spatial data and divided into four spatial resolutions (10, 100, 300, and 500 m). Seven models are constructed and predicted by machine learning methods RF and Cubist. The results show that the prediction accuracy of RF model is better than that of Cubist model, indicating that RF model is more suitable for small areas in arid areas. Among the three data sources, Sentinel-1A has the highest SOC prediction accuracy of 0.391 at 10 m resolution under the RF model. The results of the importance of environmental variables show that the importance of Flow Accumulation is higher in the RF model and the importance of SLOP in the DEM derivative is higher in the Cubist model. In the prediction results, SOC is mainly distributed in oasis and regions with more human activities, while SOC is less distributed in other regions. This study provides a certain reference value for the prediction of small-scale soil organic carbon spatial distribution by means of remote sensing and environmental factors.
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Bernecker, Claudia, Maria Augusta R. B. F. Lima, Catalin D. Ciubotaru, Peter Schlenke, Isabel Dorn, and Dan Cojoc. "Biomechanics of Ex Vivo-Generated Red Blood Cells Investigated by Optical Tweezers and Digital Holographic Microscopy." Cells 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ex vivo-generated red blood cells are a promising resource for future safe blood products, manufactured independently of voluntary blood donations. The physiological process of terminal maturation from spheroid reticulocytes to biconcave erythrocytes has not been accomplished yet. A better biomechanical characterization of cultured red blood cells (cRBCs) will be of utmost interest for manufacturer approval and therapeutic application. Here, we introduce a novel optical tweezer (OT) approach to measure the deformation and elasticity of single cells trapped away from the coverslip. To investigate membrane properties dependent on membrane lipid content, two culture conditions of cRBCs were investigated, cRBCPlasma with plasma and cRBCHPL supplemented with human platelet lysate. Biomechanical characterization of cells under optical forces proves the similar features of native RBCs and cRBCHPL, and different characteristics for cRBCPlasma. To confirm these results, we also applied a second technique, digital holographic microscopy (DHM), for cells laid on the surface. OT and DHM provided related results in terms of cell deformation and membrane fluctuations, allowing a reliable discrimination between cultured and native red blood cells. The two techniques are compared and discussed in terms of application and complementarity.
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Sabrin, Samain, Maryam Karimi, and Rouzbeh Nazari. "Developing Vulnerability Index to Quantify Urban Heat Islands Effects Coupled with Air Pollution: A Case Study of Camden, NJ." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Extreme heat events at urban centers in combination with air pollution pose a serious risk to human health. Among these are financially distressed cities and neighborhoods that are facing enormous challenges without the scientific and technical capacity for planning and mitigation. The city of Camden is one of those economically distressed areas with a predominantly minority population, a high unemployment rate, high poverty rates, and poor air quality (PM2.5 and ozone), and it remains vulnerable to heat events. This paper focuses on studying a coupled effect of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) and Ozone-PM2.5 pollution at the neighborhood-scale in the city of Camden, using fine scale remotely sensed land-surface temperature and air quality data from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modelling System in the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) platform. To assess the impact of urban microclimate on the city of Camden, NJ, residents’ health, we identified several environmental and social parameters as the root causes of vulnerability imposed by extreme-heat and poor air quality. Vulnerability in terms of environment and social wellbeing was spatially quantified as two conceptual vulnerability-index models (i.e., environmental vulnerability index (EVI) and a social vulnerability index (SVI)) using multiple linear regression algorithm. Factors such as remotely sensed earth surface properties, built-environment components, air quality, and socio-economic data were incorporated in a holistic geographic approach to quantify the combined effect. Surface temperature gradient and Proportional Vegetation (Pv) generated from 30 m resolution Landsat 8 were sampled along with other variables in the city of Camden, NJ. Models incorporating Pv suggest better fit than models with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Water fraction (33.5%, 32.4%), percentage imperviousness (32.5%, 32%), Pv (20.5%, 19.6%), and digital elevation model (DEM) (9%, 8%) have the highest contributions in both models. Two output maps identified the vulnerable neighborhoods in the city through comprehensive GIS analysis: Lanning Square, Bergen Square, Central Waterfront, Gateway, Liberty Park, and Parkside. This can provide useful information for planners and health officials in targeting areas for future interventions and mitigations.
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Mohamad, Darliana, Baba Md Deros, Ahmad Rasdan Ismail, Dian Darina Indah Daruis, and Ezrin Hani Sukadarin. "RULA Analysis of Work-Related Disorder among Packaging Industry Worker Using Digital Human Modeling (DHM)." Advanced Engineering Forum 10 (December 2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Musculoskeletal disorder (WMSDs) is the common health problems for the industrial workers. This health problem can contribute to long term effect on the production performance. The objective of this study is to analyze the posture of industrial worker in packaging industry using the RULA assessment in CATIA P3 V5R14 software. The working posture was reconstructed and developed in the CATIA P3 V5R14 software and then RULA assessment was conducted. From the RULA analysis, several awkward postures were detected to be high in risk factors. The postures in risk are postures 1,2 and 5 which mainly involve lifting heavy product and excessive bending. As a conclusion the RULA assessment was able to detect the problematic postures and further improvement can be conducted to avoid discomfort or further health complication.
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Abdel-Aziz, Osama R. "Flood forecasting in Blue Nile basin using a process-based hydrological model." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Predictions of variations in global and regional hydrological cycles and their response to changes in climate and the environment are key problems for future human life. Therefore, basin-scale hydrological forecasts, along with predictions regarding future climate change, are needed in areas with high flood potential. This study forecasts hydrological process scenarios in Blue Nile basin using a distributed hydrological model (DHM) and predicted scenarios of precipitation from two general circulation models, CCSM3 model and Miroc3.2-hires. Firstly, river discharge was simulated by the DHM using the observed rainfall from 1976 to 1979 and then, simulating future precipitations from 2011 to 2040, discharge scenarios were predicted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9938 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 10-21
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Azmoon, Behnam, Aynaz Biniyaz, and Zhen Liu. "Use of High-Resolution Multi-Temporal DEM Data for Landslide Detection." Geosciences 12, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12100378.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Landslides in urban areas have been relatively well-documented in landslide inventories despite issues in accuracy and completeness, e.g., the absence of small landslides. By contrast, less attention has been paid to landslides in sparsely populated areas in terms of their occurrences and locations. This study utilizes high-resolution and LiDAR-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) at two different times for landslide detection to (1) improve the localization and detection accuracies in landslide inventories, (2) minimize human intervention in the landslide detection process, and (3) identify landslides that cannot be easily documented in the current state of the practice. To achieve this goal, multiple preprocessing steps were used to ensure the spatial alignment of the multi-temporal DEMs. Map algebra was then used to calculate the vertical displacement for each cell and create a DEM of Difference (DoD) to obtain a quantitative estimation of ground deformations. Next, the elevation changes were filtered via an appropriate Level of Detection (LoD) threshold to mark potential landslide candidates. The landslide candidates were further assessed with the aid of customized topographic maps as auxiliary data and pattern recognition to distinguish landslides (true positive changes) from construction, erosion, and deposition (false positives). The results from the proposed method were compared with existing landslide inventories and reports to evaluate its performance. The new method was also validated with temporal high-resolution Google Earth images. The results showed the successful application of the method in landslide detection and mapping. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed method provides a semi-automatic way to obtain landslide inventories with publicly available yet lowly utilized DEM data, which can be valuable in preliminary analysis for landslide detection.