Дисертації з теми "Diffusion isotopique"
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Jasnin, Marion. "La dynamique intracellulaire explorée par marquage isotopique et diffusion incohérente de neutrons." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342416.
Повний текст джерелаLes mouvements diffusifs de l'eau ont été explorés dans le cytoplasme d'E. coli. L'étude a établi que la diffusion de l'eau intracellulaire est similaire à celle de l'eau pure, à température physiologique. Ce travail infirme le paradigme établi, selon lequel l'eau cellulaire est fortement ralentie par l'encombrement macromoléculaire.
Les mouvements moléculaires internes et la diffusion globale des macromolécules ont été étudiés in vivo. Les résultats montrent que la proportion d'eau intracellulaire est un facteur déterminant dans la dynamique interne des macromolécules in vivo. L'encombrement macromoléculaire atténue cependant l'effet lubrifiant de l'eau sur les mouvements moléculaires internes. L'étude témoigne du fait que les échantillons standards (poudres et solutions) ne miment pas l'environnement physiologique.
L'effet isotopique du solvant et l'influence de la deutériation sur la dynamique macromoléculaire moyenne, ont été explorés in vivo. Les macromolécules natives sont moins flexibles et moins résilientes en D2O. La deutériation augmente légèrement la flexibilité structurale et diminue faiblement la résilience, ce qui suggère que l'utilisation du marquage isotopique est justifiée pour les études dynamiques.
Ce travail souligne l'importance du contrôle négatif lors des mesures sur des échantillons sélectivement marqués et montre qu'un taux de marquage conséquent (> 10 %) est nécessaire pour observer la dynamique d'un composant spécifique.
Mas, Jacky. "Amélioration de la résolution et correction de la diffusion Compton en imagerie isotopique." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2047.
Повний текст джерелаDenux, Francis. "Diffusion du signal isotopique dans le névé et dans la glace : Implication pour l'échantillonnage." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10254.
Повний текст джерелаRéat, Valérie. "Étude de la dynamique fonctionnelle de la bactériorhodopsine par diffusion incohérente de neutrons et marquage isotopique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10044.
Повний текст джерелаLehnert, Ursula. "Effet de l'hydratation sur les mouvements thermiques locaux de la membrane pourpre étudié par diffusion neutronique et marquage isotopique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10031.
Повний текст джерелаRebière, Yvon. "Analyse des émissions secondaires d'un cristal isotopique mixte et de leurs corrélations à la diffusion excitonique dans un système tridimensionnel." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10516.
Повний текст джерелаRebière, Yvon. "Analyse des émissions secondaires d'un cristal isotopique mixte et de leurs corrélations à la diffusion excitonique dans un système aléatoire tridimensionnel." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595118m.
Повний текст джерелаCavillon, Fabrice. "Caractérisation de la liaison hydrogène dans des systèmes moléculaires d'intérêt biologique par diffusion de neutrons." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-155-156.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWood, Kathleen. "Etude de l'hétérogénéité dynamique de la membrane pourpre par marquage isotopique, diffusions de neutrons et simulations de dynamique moléculaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10030.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis characterises the dynamical heterogeneity of the purple membrane (PM) on the ps-ns timescale, using a unique combination of hydrogen/deuterium labelling, elastic incoherente neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. A key component of any biological system is its hydration water, and in a first experimental study, the dynamical coupling between PM and the layers of water directly in contact with the membrane was characterised. The dynamical transition at 250 K in PM was found to be triggered when the water's mean square displacements are the same as those as the membrane, but surprisingly, that a 200 K transition in the water has no impact on the membrane dynamics. The dynamics of specific residues in PM was also examined. Neutron scattering data revealed dynamical differences between isoleucine, leucine and lysine residues on the ps-ns timescale. There differences are discussed as a function of residue type and environment within the membrane, and shed light on the nature of the dynamical transition. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed which show that while the dynamics of isoleucine and leucine residues are well represented by usual force fields, that of lysine residues is not, perhaps because of their more complex interaction with hydration water
Cavillon, François. "Caractérisation de la liaison hydrogène dans des systèmes moléculaires d'intérêt biologique par diffusion de neutrons." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00286946.
Повний текст джерелаChetroiu, Bogdan-Adrian. "Corrosion sous contrainte de l'alliage 600 en millieu primaire des REP : étude de la diffusion du chrome." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0008/document.
Повний текст джерелаAlloy 600 (Ni-15%Cr-10%Fe) is known to be susceptible to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in primary water of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). Recent studies have shown that chromium diffusion is a controlling rate step in the comprehension of SCC mechanism. In order to improve the understanding and the modelling of SCC of Alloy 600 in PWR primary medium the aim of this study was to collect data on kinetics diffusion of chromium. Volume and grain boundary diffusion of chromium in pure nickel and Alloy 600 (mono and poly-crystals) has been measured in the temperature range 678 K to 1060 K by using Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and Glow Discharge-Optical Spectrometry (GD-OES) techniques. A particular emphasis has been dedicated to the influence of plastic deformation on chromium diffusion in nickel single crystals (orientated <101>) for different metallurgical states. The experimental tests were carried out in order to compare the chromium diffusion coefficients in free lattice (not deformed), in pre-hardening specimens (4% and 20%) and in dynamic deformed tensile specimens at 773 K. It has been found that chromium diffusivity measured in dynamic plastic deformed creep specimens were six orders of magnitude greater than those obtained in not deformed or pre-hardening specimens. The enhancement of chromium diffusivity can be attributed to the presence of moving dislocations generated during plastic deformation
Le, Roux Véronique. "Interactions magma-roche et déformation en présence de magmas dans les péridotites de Lherz : implications pour l'évolution structurale, chimique et isotopique du manteau lithosphérique." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20113.
Повний текст джерелаKara, Sami. "Quantification des fractionnements physiques affectant le gaz naturel lors de sa migration dans les systèmes pétroliers : la modélisation du transport du méthane et du dioxyde de carbone par solubilisation/diffusion dans les milieux poreux." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066465.
Повний текст джерелаBOURGEOIS, CHARIGOT MARIE-THERESE. "Diffusion raman resonnante et structure des etats moleculaires excites." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIMS013.
Повний текст джерелаSakr, Georges. "Etude par cathodoluminescence de la diffusion et du confinement des excitons dans des hétérostructures ZnO/ZnMgO et diamant 12C/13C." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS011V/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on the determination of the carrier diffusion length in two wide bandgap semiconductors: the ternary alloy ZnMgO and diamond. This determination has been achieved by using of ZnMgO/ZnO/ZnMgO and 13C/12C/13C heterostructures containing ZnO or 12C collecting wells. Their transverse section was scanned by CL spectroscopy with a nanometer scale resolution in excitation. The effective excess carrier diffusion length is deduced from the evolution of the well emission intensity with the distance between the excitation impact and the well.In ZnMgO, the value at 300 K is 55 nm, obtained from a cleaved cross section. It is close to the bulk material diffusion and is attributed to a mixed diffusion of excitons/free carriers. A decrease of down to 8 nm is observed in the thinnest portions of cross sections shaped by focused ion beam (FIB). This effect is attributed to non-radiative surface recombinations. These thin slabs appear of great interest to enhance the spatial resolution of CL images.In diamond, the exciton diffusion at 20 K exhibits a slight dependence on the incident electron energy. This indicates that the exciton diffusion length is around 15 µm in 13C bulk diamond. The values decrease down to 3.3 µm at 118 K.Finally, we highlighted the formation of polyexcitons in diamond by increasing the electron-hole pairs density either by the excitation power, or by the spatial confinement of excitons in thin 12C wells
Dumerval, Marie. "Effet des défauts d'implantation sur la corrosion des aciers inoxydables austénitiques en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI046/document.
Повний текст джерелаInternal parts of pressurized water reactor (PWR) vessels are often made of austenitic stainless steels (304L and 316L). These structural materials are exposed to an oxidizing medium under irradiation and mechanical stresses. Under these conditions, they can suffer damages by IASCC (Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking). The first step in this cracking phenomenon is the initiation, which implies the breakdown of the passive layer. The nature and the structure of the oxide film formed on these steels are key factors in initiation of IASCC cracks. In this context, the objective of this work is first to better understand the oxidation mechanisms of stainless steels in primary medium and second to study the effects of irradiation induced defects on the oxide film formed on stainless steels in primary medium. Xenon ions and protons, were implanted in 316L-type austenitic stainless steel samples, respectively at an energy of 240 and 230 keV in order to simulate the irradiation defects. Implanted and non-implanted samples were exposed in a corrosion loop at 325°C to an aqueous medium containing 1000 ppm of boron, 2 ppm of lithium and 1,19.10-3 mol.L-1 of dissolved hydrogen. The samples were analyzed by TEM before and after exposure to primary medium in order to characterize both the defects generated by the implantation and the nature, structure, and morphology of the formed oxide. Comparing implanted and non-implanted samples has shown that the nature and the density of defects in the alloy subsurface played an important role on the composition (mainly on the content of Cr and Mo) and on the thickness of the inner layer. The study of the oxidation kinetics by coupling two ion beam analysis techniques (NRA and RBS) has revealed different behavior between the two types of samples: non-implanted and implanted. Tracer experiments (using D and 18O) were conducted to study the growth mechanism of the inner oxide layer and the associated transport mechanisms. The study of the oxygen and hydrogen transport through the inner layer and the underlying alloy, by SIMS and GD-OES, has resulted in writing a corrosion mechanism for austenitic stainless steels exposed to primary medium and linking this mechanism to hydrogen absorption in the alloy. Furthermore, the impact of implantation defects on these transport phenomena has been studied, highlighting the role of defects on oxide layer properties generating modification of the oxygen transport in the oxide scale. These results have helped to shed some light on the mechanism and kinetics involved in the formation of the oxide layer and on the hydrogen absorption in austenitic stainless steels exposed to primary medium and to point out the effect of implantation defects on the oxidation processes
Alikhani, Mohammad Esmaïl. "Etude par spectroscopie de diffusion raman du piegeage de trois especes isotopiques de dihydrogene en matrice de gaz rares et d'azote : interpretation theorique des perturbations spectrales observees dans les gaz rares." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066015.
Повний текст джерелаThomaidis, Konstantinos. "Do mantle xenoliths preserve water signature from the lithospheric mantle and how ? : An analytical, experimental and numerical approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR008.
Повний текст джерелаWater in the form of hydrous point defects in the crystal structure of pyroxenes (pxs) from mantle xenoliths is frequently used to trace the water content in the lithospheric mantle. However, little is known on the mechanism that allows xenoliths to preserve deep hydrogen (H) signatures and if we can avoid complete or partial reset by reaction with the host magma during transport. Especially, it is unknown: 1) how much water content of xenoliths is modified by the eruption mode (effusive versus explosive) and during lava emplacement 2) how grain boundaries (gb) can affect H exchange in the xenolith with the surrounding melt. The aim of this thesis is to provide better understanding on these two aspects of the preservation of water signature in mantle xenoliths. The first question is approached through an analytical study of peridotite xenoliths from two localities in the French Massif Central, Allègre and Ray Pic. We performed around 1000 FTIR point analysis and profile measurements in ol, cpx and opx crystals derived from 16 xenoliths collected on both localities. The two localities have different lava flow structures, Allègre is a frozen lava lake and has a vertical structure while Ray Pic basaltic lava flow is a typical elongated/horizontally one. In Allègre, we studied xenoliths from different heights in the 30 m lava body. In Ray Pic we sampled xenoliths along the 20 km lava flow and in a pyroclastic deposit at the volcanic edifice. Both studies show that there is no evidence that cooling and solidification of basaltic flows affect the total water content of pxs in mantle xenoliths. However, the comparison of the xenoliths from the pyroclastic deposit and the lava flow at Ray Pic shows that the water concentration is strongly affected by the degree of degassing of the magma prior the eruption. In addition, xenoliths with different spectral signatures of pxs coexist with the same lava flow suggesting that the emplacement and degassing does not affect spectral signatures, suggesting that they may preserve signatures acquired earlier.For the second question, we concentrated on the study of the role of gb on the H isotopic exchange of the xenoliths with its surrounding. We used a combine experimental and numerical approach. In our experimental approach, we present results from hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments performed in cm-size cubic pieces of a natural xenolith, a spinel lherzolite aggregate. Experiments were performed between 600-900oC in a deuterium (D) enriched gas, at room pressure. We used single crystals of opx from the same xenolith, as sensors of the progress of the exchange within the polycrystalline aggregates. We compared diffusion profiles measured in single crystals and opx located at the edge of the cubes with diffusion profiles in opx inside the cubes, not directly in contact with the gas. Diffusion profiles were analysed through a 2D numerical modelling software (Idefick). Our H-D diffusion laws for intra-crystalline diffusion in mantle opx are slightly slower but comparable to the ones in literature for synthetic pure enstatite. OH-OD profiles recorded by FTIR in opx inside the cubes are only moderately shorter than the ones recorded in opx at the edge of the cubes (i.e. apparent diffusion inside the cubes are only moderately slower). These results indicate that the isotopic diffusion of H in gb is fast enough to equilibrate rapidly the opx crystals inside the cube xenoliths. It shows that grain boundary diffusion involving H-D exchange in xenoliths is at least 3 orders of magnitude faster than intra-crystalline diffusion in opx. This can be a first-evidence that in nature the δD signature of xenoliths is very likely controlled by the equilibrium with the host magma even in the case of xenoliths with large grain size. It provides explanation why pxs from most mantle xenoliths have depleted δD signatures. These rather reflect equilibrium with a degassed magma than an original mantle signature
Menelle, Alain. "Determination experimentale de l'ordre local dans le silicium amorphe hydrogene : diffusion des neutrons, exafs au seuil k de silicium." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066521.
Повний текст джерелаBoehm, Emmanuelle. "Les nickelates A2MO4+ð, nouveaux matériaux de cathode pour piles à combustible SOFC moyenne température." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640152.
Повний текст джерелаFoucat, Loïc. "Etude par rmn de la dynamique rotationnelle du malononitrile." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066377.
Повний текст джерелаAudinot, Jean-Nicolas. "Sur de nouveaux oxydes conducteurs mixtes pour cathodes de piles à combustible SOFC." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733738.
Повний текст джерелаRossi, François-Noël. "Etude théorique des collisions non réactives entre atomes alcalins et molécules d'hydrogène ou de deuterium : Calcul et analyse des surfaces de potentiel, application aux transitions de structure fine du rubidium." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA132015.
Повний текст джерелаAlikhani, Mohammad Esmaïl. "Etude par spectroscopie de diffusion Raman du piègeage de trois espèces isotopiques de dihydrogène en matrice de gaz rares et d'azote interprétation théorique des perturbations spectrales observées dans les gaz rares /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376112022.
Повний текст джерелаHannaoui, Rachid. "Simulation par Dynamique Moléculaire des Propriétés de Transport (Masse et Chaleur) de Fluides Confinés." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3010/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to study how a fluid confined in a low permeability porous medium (micro- and meso-porous) behaves concerning its properties of mass diffusion, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion. For this purpose, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on simple binary mixtures placed in various thermodynamic conditions, confined in a porous medium of lamellar geometry of different types (structure-less or atomistic, more or less adsorbent) in __//_ and grand canonical ensembles. The results show that the effects of porous medium on transport properties are more pronounced when the pore size is small, the adsorption is strong and the temperature is low. The results allowed to evaluate these effects quantitatively. In addition, it has been found that the wall roughness has a major impact on the mass diffusion coefficient and a non negligible one on the thermal diffusion coefficient
Cherni, Afef. "Méthodes modernes d'analyse de données en biophysique analytique : résolution des problèmes inverses en RMN DOSY et SM." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ055/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at proposing new approaches to solve the inverse problem in biophysics. Firstly, we study the DOSY NMR experiment: a new hybrid regularization approach has been proposed with a novel PALMA algorithm (http://palma.labo.igbmc.fr/). This algorithm ensures the efficient analysis of real DOSY data with a high precision for all different type. In a second time, we study the mass spectrometry application. We have proposed a new dictionary based approach dedicated to proteomic analysis using the averagine model and the constrained minimization approach associated with a sparsity inducing penalty. In order to improve the accuracy of the information, we proposed a new SPOQ method based on a new penalization, solved with a new Forward-Backward algorithm with a variable metric locally adjusted. All our algorithms benefit from sounded convergence guarantees, and have been validated experimentally on synthetics and real data