Дисертації з теми "DIffusion de rayons X aux Petits Angles"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "DIffusion de rayons X aux Petits Angles".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Mannix, Oonagh. "Etude de complexes de nanoparticules et polysaccharides par diffusion de rayons X aux petits angles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV068.
Повний текст джерелаThe macroscopic properties and long-term stability of a colloidal suspension are controlled by its microstructure. Inter-particle interactions determine the microstructure and dynamics of the system. Colloidal systems are often metastable and so the inter-particle correlations can change with time (and so change the microstructure, and macroscopic properties of the system). As smaller colloidal particles can be used to form larger structures with different properties it is necessary to examine a system across various size scales.In this PhD thesis a combination of small and ultra-small angle x-ray scattering (U)SAXS and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) techniques are used to investigate colloidal complexation across both time and space. Spatial scales from nanometers (si{nanometre}) to microns (si{micrometre}) and time scales from milliseconds (si{millisecond}) to months were examined to elucidate the formation pathway and structural evolution of the complexes. To uncover general mechanisms of broad relevance this work uses technical-grade, non-ideal materials. The study is on the complexation of silica nanoparticles and chitosan, a bio-sourced, cationic polysaccharide.First, a new description for scattering data of polydisperse silica nanoparticles using a fractal model is employed. An investigation into the small-angle scattering of chitosan by neutrons and x-rays, and static light scattering reveals significant differences that are not readily explained. The investigation of nanoparticle and polysaccharide complexes uses kinetic SAXS measurements to study the formation pathways of the complexes, with rapid mixing experiments to access shorter times (stopped-flow apparatus). Combined USAXS and SAXS data are analysed to provide information on the complex structure within a state diagram. Salt was removed from the system using dialysis, and the subsequent behaviour of the system was investigated. It was found that the behaviour of the dialysed system differed to the behaviour of the non-dialysed system over long timescales. In the dialysed system the growth of crystallites of colloidal silica was observed. These results, along with an investigation into the temperature dependency of the system lead to some understanding of the microstructure of this type of colloidal complex
Dufaye, Maxime. "Synthèses, caractérisations et cristallochimie de polyoxométallates incorporant des actinides et des lanthanides comme simulants d’actinides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R036/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe research of molecules for the extraction and stabilization of actinides is a key topic in the field of chemistry related to the reprocessing of spent fuels in the nuclear industry. Among the chemical species, vacant polyoxometalates, owing to their modular structural properties and high nucleophilia, are good candidates for the complexation of metal cations. In this context, the association of trivacant polyoxotungstates with tetravalent and hexavalent actinides (thorium(IV), uranium(IV and VI)) and lanthanides considered as minor actinide simulants was investigated. The studies concerned the reactivity of trivacant precursors {SiW9O34}, {AsIIIW9O33}, {AsVW9O34} and {PW9O34} with 4f elements (Ce(IV)) and 5f (Th(IV), (U(VI)), which resulted in the complexation of hexanuclear clusters {Ce6O8} or polyanionic systems incorporating up to 12 actinides Th(IV) or U(VI) centers. Cryptand species {As4W40O140} and {P8W48O184} have encapsulated up to 4 uranium(IV) cations or 7.2 uranyl cations per molecule respectively. The third cryptant tested {Na2Sb8W36O132(H2O)4} did not allow actinide complexation. It nevertheless reorganizes, forming a polyanionic entity containing the species {SbW10O37} and {SbW8O31} during the reaction with trivalent lanthanides (Gd --> Lu). A total of 23 crystallized compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The various molecular assemblies have been subjected to physico-chemical characterizations (IR, TGA). Their stability, particularly in aqueous solution, has been demonstrated by X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Sbai, Ali. "Analyse et simulations par ordinateur de la microstructure des craquelures et de leur diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=840.
Повний текст джерелаJalal, Noureddine. "Etude des agregats formes par neutralisation des chaines monocarboxylees par : diffusion aux petits angles des neutrons et des rayons x." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13137.
Повний текст джерелаEGEA, PASCAL. "Etudes structurales des recepteurs nucleaires des retinoides : rxr et rar par diffusion aux petits angles et cristallographie des rayons x." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13131.
Повний текст джерелаJalal, Noureddine. "Etude des agrégats formés par neutralisation des chaînes monocarboxylées, par diffusion aux petits angles des neutrons et des rayons X." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614476w.
Повний текст джерелаDufour, Catherine. "Etude des propriétés structurales et magnétiques de multicouches Fe/Si par spectroscopie Mössbauer et diffusion aux petits angles de R. X. Et de neutrons polarisés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL005N.
Повний текст джерелаQuienne, Pascale. "Mécanisme de coagulation-floculation de la silice colloi͏̈dale par les hydroxydes de fer : étude par diffusion aux petits angles des rayons X." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2024.
Повний текст джерелаLours, Thierry. "Etude structurale de la transformation sol-gel : caractérisation des aérogels et étude de leur densification par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20012.
Повний текст джерелаFouilloux, Sarah. "Nanoparticules et microfluidique pour un système modèle d'émulsions de Pickering. Etude des mécanismes de stabilisation et déstabilisation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628612.
Повний текст джерелаDufaye, Maxime. "Synthèses, caractérisations et cristallochimie de polyoxométallates incorporant des actinides et des lanthanides comme simulants d’actinides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR036.
Повний текст джерелаThe research of molecules for the extraction and stabilization of actinides is a key topic in the field of chemistry related to the reprocessing of spent fuels in the nuclear industry. Among the chemical species, vacant polyoxometalates, owing to their modular structural properties and high nucleophilia, are good candidates for the complexation of metal cations. In this context, the association of trivacant polyoxotungstates with tetravalent and hexavalent actinides (thorium(IV), uranium(IV and VI)) and lanthanides considered as minor actinide simulants was investigated. The studies concerned the reactivity of trivacant precursors {SiW9O34}, {AsIIIW9O33}, {AsVW9O34} and {PW9O34} with 4f elements (Ce(IV)) and 5f (Th(IV), (U(VI)), which resulted in the complexation of hexanuclear clusters {Ce6O8} or polyanionic systems incorporating up to 12 actinides Th(IV) or U(VI) centers. Cryptand species {As4W40O140} and {P8W48O184} have encapsulated up to 4 uranium(IV) cations or 7.2 uranyl cations per molecule respectively. The third cryptant tested {Na2Sb8W36O132(H2O)4} did not allow actinide complexation. It nevertheless reorganizes, forming a polyanionic entity containing the species {SbW10O37} and {SbW8O31} during the reaction with trivalent lanthanides (Gd --> Lu). A total of 23 crystallized compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The various molecular assemblies have been subjected to physico-chemical characterizations (IR, TGA). Their stability, particularly in aqueous solution, has been demonstrated by X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Belhoucine, Mohammed. "Etude de la morphologie de blocks copolymères Polyamide polyéthers, par diffusion de rayons X, aux petits et grands angles et par microscopie électronique à transmission." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F128.
Повний текст джерелаFINET, STEPHANIE. "Interactions entre proteines en solution : etude par diffusion des rayons x aux petits angles du lysozyme et des proteines du cristallin ; application a la cristallisation." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066190.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Cheikh Larbi Fadhel. "Etude par émission de fluorescence et par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles de la séparation de phases dans les mélanges polystyrène-poly (vinylméthyléther)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602826r.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Qiang. "Chain conformation of cellulose, a sustainable biopolymer, and its derivatives in ionic liquid studied by small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF075.
Повний текст джерелаCellulose, a renewable bio-polymer, can replace non-biodegradable materials in various technological applications. Industrially, it is first dissolved, then processed (e.g. by spinning), and finally “regenerated” (recrystallization by adding water). However, dissolution from the very stable crystal structure requires harsh, pollutant solvents for individual chains to stay in solution. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as non - polluting effective solvents. This thesis aims at the dissolution process and dissolved state checking how the two selected ILs are successful solvents, which is controversial. Our approach is to study structure and conformation of cellulose chains by X-Ray and neutron scattering, which are very weak (< 1 cm⁻¹), due to the small volume of the thin rod, the low contrast and difficult to measure due to high sensitivity to water. Chapter 1 summarizes the state of the art on solutions of cellulose in different widely industrially used solvents, in ionic liquids, and in scattering studies, light, X-rays and neutrons, showing various states of dispersion. Chapter 2 presents the preparation of the samples and the techniques. Chapter 3 reports Small Angle X rays Scattering (SAXS) studies, using high flux and narrow beam synchrotron spectrometers. We first monitored MicroCrystalline Cellulose (MCC, Degree of Polymerisation DP ≈ 200 units) in two Butyl-methyl-imidazolium based ILs: acetate (BmimAc), or Chloride (BmimCl). Different regimes are assumed from rheological studies. -In the dilute regime (0.005 – 0.02 g/g). Scattering is fitted to the form factor P(q) of a rod-like chain, surrounded by a shell of density different from the one of the solvent, with possibly a large persistence length (> 7 nm). -For larger concentrations, in yet well dissolved cases, a structure factor unveils soft interchain repulsions, without strong alignment. -At higher concentration, the scattering suggests a liquid-liquid phase separation -Finally, at the highest concentrations, non-dissolved crystals are detected at large q (WAXS), a great advantage of our technique. The coexistence with crystals was also investigated during swelling in nanocellulose crystals films or fibers, through narrow beam scanning of a concentration gradient. The effect of a small percentage of added water was tested, the IL good solvents for cellulose being quite hygroscopic. Above a few per cent of water, much stronger scattering suggests strong concentration fluctuations, or biphasic structure, useful to understand the first stages of the “regeneration” (recrystallization) step performed by adding water, to obtain the final products. Cellulose of other origin and similarly small molecular weights (in rayon, and CNC), superimpose their scattering on the one of MCC. Bacterial cellulose scattering superposes only at large q (hence a complete identity at local scale), but shows an additional strong low q upturn, due to independent aggregates. This opens the way to neutron scattering experiments using deuteriated cellulose, which is available only in a bacterial form. Chapter 4 reports the measurements of: -Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) shows for low concentrations a profile similar to SAXS, allowing a complementary evaluation of the Scattering Length Density of cellulose. Using extrapolation at Zero Deuteriated Cellulose Fraction, we attempted the extraction of the intrachain function S₁(q)~P(q), the interchain function S₂(q). Difficulties appeared at low q due to the strong upturn, while high q showed agreement with the SAXS measurement of the form factor below c*. -Wide Angle Neutron Scattering (WANS) was used to track the correlations at short scale. Different solvents were used in which either the Bmim cation, or the anion Ac, or both, were deuteriated using our own synthesis processes. Comparisons enable us to discuss about possible absorption of the acetate anions on the cellulose chains
MANGENOT, Stephanie. "Conformation, inetraction et organisation des particles coeur de nucleosome." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002115.
Повний текст джерелаGallois, Charlotte. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques de suspensions de boehmite. Application aux supports catalytiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066553/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the catalyst supports industry, one important step of alumina powder production is the spray-drying of boehmite suspensions. This aluminium oxyhydroxyde is often used as precursor for various types of alumina catalyst supports. Boehmite is composed of anisotropic particles bearing an electric charge. In the past decade, it has been shown that the properties of the dry powder depend not only on the drying conditions but on physico-chemical properties of the sprayed suspensions. For instance, different grains morphologies (doughnut-shaped grains, hollow spheres,…) as well as various dry grains properties (textural properties, mechanical resistance,…) may be obtained by tuning the physico-chemical properties of the suspension.This study focus on the understanding of the links between the physico-chemical properties of suspensions of two industrial boehmites and the characteristics of the final dry grain. Since these two boehmites were not well-known, the first step of the study was to characterize boehmite particles present in suspension thanks to a multi-technical approach. A rheological study was performed on boehmite suspensions obtained thanks to osmotic stress to build precisely the phase diagrams of the both boehmites according to the system of ionic strength vs. volume fraction. Small angle X ray scattering and dynamic light scattering were used to investigate the existence of an orientational order of boehmite particles in suspension. Finally, drying experiments of boehmite suspensions were conducted on an optical set-up and on fast micro-tomography X, to examine the impact of both concentration and ionic strength on the evolution of the droplet during drying
Roblin, Pierre. "Caractérisation structurale de la polykétide synthase pks13 de mycobactérium tuberculosis : étude structurale des composés S et F de la gamma-hémolysine de staphylococcus aureus sous forme d'hétérodimère covalent." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30297.
Повний текст джерелаTuberculosis is now the principle cause of death due to a single infectious agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Mycolic acids are essential lipids of the mycobacteria cell wall. Their relative abundance and their hydrophobic nature gives the envelope a strong impermeability, thus protecting the mycobacterium from the external environment. As Pks13 enzyme is involved in the last stage of mycolic acids biosynthesis, this inactivation affects directly the integrity of the envelope and to the survival of the mycobacteria. Pks13 is a large protein (186 kDa), consisting of five catalytic domains located on the same polypeptide chain and connected each other by loops of varying length. No structure of a type PKS I has yet been established. However, low-resolution structures of two bacterial similar systems (FAS) have recently been determined and high-resolution structures of homologues domains are known. The manuscript of the thesis contents the work carried out on a number of fragments Pks13, showing their production and purification and their biophysical characterization solution and the crystal genesis. .
Ben, Cheikh Larbi Fadhel. "Étude par émission de fluorescence et par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles de la cinétique de séparation de phases dans les mélanges polystyrène-poly (vinylmethylether)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112125.
Повний текст джерелаFay, Hélène. "Films Lubrifiants Supramoléculaires Organisés : de la Microstructure aux Propriétés Tribologiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715178.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Maire-Coirier Albane. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine KIN17 humaine." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361216.
Повний текст джерелаLemoine, Asseline. "Organisation et ségrégation lors de la formation de nanoalliages d'AgCo étudiés par diffusion aux petits et aux grands angles et effet anomal." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2067/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to study the role of size, composition and growth kinetic conditions on the morphology, the structure and the chemical configuration of AgCo bimetallic supported nanoparticles. Thus, in-situ and in real-time anomalous grazing incidence small and wide angle X-ray scattering measurements were performed during AgCo nanoparticles growth. Two types of growth conditions were studied : simultaneous or successive deposition of the two metals. Samples were also annealed to study the stability of the structures observed at room temperature, and to investigate if structural transitions occur due to thermal activation. For all kind of deposition modes, the nanoparticles (in a size range between 2 and 7 nm) exhibit a segregated chemical configuration. For the deposition of Co followed by Ag deposition, the nanoparticles are constituted of one (or several) Ag domain(s) juxtaposed with a Co domain, whereas for Ag deposition followed by Co deposition, the nanoparticles present a (Co-Ag) core-shell configuration. For simultaneous depositions and Ag poor compositions (< or =20%), the core-shell configuration is obtained. For richer compositions, the multidomain configuration is observed. Whatever the initial configuration, annealing leads to a phase separation of the two metals towards Janus particles and some structural reorganizations occur
Brisard, Sébastien. "Analyse morphologique et homogénéisation numérique : application à la pâte de ciment." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00617356.
Повний текст джерелаBEN, AZOUZ ISSAM. "Etude par diffusion de rayonx x aux petits angles de la structure et de la reactivite d'une microemulsion utilisee en extraction liquide-liquide." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066026.
Повний текст джерелаLerche, Michael. "Elucidating the activation mechanism of the transcription factor DntR using X-ray crystallography and small angle X- ray scattering." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV013/document.
Повний текст джерелаLysR type transcriptional regulatory (LTTR) proteins are the largest family of transcription factors amongst prokaryotes. In spite of the size of the family, structural information on full-length constructs of these proteins is very limited as they are often insoluble and very difficult to crystallize. From the few existing crystal structures, coupled with other biophysical evidence, it is known that the proteins mainly associate as homotetramers comprising a dimer of dimers. The dimers associate through large C-terminal domains in a “head-to-tail” fashion and are connected “head-to-head” through their N-terminal domains and the resulting homotetramers are activated by the binding of inducer molecules. Each C-terminal domain contain an inducer binding cavity (IBC) and is denoted an inducer binding domain (IBD), while the N-terminal dimers each bind a region of DNA via a winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) motif.Unlike other transcription factors, LTTR proteins do not regulate expression by associating or disassociating with DNA. They bind to DNA in both their active and inactive states and the current consensus is that they regulate gene expression through large conformational changes that relax the bending of bound DNA. However, to this date, no crystal structures of a full length homotetrameric LTTR in both an active and inactive conformation exists, and thus their mechanism of transcriptional regulation remains structurally uncharacterized.The work described in this thesis has used the LTTR DntR as a model protein to futher structurally characterizes the activation mechanism of LTTR proteins. The first crystal structure of apo-DntR is presented as is the crystal structure of H169TDntR, a mutant which shows activity in the absence of an inducer molecule. Thermofluor assays performed on this mutant, show that it has a melting temperature similar to that of inducer bound DntR. Comparison of these crystal structures with the crystal structure of salicylate-bound DntR reveals that the protein in its apo-state adopts a compact IBC, which precludes the binding of an inducer molecule. Despite the evidence of thermofluor assays, the crystal structure of H169TDntR is very similar to that of apo-DntR suggesting that crystal packing effects impose strong limitations on the use of crystallography to elucidate the active and inactive conformations of DntR. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) was thus used to study the structure of DntR in solution.SAXS study reveals that in solution DntR in its inactive apo-state is found in a slightly different conformation compared to that seen in its crystal structure. While maintaining a compact tetrameric C-terminal core the DNA binding wHTH dimers pack much closer to this than seen in the crystal structure and adopt a conformation that would result in much higher bending of bound DNA than previously postulated.SAXS studies of the constitutively active H169TDntR mutant confirm, as thermofluor assays had suggested, that in solution the structure of this protein is markedly different from its crystal structure. Indeed the solution structure of H169TDntR appears very like that of open-form homotetramers seen in the crystal structure of TsaR. This same effect was observed in solution scattering studies of inducer bound-and thus activated, DntR.The work presented in this thesis thus appears to confirm, as previously hypothesized, that upon activation DntR, and presumably all homotetrameric LTTRs, undergo a conformational change from a compact, to a much more open form that allows the relaxation of the bound DNA promoter region, exposing it to solvent and allows RNA polymerase access and thus initiate transcription
Destremaut, Fanny. "Microfluidique et diffusion de rayonnements : des outils pour l'étude cinétique de la polycondensation du silicate." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13776/document.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract
Moussa, Ragueh Deka. "Filtration de silices précipitées : mise en évidence des relations entre propriétés macroscopiques et échelles locales caractéristiques dans les dépôts." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1540/.
Повний текст джерелаThe production process of precipitated silica used as reinforcing fillers includes a filtration step carried out to collect silica agglomerates in the synthesized silica dispersion and then to eliminate salts and impurities before drying. The purpose of this study is to correlate the multilevel structure of silica agglomerates to the mechanical and hydrodynamic properties of filter cakes with or without a washing step. For that, we have chosen different reinforcing silicas which differ from the way the synthesis is conducted and conducted the filtration at several operating pressures. The structural, mechanical and hydrodynamic properties of filter cakes were investigated by small angle scattering, osmotic compression and filtration and washing experiments. It appears that for each system two characteristic quantities: the maximum diameter of aggregates and the percolation threshold corresponding to the formation of a network that begins to resist to compression, are correlated to the hydraulic permeability of filter cakes. Moreover, we show that the calculated permeability using a Brinkman model is in quite reasonable agreement with experimental data. Finally, we demonstrate that the elimination of salts and impurities in filter cakes during the washing step affects neither the local organization of filter cakes nor the hydraulic permeability
Vivares, Denis. "Interactions en solution et cristallisation de l'urate oxydase." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066336.
Повний текст джерелаRodrigues, Catarina. "Etudes structurales et biophysiques de proteines du virion d' ATV, un bicaudavirus infectant des crenarchees du genre acidianus." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4087.
Повний текст джерелаViruses are the most abundant biological entity in the oceans (∼1031 particles) and remarkably, viruses populate every ecosystem on the planet including the extreme acidic, thermal, and saline environments where archaeal organisms dominate. The viruses infecting hyperthermophilic Crenarchaea revealed exceptional morphologies and also a very low proportion of genes with recognizable functions and homologues. Among these viruses we find ATV (Acidianus two-Tailed virus). ATV is a virus infecting hyperthermophilic archaea of the genus Acidianus, which has the unique property of undergoing a major morphological development outside and independently of the host cell. Virions develop long tails at each pointed end of the initial lemon-Shaped particle, at temperatures close to those of the host natural habitat, 85 °C. The subject of my thesis has focused on the virion proteins of ATV. I have solved the crystal structure of ATV-273 that revealed a new α/β fold. I have also obtained a SAXS envelope where it is possible to fit two crystal dimers, in agreement with the oligomerization state in solution as determined by size-Exclusion chromatography coupled to multi angle light scattering. The function of this protein, however, could be not determined. Moreover, a negative staining electron microscopy model was obtained for the AAA+ ATPase ATV-618, which belongs to the MoxR familiy and presents sequence high similarity with the AAA-ATase RavA from Escherichia coli K12. I have shown that this thermostable AAA-ATPase enzyme assumes a hexameric ring organisation in the presence of ATP
le, Maire Albane. "étude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine KIN17 humaine." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361216.
Повний текст джерелаnormales, stimulée par les rayonnements UV et ionisants, autant de caractéristiques qui ont
suscité notre intérêt pour l'analyse structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine KIN17 humaine
(hKIN17) dans le but de caractériser sa ou ses fonction(s) dans la cellule. Plusieurs propriétés ont
été décrites pour la protéine hKIN17 dans différents mécanismes cellulaires tels que la réplication
de l'ADN, la réparation de l'ADN et le métabolisme de l'ARN. Pendant ma thèse, j'ai montré en
combinant des données de DC, RMN et SAXS que la protéine hKIN17 possède un domaine
structuré adoptant probablement le repliement d'un doigt de zinc et un domaine winged helix
dans sa région N-terminale. Seul le premier domaine lie les acides nucléiques, le deuxième
domaine ayant pour partenaires plusieurs hélicases à ARN impliquées dans la transcription et la
traduction. J'ai résolu par cristallographie aux rayons X la structure du domaine C-terminal qui
est retrouvé uniquement chez les eucaryotes supérieurs et se replie en un double domaine de type
SH3. J'ai montré par différentes méthodes biochimiques (filtration sur gel, gel IEF natif) que ce
domaine ancre la protéine hKIN17 à un complexe nucléaire acide de haut poids moléculaire dont
les composants sont en cours d'identification par spectrométrie de masse. De plus, il lie l'ARN et
les histones modifiées. L'ensemble de ces résultats confirment l'implication de la protéine
hKIN17 dans le métabolisme de l'ARN et précisent le rôle de chacun des domaines au sein de la
protéine.
Moussa, Ragueh Deka. "Filtration de silices précipitées : mise en évidence des relations entre propriétés macroscopiques et échelles locales caractéristiques dans les dépôts." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691605.
Повний текст джерелаKurtisovski, Erol. "Relation structure-propriétés dans les bicouches gonflées de phases lamellaires." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066229.
Повний текст джерелаKonko, Iuliia. "Aqueous solutions of complexes formed by model polyelectrolytes of opposite charges." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE049/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis presents a study of the aqueous solutions of three model polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). PECs were formed between hydrophilic and highly charged linear macrocations of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium) (PDADMA) and linear macroanions of distinct intrinsic persistence lengths: sulfonated polystyrene (PSS), sulfonated poly(α-methyl styrene) (PαMSS) and hyaluronate (HA). In addition to the effect of the macroion stiffness on the PEC formation and structure, those of the ionic strength and the way of preparing the PEC aqueous solutions as well as that of the concentration regimes of the initial PE aqueous solutions were also tackled. We suggest the complexation between macrocations and macroanions in the semidilute and concentrated regimes can be described as a universal gelation process. A difference between PDADMA-PSS and PDADMA-HA complexes is related to the primary self-assembling process and is associated with the distinct structural models for PECs
Fazal, Mahak. "In-Situ Investigation of Cavity Nucleation and Growth in Hydrogen-Exposed Epdm during Decompression." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0017.
Повний текст джерелаThe optimum design and formulation of seals used in hydrogen transport system is crucial for the purposes of safety of operation and well as economic sustainability of hydrogen as energy carrier. The exposure of the sealing materials to hydrogen and subsequent decompression causes cavitation damage. The studies so far on this subject have been few due to the strong limitations arising from the safety issues related to hydrogen testing in laboratory conditions. This study addresses the cavitation in Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber (EPDM) due to pressure release after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen up to 30 MPa. Three different unfilled EPDM with variable cross-link density were investigated. The study was based on some of the newest in-situ experimental techniques which allow a time-resolved tracking of the evolution of damage. On one side, in-situ SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering) tests of hydrogen-exposed EPDM were aimed at the characterisation of EPDM at submicron scale as a function of network heterogeneity and for tracking the possible onset of distinguishable cavities. At the low pressure range accessible with the device, heterogeneities were not marked enough to define more than a correlation length that was significantly changed compared the unexposed material, whatever the cross-link density. After the exposure at higher pressure (30 MPa) a change in correlation length was observed corresponding to the change in heterogeneity of the matrix which was found to be non-reversible even after full desorption of the sample. At a higher scale, in-situ X-ray tomography was used to provide time-resolved 3D views of damage during and after hydrogen pressure release. These experiments provided insight into the growth kinetics of cavities in different local boundary conditions (within the bulk, close to other cavities, close to a free surface) correlated with the diffusion characteristics of the sample itself. Classification of cavities as bulk and edges cavities was possible with respect with different kinetics depending on their proximity to the free surface of the sample. This could be correlated with the diffusion characteristics of the material. The dependence of kinetics of cavities on the proximity of another cavity was found to be trivial at the scale investigated (above 30 μm between cavity borders) suggesting that growth is a very local process. The previous studies have clarified that the cavitation in rubber is a coupled diffuso-mechanical phenomenon and so far, the numerical tools available have not addressed the problem as such. Therefore, the development of a numerical tool aimed at solving such coupled problems has also been addressed in the present work. This numerical tool called Foxtrot, developed at Institut PPRIME, is in the early stages of development but is a crucial step towards the more realistic simulation of this phenomenon of cavitation. In this fully coupled diffuso-mechanical context, the interpretation of mechanisms is highly limited by the lack of experimental access to the mechanical and gas content fields. Commercial Finite Element codes face convergence problems that the internal code developed at the Pprime Institute (Foxtrot) is trying to overcome. In the last exploratory part of the thesis, the code was used to as a step towards a more realistic simulation of the phenomenon. In particular, gradients around a pair of cavities were compared to those obtained around an isolated cavity
Dubosclard, Virginie. "Le complexe de la NADPH oxydase : études structurales des facteurs cytosoliques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011537.
Повний текст джерелаsuperoxydes nécessaires à la destruction des pathogènes. Il est constitué de deux protéines
membranaires (gp91phox, p22phox), de trois facteurs cytosoliques (p47phox, p67phox, p40phox) et
d'une petite protéine G, Rac. Afin de comprendre les interactions et les réarrangements
structuraux mis en jeu lors de l'activation du complexe, des études structurales des facteurs
cytosoliques entiers seuls et en complexe ont été menées. Deux approches ont été choisies : la
microscopie électronique et la diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles. Cette dernière
approche a permis de calculer une enveloppe pour p47phox et p67phox.
Zhang, Biao. "Generation of biohybrid (poly(ionic liquid)/guar)-based materials." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI049.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph.D work focuses on the preparation of biohybrid materials based on poly(ionic liquid)s (PIL) and a polysaccharide, guar gum. Poly(1-[2-acryloylethyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromide (poly(AEMIBr)) chains were synthesized through RAFT polymerization. Homopolymers with DP up to 300 and dispersity below 1.19 were obtained within hours in water. High chain-end fidelity further allowed for PIL chain extension with various monomers and stable PIL-based nanoparticles with various morphologies using the PISA concept were achieved. A series of guar-g-PIL graft copolymers were finally constructed in IL using guar macroRAFT agents. As PILs combine the attributes emanating from IL molecules (non-volatile, thermally stable, conducting…) with the ones of polymers in terms of mechanical reinforcement, the resulting polymers were exploited to elaborate high performance biohybrid materials. The cornerstone of this subsequent work was based on the straightforward formation of three-component blends: (i) poly(AEMIBr), (ii) guar and (ii) ionic liquid: butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl). The pathway to obtain such ternary blends is very simple, since it only implies successive polymer solubilisation steps in IL. The rheological and thermal properties of the resulting materials were investigated. Also, the internal morphology by WAXS and SAXS measurements as well as the ionic transport were studied. It appeared that strong synergistic hydrogen bonding are developed between guar and PIL chains in addition to PIL/IL and guar/IL interactions. Ionogels with high elastic modulus (up to 30 000 Pa) and high thermal stability (up to 310°C) were prepared. Importantly, addition of PIL significantly enhanced the dimensional stability of the resulting ionogels and overcame IL exudation encountered in IL/guar binary systems. SAXS and WAXS revealed a homogeneous morphology and the ionogels were proven to exhibit excellent conductive properties (10-4 S/cm at 30°C) thanks to their highly continuous morphology. The resulting sustainable multicomponent materials may find applications as gel electrolyte for biobattery systems or supercapacitors
Saade, Christelle. "Structure and function in solution of the transmembrane protein mTSPO in different amphiphilic systems : from detergents to biomimetic environments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF038.
Повний текст джерелаTSPO is a small, ubiquitous, translocator membrane protein composed of five transmembrane α-helices. In mammals, it is primarily located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is believed to play a role in cholesterol transport and steroid synthesis pathways. This protein has significant pharmacological interest due to its affinity for various ligands used as markers of inflammation in neuroimaging. The only known atomic structure of mammalian TSPOs is the NMR structure (2MGY.PDB) of mouse TSPO (mTSPO). However, this structure is controversial as it was obtained by refolding the protein using a high concentration of DPC and in the presence of the ligand (R)-PK11195, that stiffens it significantly. In the absence of ligand, the structure of mTSPO is too flexible to be resolved by NMR. Furthermore, to date, no amphiphilic condition has allowed the crystallization of mammalian TSPOs, with and without ligand, unlike bacterial TSPOs.The aim of the present study is to determine, using a structure/function approach, the effect of different amphiphilic environments on the structure of apo-mTSPO (i.e. without the ligand). We investigated mTSPO's structure in solution at different scales using radiation scattering and optical spectroscopy techniques. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS, SANS), combined with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), contrast variation in SANS, and ab initio modeling, allowed us to obtain the conformation of the entire mTSPO/amphiphile complex and to specifically probe those of the protein and the amphiphilic belt within the complex. The quantity of amphiphile molecules associated with mTSPO, measured by MALS, allowed the validation of the proposed models. The effect of the environment on ligand affinity was measured by microscale thermophoresis (MST).The apo-mTSPO, produced by a recombinant way in E.coli bacteria inclusion bodies, is partially unfolded following its extraction by SDS. We show that the protein refolds in DPC, both locally (significant increase of content and interactions of α-helices and in tryptophan fluorescence) and three-dimensionally, with a more extended "apo" conformation than the NMR structure 2MGY.PDB. Adding DMPC phospholipids to create a partially biomimetic environment of mixed DMPC:DPC bicelles further structures apo-mTSPO: the quantity and interactions of α-helices, as well as tryptophan fluorescence, increase significantly. This refolding is associated with a significant increase in the protein's affinity for the ligand (R)-PK11195 (0.9 μM) compared to that in DPC (70 μM) and SDS (no affinity). Thus, we demonstrate the relevance of using DMPC:DPC bicelles for studying membrane proteins in solution and confirm the crucial role of lipids in the structure and function of mTSPO. Finally, we show that this environment is favorable for the crystallization of apo-mTSPO and for reconstituting the protein in DMPC nanodiscs.To compare these results with a protein expressed under native conditions, we developed a new protocol for producing mTSPO in yeast cells. We managed to purify the protein in “apo” condition in DDM, a detergent known for solubilizing properly folded proteins, while retaining associated membrane lipids.This thesis work (i) contributes to a better understanding of the structure/function of mTSPO in different amphiphilic environments to determine optimal conditions for higher-resolution structural studies, and (ii) provides a significant methodological contribution to the study of membrane proteins in solution
Loubat, Anais. "Croissance par voie chimique et propriétés de transport électronique de nanofils d'or." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037878.
Повний текст джерелаNechyporchuk, Oleksandr. "Nanofibres de cellulose pour la production de bionanocomposites." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI056/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the main challenges in the context of biocomposites development is to replace petroleum-based materials with bio-based. Because of their natural origin, relatively high strength and the ability to form transparent products, cellulose nanofibers have a large potential for application in the composite materials. This work was focused primarily on the optimization of cellulose nanofiber production methods using biochemical and mechanical treatments, secondly on their rheological and structural properties in an aqueous medium and thirdly on the production of latex-based composites. The questions of homogeneous dispersion of cellulose nanofibers in the matrix and the interactions between these components for the purpose of matrix reinforcement are particularly addressed
Millot, Coraline. "Multi-scale characterization of deformation mechanisms of bulk polyamide 6 under tensile stretching below and above the glass transition." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0028/document.
Повний текст джерелаMechanical properties of bulk polyamide 6 (PA6) have been studied in relation to microscopic deformation mechanisms. By applying various thermal treatments, sets of samples with different semi-crystalline microstructures, namely various crystalline allotropic forms (denoted α, γ and β) and different values of the crystallinity index (from 24 to 35%) and of the long period of the lamellar stacks (from 7 to 12 nm), have been obtained, for two different molecular masses. Mechanical properties have been measured in the linear (viscoelastic) and nonlinear (plastic) regimes below and above the glass transition of the amorphous phase (Tg). Differences of behavior have been observed depending on the microstructure. While the crystallinity index seems to be the predominant factor affecting the mechanical behavior above Tg, other structural parameters such as the crystalline form and the lamellar morphology (thickness and aspect ratio) have to be taken into account below Tg. Deformations at the scales of lamellar stacks and of the crystalline unit cell have been characterized by small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) performed in-situ during tensile tests. In samples with predominantly β phase, lamellae tend to orient perpendicular to the tensile direction (TD). This orientation mechanism (which we denote as ‘Chain Network model’) is driven by the amorphous chains which transmit the stress between adjacent lamellae. The tensile strain in lamellar stacks perpendicular to TD is lower than the macroscopic tensile strain, which must be compensated by increased shear in inclined stacks. Also, at high extension ratios, the β phase transforms into α phase. In samples with predominantly α phase and above Tg, morphology changes are more complex. In a first step, chains orient perpendicular to TD, which implies that lamellar planes tend to orient parallel to TD, possibly due to their high aspect ratio (denoted as ‘Rigid Lamella’ model). In a second step, beyond the yield, a major fraction of crystallites then reorients normal to TD, i.e. chains themselves become parallel to TD, while a minor fraction remains oriented along TD. A highly oriented fibrillar morphology is ultimately obtained in all cases
Aimeur, Sana. "Exploration de l'interaction p22phox/p47phox : une clé pour comprendre l'assemblage du complexe NADPH oxydase." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASF099.
Повний текст джерелаThe phagocytic NADPH oxidase complex (NOX2) plays a pivotal role in generating reactive oxygen species, crucial for innate immunity and various physiological processes. Its dysregulation contributes to oxidative stress, aging, and inflammation. This complex enzyme comprises six subunits, including two membrane subunits, NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic proteins (p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac). NOX2 and p22phox, encoded by the CYBB and CYBA genes, respectively, form the catalytic core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex. This core, also known as flavocytochrome b558 (Cytb558), contains all redox intermediates for electron transfers needed to reduce oxygen to superoxide anions. Despite ongoing challenges like the complex's flexibility, understanding the structure and function of these subunits is an expanding research area. The enzyme's activation first requires the interaction between the p47phox protein and the p22phox membrane subunit. Investigating these proteins, particularly their interaction, is challenging due to their intrinsic properties, such as disordered regions, membrane domains, and highly flexible domain organization. Although several studies have been conducted, the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. This thesis focuses on several aspects of this interaction, addressing the issue by combining biochemical techniques (for both soluble and membrane proteins) with circular dichroism studies, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and structure predictions by artificial intelligence (AlphaFold). These complementary approaches have enabled the proposal of a scenario demonstrating the conformational changes of p47phox from its inactive state to active states. These structural changes of p47phox have also been explored in the context of its interaction with p22phox, revealing previously unknown structural aspects of this interaction. Concurrently, artificial intelligence through AlphaFold has provided the first structural models of the assembled enzyme complex, allowing exploration of protein-protein and protein-lipid membrane interactions, which should encourage more in-depth future studies. Finally, the development of production and purification methods for recombinant membrane protein p22phox, particularly in native nanodiscs, adds new perspectives to this work that blends experimental and theoretical approaches
Dessombz, Arnaud. "Elaboration et caractérisation de phases cristal liquides de suspensions de rutile (TiO2). Propriétés physiques anisotropes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354476.
Повний текст джерелаLe travail présenté montrera comment il est possible d'élaborer par Chimie Douce des nanoparticules anisotropes afin d'obtenir en milieu aqueux une mésophase, de nature nématique, et de la caractériser. De plus, des suspensions de bâtonnets, même relativement diluées, s'orientent sous cisaillement, ce qui permet de produire par spin-coating des films anisotropes. Ces films sont des échantillons de choix pour effectuer des mesures, sous irradiation ultraviolette, de photocatalyse d'espèces organiques dissoutes ou encore de photoconduction. Ces mesures peuvent être comparées avec les résultats obtenus à l'aide d'un monocristal de TiO2 présentant les mêmes facettes cristallographique [110] que les nanoparticules.
Un film orienté de bâtonnets de rutile présente naturellement des propriétés anisotropes. En outre, nous avons mis en évidence une forte dépendance des propriétés catalytiques et de la conductivité électronique avec la polarisation de l'irradiation ultra-violette. Nous montrerons dans quelle mesure la théorie des bandes permet d'expliquer ces effets.
Laporte, Lucie. "Propriétés des huiles utilisées en peinture : rôle des siccatifs au plomb." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS375.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 15th century, artistic painters have prepared paint mixtures by adding oil binders to various pigments. Oils commonly used in historical paints, such as linseed oil, are called drying oils: they exhibit natural hardening properties after a long period of exposure to air. To accelerate the drying process, numerous historical recipes mention the use of inorganic drying compounds (or “driers”). Among them, lead (II) oxide PbO was the most frequently used. The driers were ground, added to the oil and the mixture was heated, possibly with water. Such treatments modify the chemical composition of the systems: the triglycerides of the oil are partially saponified and lead soaps are formed. Simultaneously, the physicochemical properties of the oils (consistency, color) change. This work aims to detail the changes induced by the pre-treatment of oils and to understand their origin. To do so, the historical recipes were first translated into a reproducible formulation protocol. In a second step, the characterization of the obtained treated oils was performed at the macroscopic, mesoscopic and molecular scales. The impact of the initial amount of PbO (from 0 to 50 mol%) and of the addition of water were studied. On a macroscopic scale, the rheological properties are significantly modified: oils cooked with 0 to 31% PbO behaved like Newtonian fluids. With 50% PbO, metal soaps induced important modifications of the rheological properties, leading to viscoelastic systems with shear-thinning behavior. At the supramolecular scale, SAXS and cryo-TEM analyses revealed the presence of lamellar domains dispersed in an unorganized matrix. The lead soap content has an impact on the extent and on the characteristic distance of the lamellar domains. To understand the impact of shear on the lamellar structuring identified at rest, the samples were then analyzed by rheo-SAXS on a synchrotron beamline. Continuous shear led to a preferential parallel orientation of the lamellae. A progressive delamination was also observed, increasingly marked for the most saponified samples. Surprisingly, an oscillatory shear on the viscoelastic sample induced the formation of unilamellar cylinders aligned in the shear plane, together with a decrease in the elasticity of the sample. In parallel, the influence of the addition of water during heating was studied: a progressive demixing of the samples was observed, and the two phases were analyzed. The fine characterization of the chemical composition of the saponified oils proved to be arduous but highlighted the great diversity of species present in the treated oils (soaps, partially saponified triglycerides, isomerized and cyclized aliphatic chains, etc.), due to the numerous reaction mechanisms involved during heating. The multi-scale approach applied to saponified oils sheds new light on this type of material: the link between supramolecular structuring and rheological behavior has been clearly established. The reconstitution of historical recipes of oils heated with PbO and the use of complementary analytical techniques allow us to better understand the pictorial practices in use from the 15th century. In order to further refine our knowledge of these systems, the study of saponified oils during drying would require further research. Observations performed on the liquid systems could thus be correlated with the alterations that occur on the works of art in the long term
Habibi, Bajguirani Hamid Reza. "Contribution à l'étude des transformations structurales se développant dans l'alliage 15-5 PH, en particulier les mécanismes de précipitations durcissantes à base de Cu, par microscopie électronique en transmission et diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles. Relations avec les caractéristiques mécaniques." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112245.
Повний текст джерелаLEMAIRE, Bruno. "Propriétés structurales et magnétiques d'un cristal liquide minéral, les suspensions de goethite (alpha-FeOOH)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002172.
Повний текст джерелаAndrade, Gomes Juliano de. "Etude des propriétés structurelles locales de liquides magnétiques : de la nanoparticule à la solution." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066126.
Повний текст джерелаPasquier, Coralie. "Interactions et structures dans les solutions hautement concentrées de protéines globulaires : étude du lysosyme et de l'ovalbumine." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S172/document.
Повний текст джерелаConcentrated phases of proteins are the subject of numerous studies aiming at identifying and characterizing the interactions and phase transitions at play, using the large corpus of knowledge in the field of concentrated colloids. Those concentrated phases of proteins have, in addition, a great importance in various fields, such as food industry, pharmaceutical industry and medicine. The establishment of equations of state relating osmotic pressure (Ð) and volume fraction (Φ) is an efficient way of characterization of the interactions between the components of a system. We applied this method to solutions of two globular proteins, lysozyme and ovalbumin, spanning volume fractions ranging from a dilute phase ( Φ < 0,01) to a concentrated, solid phase ( Φ > 0,62). The equations of state, coupled to other methods (SAXS, numerical simulations), enabled us to show that the two proteins carry a very different behavior when submitted to concentration and that their complexity is beyond that of colloids. Relating equations of state and interfacial behavior of these two proteins also showed points of convergence and enabled us to formulate a new hypothesis which explains some of the results obtained in the study of adsorption of proteins at the air-water interface
Rosenbaum, Eva. "Caractérisation structurale, enzymatique et biophysique d'un complexe peptidase piezo-thermophile issue de l'archaea marine abyssale Pyrococcus horikoshii." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10298.
Повний текст джерелаRecently Franzetti et al. Discovered a new type of energy-independent self-compartmentalized proteases in Archaea. The particles were named TET for their tetrahedral three-dimensional structure. The TETs self assemble as large molecular weight complexes of about 500kDa. Their role in the organism is yet unknown. In P. Horikoshii, a hyperthermophilic Archaea from the deep sea, three TET proteases have been identified (PhTET1, 2 and 3). We have expressed and purified recombinant PhTET3. The enzyme was characterized biochemically and we determined the structure of a PhTET3 12 subunit complex by x-ray crystallography. In order to gain insight into its potential physiological role and to ascertain why there are three TET proteases in P. Horikoshii, the structure and the enzymatic properties of PhTET3 have been compared to the two other TET proteases that were characterized before. As self-compartmentalization plays an important role in functioning and regulation of proteases, the factors controlling PhTET3 oligomerization in vitro have been studied by analytical ultracentrifugation and small angle neutron scattering. Finally, under physiological deep sea conditions, the enzyme is exposed to high temperature (up to 100°C) and high pressure. In order to study the limits of stability of large molecular weight assemblies, the low-resolution structure and the enzymatic activity of PhTET3 have been monitored under high pressures and temperatures using small angle x-ray scattering and high-pressure spectrophotometry. Taken together, these studies revealed that the TET proteases of P. Horikoshii form an integrated peptide degradation systems and that PhTET3 exhibits unusual stability under high pressure and temperature as well as environment-associated enzymatic properties
Bonnevide, Marine. "Nanocomposites élastomère-nanoparticules de silice greffées : de la synthèse aux mécanismes de dispersion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0354.
Повний текст джерелаThe addition of nanometric fillers into a polymer matrix significantly improves its use properties. Optimization of nanocomposite reinforcement is related to the filler dispersion state in the matrix as well as to the filler/filler and filler/matrix interactions. In the tire industry, numerous studies have been devoted to these parameters in order to understand and control the reinforcement of elastomeric matrices such as Styrene Butadiene Rubber by silica nanoparticles. On an industrial scale, functional polymer or coupling agents such as bis(triethoxysilyl)propyl tetrasulfide are used to improve the dispersion of silica particles in elastomers and strengthen the matrix. However, it is difficult to control the grafting density and to modulate some parameters that may influence the dispersion state and interactions e.g. the nature and molar mass of the polymer chains covalently attached to the surface. To address these limitations, in this project we propose to synthesize silica nanoparticles grafted with polyisoprene, polybutadiene and statistical poly(butadiene-co-styrene) chains using the “grafting from” method associated to nitroxide mediated polymerization. In this aim, an alkoxyamine is grafted onto the nanoparticle surface in two steps by keeping the colloidal stability of the particles. After optimizing grafting parameters and polymerize the different monomers, the obtained grafted nanoparticles are characterized in terms of molar mass, microstructure, grafting density and gyration radius of the grafted chains. Their dispersion state is evaluated in solution as well as in matrices of various molecular weight and composition after the elaboration of nanocomposites
Chan, Yao Chong Maud. "Structure et dynamique de protéines intrinsèquement désordonnées : Caractérisation par une approche combinant dynamique moléculaire avancée et SAXS." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS257.
Повний текст джерелаThe PhD work will consist in exploring and characterizing the conformational ensemble of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), by using several complementary methods, including enhanced molecular dynamics simulations and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). IDPs are proteins having one or several regions that lack stable secondary structures in the unbound state, but which can adopt various structured conformations to bind other proteins. In the case of three IDPs, the project aims to answer the question of whether these secondary structures formed at the protein-protein interfaces transiently pre-exist or not in the unbound state of solvated IDPs. If it is possible to identify and characterize these molecular recognition features (MoRFs) in the IDP unbound state, then the results of this work will subsequently help to determine the structures of protein complexes involving IDPs