Статті в журналах: "Differential thermometry"

1

Mackenzie, R. C. "Early thermometry and differential thermometry." Thermochimica Acta 135 (October 1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(88)87355-6.

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2

Mackenzie, R. C. "Early thermometry and differential thermometry." Thermochimica Acta 148 (August 1989): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(89)85204-9.

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3

Kisi, E. H., and D. P. Riley. "Diffraction thermometry and differential thermal analysis." Journal of Applied Crystallography 35, no. 6 (November 13, 2002): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889802016497.

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A unit-cell parameter anomaly observed during the precipitation and growth of Ti3SiC2from a Si-substituted TiC phase is interpreted as the release of latent heat. The observations are used to propose a powder diffraction method for conducting differential thermal analysis as part ofin situphase transition studies.

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4

Riley, D. P., E. H. Kisi, R. I. Smith, and S. J. Kennedy. "Diffraction thermometry and differential thermal analysis." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 58, s1 (August 6, 2002): c260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767302095363.

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5

Talanov, A. V., J. Waissman, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, and P. Kim. "High-bandwidth, variable-resistance differential noise thermometry." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 014904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0026488.

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6

Aranda, A., M. Strojnik, G. Paez, and G. Moreno. "Two-wavelength differential thermometry for microscopic extended source." Infrared Physics & Technology 49, no. 3 (January 2007): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2006.06.005.

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7

Prangemeier, Tim, Iman Nejati, Andreas Müller, Philip Endres, Mario Fratzl, and Mathias Dietzel. "Optimized thermoelectric sensitivity measurement for differential thermometry with thermopiles." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 65 (July 2015): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.01.018.

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8

Patterson, W. M., D. V. Seletskiy, M. Sheik-Bahae, R. I. Epstein, and M. P. Hehlen. "Measurement of solid-state optical refrigeration by two-band differential luminescence thermometry." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 27, no. 3 (February 26, 2010): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.27.000611.

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9

Liu, Jing, Rik Van Deun та Anna M. Kaczmarek. "Eu3+, Tb3+- and Er3+, Yb3+-Doped α-MoO3 Nanosheets for Optical Luminescent Thermometry". Nanomaterials 9, № 4 (21 квітня 2019): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040646.

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Here we report a novel synthesis approach for the preparation of α-MoO3:Ln3+ materials employing a two-step synthesis. Additionally, in this work the α-MoO3:Ln3+ materials are reported as potential optical thermometers for the first time. In this synthesis approach, first MoS2 2D nanosheets were prepared, which were further heat treated to obtain α-MoO3. These materials were fully characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and luminescence spectroscopy. Temperature-dependent luminescence measurements were carried out to determine the optical thermometric properties of two different types of α-MoO3:Ln3+ materials (Eu3+/Tb3+ downshifting and Er3+/Yb3+ upconversion luminescence systems). We demonstrate in this study that this class of material could be a potential candidate for temperature-sensing applications.

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10

Ghaderi Aram, Morteza, Larisa Beilina, and Hana Dobsicek Trefna. "Microwave thermometry with potential application in non-invasive monitoring of hyperthermia." Journal of Inverse and Ill-posed Problems 28, no. 5 (November 1, 2020): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jiip-2020-0102.

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AbstractIntegration of an adaptive finite element method (AFEM) with a conventional least squares method has been presented. As a 3D full-wave forward solver, CST Microwave Studio has been used to model and extract both electric field distribution in the region of interest (ROI) and S-parameters of a circular array consisting of 16 monopole antennas. The data has then been fed into a differential inversion scheme to get a qualitative indicator of how the temperature distribution evolves over a course of the cooling process of a heated object. Different regularization techniques within the Tikhonov framework are also discussed, and a balancing principle for optimal choice of the regularization parameter was used to improve the image reconstruction quality of every 2D slice of the final image. Targets are successfully imaged via proposed numerical methods.

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11

Kharina, Valeriya I., and Tatiyana A. Berezhnova. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for brain and heart diseases by monitoring the effects of drugs." Research Results in Pharmacology 6, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.52300.

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Introduction: The study aims at analyzing the possibility of using a method of monitoring the action of drugs in real-time to assess the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for brain and heart lesions. Materials and methods: To assess the effect of drugs in the experiment and in the clinic, the temperature difference between the biologically active point and the intact skin zone was recorded every second for 2 minutes. The work involved experimental and clinical parts. The experimental study was performed on 81 rabbits. In the experiment, the effect of Meldonium was evaluated when treating doxorubicin cardiomyopathy and the effect of Cortexin – when treating experimental brain ischemia. The clinical testing of the method involved 10 healthy volunteers and 20 patients of both sexes, diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular events of the ischemic-stroke type. Results and discussions: An increase of some indicators of differential thermometry of the biologically active point by 60% or more on the 7th day of the treatment concerning the values obtained before the treatment is indicative of a high probability of pronounced positive dynamics in the treatment of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. If on the 7th day of the treatment, some indicators of differential thermometry of biologically active point С7 to exceed by 20% or more the similar indicators before the treatment, a high probability of pronounced positive dynamics in the treatment of ischemic stroke can be inferred. Conclusion: A safe, non-invasive method for monitoring the effects of drugs in real-time, which does not require any special training of a doctor, has been developed.

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12

Roberts, J., B. Jones, and R. Greenhalgh. "An Experimental Investigation into the Use of Implanted Thermocouples and Differential Thermometry as Monitors for Microvascular Anastomoses." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 2, no. 01 (October 1985): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1007045.

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13

Zhou, Yuanyuan, Chunhua Li, David Broido, and Li Shi. "A differential thin film resistance thermometry method for peak thermal conductivity measurements of high thermal conductivity crystals." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 094901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0061049.

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14

Andrews, Preston K., David J. Chalmers, and Mapasaka Moremong. "Canopy-Air Temperature Differences and Soil Water as Predictors of Water Stress of Apple Trees Grown in a Humid, Temperate Climate." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 3 (May 1992): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.3.453.

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Temperature differences between tree canopies and air (Tc - Ta) and between leaves and air (T1 - Ta) of apples (Malus domestics Borkh. `Royal Gala') grown in New Zealand were measured with infrared (IR) thermometry. Treatments included three orchard-floor management systems and irrigation withheld (WI) for part of the growing season. Measurements of soil moisture indicated that, under full irrigation (FI), an alfalfa orchard-floor system apparently had higher soil water content than herbicide-strip (H) or plastic-mulch systems, whereas under the drought stress of WI, the H system retained the most water. The Tc - Ta and T1 - Ta of the WI treatment were significantly greater than those of the FI treatment after a soil-moisture differential was established. Linear regression between Tc - Ta, or T1 - Ta, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exhibited variable responses among dates. A crop water stress index (CWSI) was calculated from environmental measurements. The calculated CWSIS were not related to soil-moisture measurements. Even 35 days after full irrigation had been reinstated on the WI plots, the Tc - Ta, T1 - Ta, and CWSI of the WI plots were still significantly greater than those of the FI plots. These discrepancies in IR thermometry-based water-stress indices may be due to increased errors in the calculation of minimum CWSI at low VPDS and to fluctuating solar radiation and evapotranspiration, which are prevalent in humid, temperate climates.

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15

Wang, Ridong, Tianyu Wang, Hamidreza Zobeiri, Dachao Li, and Xinwei Wang. "Energy and Charge Transport in 2D Atomic Layer Materials: Raman-Based Characterization." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 1807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091807.

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As they hold extraordinary mechanical and physical properties, two-dimensional (2D) atomic layer materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and MXenes, have attracted a great deal of attention. The characterization of energy and charge transport in these materials is particularly crucial for their applications. As noncontact methods, Raman-based techniques are widely used in exploring the energy and charge transport in 2D materials. In this review, we explain the principle of Raman-based thermometry in detail. We critically review different Raman-based techniques, which include steady state Raman, time-domain differential Raman, frequency-resolved Raman, and energy transport state-resolved Raman techniques constructed in the frequency domain, space domain, and time domain. Detailed outlooks are provided about Raman-based energy and charge transport in 2D materials and issues that need special attention.

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16

Petersen, DR, K. Sengupta, R. Das, and G. Banerjee. "Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Bricks by the Nonsteady State Hot-Wire Method Using Differential Platinum Resistance Thermometry." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 20, no. 6 (1992): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte11939j.

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17

Sharafutdinov, Ramil F., and Ildar V. Kanafin. "Features of formation of the temperature field in a well with a multilayer system during oil degassing." Tyumen State University Herald. Physical and Mathematical Modeling. Oil, Gas, Energy 6, no. 2 (2020): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7978-2020-6-2-96-109.

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As is known, well thermometry is one of the main methods for diagnosing the condition of a well and formation while monitoring the development of oil and gas fields. Despite the widespread use of thermometry in the oil and gas industry, today the question of the formation of the temperature field in a well with a multilayer system under conditions of oil degassing remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is relevant to study thermohydrodynamic processes that form the temperature field in the well-reservoir system based on a mathematical model of the movement of a two-phase flow of oil and gas, taking into account oil degassing. Based on a numerical model describing the non-isothermal movement of a two-phase fluid in a well with a multi-layer system, the article discusses the problem of selecting soda oil from a well that operates two layers. The formation of the temperature field is due to the influence of the adiabatic and Joule-Thomson effects, as well as the heat of gas degassing. The system of differential equations is solved numerically, and discretization by the control volume method. The resulting system of nonlinear equations is linearized by the Newton-Raphson method, the roots of which are found by the Gauss method from the LAPACK library. The paper considers the features of temperature effects in a well with a two-layer system for various durations of pressure reduction at the wellhead, oil saturation pressure with gas, as well as the functional dependences of the relative phase permeabilities of phases on saturation. It is shown that a sharp decrease in pressure at the wellhead leads to significant cooling in the first hour of well operation. The results can be used in the planning of field geophysical studies and interpretation of the results of temperature studies of wells in the production of gas-cut oil.

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18

Crespo, E., F. J. Luque, J. F. Barrenechea, and M. Rodas. "Influence of grinding on graphite crystallinity from experimental and natural data: implications for graphite thermometry and sample preparation." Mineralogical Magazine 70, no. 6 (December 2006): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461067060358.

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AbstractThis paper examines the effects of shear stress on the structural parameters that define the ‘crystallinity’ of graphite. The results show that highly crystalline graphite samples ground for up to 120 min do not undergo detectable changes in the three-dimensional arrangement of carbon layers but crystallite sizes (Lc and La) decrease consistently with increasing grinding time. Grinding also involves particle-size diminution that results in lower temperatures for the beginning of combustion and exothermic maxima in the differential thermal analysis curves. These changes in the structural and thermal characteristics of graphite upon grinding must be taken into account when such data are used for geothermometric estimations.Tectonic shear stress also induces reduction of the particle size and the Lc and La values of highly crystalline graphite. Thus, the temperature of formation of graphite according to structural as well as thermal data is underestimated by up to 100°C in samples that underwent the most intense shear stress. Therefore, application of graphite geothermometry to fluid-deposited veins where graphite is the only mineral found should take into consideration the effect of tectonic shearing, or the estimated temperatures must be considered as minimum temperatures of formation only.

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19

Zhang, Guibin, Lifei Zhang, Andrew G. Christy, Shuguang Song, and Qiuli Li. "Differential exhumation and cooling history of North Qaidam UHP metamorphic rocks, NW China: Constraints from zircon and rutile thermometry and U–Pb geochronology." Lithos 205 (September 2014): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.06.018.

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20

Taler, Dawid, Tomasz Sobota, Magdalena Jaremkiewicz, and Jan Taler. "Influence of the Thermometer Inertia on the Quality of Temperature Control in a Hot Liquid Tank Heated with Electric Energy." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 4039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154039.

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This paper presents the medium temperature monitoring system based on digital proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control. For industrial thermometers with a complex structure used for measuring the temperature of the fluid under high pressure, the accuracy of the first-order model is inadequate. A second-order differential equation was applied to describe a dynamic response of a temperature sensor placed in a heavy thermowell (industrial thermometer). The quality of the water temperature control system in the tank was assessed when measuring the water temperature with a jacketed thermocouple and a thermometer in an industrial casing. A thermometer of a new design with a small time constant was also used to measure temperature. The quality of water temperature control in the hot water storage tank was evaluated using a classic industrial thermometer and a new design thermometer. In both cases, there was a K-type sheathed thermocouple inside the thermowell. Reductions in the time constant of the new thermometer are achieved by means of a steel casing with a small diameter hole inside which the thermocouple is precisely fitted. The time constants of the thermometers were determined experimentally with a jump in water temperature. A digital controller was designed to maintain the preset temperature in an electrically heated hot water tank. The function of the regulator was to adjust the power of the electrical heater to maintain a constant temperature of the liquid in the tank.

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21

Spiliopoulos, Stavros, Vasiliki Theodosiadou, Nikolaos Barampoutis, Konstantinos Katsanos, Periklis Davlouros, Lazaros Reppas, Panagiotis Kitrou, et al. "Multi-center feasibility study of microwave radiometry thermometry for non-invasive differential diagnosis of arterial disease in diabetic patients with suspected critical limb ischemia." Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 31, no. 7 (July 2017): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.04.022.

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22

Kano, A., K. Kambara, M. Arakawa, F. Ando, M. Ohno, M. Tsuchiya, K. Nishigaki, and H. Fujiwara. "Effects of ventilation and pleural effusion on measurements of airway thermal volume and blood flow in dog lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 1320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.4.1320.

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We studied the effects of ventilation and pleural effusion on measurements of airway thermal volume (ATV) and pulmonary blood flow (PBF) by using the airway gas thermometry method of V. B. Serikov, M. S. Rumm, K. Kambara, M. I. Bootomo, A. R. Osmack, and N. C. Staub (J. Appl. Physiol. 72: 944–953, 1992) in 39 anesthetized dogs with or without lung edema or pleural effusion. To examine the differential effects of increased-pressure and increased-permeability lung edema on accuracy and sensitivity of ATV and PBF, two models of lung edema were induced by intravenous infusion of a Dextran 70 solution and alloxan monohydrate, respectively. Dogs were hyperventilated for 3 min by using a wide range of minute ventilation (VE) to produce two steady-state conditions of airway temperature. Higher levels of VE increased an estimated amount of ATV. The ATV produced by hyperventilation at VE values of 559, 158, and 72 ml.min-1.kg-1 was consistent with the gravimetric total lung mass, the blood-free wet lung weight, and the extravascular lung water volume, respectively. The coefficient of lung thermal conductivity, a practical index of the rate of heat conduction through tissue from lung vessels, was related to the ratio of the decrease in expired air temperature to VE, and estimated PBF was consistent with the thermodilution cardiac output. Pleural effusion had little effect on measurements of ATV and PBF. However, ATV and PBF showed increased variation in dogs with dextran-induced lung edema.

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23

Murgatroyd, P. N., and M. Belloufi. "A sensitive differential thermometer." Measurement Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/1/1/002.

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24

Hughes, Cameron A., Micah J. Jessup, Colin A. Shaw, and Dennis L. Newell. "Deformation conditions during syn-convergent extension along the Cordillera Blanca shear zone, Peru." Geosphere 15, no. 4 (June 13, 2019): 1342–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02040.1.

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AbstractStrain localization across the brittle-ductile transition is a fundamental process in accommodating tectonic movement in the mid-crust. The tectonically active Cordillera Blanca shear zone (CBSZ), a ∼200-km-long normal-sense shear zone situated within the footwall of a discrete syn-convergent extensional fault in the Peruvian Andes, is an excellent field laboratory to explore this transition. Field and microscopic observations indicate consistent top-down-to-the-southwest sense of shear and a sequence of tectonites ranging from undeformed granodiorite through mylonite and ultimately fault breccia along the detachment.Using microstructural analysis, two-feldspar and Ti-in-quartz (TitaniQ) thermometry, recrystallized quartz paleopiezometry, and analysis of quartz crystallographic preferred orientations, we evaluate the deformation conditions and mechanisms in quartz and feldspar across the CBSZ. Deformation temperatures derived from asymmetric strain-induced myrmekite in a subset of tectonite samples are 410 ± 30 to 470 ± 36 °C, consistent with TitaniQ temperatures of 450 ± 60 to 490 ± 33 °C and temperatures >400 °C estimated from microstructural criteria. Brittle fabrics overprint ductile fabrics within ∼150 m of the detachment that indicate that deformation continued to lower-temperature (∼280–400 °C) and/or higher-strain-rate conditions prior to the onset of pervasive brittle deformation. Initial deformation occurred via high-temperature fracturing and dissolution-precipitation in feldspar. Continued subsolidus deformation resulted in either layering of mylonites into monophase quartz and fine-grained polyphase domains oriented subparallel to macroscopic foliation or the interconnection of recrystallized quartz networks oriented obliquely to macroscopic foliation. The transition to quartz-controlled rheology occurred at temperatures near ∼500 °C and at a differential stress of ∼16.5 MPa. Deformation within the CBSZ occurred predominantly above ∼400 °C and at stresses up to ∼71.4 MPa prior to the onset of brittle deformation.

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25

Levshinskii, Vladislav Viktorovich. "Multiclass Classification in the Problem of Differential Diagnosis of Venous Diseases Based on Microwave Radiometry Data." Program Systems: Theory and Applications 12, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25209/2079-3316-2021-12-2-37-52.

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This article is devoted to applying mathematical models in the differential diagnosis of venous diseases based on microwave radiometry data. A modified approach for transforming feature space in thermometric data is described. After constructing features, a multiclass classification problem is solved in several ways: by reducing to binary classification problems using “one versus rest” and “one versus one” methods and building a multivariate logistic regression model. The best classification model achieved an average balanced accuracy score of 0.574. A key feature of the approach is that classification result can be explained and justified in terms understandable to a diagnostician. This article presents the most significant patterns in thermometric data and the accuracy with which they can identify different classes of diseases.

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26

White, D. R., and C. J. Downes. "Differential thermometer for high temperature flow calorimetry." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 22, no. 2 (February 1989): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/22/2/002.

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27

AB-AZIZ, M. T. S., A. MARZUKI, and Z. A. A. AZIZ. "12-BIT PSEUDO-DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT-SOURCE RESISTOR-STRING HYBRID DAC." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 04 (June 2011): 709–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007566.

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This paper discusses a hybrid Digital-Analog Converter (DAC) architecture which is a combination of a binary-weighted resistor approach for eight bits in the least-significant-bit and thermometer coded approach for four bits in the most-significant-bit. The proposed design combines advantages of the binary-weighted resistor approach and thermometer coded approach. The final design is composed of two 12-bit DACs to achieve a pseudo differential output signal. The converter was designed with a Silterra 0.18 μm 1.8 V/3.3 V CMOS process technology. The post-layout simulation results show that this design achieves 12-bit resolution with INL and DNL of 0.375 LSB and 0.25 LSB, respectively. The power consumption is 6.291 mW when the designed DAC is biased with supply voltage equal to 3 V. The performance is accomplished with a design area of 230 μm × 255 μm.

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28

Sai Lakshmi, Taninki, Avireni Srinivasulu, and Pittala Chandra Shaker. "Implementation of Power Efficient Flash Analogue-to-Digital Converter." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/723053.

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An efficient low power high speed 5-bit 5-GS/s flash analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is proposed in this paper. The designing of a thermometer code to binary code is one of the exacting issues of low power flash ADC. The embodiment consists of two main blocks, a comparator and a digital encoder. To reduce the metastability and the effect of bubble errors, the thermometer code is converted into the gray code and there after translated to binary code through encoder. The proposed encoder is thus implemented by using differential cascade voltage switch logic (DCVSL) to maintain high speed and low power dissipation. The proposed 5-bit flash ADC is designed using Cadence 180 nm CMOS technology with a supply rail voltage typically ±0.85 V. The simulation results include a total power dissipation of 46.69 mW, integral nonlinearity (INL) value of −0.30 LSB and differential nonlinearity (DNL) value of −0.24 LSB, of the flash ADC.

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29

Smertenko, P. S. "Modeling of thermometric characteristics of thermodiode sensors by using the dimensionless sensitivity." Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 23, no. 04 (November 19, 2020): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo23.04.437.

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Dimensionless sensitivity and slope of its characteristic in the forms α=d(log V)/d(log T) and γ=d(log α)/d(log T) have been proposed as a base for modeling of thermometric characteristics V(T). The differential analysis of V(T) curves within the range from 4.2 up to 400 K by numerical differentiation has allowed obtaining the analytical approximation in the form V(T)=ATαexp[-BTγ1(1+CTγ1)], where A, B and C are the constants depending on physical parameters of thermodiode silicon sensor. This approach is useful both for the analysis of these characteristics as well as for modeling and determining an approximating function by finding out the regions where power-like or exponential dependences are the adequate expressions to describe the thermometric characteristic sections. By contrast to the known methods, one should not know beforehand the function that describes the process or the characteristic. It permits to elucidate fine peculiarities of thermometric characteristics and to achieve high accuracy of modeling by using the analytical expressions. In view of the practical purposes, the thermometric characteristics are approximated within the three temperature ranges. The errors of approximation do not exceed ±0.02%, ±0.2% and ±0.4% within the temperature ranges 4.2…40 K, 40…170 K and 170…400 K, respectively.

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30

Frantsuz, E. T., and P. Gutmann. "Arguments for making use of a differential gas thermometer in cryogenic microcalorimetry." Metrologia 40, no. 4 (June 13, 2003): L6—L8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/40/4/102.

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31

Likhodeev, D. V., V. V. Gravirov, and K. V. Kislov. "Precision Differential Thermometers for Studying Thermal Processes at the Northern Caucasus Geophysical Observatory." Seismic Instruments 54, no. 6 (December 2018): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0747923918060075.

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32

Gerashchenko, O. A., T. G. Grishchenko, L. V. Dekusha, V. P. Salo, and A. V. Lapii. "Determination of a group of thermophysical properties by a differential-bridge thermometric method." Journal of Engineering Physics 54, no. 4 (April 1988): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00871113.

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33

Chudzik, Stanisław, and Waldemar Minkina. "An Idea of a Measurement System for Determining Thermal Parameters of Heat Insulation Materials." Metrology and Measurement Systems 18, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-011-0008-2.

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An Idea of a Measurement System for Determining Thermal Parameters of Heat Insulation MaterialsThe article presents the prototype of a measurement system with a hot probe, designed for testing thermal parameters of heat insulation materials. The idea is to determine parameters of thermal insulation materials using a hot probe with an auxiliary thermometer and a trained artificial neural network. The network is trained on data extracted from a nonstationary two-dimensional model of heat conduction inside a sample of material with the hot probe and the auxiliary thermometer. The significant heat capacity of the probe handle is taken into account in the model. The finite element method (FEM) is applied to solve the system of partial differential equations describing the model. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to estimate coefficients of the inverse heat conduction problem for a solid. The network determines values of the effective thermal conductivity and effective thermal diffusivity on the basis of temperature responses of the hot probe and the auxiliary thermometer. All calculations, like FEM, training and testing processes, were conducted in the MATLAB environment. Experimental results are also presented. The proposed measurement system for parameter testing is suitable for temporary measurements in a building site or factory.

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Mizuno, Tota, Akio Nozawa, and Hideto Ide. "Noise Reduction on Nasal Skin Temperature Measured by Radiation Thermometer with Differential Revision Filtering." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 128, no. 8 (2008): 1251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.128.1251.

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Guba, Sándor, Barnabás Horváth, Gergely Molnár, and István Szalai. "A double cell differential thermometric system for specific loss power measurements in magnetic hyperthermia." Measurement 169 (February 2021): 108652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108652.

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Hewes, Alaïs, and Laurent Mydlarski. "Simultaneous measurements of velocity, gas concentration, and temperature by way of thermal-anemometry-based probes." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (October 21, 2021): 015301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac2ca5.

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Abstract Many natural and engineering flows transport more than one scalar. Moreover, to study the scalar mixing therein, knowledge of the velocity field is also essential. For this reason, the present work describes the development of a three-wire thermal-anemometry-based probe to simultaneously measure velocity, helium concentration, and temperature in turbulent flows. It is first demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that the temperature measured by a cold-wire thermometer is effectively insensitive to helium concentration. Then, building on recent work by Hewes and Mydlarski (2021 Meas. Sci. Technol. 32 105305), which pertains to the design of interference probes (i.e. thermal-anemometry-based probes used to measure velocity and gas concentration), a novel temperature compensation technique is proposed to extend their use to non-isothermal flows. The performance of the compensation technique is validated in turbulent coaxial jets by combining the cold-wire thermometer and interference probe to form a three-wire probe. Given that the three-wire probe can be employed to obtain simultaneous measurements of velocity and multiple scalars, it can therefore be used investigate phenomena such as multi-scalar mixing, including differential diffusion.

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Hewes, Alaïs, and Laurent Mydlarski. "Simultaneous measurements of velocity, gas concentration, and temperature by way of thermal-anemometry-based probes." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (October 21, 2021): 015301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac2ca5.

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Abstract Many natural and engineering flows transport more than one scalar. Moreover, to study the scalar mixing therein, knowledge of the velocity field is also essential. For this reason, the present work describes the development of a three-wire thermal-anemometry-based probe to simultaneously measure velocity, helium concentration, and temperature in turbulent flows. It is first demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that the temperature measured by a cold-wire thermometer is effectively insensitive to helium concentration. Then, building on recent work by Hewes and Mydlarski (2021 Meas. Sci. Technol. 32 105305), which pertains to the design of interference probes (i.e. thermal-anemometry-based probes used to measure velocity and gas concentration), a novel temperature compensation technique is proposed to extend their use to non-isothermal flows. The performance of the compensation technique is validated in turbulent coaxial jets by combining the cold-wire thermometer and interference probe to form a three-wire probe. Given that the three-wire probe can be employed to obtain simultaneous measurements of velocity and multiple scalars, it can therefore be used investigate phenomena such as multi-scalar mixing, including differential diffusion.

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Mostovoy, Anton, Andrey Shcherbakov, Andrey Yakovlev, Sergey Arzamastsev, and Marina Lopukhova. "Reinforced Epoxy Composites Modified with Functionalized Graphene Oxide." Polymers 14, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020338.

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The possibility of using graphene oxide as a modifying additive for polymer fiber-reinforced composites based on epoxy resin and basalt roving has been studied. The content of graphene oxide in the system has been experimentally selected, which has the best effect on the physico-mechanical properties of the obtained polymer composite material. The efficiency of the modification of the graphene oxide surface with APTES finishing additives and aminoacetic acid, which provides chemical interaction at the polymer matrix–filler interface, has been considered. The influence of graphene oxide and functionalizing additives on the polymer curing process was investigated using the thermometric method and differential scanning calorimetry.

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Ribeiro, Mariana Da Silva, Marcelo Borges dos Santos Junior, Marina Tomaz Gonçalves De Moraes, Paula Gebe Abreu Cabral, Fernanda Antunes, and André Lacerda de Abreu Oliveira. "Infrared Video Thermometry Guidance for Surgical Correction of Chylothorax in Dogs." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (February 14, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.86205.

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Background: Macroscopic identification of the extravasation site of chyle in patients with chylothorax is a major challenge. Current forms of identification are invasive and/or expose patients to radiation, as in computerized tomography and radiography. A prototype device that uses infrared video thermometry images to detect temperature increments of 0.1ºC has been developed. This device can process and show real-time images or video on a monitor during surgeries. Therefore, the aim of this work was to report the first successful case in which this innovative device was tested in the transoperative period to identify the thoracic duct and its tributaries in a chylothorax surgery performed in a dog.Case: A 2-year-old male dog of the Shiba Inu breed was presented to the veterinary hospital with exercise intolerance, cough, emaciation, and no history of trauma. Clinical examination was performed along with complete blood count, biochemical analysis, and thoracic radiography. The patient exhibited dyspnea and had diminished breath sounds on chest auscultation. Radiographic images revealed moderate pleural effusion. The dog was anesthetized and submitted to thoracotomy, which enabled visualization of a chylous effusion. A sample of the effusion was collected for cytological and biochemical analyses. Subsequently, pericardiectomy was carried out, and identification of the thoracic duct and its tributaries was guided by an innovative device that generates infrared video thermometry images in real time. The extravasation site of the chylewas visualized on the images shown on a monitor. Consequently, after ligation of the tributary vessel, interruption of chyle overflow could be noticed on the monitor. Thoracotomy was routinely closed, and a drain was placed through an intercostal space after incision. Thirty days after the surgery, the dog exhibited no signs of recurrence. Cytological and biochemical analyses of the effusion revealed an abnormal transudate that had a density of 1,030 g/cm3, alkaline pH, predominance of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and high levels of proteins, triglycerides and cholesterol. These results indicated that the effusion analyzed was chyle.Discussion: Macroscopic aspects of an effusion alone should not be used to make a definitive diagnosis; cytological, physical, and biochemical evaluations are indispensable. The specimen analyzed had a higher concentration of triglycerides than blood, and its cholesterol concentration was lower than that found in blood. Findings like these have already been reported as indicative of chylous effusion. Thoracic duct ligation is the most used technique for correction of chylothorax, and is the technique with better outcomes. Thermometry has already been used for clinical examination in several diseases. However, the innovative device used in this study has the advantage of being noninvasive, and was able to guide the surgeon during the surgery to locate the thoracic duct and precisely identify the tributary lymphatic vessel responsible for the chylous effusion. The physical space occupied by the device did not disturb the surgical team since a small infrared image generator was placed one meter above the patient to take high definition images of the entire animal in the evaluation field. The thermometry device was very useful, non-invasive, and precise to differentiate thoracic structures and to identify the siteof extravasation of chyle. It also allowed a more interactive and precise surgical approach by the surgical team, which was essential to the success of the surgery.Keywords: chyle extravasation, infrared diagnosis, surgery, thorax.

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Andreychyn, Mykhaylo A., Vasyl S. Kopcha, Serhiy I. Klymnyuk, Iuriy M. Andreichyn, Yuliya V. Kopcha, and Andriana A. Halamba. "THERMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE TONSILLITIS AND EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC TONSILLITIS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 3 (2020): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/10.36740/wlek202003101.

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The aim: To elaborate the thermosemiotics of acute and chronic tonsillitis during exacerbation. Materials and methods: 48 patients with acute tonsillitis and 19 patients with chronic tonsillitis were examined during disease exacerbation. Thermographic examination was carried out by the medical thermometer TI-120. Statistical processing of data was carried out with computer program “Microsoft Excel” and “Statistica for Windows” v. 6.0, StatSoft Inc. (USA). Results: Symmetry, homogeneity and isotherm are normal thermographic features of the skin. Presence of hyperthermia in carotid triangle, on the palms were revealed in patients with acute tonsillitis. In chronic tonsillitis in the stage of exacerbation, a moderate overall «warming up» of the neck and projections of the submandibular lymph nodes was also observed. The average temperature indices of the knee joints were statistically significantly higher than the corresponding values in healthy people °C (P<0.01). Conclusion: Only in patients with acute tonsillitis clear strong positive correlation between the temperature of half of the submandibular area and warming in the center of the palm – r = 0.812 ... 0.859 (P<0.01) and in the middle of the tenar on the corresponding side – r = 0.790 ... 0.827 (P<0.01) was observed. Only in the case of chronic tonsillitis, in the stage of exacerbation, the temperature difference over the knees and the lower part of the femur is always greater than 0.5 ºC.

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Fourmentel, Damien, Christelle Reynard-Carette, Abdallah Lyoussi, Jean F. Villard, Jean Y. Malo, Michel Carette, Julie Brun, Philippe Guimbal, and Yves Zerega. "Nuclear Heating Measurements in Material Testing Reactor: A Comparison Between a Differential Calorimeter and a Gamma Thermometer." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 60, no. 1 (February 2013): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2012.2232304.

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Durmaz, Bedriye U., and Ayse Aytac. "Characterization of carbon fiber-reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) composites prepared with various compatibilizers." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319859063.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different compatibilizers on the properties of polyamide-sized carbon fiber-reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) composites. The composites were prepared by using melt blending and injection molding methods by using three different compatibilizers at various loading levels. The characterization of composites was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning thermometer, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope. According to tensile test results, the highest increment in tensile strength and strain at break values of composites was observed with the addition of Joncryl. According to scanning electron microscope and dynamic mechanical analysis results, the best interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber and poly(phenylene sulfide) was obtained by using Joncryl as the compatibilizer.

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Hu, Yuanyan, Najam ul Hasan Abbasi, Shuang Wang, Yao Zhou, Ting Yang, and Yang Zhang. "Implicit and explicit attitudes of Chinese youth toward the second-generation rich." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 3 (April 5, 2017): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.5775.

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We investigated the implicit attitudes of Chinese youth towards the second-generation rich, and the relationship of these with their explicit attitudes. Participants were 119 undergraduate students (58 men and 61 women). Using the Semantic Differential Measure and the Feeling Thermometer Scale, we examined the participants' explicit attitudes, and we used the Implicit Association Test to assess their implicit attitudes toward the second-generation rich. Results showed that the participants did not show a negative implicit attitude towards the secondgeneration rich. However, the participants exhibited a negative explicit attitude toward the second-generation rich. These results are consistent with previous research. This suggests that the second-generation rich can take advantage of these findings and project a more positive image of themselves to other people in China.

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Ponikvar, Dušan. "Experiments on temperature regulation using a Peltier element and PID technique." European Journal of Physics 43, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 035809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ac5b1f.

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Abstract An experiment on temperature regulation was prepared and is regularly conducted in a laboratory course on electronic at the faculty level. The experiment demonstrates the use, problems and solutions with feedback introduced for temperature regulation. The plans for hardware and complete software to run the experiment are freely available at author’s web page. The hardware consists of easily obtainable and cheap components. Temperatures are measured by widely used semiconductor thermometer chips DS18B20 and results are presented on a PC connected to the experiment. The experiment with heating and cooling can be implemented already at a secondary school level, but the theory behind the experiment requires better understanding of mathematics (differential equations) available at faculty level. The experiment is complemented with software simulation to be used in lectures.

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Lombardini, L., and J. A. Flore. "592 Use of Infrared Thermometry and Heat-pulse Technique for Detection of Water Stress in Apple Trees." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 549A—549. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.549a.

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The recent development of small portable infrared thermometers has made canopy temperature an easily measured characteristc in the field. Our objective was to correlate a reduction of soil water with foliage temperature and to compare it with other indicators of plant stress (Pn, E, gs, leaf expansion, sap flow). During Summer 1998, we evaluated the responses of potted apple rootstocks (cultivars Budagowski 9, M9, and Mark) to soil water deficit. Irrigation was withheld for 7 days, and the canopy temperature (Tc) was measured daily with an infrared camera. Tc was always higher than air temperature (Ta). Tc between control and stress plants began to differentiate from day 3. In Mark, this difference was maintained until the end of the experiment. However, gas exchange in Mark seemed to be less affected by the stress than in the other two cultivars. At day 7, midday stomatal conductance (gs) was 38.0, 32.3, and 72.0 mmol·m–2·s–1 in Budagowski 9, M9, and Mark, respectively (control values varied between 161.6 and 164.3 mmol·m–2·s–1 for all the cultivars). Heat-pulse sapflow sensors installed on Mark indicated that the speed of the xylem sap was affected by the stress from day 4 (19-26 cm/h for the controls vs. 15–21 cm/h for the stressed plants). Specific details on the physiological data will be presented.

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PARFIONOV, GEORGE, and ROMÀN R. ZAPATRIN. "HOW "HOT" ARE MIXED QUANTUM STATES?" International Journal of Quantum Information 05, no. 01n02 (February 2007): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749907002803.

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Given a mixed quantum state ρ of a qudit, we consider any observable M as a kind of "thermometer" in the following sense. Given a source which emits pure states with certain distributions, we select distributions such that the appropriate average value of the observable M is equal to the average Tr M ρ of M in the state ρ. Among those distributions we find the most typical, namely, having the highest differential entropy. We call this distribution the conditional Gibbs ensemble as it turns out to be a Gibbs distribution characterized by a temperature-like parameter β. The expressions establishing the liaisons between the density operator ρ and its temperature parameter β are provided. Within this approach, the uniform mixed state has the highest "temperature," which tends to zero as the state in question approaches a pure state.

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Richieri, Mauricio. "Rectal projection of ileo-colic intussusception in a dog: case report." Revista de Educação Continuada em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia do CRMV-SP 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36440/recmvz.v15i3.37633.

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Intestinal intussusceptions and rectal prolapses deserve due attention and care because they have a high occurrence in the surgical clinic and require urgent intervention. Rectal prolapsed ileocecal intussusceptions are not so commonly seen on an outpatient basis and diagnosis is made to differentiate from simple rectal prolapses that does not compromise large intestinal segments and does not usually require celiotomy for its surgical reduction. Rectal examination is necessary in order to verify the difference here, since in simple rectal prolapse the thermometer or probe is not allowed to project between the prolapse and the anus. This report aims to present aspects related to rectal prolapsed ileo-cecal colic intussusception in canine species.

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Bloch, Danielle, John Zicker, Hannah Somhegyi, Patrick Philips, Inder Singh, and Amy Daitch. "1214. Household Transmission of Febrile Illness Measured by Smartphone-Connected Thermometers, United States, 2016-2021." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1406.

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Abstract Background Understanding household transmission dynamics of infectious diseases can help develop mitigation strategies. Traditional methods of population-level disease surveillance do not capture household transmission. Data collected from smartphone-connected thermometers that can differentiate among individuals in a household can be used to study these characteristics. Using this technology, we estimated the household secondary attack rate (SAR) of febrile illness, assessed its correlation with CDC-reported influenza-like illness (ILI) and COVID-19 case incidence, and identified risk factors for secondary transmission. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 596,096 febrile illness index cases recorded from August 1, 2016 to January 20, 2021 in households with two or more individuals in all 50 states. Fevers were measured using the Kinsa Smart Thermometer and mobile device app. Secondary cases were defined as household members who recorded a fever 1–10 days after an index case. We calculated SAR prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic within the study period, and assessed correlation to ILI and COVID-19 case incidence using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Bivariate and multivariable mixed logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for secondary transmission. Results SAR in the pre-COVID-19 period was 5.9% (95% CI: 5.8%–6.0%) during flu season (November to April), and 3.7% (95% CI: 3.6%–3.7%) in flu off-season, and weekly SAR was significantly correlated with ILI reported from CDC (ρ=0.84, p< 0.001). Secondary transmission was 40% more likely to occur in households where the index case’s initial temperature was ≥ 39.1°C. During the COVID-19 period, SAR was 3.3% (95% CI: 3.3%–3.4%), and daily SAR was significantly correlated with national daily COVID-19 incidence rates (ρ=0.86, p< 0.001). Households in census tracts with >50% essential workforce were 50% more likely to experience secondary transmission. Conclusion Household SAR was highly correlated with ILI and COVID-19 cases. Capturing household transmission of febrile illness through routine public health surveillance may identify risk factors for infectious disease transmission, allowing for more targeted interventions. Disclosures Danielle Bloch, MPH, Kinsa Health (Employee, Shareholder) John Zicker, MS, Kinsa Health (Employee, Shareholder) Hannah Somhegyi, PhD, Kinsa Health (Employee, Shareholder) Patrick Philips, n/a, Kinsa Health (Employee, Shareholder) Inder Singh, n/a, Kinsa Health (Board Member, Employee, Shareholder) Amy Daitch, PhD, Kinsa Health (Employee, Shareholder)

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Aytar, Oktay. "Design of A 5-Bit Fully Parallel Analog to Digital Converter Using Common Gate Differrential Mos Pair-Based Comparator." Journal of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2015-0041.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel comparator structure based on the common gate differential MOS pair. The proposed comparator has been applied to fully parallel analog to digital converter (A/D converter). Furthermore, this article presents 5 bit fully parallel A/D Converter design using the cadence IC5141 design platform and NCSU(North Carolina State University) design kit with 0.18 μm CMOS technology library. The proposed fully parallel A/D converter consist of resistor array block, comparator block, 1-n decoder block and programmable logic array. The 1-n decoder block includes latch block and thermometer code circuit that is implemented using transmission gate based multiplexer circuit. Thus, sampling frequency and analog bandwidth are increased. The INL and DNL of the proposed fully parallel A/D converter are (0/ + 0.63) LSB and (−0.26/ + 0.31) LSB at a sampling frequency of 5 GS/s with an input signal of 50 MHz, respectively. The proposed fully parallel A/D Converter consumes 340 mW from 1.8 V supply.

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de Winter, Niels J., Johan Vellekoop, Robin Vorsselmans, Asefeh Golreihan, Jeroen Soete, Sierra V. Petersen, Kyle W. Meyer, Silvio Casadio, Robert P. Speijer, and Philippe Claeys. "An assessment of latest Cretaceous <i>Pycnodonte vesicularis</i> (Lamarck, 1806) shells as records for palaeoseasonality: a multi-proxy investigation." Climate of the Past 14, no. 6 (June 8, 2018): 725–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-725-2018.

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Abstract. In order to assess the potential of the honeycomb oyster Pycnodonte vesicularis for the reconstruction of palaeoseasonality, several specimens recovered from late Maastrichtian strata in the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) were subject to a multi-proxy investigation, involving scanning techniques and trace element and isotopic analysis. Combined CT scanning and light microscopy reveals two calcite microstructures in P. vesicularis shells (vesicular and foliated calcite). Micro-XRF analysis and cathodoluminescence microscopy show that reducing pore fluids were able to migrate through the vesicular portions of the shells (aided by bore holes) and cause recrystallization of the vesicular calcite. This renders the vesicular portions not suitable for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. In contrast, stable isotope and trace element compositions show that the original chemical composition of the foliated calcite is well-preserved and can be used for the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions. Stable oxygen and clumped isotope thermometry on carbonate from the dense hinge of the shell yield sea water temperatures of 11°C, while previous TEX86H palaeothermometry yielded much higher temperatures. The difference is ascribed to seasonal bias in the growth of P. vesicularis, causing warm seasons to be underrepresented from the record, while TEX86H palaeothermometry seems to be biased towards warmer surface water temperatures. The multi-proxy approach employed here enables us to differentiate between well-preserved and diagenetically altered portions of the shells and provides an improved methodology for reconstructing palaeoenvironmental conditions in deep time. While establishing a chronology for these shells was complicated by growth cessations and diagenesis, cyclicity in trace elements and stable isotopes allowed for a tentative interpretation of the seasonal cycle in late Maastrichtian palaeoenvironment of the Neuquén Basin. Attempts to independently verify the seasonality in sea water temperature by Mg ∕ Ca ratios of shell calcite are hampered by significant uncertainty due to the lack of proper transfer functions for pycnodontein oysters. Future studies of fossil ostreid bivalves should target dense, foliated calcite rather than sampling bulk or vesicular calcite. Successful application of clumped isotope thermometry on fossil bivalve calcite in this study indicates that temperature seasonality in fossil ostreid bivalves may be constrained by the sequential analysis of well-preserved foliated calcite samples using this method.

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