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Статті в журналах з теми "- different object task"
1
Barrett, Maeve M., and Fiona N. Newell. "Developmental processes in audiovisual object recognition and object location." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated whether performance in recognising and locating target objects benefited from the simultaneous presentation of a crossmodal cue. Furthermore, we examined whether these ‘what’ and ‘where’ tasks were affected by developmental processes by testing across different age groups. Using the same set of stimuli, participants conducted either an object recognition task, or object location task. For the recognition task, participants were required to respond to two of four target objects (animals) and withhold response to the remaining two objects. For the location task, participants responded when an object occupied either of two target locations and withheld response if the object occupied a different location. Target stimuli were presented either by vision alone, audition alone, or bimodally. In both tasks cross-modal cues were either congruent or incongruent. The results revealed that response time performance in both the object recognition task and in the object location task benefited from the presence of a congruent cross-modal cue, relative to incongruent or unisensory conditions. In the younger adult group, the effect was strongest for response times although the same pattern was found for accuracy in the object location task but not for the recognition task. Following recent studies on multisensory integration in children (e.g., Brandwein, 2010; Gori, 2008), we then tested performance in children (i.e., 8–14 year olds) using the same task. Although overall performance was affected by age, our findings suggest interesting parallels in the benefit of congruent, cross-modal cues between children and adults, for both object recognition and location tasks.
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Tyler, L. K., E. A. Stamatakis, P. Bright, K. Acres, S. Abdallah, J. M. Rodd, and H. E. Moss. "Processing Objects at Different Levels of Specificity." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 3 (April 2004): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892904322926692.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How objects are represented and processed in the brain is a central topic in cognitive neuroscience. Previous studies have shown that knowledge of objects is represented in a featurebased distributed neural system primarily involving occipital and temporal cortical regions. Research with nonhuman primates suggest that these features are structured in a hierarchical system with posterior neurons in the inferior temporal cortex representing simple features and anterior neurons in the perirhinal cortex representing complex conjunctions of features (Bussey & Saksida, 2002; Murray & Bussey, 1999). On this account, the perirhinal cortex plays a crucial role in object identification by integrating information from different sensory systems into more complex polymodal feature conjunctions. We tested the implications of these claims for human object processing in an event-related fMRI study in which we presented colored pictures of common objects for 19 subjects to name at two levels of specificity-basic and domain. We reasoned that domain-level naming requires access to a coarsergrained representation of objects, thus involving only posterior regions of the inferior temporal cortex. In contrast, basic-level naming requires finer-grained discrimination to differentiate between similar objects, and thus should involve anterior temporal regions, including the perirhinal cortex. We found that object processing always activated the fusiform gyrus bilaterally, irrespective of the task, whereas the perirhinal cortex was only activated when the task required finer-grained discriminations. These results suggest that the same kind of hierarchical structure, which has been proposed for object processing in the monkey temporal cortex, functions in the human.
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Quaney, Barbara M., Randolph J. Nudo, and Kelly J. Cole. "Can Internal Models of Objects be Utilized for Different Prehension Tasks?" Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 4 (April 2005): 2021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00599.2004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examined if object information obtained during one prehension task is used to produce fingertip forces for handling the same object in a different prehension task. Our observations address the task specificity of the internal models presumed to issue commands for grasping and transporting objects. Two groups participated in a 2-day experiment in which they lifted a novel object (230 g; 1.2 g/cm3). On Day One, the high force group (HFG) lifted the object by applying 10 N of grip force prior to applying vertical lift force. This disrupted the usual coordination of grip and lift forces and represented a higher grip force than necessary. The self-selected force group (SSFG) lifted the object on Day One with no instructions regarding their grip or lift forces. They first generated grip forces of 5.8 N, which decreased to 2.6 N by the 10th lift. Four hours later, they lifted the same object in the manner of the HFG. On Day Two, both groups lifted the same object “naturally and comfortably” with the opposite hand. The SSFG began Day Two using a grip force of 2.5 N, consistent with the acquisition of an accurate object representation during Day One. The HFG began Day Two using accurately scaled lift forces, but produced grip forces that virtually replicated those of the SSFG on Day One. We concur with recent suggestions that separate, independently adapted internal models produce grip and lift commands. The object representation that scaled lift force was not available to scale grip force. Furthermore, the concept of a general-purpose object representation that is available across prehension tasks was not supported.
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Mecklinger, A., and N. Müller. "Dissociations in the Processing of “What” and “Where” Information in Working Memory: An Event-Related Potential Analysis." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8, no. 5 (September 1996): 453–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.5.453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on recent research that suggests that the processing of spatial and object information in the primate brain involves functionally and anatomically different systems, we examined whether the encoding and retention of object and spatial information in working memory are associated with different ERP components. In a study-test procedure subjects were asked to either remember simple geometric objects presented in a 4 by 4 spatial matrix irrespective of their position (object memory task) or to remember spatial positions of the objects irrespective of their forms (spatial memory task). The EEG was recorded from 13 electrodes during the study phase and the test phase. Recognition performance (reaction time and accuracy) was not different for the two memory tasks. PCA analyses suggest that the same four ERP components are evoked in the study phase by both tasks, which could be identified as N100, P200, P300, and slow wave. ERPs started to differ as a function of memory task 225 msec after stimulus onset at the posterior recording sites: An occipital maximal P200 component, lateralized to the right posterior temporal recording site, was observed for the object memory but not for the spatial memory task. Between-tasks differences were also obtained for P300 scalp distribution. Moreover, ERPs evoked by objects that were remembered later were more positive than ERPs to objects that were not remembered, starting at 400 msec postsimulus. The PCA analysis suggest that P300 and a slow wave following P300 at the frontal recordings contribute to these differences. A similar differential effect was not found between positions remembered or not remembered later. Post hoc analyses revealed that the absence of such effects in the spatial memory task could be due to less elaborated mnemonic strategies used in the spatial task compared to the object memory task. In the face of two additional behavioral experiments showing that subjects exclusively encode object features in the object memory task and spatial stimulus features in the spatial memory task, the present data provide evidence that encoding and rehearsal of object and spatial information in working memory are subserved by functionally and anatomically different subsystems.
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Proud, Keaton, James B. Heald, James N. Ingram, Jason P. Gallivan, Daniel M. Wolpert, and J. Randall Flanagan. "Separate motor memories are formed when controlling different implicitly specified locations on a tool." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 1342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00526.2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Skillful manipulation requires forming and recalling memories of the dynamics of objects linking applied force to motion. It has been assumed that such memories are associated with entire objects. However, we often control different locations on an object, and these locations may be associated with different dynamics. We have previously demonstrated that multiple memories can be formed when participants are explicitly instructed to control different visual points marked on an object. A key question is whether this novel finding generalizes to more natural situations in which control points are implicitly defined by the task. To answer this question, we used objects with no explicit control points and tasks designed to encourage the use of distinct implicit control points. Participants moved a handle, attached to a robotic interface, to control the position of a rectangular object (“eraser”) in the horizontal plane. Participants were required to move the eraser straight ahead to wipe away a column of dots (“dust”), located to either the left or right. We found that participants adapted to opposing dynamics when linked to the left and right dust locations, even though the movements required for these two contexts were the same. Control conditions showed this learning could not be accounted for by contextual cues or the fact that the task goal required moving in a straight line. These results suggest that people naturally control different locations on manipulated objects depending on the task context and that doing so affords the formation of separate motor memories. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Skilled manipulation requires forming motor memories of object dynamics, which have been assumed to be associated with entire objects. However, we recently demonstrated that people can form multiple memories when explicitly instructed to control different visual points on an object. In this article we show that this novel finding generalizes to more natural situations in which control points are implicitly defined by the task.
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Kitayama, Shinobu, Sean Duffy, Tadashi Kawamura, and Jeff T. Larsen. "Perceiving an Object and Its Context in Different Cultures." Psychological Science 14, no. 3 (May 2003): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.02432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In two studies, a newly devised test (framed-line test) was used to examine the hypothesis that individuals engaging in Asian cultures are more capable of incorporating contextual information and those engaging in North American cultures are more capable of ignoring contextual information. On each trial, participants were presented with a square frame, within which was printed a vertical line. Participants were then shown another square frame of the same or different size and asked to draw a line that was identical to the first line in either absolute length (absolute task) or proportion to the height of the surrounding frame (relative task). The results supported the hypothesis: Whereas Japanese were more accurate in the relative task, Americans were more accurate in the absolute task. Moreover, when engaging in another culture, individuals tended to show the cognitive characteristic common in the host culture.
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Soans, Melisa Andrea. "Review on Different Methods for Real Time Object Detection for Visually Impaired." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 3414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: Real-time object detection is the task of doing object detection in real-time with fast inference while main- taining a base level of accuracy. Real time object detection helps the visually impaired detect the objects around them. Object detection can be done using different models such as the yolov3 model and the ssd mobilenet model. This paper aims to review and analyze the implementation and performance of various methodologies for real time object detection which will help the visually impaired. Each technique has its advantages and limitations. This paper helps in the review of different methods and help in selecting the best method for object detection.
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Şık, Ayhan, Petra van Nieuwehuyzen, Jos Prickaerts, and Arjan Blokland. "Performance of different mouse strains in an object recognition task." Behavioural Brain Research 147, no. 1-2 (December 2003): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(03)00117-7.
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Tinguria, Ajay, and R. Sudhakar. "Extracting Task Designs Using Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 11, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2022.v11i07.007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several applications generate large volumes of data on movements including vehicle navigation, fleet management, wildlife tracking and in the near future cell phone tracking. Such applications require support to manage the growing volumes of movement data. Understanding how an object moves in space and time is fundamental to the development of an appropriate movement model of the object. Many objects are dynamic and their positions change with time. The ability to reason about the changing positions of moving objects over time thus becomes crucial. Explanations on movements of an object require descriptions of the patterns they exhibit over space and time. Every moving object exhibits a wide range of patterns some of which repeat but not exactly over space and time such as an animal foraging or a delivery truck moving about a city. Even though movement patterns are not exactly the same, they are not completely different. Moving objects may move on the same or nearly similar paths and visit the same locations over time. In this paper we discuss some technique of fuzzy approaches.
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Müller, Dagmar, István Winkler, Urte Roeber, Susann Schaffer, István Czigler, and Erich Schröger. "Visual Object Representations Can Be Formed outside the Focus of Voluntary Attention: Evidence from Event-related Brain Potentials." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 6 (June 2010): 1179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is an ongoing debate whether visual object representations can be formed outside the focus of voluntary attention. Recently, implicit behavioral measures suggested that grouping processes can occur for task-irrelevant visual stimuli, thus supporting theories of preattentive object formation (e.g., Lamy, D., Segal, H., & Ruderman, L. Grouping does not require attention. Perception and Psychophysics, 68, 17–31, 2006; Russell, C., & Driver, J. New indirect measures of “inattentive” visual grouping in a change-detection task. Perception and Psychophysics, 67, 606–623, 2005). We developed an ERP paradigm that allows testing for visual grouping when neither the objects nor its constituents are related to the participant's task. Our paradigm is based on the visual mismatch negativity ERP component, which is elicited by stimuli deviating from a regular stimulus sequence even when the stimuli are ignored. Our stimuli consisted of four pairs of colored discs that served as objects. These objects were presented isochronously while participants were engaged in a task related to the continuously presented fixation cross. Occasionally, two color deviances occurred simultaneously either within the same object or across two different objects. We found significant ERP differences for same- versus different-object deviances, supporting the notion that forming visual object representations by grouping can occur outside the focus of voluntary attention. Also our behavioral experiment, in which participants responded to color deviances—thus, this time the discs but, again, not the objects were task relevant—showed that the object status matters. Our results stress the importance of early grouping processes for structuring the perceptual world.
Дисертації з теми "- different object task"
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CARBONCINO, Anna. "Role of dorsal and ventral hippocampus in Working Memory load capacity." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/960055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The hippocampus has been traditionally associated to spatial long-term memory (LTM). It is believed that the hippocampus has a limited role in working memory (WM). Nevertheless, recent evidence suggested that it is involved in WM in high memory load (HML) conditions. The WM load is the number of elements retained in memory for a short time interval. This number of elements is limited and it is called working memory capacity (WMC). The aim of this work is to study the role of the hippocampus in WMC in CD1 mice. Anatomic studies suggested, however, that the hippocampus is subdivided into distinct dorsal and ventral portions. To study the role of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus in WMC in CD1 mice we used a neurotoxic selective dorsal and ventral hippocampal lesion approach. We tested control and lesioned mice in a WMC version of the radial maze task using a confinement procedure to force the animals to rely on allocentric spatial information. Both lesioned groups showed impaired spatial WMC. Removal of the confinement procedure favored in control mice the use of a sequential egocentric strategy, which lowered the number of errors by lowering the memory load. Dorsal hippocampus lesioned mice shifted to the sequential strategy as well as control mice, and showed impaired performance only with the highest memory load. In contrast, the ventral lesioned group showed a major deficit in the acquisition of the sequential strategy, and a consequent impaired WM performance. Then, when these same mice have been tested in a WMC task for objects, only the dorsal group showed the impairment. Finally, we tested both control and lesioned mice in a massive protocol of the Morris water maze task, the classical hippocampus - dependent spatial LTM task and both lesioned groups were impaired. These data suggest that both the dorsal and the ventral hippocampus are involved in WMC, as well as in LTM, for spatial information. The ventral hippocampus is more involved in mediating the acquisition of egocentric strategies to solve a spatial task. In contrast, only the dorsal part regulates WMC for objects. Therefore, this study provides an important contribution to the role of the hippocampus subregions along its septo-temporal axis in WMC.
Книги з теми "- different object task"
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Zahavi, Dan. Introspection and reflection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199684830.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rejecting the proposal that the aim of phenomenology is to provide refined descriptions of inner experiences, the chapter first discusses Husserl’s distinction between phenomenology and psychology. It next considers his employment of reflection, contrasts his position with that of Bergson, and outlines how Husserl operates with different concepts of reflection, and how a central task of phenomenological analysis is to account for the constitution of the object of consciousness. Phenomenological reflection does not only target experiential structures. It also investigates the object of experience, and the correlational a priori that holds between the experienced object and the different modes of givenness.
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Di Paolo, Ezequiel A., Thomas Buhrmann, and Xabier E. Barandiaran. Structures of sensorimotor engagement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786849.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The idea of lawful relations between sensory and motor patterns, or sensorimotor contingencies (SMCs), lies at the heart of sensorimotor approaches to perception. Yet despite the concept’s importance, surprisingly few attempts have been made to define it formally. On closer inspection, the notion admits different interpretations. In this chapter, a dynamical formalization of agent–environment interaction serves as the starting point to identify four kinds of SMCs, which are defined in operational terms. These are the notions of sensorimotor environment (open-loop motor-induced sensory variations), sensorimotor habitat (closed-loop sensorimotor trajectories), sensorimotor coordination (reliable sensorimotor patterns playing a functional role), and sensorimotor scheme (normative organization of sensorimotor coordination events). The definitions are put to the test in a simple simulated object-discrimination task and their effect on the conceptual development and empirical, as well as model-based testing of the claims of the sensorimotor approach is discussed.
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Lobina, David J. On recursive parsing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785156.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The processing of a linguistic expression, when viewed as a complex of (Specifier)-Head-Complement(s) phrases (SHCs), whilst suggestive of a recursive solution—that is, a sentence is a matrix SHC (subject-verb-object) composed of internal SHCs and the completion of the overall task is divisible into smaller but equivalent subtasks—in fact proceeds iteratively. This is here shown by manipulating the memory load of processing SHCs and measuring the reaction times of participants to extraneous tones placed at specific places within a sentence. The results show that there is a decreasing tendency in reaction times across a sentence, this pattern being explained in terms of two different types of uncertainty, a linguistic type and a more perceptual type. The results are discussed in the context of classic results with the tone-monitoring technique and future work along these lines is announced.
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Itti, Laurent, and Ali Borji. Computational Models. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter reviews recent progress in computational modelling of visual attention. The authors start with early concepts and models, which have emphasized stimulus-driven guidance of attention towards salient objects in the visual world. They then present a taxonomy of the many different approaches which have emerged in recent research efforts. They then turn to the more complex problem of modelling top-down, task- and goal-driven influences on attention. While early top-down models have been more qualitative in nature, the authors describe several recent fully computational approaches that address top-down biasing in space, over features, and towards objects. This chapter finally provides an outlook and describes promising future research directions.
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Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Multisensory Interactions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter shows that multiple sensory information sources can generally be integrated in a similar fashion. However, seeing that different modalities are grounded in different frames of reference, integrations will focus on space or on identities. Body-relative spaces integrate information about the body and the surrounding space in body-relative frames of reference, integrating the available information across modalities in an approximately optimal manner. Simple topological neural population encodings are well-suited to generate estimates about stimulus locations and to map several frames of reference onto each other. Self-organizing neural networks are introduced as the basic computation mechanism that enables the learning of such mappings. Multisensory object recognition, on the other hand, is realized most effectively in an object-specific frame of reference – essentially abstracting away from body-relative frames of reference. Cognitive maps, that is, maps of the environment are learned by connecting locations over space and time. The hippocampus strongly supports the learning of cognitive maps, as it supports the generation of new episodic memories, suggesting a strong relation between these two computational tasks. In conclusion, multisensory integration yields internal predictive structures about spaces and object identities, which are well-suited to plan, decide on, and control environmental interactions.
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Balafrej, Lamia. The Making of the Artist in Late Timurid Painting. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474437431.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book constitutes the first exploration of artistic self-reflection in Islamic art. In the absence of a tradition of self-portraiture, how could artists signal their presence within a painting? Centred on late Timurid manuscript painting (ca. 1470-1500), this book reveals that pictures could function as the painter’s delegate, charged with the task of centring and defining artistic work, even as they did not represent the artist’s likeness. Influenced by the culture of the majlis, an institutional gathering devoted to intricate literary performances and debates, late Timurid painters used a number of strategies to shift manuscript painting from an illustrative device to a self-reflective object, designed to highlight the artist’s imagination and manual dexterity. These strategies include visual abundance, linear precision, the incorporation of inscriptions addressing aspects of the painting and the artist’s signature. Focusing on one of the most iconic manuscripts of the Persianate tradition, the Cairo Bustan made in late Timurid Herat and bearing the signatures of the painter Bihzad, this book explores Persian manuscript painting as a medium for artistic performance and self-representation, a process by which artistic authority was shaped and discussed. In addition, each chapter explores a different theme: how painters challenged the conventions of royal representation (chapter 1); the role of writing in painting, its relation to ekphrasis and the context of the majlis (chapter 2); image, mimesis and potential world (Chapter 3); the line and its calligraphic quality (Chapter 4); signature (Chapter 5); the mobility of manuscripts (epilogue).
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Leoni, Federico. From Madness to Mental Illness. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores Michel Foucault's contribution to a critical assessment of modern and contemporary psychiatric practice. It focuses firstly on theHistory of Madness(1961): the social, political, cultural, epistemological construction of the object "psychiatric patient" and "psychiatric pathology"; the gradual historical shift from "madness" to "psychiatric pathology" and its social and epistemological consequences; the horizons and limits of the romantic task Foucault assumes on this basis (namely, the idea of letting the voice of madness come back and speak again, "under" the language and categories of medical knowledge); the critique Jacques Derrida formulated (Writing and Difference, 1967) about this project, and particularly about Foucault's reading of Descartes. Secondly, it examines Foucault's course onPsychiatric Power(1975), focusing on the sociopolitical consequences of this medicalization process: i.e., the construction of the object "psychiatric patient" as "disciplinated bodies", and the general context of this anthropological metamorphosis Foucault studied in his booksDiscipline and Punish,The Will to Knowledge, and in his courseNaissance de la biopolitique(namely, the shift, during the last two centuries, from a disciplinary model to a biopolitical model of power and, more specifically, of administration of mental illness and mental health).
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Kramer, Paul Gordon. Queer Politics in Contemporary Turkey. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529214840.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Queerness is an index of the things people say about us, our personal traumas, sexual experiences, the institutions that help us and harm us, the movies that make no effort to represent us, the politicians that inspire majorities to assault us. How do we talk about queer politics if the power relations we find ourselves in are so diverse, so dramatically different across the board? It is not simply that the state confines us. It’s everyday life, public encounters, banal objects, subjective and physical experiences that result in unique power relationships between queers and institutions. What’s more, we shape these politics as much as we are shaped by them. In this work, I demonstrate the diverging, fluctuating ways queer and trans people are governed in contemporary Turkey.
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Kutcher, Norman A. Eunuch and Emperor in the Great Age of Qing Rule. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297524.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chinese eunuchs have long been an object of fascination, but shockingly little is known about them. Castrated so as to maintain the integrity of the imperial line by ensuring that any child born in the palace is the emperor’s, most of these servants lived out their lives in obscurity, performing the menial tasks that kept the palace functioning. Some rose to prominence, becoming imperial advisors and confidants. A few became infamous, flattering their way into the emperor’s good graces and slowly arrogating power. Usurping eunuchs were a perennial threat to imperial rule, and were blamed for the downfall of dynasties. In this book, Norman Kutcher uses a wealth of sources to study eunuchs and their distinctive place in Chinese rulership during the first 150 years of the Qing dynasty. This period encompassed the reigns of three of China’s most important emperors: Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong. In different ways, each was deeply affected by the legacy of prior dynasties’ eunuch power. How they sought to prevent a return to eunuch excesses, and how eunuchs flourished in the face of restrictions imposed upon them, is the subject of this groundbreaking book.
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Ufimtseva, Nataliya V., Iosif A. Sternin, and Elena Yu Myagkova. Russian psycholinguistics: results and prospects (1966–2021): a research monograph. Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/978-5-6045633-7-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph reflects the problems of Russian psycholinguistics from the moment of its inception in Russia to the present day and presents its main directions that are currently developing. In addition, theoretical developments and practical results obtained in the framework of different directions and research centers are described in a concise form. The task of the book is to reflect, as far as it is possible in one edition, firstly, the history of the formation of Russian psycholinguistics; secondly, its methodology and developed methods; thirdly, the results obtained in different research centers and directions in different regions of Russia; fourthly, to outline the main directions of the further development of Russian psycholinguistics. There is no doubt that in the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects, the main problems and the results of their development by Russian psycholinguistics have no analogues in world linguistics and psycholinguistics, or are represented by completely original concepts and methods. We have tried to show this uniqueness of the problematics and the methodological equipment of Russian psycholinguistics in this book. The main role in the formation of Russian psycholinguistics was played by the Moscow psycholinguistic school of A.A. Leontyev. It still defines the main directions of Russian psycholinguistics. Russian psycholinguistics (the theory of speech activity - TSA) is based on the achievements of Russian psychology: a cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena L.S. Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontyev. Moscow is the most "psycholinguistic region" of Russia - INL RAS, Moscow State University, Moscow State Linguistic University, RUDN, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Sechenov University, Moscow State University and other Moscow universities. Saint Petersburg psycholinguists have significant achievements, especially in the study of neurolinguistic problems, ontolinguistics. The most important feature of Russian psycholinguistics is the widespread development of psycholinguistics in the regions, the emergence of recognized psycholinguistic research centers - St. Petersburg, Tver, Saratov, Perm, Ufa, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Kursk, Chelyabinsk; psycholinguistics is represented in Cherepovets, Ivanovo, Volgograd, Vyatka, Kaluga, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Abakan, Maikop, Barnaul, Ulan-Ude, Yakutsk, Syktyvkar, Armavir and other cities; in Belarus - Minsk, in Ukraine - Lvov, Chernivtsi, Kharkov, in the DPR - Donetsk, in Kazakhstan - Alma-Ata, Chimkent. Our researchers work in Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, China, France, Switzerland. There are Russian psycholinguists in Canada, USA, Israel, Austria and a number of other countries. All scientists from these regions and countries have contributed to the development of Russian psycholinguistics, to the development of psycholinguistic theory and methods of psycholinguistic research. Their participation has not been forgotten. We tried to present the main Russian psycholinguists in the Appendix - in the sections "Scientometrics", "Monographs and Manuals" and "Dissertations", even if there is no information about them in the Electronic Library and RSCI. The principles of including scientists in the scientometric list are presented in the Appendix. Our analysis of the content of the resulting monograph on psycholinguistic research in Russia allows us to draw preliminary conclusions about some of the distinctive features of Russian psycholinguistics: 1. cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena of L.S.Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontiev as methodological basis of Russian psycholinguistics; 2. theoretical nature of psycholinguistic research as a characteristic feature of Russian psycholinguistics. Our psycholinguistics has always built a general theory of the generation and perception of speech, mental vocabulary, linked specific research with the problems of ontogenesis, the relationship between language and thinking; 3. psycholinguistic studies of speech communication as an important subject of psycholinguistics; 4. attention to the psycholinguistic analysis of the text and the development of methods for such analysis; 5. active research into the ontogenesis of linguistic ability; 6. investigation of linguistic consciousness as one of the important subjects of psycholinguistics; 7. understanding the need to create associative dictionaries of different types as the most important practical task of psycholinguistics; 8. widespread use of psycholinguistic methods for applied purposes, active development of applied psycholinguistics. The review of the main directions of development of Russian psycholinguistics, carried out in this monograph, clearly shows that the direction associated with the study of linguistic consciousness is currently being most intensively developed in modern Russian psycholinguistics. As the practice of many years of psycholinguistic research in our country shows, the subject of study of psycholinguists is precisely linguistic consciousness - this is a part of human consciousness that is responsible for generating, understanding speech and keeping language in consciousness. Associative experiments are the core of most psycholinguistic techniques and are important both theoretically and practically. The following main areas of practical application of the results of associative experiments can be outlined. 1. Education. Associative experiments are the basis for constructing Mind Maps, one of the most promising tools for systematizing knowledge, assessing the quality, volume and nature of declarative knowledge (and using special techniques and skills). Methods based on smart maps are already widely used in teaching foreign languages, fast and deep immersion in various subject areas. 2. Information search, search optimization. The results of associative experiments can significantly improve the quality of information retrieval, its efficiency, as well as adaptability for a specific person (social group). When promoting sites (promoting them in search results), an associative experiment allows you to increase and improve the quality of the audience reached. 3. Translation studies, translation automation. An associative experiment can significantly improve the quality of translation, take into account intercultural and other social characteristics of native speakers. 4. Computational linguistics and automatic word processing. The results of associative experiments make it possible to reveal the features of a person's linguistic consciousness and contribute to the development of automatic text processing systems in a wide range of applications of natural language interfaces of computer programs and robotic solutions. 5. Advertising. The use of data on associations for specific words, slogans and texts allows you to predict and improve advertising texts. 6. Social relationships. The analysis of texts using the data of associative experiments makes it possible to assess the tonality of messages (negative / positive moods, aggression and other characteristics) based on user comments on the Internet and social networks, in the press in various projections (by individuals, events, organizations, etc.) from various social angles, to diagnose the formation of extremist ideas. 7. Content control and protection of personal data. Associative experiments improve the quality of content detection and filtering by identifying associative fields in areas subject to age restrictions, personal information, tobacco and alcohol advertising, incitement to ethnic hatred, etc. 8. Gender and individual differences. The data of associative experiments can be used to compare the reactions (and, in general, other features of thinking) between men and women, different social and age groups, representatives of different regions. The directions for the further development of Russian psycholinguistics from the standpoint of the current state of psycholinguistic science in the country are seen by us, first of all: in the development of research in various areas of linguistic consciousness, which will contribute to the development of an important concept of speech as a verbal model of non-linguistic consciousness, in which knowledge revealed by social practice and assigned by each member of society during its inculturation is consolidated for society and on its behalf; in the expansion of the problematics, which is formed under the influence of the growing intercultural communication in the world community, which inevitably involves the speech behavior of natural and artificial bilinguals in the new object area of psycholinguistics; in using the capabilities of national linguistic corpora in the interests of researchers studying the functioning of non-linguistic and linguistic consciousness in speech processes; in expanding research on the semantic perception of multimodal texts, the scope of which has greatly expanded in connection with the spread of the Internet as a means of communication in the life of modern society; in the inclusion of the problems of professional communication and professional activity in the object area of psycholinguistics in connection with the introduction of information technologies into public practice, entailing the emergence of new professions and new features of the professional ethos; in the further development of the theory of the mental lexicon (identifying the role of different types of knowledge in its formation and functioning, the role of the word as a unit of the mental lexicon in the formation of the image of the world, as well as the role of the natural / internal metalanguage and its specificity in speech activity); in the broad development of associative lexicography, which will meet the most diverse needs of society and cognitive sciences. The development of associative lexicography may lead to the emergence of such disciplines as associative typology, associative variantology, associative axiology; in expanding the spheres of applied use of psycholinguistics in social sciences, sociology, semasiology, lexicography, in the study of the brain, linguodidactics, medicine, etc. This book is a kind of summarizing result of the development of Russian psycholinguistics today. Each section provides a bibliography of studies on the relevant issue. The Appendix contains the scientometrics of leading Russian psycholinguists, basic monographs, psycholinguistic textbooks and dissertations defended in psycholinguistics. The content of the publications presented here is convincing evidence of the relevance of psycholinguistic topics and the effectiveness of the development of psycholinguistic problems in Russia.
Частини книг з теми "- different object task"
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Singer, David, Dorian Rohner, and Dominik Henrich. "Robot-Based Creation of Complete 3D Workpiece Models." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021, 289–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74032-0_24.
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AbstractA complete object database containing a model (representing geometric and texture information) of every possible workpiece is a common necessity e.g. for different object recognition or task planning approaches. The generation of these models is often a tedious process. In this paper we present a fully automated approach to tackle this problem by generating complete workpiece models using a robotic manipulator. A workpiece is recorded by a depth sensor from multiple views for one side, then turned, and captured from the other side. The resulting point clouds are merged into one complete model. Additionally, we represent the information provided by the object’s texture using keypoints. We present a proof of concept and evaluate the precision of the final models. In the end we conclude the usefulness of our approach showing a precision of around 1 mm for the resulting models.
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Iwamura, Masakazu, Yoshihiko Inoue, Kazunori Minatani, and Koichi Kise. "Suitable Camera and Rotation Navigation for People with Visual Impairment on Looking for Something Using Object Detection Technique." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 495–509. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58796-3_57.
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AbstractFor people with visual impairment, smartphone apps that use computer vision techniques to provide visual information have played important roles in supporting their daily lives. However, they can be used under a specific condition only. That is, only when the user knows where the object of interest is. In this paper, we first point out the fact mentioned above by categorizing the tasks that obtain visual information using computer vision techniques. Then, in looking for something as a representative task in a category, we argue suitable camera systems and rotation navigation methods. In the latter, we propose novel voice navigation methods. As a result of a user study comprised of seven people with visual impairment, we found that (1) a camera with a wide field of view such as an omnidirectional camera was preferred, and (2) users have different preferences in navigation methods.
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Helbig, Christian, Sandra Hofhues, and Bence Lukács. "Multi-Stakeholder Dialogues as Instrument for Design and Qualitative Research in Educational Organisations." In Digital Transformation of Learning Organizations, 23–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55878-9_2.
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AbstractThe article focuses on the value of group discussions both as a method of organisational development and as a method of empirical social research. These two perspectives are discussed as a “double meaning”, which often occurs simultaneously in different forms. The concept of “multi-stakeholder dialogues” takes up this challenge. Following on from this, dimensions of the design and research of group discussions will be discussed. The contribution relates to the subproject “Multi-stakeholder Dialogues and Qualitative Evaluation” of the joint project “#ko.vernetzt”. The subproject had the task of accompanying, structuring and researching organisational development in a networked educational institution with dialogue formats. A total of nine dialogues were conducted with different groups of participants, six of which were analysed using qualitative methods. The research perspective is based on a concept of organisations from a praxeological perspective and an understanding of organisational culture as collective conjunctive experience. Thus, the object of qualitative research is the reconstruction of typical modus operandi of the processing of requirements. The results show that structural deficits in educational organisations are reproduced and reinforced by digitisation.
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Ponzio, Pablo, Ariel Godio, Nicolás Rosner, Marcelo Arroyo, Nazareno Aguirre, and Marcelo F. Frias. "Efficient Bounded Model Checking of Heap-Manipulating Programs using Tight Field Bounds." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 218–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71500-7_11.
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AbstractSoftware model checkers are able to exhaustively explore different bounded program executions arising from various sources of non-determinism. These tools provide statements to produce non-deterministic values for certain variables, thus forcing the corresponding model checker to consider all possible values for these during verification. While these statements offer an effective way of verifying programs handling basic data types and simple structured types, they are inappropriate as a mechanism for nondeterministic generation of pointers, favoring the use of insertion routines to produce dynamic data structures when verifying, via model checking, programs handling such data types.We present a technique to improve model checking of programs handling heap-allocated data types, by taming the explosion of candidate structures that can be built when non-deterministically initializing heap object fields. The technique exploits precomputed relational bounds, that disregard values deemed invalid by the structure’s type invariant, thus reducing the state space to be explored by the model checker. Precomputing the relational bounds is a challenging costly task too, for which we also present an efficient algorithm, based on incremental SAT solving.We implement our approach on top of the bounded model checker, and show that, for a number of data structures implementations, we can handle significantly larger input structures and detect faults that is unable to detect.
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van Beek, Femke E., Quinten Bisschop, Kaj Gijsbertse, Pieter S. de Vries, and Irene A. Kuling. "A Comparison of Haptic and Auditory Feedback as a Warning Signal for Slip in Tele-Operation Scenarios." In Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications, 101–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06249-0_12.
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AbstractSlip feedback is an important cue in everyday object manipulation, but it is generally missing in tele-operation systems. To test the usefulness of simple, abstract types of feedback that warn the user about slip events, we tested the effect of auditory and haptic vibration feedback in a tele-operation task. Participants were asked to hold an object in a remote robot hand, and the force profiles that they exerted in response to slip events were measured. Haptic feedback did not significantly change the response characteristics, but auditory feedback did significantly improve response latency. A small but significant difference between haptic and auditory reaction times (60 ms) found in our control experiment might explain the difference between the feedback types.
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Bruhn, Jørgen. "Towards an Intermedial Ecocriticism." In Beyond Media Borders, Volume 2, 117–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49683-8_5.
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Abstract The starting point for this chapter is that natural scientific research on the ecological crisis must be communicated by media products to the general public, industries, and policymakers. Such communication takes place via a wide array of different media types, from arts and literature to journalism and politics—media types that are, broadly speaking, the objects of environmental humanities. The problem is that it is very difficult to analyse, discuss, and compare such a diversity of texts or media products (here called ecomedia). This chapter tries to combine the basic ideas of ecocriticism concerning the environmental crisis with the vocabulary and analytical possibilities developed in intermedial studies to perform such a task, resulting in what the author calls intermedial ecocriticism. The chapter sketches out the main theoretical backgrounds of this position and suggests taking an analytical approach. It also compares and discusses two different media products: an online popular science article from CarbonBrief and a Danish novel about climate change.
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Vassiliades, Alexandros, Nick Bassiliades, Filippos Gouidis, and Theodore Patkos. "A Knowledge Retrieval Framework for Household Objects and Actions with External Knowledge." In Semantic Systems. In the Era of Knowledge Graphs, 36–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59833-4_3.
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Abstract In the field of domestic cognitive robotics, it is important to have a rich representation of knowledge about how household objects are related to each other and with respect to human actions. In this paper, we present a domain dependent knowledge retrieval framework for household environments which was constructed by extracting knowledge from the VirtualHome dataset (http://virtual-home.org). The framework provides knowledge about sequences of actions on how to perform human scaled tasks in a household environment, answers queries about household objects, and performs semantic matching between entities from the web knowledge graphs DBpedia, ConceptNet, and WordNet, with the ones existing in our knowledge graph. We offer a set of predefined SPARQL templates that directly address the ontology on which our knowledge retrieval framework is built, and querying capabilities through SPARQL. We evaluated our framework via two different user evaluations.
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Holst, Dirk, Daniel Schoepflin, and Thorsten Schüppstuhl. "Generation of Synthetic AI Training Data for Robotic Grasp-Candidate Identification and Evaluation in Intralogistics Bin-Picking Scenarios." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 284–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18326-3_28.
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AbstractRobotic bin picking remains a main challenge for the wide enablement of industrial robotic tasks. While AI-enabled picking approaches are encouraging they repeatedly face the problem of data availability. The scope of this paper is to present a method that combines analytical grasp research with the field of synthetic data creation to generate individual training data for use-cases in intralogistics transportation scenarios. Special attention is given to systematic grasp finding for new objects and unknown geometries in transportation bins and to match the generated data to a real two-finger parallel gripper. The presented approach includes a grasping simulation in Pybullet to investigate the general tangibility of objects under uncertainty and combines these findings with a previously reported virtual scene generator in Blender, which generates AI-images of fully packed transport boxes, including depth maps and necessary annotations. This paper, therefore, contributes a synthesizing and cross-topic approach that combines different facets of bin-picking research such as geometric analysis, determination of tangibility of objects, grasping under uncertainty, finding grasps in dynamic and restricted bin-environments, and automation of synthetic data generation. The approach is utilized to generate synthetic grasp training data and to train a grasp-generating convolutional neural network (GG-CNN) and demonstrated on real-world objects.
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Andrienko, Gennady, Natalia Andrienko, Fabian Patterson, Siming Chen, Robert Weibel, Haosheng Huang, Christos Doulkeridis, et al. "Visual Analytics for Characterizing Mobility Aspects of Urban Context." In Urban Informatics, 727–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_40.
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AbstractVisual analytics science develops principles and methods for efficient human–computer collaboration in solving complex problems. Visual and interactive techniques are used to create conditions in which human analysts can effectively utilize their unique capabilities: the power of seeing, interpreting, linking, and reasoning. Visual analytics research deals with various types of data and analysis tasks from numerous application domains. A prominent research topic is analysis of spatiotemporal data, which may describe events occurring at different spatial locations, changes of attribute values associated with places or spatial objects, or movements of people, vehicles, or other objects. Such kinds of data are abundant in urban applications. Movement data are a quintessential type of spatiotemporal data because they can be considered from multiple perspectives as trajectories, as spatial events, and as changes of space-related attribute values. By example of movement data, we demonstrate the utilization of visual analytics techniques and approaches in data exploration and analysis.
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Lipovszki, Gyorgy, and Istvan Molnar. "Implementation of a DES Environment." In Handbook of Research on Discrete Event Simulation Environments, 284–316. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-774-4.ch013.
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In this chapter the authors describe a program system that implements a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) development environment. The simulation environment was created using the LabVIEW graphical programming system; a National Instruments software product. In this programming environment, the user can connect different procedures and data structures with “graphical wires” to implement a simulation model, thereby creating an executable simulation program. The connected individual objects simulate a discrete event problem. The chapter describes all simulation model objects, their attributes and methods. Another important element of the discrete event simulator is the task list, which has also been created using task type objects. The simulation system uses the “next event simulation” technique and refreshes the actual state (attribute values of all model objects) at every event. The state changes are determined by the entity objects, their input, current content, and output. Every model object can access (read) all and modify (write) a selected number of object attribute values. This property of the simulation system provides the possibility to build a complex discrete event system using predefined discrete event model objects.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "- different object task"
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S., Ahmad Faizal, R. Ikeura, S. Hayakawa, and H. Sawai. "Towards human-robot cooperative object transfer: Perceiving different part of the object during task and motion smoothness." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2010.5723385.
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Yaltirik, Hu¨seyin, A. Kerim Kar, and Bu¨lent Ekici. "Comparison of Contact Force Control Strategies on Different Robot Arm Types." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays robots are used in various areas. There are extremely important applications where the robot arm tip comes in contact with the environment or an object. During controlling an object, static or in motion, the object or the robot arm should not be damaged. The interaction forces are important in such conditions. Whether the task succeeds or fails depends on how accurate the interaction forces are controlled. The interaction forces are changed depending on the motion of the robot arm. Therefore, to control interaction forces a force control algorithm must be developed. In this research a force control algorithm will first be developed for the quasi-static contact tasks, then it will be extended to the dynamic cases. The goal of this study is to compare force control strategies to achieve the desired interaction forces between the robot arm tip (end-effector) and the environment during contact tasks. Taguchi L9 method is used for comparison of selected force control algorithms which are modeled in SIMULINK MATLAB program.
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Bashir, Abdouslam M., Robert Bicker, and Paul M. Taylor. "An investigation into different visual/tactual feedback modes for a virtual object manipulation task." In the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1044588.1044666.
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Dopker, B., P. Murray, and F. N. Choong. "An Object Oriented Data Base and Application Management System for Integrated, Interdisciplinary Mechanical System Simulation." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0109.
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Abstract An object oriented data base and application management system for integrated, interdisciplinary mechanical system simulation is developed and implemented; with emphasis on flexible body dynamic simulation, stress history calculation, and fatigue life prediction. The system consists of (1) functional objects that perform a particular analysis task, (2) data objects that store data in the data base, (3) data and object management tools that manage the communication between the different parts of the system, and (4) network communication tools that communicate between different hardware platforms. Functional objects are developed and implemented for the different analysis needs of the system. Such objects (1) hide implementation details, (2) provide easy extendability, and (3) simplify use of the system. Data are organized in terms of objects, object hierarchies, and object attributes. This provides quasi data inheritance and information hiding, which allows for a data base schema that is both robust and extendable.
5
Wang, Shaocheng, Ehsan Tarkesh Esfahani, and V. Sundararajan. "Evaluation of SSVEP as Passive Feedback for Improving the Performance of Brain Machine Interfaces." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71068.
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Research in brain-computer interfaces have focused primarily on motor imagery tasks such as those involving movement of a cursor or other objects on a computer screen. In such applications, it is important to detect when the user is interested in moving an object and when the user is not active in this task. This paper evaluates the steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) as a feedback mechanism to confirm the mental state of the user during motor imagery. These potentials are evoked when a subject looks at a flashing objects of interest. Four different experiments are conducted in this paper. Subjects are asked to imagine the movement of flashing object in a given direction. If the subject is involved in this task, the SSVEP signal will be detectable in the visual cortex and therefore the motor imagery task is confirmed. During the experiment, EEG signal is recorded at 4 locations near visual cortex. Using a weighting scheme, the best combination of the recorded signal is selected to evaluate the presence of flashing frequency. The experimental result shows that the SSVEP can be detected even in complex motor imagery of flickering objects. The detection rate of 85% is achieved while the refreshing time for SSVEP feedback is set to 0.5 seconds.
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Ankrum, Corlene, and John Palmer. "Effect of cueing on object and part comparisons." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.wj3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The role of objects in perception can be examined by comparing judgments of objects and parts. In our task, observers viewed two figures sequentially, and made same-different judgments. The comparisons were either between two whole objects or between a whole object and a part. A whole advantage was found. Observers were faster and more accurate on whole comparisons than on partial comparisons. We investigated three hypotheses that may account for this effect. One hypothesis is that the whole advantage is because of an encoding strategy that favors a representation of the whole over representations of the parts. This encoding hypothesis can be contrasted with a second hypothesis that postulates no favoritism in representation but an advantage in retrieval for whole objects over their parts. The third alternative is that the whole advantage may occur due to emergent features present in the whole object that are disturbed in partial comparisons.
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Robson, Nina, and Binyun Chen. "Geometric Design With Multiple Realizable Motion Directions in the Vicinity of a Planar Mechanism-Environment Contact." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85952.
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This paper applies geometric design principles to planar mechanical systems, attempting to explain complex motion in mechanism-(virtual) object/environment interaction for achieving a variety of kinematic tasks in the vicinity of a contact location, a critical feature not fully captured in existing design methodologies. This is realized through the development of a general planar mechanism-object/environment geometric model, that allows the derivation of multiple velocity and acceleration specifications imposed by contact with (virtual) objects/environment. By incorporating these higher order kinematic specifications into the design task formulation, contemporary planar kinematic synthesis could be generalized allowing robust designs. The kinematic synthesis of planar RR and four-bar linages to follow two different paths in the vicinity of a mechanism-object contact location is used to illustrate the results.
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Garrett, Timothy, Saverio Debernardis, Rafael Radkowski, Carl K. Chang, Michele Fiorentino, Antonio E. Uva, and James Oliver. "Rigid Object Tracking Algorithms for Low-Cost AR Devices." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35304.
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Augmented reality (AR) applications rely on robust and efficient methods for tracking. Tracking methods use a computer-internal representation of the object to track, which can be either sparse or dense representations. Sparse representations use only a limited set of feature points to represent an object to track, whereas dense representations almost mimic the shape of an object. While algorithms performed on sparse representations are faster, dense representations can distinguish multiple objects. The research presented in this paper investigates the feasibility of a dense tracking method for rigid object tracking, which incorporates the both object identification and object tracking steps. We adopted a tracking method that has been developed for the Microsoft Kinect to support single object tracking. The paper describes this method and presents the results. We also compared two different methods for mesh reconstruction in this algorithm. Since meshes are more informative when identifying a rigid object, this comparison indicates which algorithm shows the best performance for this task and guides our future research efforts.
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Turner, Michael L., Daniel H. Gomez, Marc R. Tremblay, and Mark R. Cutkosky. "Preliminary Tests of an Arm-Grounded Haptic Feedback Device in Telemanipulation." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0246.
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Abstract This paper investigates the use of arm-grounded force feedback applied to an operator’s fingertips while performing telemanipulation tasks with a dexterous robot hand. The forces were applied by a cable-driven feedback device used in conjunction with an instrumented glove. Experiments were conducted to evaluate subjects’ ability to discriminate between objects of different size and stiffness, and to regulate grasp forces. The results indicate that object size discrimination was comparable to using a conventional haptic feedback interface grounded to the environment, though still not as effective as direct human contact. The force regulation indicated that the user could maintain a fairly constant force, but was subject to some system noise. Discrimination of object stiffness was the most difficult task, due to the inherent compliances of the system and yielded a 75% success rate for distinguishing between compliant (150 N/m) and rigid objects.
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Ozyer, Baris, Ismet Erkmen, and Aydan M. Erkmen. "Catching Continuum Between Preshape and Grasping Based on Fluidics." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24632.
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We propose a new fluidics based methodology to determine a continuum between preshaping and grasping so as to appropriately preshape a multifingered robot hand for creating an optimal initialization of grasp, with minimum energy loss towards task execution, upon landing on an object. In this paper, we investigate the effects of impact forces and momentum transfer between different hand preshapes landing on an object. Momentum transfer parameters lead to modification of object orientation and position at the very initial stage of task after that preshaped fingers land on the object. We model fingers as particles in a solidified environment while the medium squeezed by hand preshape that is closing upon an object, is modeled as a compressible fluid where momentum is propagated until hitting the surface of the solidified particle medium of the object. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics model (SPH) is used to simulate the general dynamic of fluid flows and momentum transfer between particles of different media. The fingers of the robotic hand are modeled by solidified fluid particles interacting with compressible surrounding fluids in which objects are defined as rigid-body solidified fluid particles. The developed model has been applied, in this paper, to the simulation of various simple robot hand preshaping and the generated momentum transfer profiles an object surface have been analyzed.
Звіти організацій з теми "- different object task"
1
Elmann, Anat, Orly Lazarov, Joel Kashman, and Rivka Ofir. therapeutic potential of a desert plant and its active compounds for Alzheimer's Disease. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597913.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We chose to focus our investigations on the effect of the active forms, TTF and AcA, rather than the whole (crude) extract. 1. To establish cultivation program designed to develop lead cultivar/s (which will be selected from the different Af accessions) with the highest yield of the active compounds TTF and/or achillolide A (AcA). These cultivar/s will be the source for the purification of large amounts of the active compounds when needed in the future for functional foods/drug development. This task was completed. 2. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants.Compounds were tested in N2a neuroblastoma cell line. In addition, we have tested the effects of TTF and AcA on signaling events promoted by H₂O₂ in astrocytes and by β-amyloid in neuronal N2a cells. 3. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuropathology (amyloidosis and tau phosphorylation) in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants. 4. To determine the effect of A¦ extract, AcA and TTF on FAD-linked neuropathology (amyloidosis, tau phosphorylation and inflammation) in transgenic mice. 5. To examine whether A¦ extract, TTF and AcA can reverse behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1DE9 mice, and affect learning and memory and cognitive performance in these FAD-linked transgenic mice. Background to the topic.Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and amyloid beta (Ab) toxicity are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's diseases. We have previously purified from Achilleafragrantissimatwo active compounds: a protective flavonoid named 3,5,4’-trihydroxy-6,7,3’-trimethoxyflavone (TTF, Fl-72/2) and an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenelactone named achillolide A (AcA). Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. In this study we could show that TTF and AcA protected cultured astrocytes from H₂O₂ –induced cell death via interference with cell signaling events. TTF inhibited SAPK/JNK, ERK1/2, MEK1 and CREBphosphorylation, while AcA inhibited only ERK1/2 and MEK1 phosphorylation. In addition to its protective activities, TTF had also anti-inflammatory activities, and inhibited the LPS-elicited secretion of the proinflammatorycytokinesInterleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1b from cultured microglial cells. Moreover, TTF and AcA protected neuronal cells from glutamate and Abcytotoxicity by reducing the glutamate and amyloid beta induced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and via interference with cell signaling events induced by Ab. These compounds also reduced amyloid precursor protein net processing in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease and improvedperformance in the novel object recognition learning and memory task. Conclusion: TTF and AcA are potential candidates to be developed as drugs or food additives to prevent, postpone or ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease. Implications, both scientific and agricultural.The synthesis ofAcA and TTF is very complicated. Thus, the plant itself will be the source for the isolation of these compounds or their precursors for synthesis. Therefore, Achilleafragrantissima could be developed into a new crop with industrial potential for the Arava-Negev area in Israel, and will generate more working places in this region.
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Oltarzhevskyi, Dmytro. HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.
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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.