Дисертації з теми "Diethy"
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Almeida, Mariana Sofia Magalhães. "Dieta mediterrânica e dieta atlântica: efeitos na saúde." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7561.
Повний текст джерелаO estudo dos padrões alimentares capta o efeito cumulativo e de interação dos vários alimentos e nutrientes e podem ser mais facilmente interpretados pela população, assumindo assim particular importância em Saúde Pública. A Dieta Mediterrânica (DM) e a Dieta Atlântica (DA) são padrões alimentares definidos por uma abordagem orientada por hipóteses prévias (a priori) e são representativos de uma determinada região e dos seus costumes culturais e sociais, reforçados ao longo de vários anos. Cada um apresenta na sua composição propriedades que lhes conferem o estatuto de alimentação saudável. Em termos de efeitos benéficos na saúde, a DM e os seus componentes têm sido exaustivamente associados a um menor risco cardiovascular, conferindo também um papel protetor sobre a incidência e mortalidade por cancro, em especial cancro da mama, da próstata, gástrico e colo-retal. A DM também apresenta evidência de ter um papel favorável na prevenção e tratamento da obesidade, diabetes, doenças inflamatórias reumáticas, osteoporose e a nível cognitivo. Em relação ao papel da DA na saúde, este tem muito menor evidência fruto da sua definição muito mais recente, tendo sido já associada a melhor perfil cardiovascular. Quer a DM quer a DA parecem sofrer atualmente uma espécie de descaracterização, havendo uma aproximação do seu padrão tradicional a outros padrões de regiões carateristicamente diferentes. Esta ocidentalização dos padrões preocupa a comunidade científica em geral.
The study of dietary patterns captures the cumulative and interaction effect of various foods and nutrients and can be more easily interpreted by the population, thus assuming particular importance in Public Health. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Atlantic Diet (AD) are dietary patterns defined by a hypothesis oriented approach (a priori) and are representative of a particular region and its cultural and social customs, reinforced over several years. Each one has properties that give them the status of healthy diets. In terms of benefits to health, the MD and its components have been extensively associated with a lower cardiovascular risk, and also a protective effect on cancer incidence and mortality, especially breast cancer, prostate, gastric and colorectal cancer has been described. The MD also presents evidence of having a favorable role in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, osteoporosis and at the cognitive level. The role of the AD in health, has much less evidence due to its much more recent definition, but it has already been associated with a better cardiovascular profile. Both the MD and AD seem to suffer a kind of decharacterization, with an approximation of the traditional pattern to other patterns of regions that are characteristically different. This westernization of dietary patterns concerns the scientific community in general.
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Monteiro, Maria Emília Lopes. "Efeitos de uma dieta com teores baixo de carboidratos e elevado de proteínas e lipídeos no fígado de ratas." Niterói, 2018. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/5499.
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Há algumas décadas, dietas cetogênicas como a preconizada pelo Dr. Atkins, composta por 0% a 20% da oferta energética fornecida por carboidratos, 55% a 65% por proteínas e 25% a 35% por lipídeos são usadas visando ao emagrecimento. Mais recentemente, a indicação foi ampliada para algumas doenças neurológicas. A hipótese deste estudo é que, como o fígado recebe diretamente macronutrientes da absorção intestinal, as modificações na composição desses componentes da dieta possam levar à lesão dos hepatócitos. O objetivo geral do estudo é verificar o efeito de uma dieta com teores baixo de carboidratos e elevado de proteínas e lipídeos no fígado de ratas por análise bioquímica plasmática, histologia e citometria de fluxo do fígado. Vinte ratas, divididas em dois grupos, receberam dieta controle e dieta experimental. Os animais controles receberam dieta AIN-93M e os experimentais, dieta baseada na do Dr. Atkins, com carboidrato (8,44%), proteínas (57,19%), lipídeos (34,36%) e água, ad libitum, por oito semanas. As ratas no estro em jejum foram anestesiadas e pesadas, a glicemia capilar foi dosada e a coleta de sangue foi realizada para avaliar transaminases, ureia, creatinina, triacilglicerol, colesterol, lipoproteína de alta densidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, β-hidroxibutirato, malondialdeído, glucagon, insulina, interleucina-6 e fator de necrose tumoral. Seis fragmentos do fígado foram retirados e colocados em solução fisiológica a 0,9% para citometria de fluxo, e o restante do órgão colocado em solução de formalina neutra tamponada a 10% para microscopia óptica. O tecido adiposo branco periovariano bilateral foi retirado e pesado. Os resultados foram apresentados, como média e desvio padrão para a comparação, o teste t de Student, não pareado, e o teste ANOVA, seguido do teste de Tukey. Utilizou-se o teste de Pearson para estudos de correlação, sendo p<0,05 com significância. As médias de peso dos dois grupos aumentaram, sem diferença estatística no início e ao final. A média da ingestão de água foi 1,6 vezes maior no experimental. A média do consumo de dieta sempre foi significativamente menor no experimental, exceto na segunda semana. O peso do tecido adiposo foi menor no grupo experimental. Houve diferença estatística nas seguintes dosagens: transaminases, ureia, triacilglicerol, malondialdeído, e β- hidroxibutirato. Com exceção do triacilglicerol, todos foram maiores no grupo experimental. O peso do tecido adiposo periovariano foi menor no grupo de dieta experimental. A média do peso do fígado foi maior no grupo experimental. O aspecto macroscópico do fígado foi normal em ambos os grupos, e o estudo histológico do grupo experimental demonstrou sinusoides hepáticos alargados, hepatócitos de tamanho diminuído e glicogênio hepático diminuído. Não foi identificada autofagia dependende de Blimp-1 no estudo. A citometria de fluxo demonstrou que, o grupo experimental apresentou 30,85 ± 2,20% de células inviáveis; e no controle 13,22 ± 1,43%, com p<0,05. Houve correlação positiva entre o percentual de células inviáveis e malondialdeído plasmático, e negativa com triacilglicerol plasmático, o que pode sugerir serem estes possíveis indicadores plasmáticos de lesão hepática, associados à dieta experimental. Conclui-se que a dieta experimental levou à lesão hepática (apoptose) no estudo.
For many decades, ketogenic diets as Atkins diet, composed of 0% - 20% calories from carbohydrate, 55% - 65% protein and 25% - 35% lipids have been used to weight loss. More recently, the indication was expanded to some neurological diseases. The overall objective of the study is to assess the effect of a lowcarbohydrate, high-protein and lipids diet on the liver of rats by plasma biochemical analysis, histology and cytometric liver flow study.The hypothesis is that as the liver gets directly absorption of macronutrients, low- carbohydrates, high-protein and lipids diets can injure hepatocytes. Twenty female rats were divided into control diet group and experimental diet group. The control group received an AIN-93M diet and the experimental one a diet based on the Atkins's diet with carbohydrates (8.44%), protein (57.19%), lipids (34.36%) and water, ad libitum, for eight weeks. The rats in estrous cycle were anesthetized, weighted, capillary glucose was dosed and blood was collected for measurement of transaminases, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, β-hydroxybutyrate, malonaldehyde, glucagon, insulin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. Six liver fragments were removed and placed in physiological solution at 0.9% for flow cytometry and the rest of the organ was put in a neutral buffered formalin 10% solution for optical microscopy. The white adipose tissue bilateral periovarian was pulled out and weighted. The results were presented as a mean and standard deviation, and the comparison between the average with Student's t-test unpaired, and ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Pearson's test was used for correlation studies. It was considered a statistically significant difference at p <0.05. The average weight of the two groups increased during the study. At the beginning and in the end of the study, there was no statistical difference in mean weight. The average water intake was 1.6 times higher in the experimental group. The average dietary intake was significantly lower in the experimental group, except in the second week. There was a statistical difference between the groups in only the following dosages: transaminases, urea, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Adipose tissue weight was smaller in the experimental group. The mean weight of liver was greater in the experimental. The macroscopic appearance of the liver was normal in both groups and the histological study demonstrated that the experimental group had an extended hepatic sinusoid, decreased the size of hepatocytes and decreased liver glycogen. Autophagy has not been identified. Flow cytometry showed statistical significance, in the experimental group 30.85% ± 2.20% were inviable cells while in the control group 13.22 ± 1.43% were, with p <0.05. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of non-viable cells and plasma malondialdehyde and a negative with plasma triglycerides suggesting that they are possible plasma indicators of hepatic injury associated with the experimental diet. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a low-carbohydrate and high-protein and lipids diet leads to liver damage, and apoptosis is the main cell injury process
Bédard, Annabelle 1986. "Nutritional factors in asthma = Facteurs nutritionels dans l'asthme." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460881.
Повний текст джерелаL’objectiu general de la tesi fou avaluar el paper dels factors nutricionals en l’asma. El primer objectiu fou comparar l’anàlisi de components principals (PCA) amb l’anàlisi factorial confirmatori (CFA) per identificar patrons de dieta. Comparat amb els patrons obtinguts amb PCA, els patrons obtinguts amb CFA mostraven major correlació amb grups d’aliments i característiques sociodemogràfiques, i aconseguien millor predicció de la incidència d’asma. El segon objectiu fou avaluar l’efecte conjunt de l’activitat física i l’obesitat en l’asma, utilitzant models marginals estructurals. Els resultats mostraren que l’obesitat es relaciona causalment amb els símptomes d’asma independentment de l’activitat física, mentre que no es va trobar cap efecte de l’activitat física. El tercer objectiu fou estudiar el paper modificador del sobrepès en l’associació entre l’ús de pulveritzadors de neteja domèstica i la presència d’asma. Les anàlisis mostraren que l’efecte de l’ús dels pulveritzadors era més gran en dones amb sobrepès i tractament antiinflamatori
Barbosa, Lhais de Paula 1990. "Consumo de gorduras e escolaridade em adultos : estudo de base populacional no município de Campinas, SP." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312916.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O consumo de gorduras é essencial na alimentação humana. Os lipídios contribuem ativamente como precursores na síntese de hormônios, fazem parte da estrutura das membranas celulares, compõe a bile, participam da resposta autoimune e do transporte de vitaminas lipossolúveis e garantem o aporte energético da dieta. Contudo, o excesso na ingestão deste nutriente representa risco para o desenvolvimento de uma série de doenças crônicas e o aumento da ingestão de gorduras na dieta das populações foi uma característica marcante no processo de transição nutricional. O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar o perfil de ingestão de gordura segundo escolaridade e sexo na população adulta residente no município de Campinas. Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional que avaliou a dieta de 949 adultos residentes na área urbana do município de Campinas por meio do instrumento Recordatório de 24 horas (R24h). A composição nutricional da dieta foi calculada a partir do software NDS-R versão 2007 e para a análise dos dados foram calculadas as proporções e estimadas as médias com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% utilizando os modelos lineares generalizados, com base na distribuição do tipo Gamma, para variáveis assimétricas. Como resultados, pode-se observar que a dieta apresentou-se normoglicídica, normolipídica e normoproteica, segundo as recomendações do IOM de 2005, tanto para homens quanto para mulheres e em todos os estratos de escolaridade. Sobre o consumo dos diferentes tipos de gordura, quando analisados por sexo e escolaridade, foi verificado para o sexo masculino maior consumo de gordura total, gordura saturada, gordura monoinsaturada e gordura trans entre os mais escolarizados. Entre as mulheres, foi observado maior consumo de gordura saturada e menor consumo de gorduras poliinsaturadas nos estratos de maior escolaridade. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que, em linhas gerais, o consumo de determinados tipos de gordura é elevado na população estudada e que as gorduras mais consumidas foram àquelas com potencial de prejudicar a saúde: gordura saturada e gordura trans. Pode-se dizer diante dos resultados encontrados que o nível de escolaridade está associado à maior ingestão de gorduras na alimentação já que os indivíduos mais escolarizados, de um modo geral, apresentaram maior consumo médio de gorduras. Estes resultados podem sinalizar uma etapa do processo de transição nutricional em que as populações mais favorecidas apresentam piores indicadores para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Por esta razão faz-se necessária a realização de inquéritos alimentares periódicos a fim de monitorar a tendência deste comportamento na população
Abstract: The intake of fat is essential in human nutrition. Lipids actively contribute as precursors in the synthesis of hormones; they are part of the structure of cell membranes and bile, participate in autoimmune response and in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins and ensure the energy intake of the diet. However, the excess intake of this nutrient represents a risk for the development of several chronic diseases and the increased intake of fats in the population diet was a remarkable feature in the nutritional transition process. The aim of this dissertation was to analyse the fat intake profile according to the education and sex in the adult population living in the city of Campinas. This is a cross-sectional population-based study which evaluate the diet of 949 adults living in the urban area of Campinas through the instrument 24-hours Recall (R24h). The nutritional composition of the diet was calculated with the NDS-R software version 2007 and for the data analysis was calculated the proportions and estimated the means with its respective confidence interval of 95% using the generalized linear models, based in the distribution of Gamma type, for the asymmetric variables. As results, it could be observed the diet was normal for carbohydrates, fats and proteins, according to the 2005 IOM recommendations, for both men and women and in all educational strata. For the intake of different types of fat, when analysed by sex and education, it was verified for male a greater intake of total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and trans fat among the more educated. Among women, it was observed a greater intake of saturated fat and lower intake of polyunsaturated fat in the more educated strata. The results of the study show that, in general, the intake of certain types of fat is high in the population evaluated and the most consumed fats were those with potential to jeopardize health: saturated and trans fat. Thus, the results affirm that education is associated with a greater intake of fat since the most educated, in general, had a greater mean intake of fat. This results can signalize a stage in the process of nutritional transition where the most rich population have the worst indicators for noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore it is necessary to perform regular food surveys to monitor this behavior trend in the population
Mestrado
Epidemiologia
Mestra em Saúde Coletiva
Pavão, Jéssica Correia. "FODMAPs in foods: differences between food patterns and countries." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10788.
Повний текст джерелаFermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols (FODMAP) are poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates, that are rapidly fermented by the intestinal microbiota, with consequent gas production and water retention, leading to the distention of intestinal walls and symptoms associated with functional gut disorders. The low-FODMAP diet is an individualized dietary strategy design to reduce the FODMAP intake in order to achieve symptoms control. The knowledge about the FODMAP content of foods allows a more accurate implementation of the diet. Furthermore, there are factors capable of influencing the FODMAP content of foods that may present an opportunity to manipulate foods and reduce their FODMAP content. Regional crop varieties may also influence in the FODMAP intake since each country has their own food habits. Most of the information about FODMAP content of foods is prevenient from Australia. In North America and Europe, this approach is growing. In Eastern countries the limited knowledge may lead to other practicality challenges. This review of literature aims to identify the differences in the FODMAP content between different foods and dietary patterns of various countries. Also, it aims to verify whether other factors could influence the final FODMAP content. This review was elaborated through an online bibliographic search using electronic PubMed database. There is not much information about the FODMAP content of regions-specific foods. Nevertheless, it is possible to manipulate the FODMAP content and adapt the dietary pattern in order to reduce the FODMAP intake, but also, to acknowledge cultural differences.
Oligossacarídeos, dissacarídeos, monossacarídeos fermentáveis e polióis (FODMAP) são hidratos de carbono de cadeia curta mal absorvidos e rapidamente fermentáveis pelas bactérias intestinais, com consequente produção de gás e retenção de água, que distendem as paredes intestinais e induzem sintomas associados a desordens intestinais funcionais. A dieta pobre em FODMAPs é uma estratégia dietética individualizada formulada para reduzir o consumo de FODMAPs e controlar os sintomas. Conhecer o conteúdo em FODMAP dos alimentos leva à implementação mais precisa desta dieta. Existem ainda outros fatores capazes de influenciar o conteúdo em FODMAPs dos alimentos que podem ser uma oportunidade para manipular alimentos e reduzir o conteúdo em FODMAPs. Variedades culturais poderão também influenciar o consumo de FODMAPs pois cada país possui hábitos alimentares característicos. A informação acerca do conteúdo em FODMAP advém maioritariamente da Austrália. Na América do Norte e Europa esta abordagem está a crescer. Nos países Orientais o conhecimento limitado leva a desafios práticos. Esta revisão da literatura objetiva identificar as diferenças no conteúdo de FODMAP entre diferentes alimentos e padrões alimentares em vários países. Além disso, visa verificar a influência de outros fatores no conteúdo final de FODMAPs. Esta revisão foi elaborada através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica online com recurso à base de dados eletrónica PubMed. Existe pouca informação sobre o conteúdo em FODMAPs de alimentos específicos de cada região. No entanto, é possível manipular o conteúdo em FODMAP e adaptar os padrões alimentares de modo a reduzir a ingestão de FODMAPs e reconhecer diferenças culturais.
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Fernandes, Mayra Pacheco. "Construção e validação de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar para avaliar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos em pré-escolares." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3892.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Durante a infância, a combinação do dente imaturo recém-irrompido em um meio bucal com microbiota cariogênica e frequente ingestão de carboidratos fermentáveis pode proporcionar dentes muitos suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de lesão de cárie. Os métodos de investigação do consumo de alimentos são considerados ferramentas básicas da epidemiologia nutricional devido à importância da dieta na etiologia de diversas enfermidades, entre elas a cárie dentária, a qual tem sido evidenciada em pesquisas epidemiológicas. No entanto, avaliar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos ainda é um desafio pela inexistência de instrumentos dietéticos validados com esta finalidade. Por este motivo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo criar e validar um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA) para analisar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos entre pré-escolares. Foi desenvolvido um QFA quantitativo contendo 24 alimentos que apresentam potencial cariogênico. Foram incluídas na amostra oitenta e nove crianças com idade entre três e seis anos que estavam aguardando atendimento no Ambulatório da Unidade Clínica Infantil da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, sendo 37 do sexo masculino e 52 do sexo feminino. Durante a entrevista o(a) responsável respondia se a criança havia consumido o alimento descrito no QFA no último ano, a frequência de consumo (por dia, semana, mês ou ano) e a porção consumida. A seguir, era perguntado sobre a ingestão alimentar da criança no dia anterior à entrevista. Após, o instrumento foi submetido a um processo de validação, através da comparação dos dados obtidos através do QFA com um método de referência, ou seja, o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas (R24hs). Os alimentos e preparações constantes nos recordatórios foram analisados em relação à composição calórica e de nutrientes no programa ADS Nutri. Os dados dos QFAs foram duplamente digitados em planilhas do programa Excel. A validade foi avaliada comparando os dados de ingestão média de nutrientes obtidos a partir do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar com dados da ingestão de nutrientes obtidos no recordatório alimentar do dia anterior, sendo utilizados os Coeficientes de Correlação de Pearson para avaliar a associação entre as estimativas de ingestão de nutrientes entre os instrumentos. O consumo médio dos nutrientes foi maior quando avaliado pelos recordatórios, enquanto apenas a ingestão de energia e carboidratos foram maiores no QFA. Ao fazer as analises ajustadas para calorias ingeridas, o consumo médio dos nutrientes se manteve igual. A análise estatística revelou que na análise bruta, apesar de se observar correlações positivas e significativas entres os dois métodos, as mesmas apresentaram valores baixos. Já na análise ajustada todos as correlações perderam a significância e, além disso, apresentaram coeficientes de correlação muito baixos, o que não permitiu a validação do questionário. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que o QFA desenvolvido não foi válido para analisar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos em pré-escolares, sendo necessária a realização de nova tentativa de validação, comparando o QFA a outro método de avaliação de ingestão.
During childhood, the combination of immature tooth newly erupted in a oral environment with cariogenic and frequent intake of fermentable carbohydrates microbiota can provide many teeth susceptible to developing caries. The food consumption of the research methods are considered basic tools of nutritional epidemiology because of the importance of diet in the etiology of various diseases, including tooth decay, which has been shown in epidemiological research. However, evaluating the consumption of cariogenic foods is still a challenge for the lack of dietary validated instruments for this purpose. For this reason, the present study aimed to create and validate a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to analyze the consumption of cariogenic foods among preschoolers. A quantitative FFQ containing 24 foods that have cariogenic potential was developed. Were sampled eighty-nine children aged between three and six years who were waiting for service at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, with 37 males and 52 females. During the interview (a) responsible answered whether the child had consumed the food described in FFQ in the last year, the frequency of consumption (per day, week, month or year) and the consumed portion. Next, was asked about the food intake of the child the day before the interview. After the instrument was subjected to a validation process, by comparing the data obtained from the FFQ with a reference method, that is, dietary recall the previous day (R24hs). Food and preparations listed in the recalls were analyzed for caloric and nutrient composition in ADS Nutri program. Data from QFAs were double entered in Excel spreadsheets. Validity was assessed by comparing the average intake of nutrient data obtained from the Food Frequency Questionnaire with nutrient intake data obtained in the previous day food recall, the Pearson correlation coefficients being used to evaluate the association between estimated nutrient intake between instruments. The average intake of nutrients was higher when evaluated by the recall, while only the intake of energy and carbohydrates were higher in the FFQ. By doing the analysis adjusted for energy intake, the average consumption of nutrients remained the same. Statistical analysis revealed that the crude analysis, although we did see a positive correlations between the two methods, they showed low values. In the adjusted analysis of all the correlations lost significance and, furthermore, show low correlation coefficients, which did not allow validation of the questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that the FFQ developed was not valid to analyze the consumption of cariogenic foods in preschool, being necessary to perform retry validation by comparing the FFQ to another intake assessment method.
França, Natasha Aparecida Grande de. "Associação entre o padrão alimentar e a densidade mineral óssea de mulheres menopausadas com osteoporose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21102014-105421/.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Osteoporosis claims for strategies to preventing disease progression, ensuring a better quality of life to patients. Dietary patterns could provide information about the influence of overall diet on osteoporosis treatment, contributing to osteoporotic care. Objective: To investigate the association between dietary patterns and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 156 postmenopausal osteoporotic women, over 45 y, attended in an outpatient clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Bone Mineral Density (BMD; g/cm2) of Lumbar Spine (LS), Total Femur (TF), Femoral Neck (FN), and Total Body (TB) were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weight (kg), height (m), Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2), body fat (g), lean mass (g) and lifestyle information were also assessed. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 3-day food diary. Dietary patterns were obtained by principal component factor in the 13 previously formed food groups. Adjusted linear regression analysis was applied in order to evaluate the predict effect of dietary patterns on BMD. Two-way ANOVA was used to investigate the association between dietary patterns and BMI with BMD, followed by a linear regression model stratified by BMI categories. Significance level was set as 5 per cent . Results: Five patterns were retained: 1) Healthy (vegetables, fruits, tubers, and tuberous roots); 2) Red meat and refined cereals; 3) Low-fat dairy; 4) Sweets, coffee and tea; and 5) Western (fats, snacks, pizzas, pies, soft drinks, and fruit drinks). The Sweets, coffee, and tea pattern was inversely associated with TF BMD ( = -0.178; CI 95 per cent : -0.039 - -0.000) and with TB BMD ( = -0.320; CI 95 per cent : -0.059 - -0.017), whereas the Healthy pattern was positively associated with TF BMD only among those who were in the normal BMI category ( = 0.251; CI 95 per cent : 0.002 0.056). Conclusions: A diet with higher intake of Sweets, coffee, and tea was a negatively associated with TF and TB BMD, whereas a Healthy pattern showed a positive association with TF BMD among the women with normal BMI.
Melim, Ema Margarida Gonçalves. "Achieving a planetary health diet: red meat and legumes availability in Portugal." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8520.
Повний текст джерелаAims: The global food system has strong implications in the depletion of natural resources, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. To face the current challenges, a planetary health diet was recently proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, serving as a guide to the implementation of diets aligned with the environmental boundaries of the planet. The aim of this paper is to compare the planetary health diet recommendations with the current consumption of legumes and red meat in Portugal, exploring different policy strategies that promote healthy and environmentally sustainable eating patterns in the country. Methods: Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Food Balance Sheets regarding legumes and red meat supply was used, as well as Statistics Portugal data for production and consumption of red meat, and National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey concerning consumption of both legumes and red meat. Results: The national consumption of red meat is four times above (68g/day) the recommendations for a healthy and sustainable diet while legumes consumption is three times below (24g/day) what is recommended, reflecting a nutritional transition to a westernized food pattern, both unhealthy and unsustainable. Conclusions: Integrated policies that promote increased information and awareness regarding sustainable diets and effective changes in the food environment that facilitate sustainable food choices by consumers are essential to support a dietary shift in the country towards plant-based diets aligned with the planetary boundaries and sustainable development goals.
Objetivos: O sistema alimentar global tem fortes implicações na degradação ambiental do planeta e alterações climáticas. Recentemente, foi proposta uma dieta de saúde planetária pela EAT-Lancet Commission que serve de referência para a promoção de padrões alimentares alinhados com os limites ambientais do planeta. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o consumo de leguminosas e de carne vermelha em Portugal no âmbito da recente referência planetária, explorando possíveis estratégias políticas que promovam a transição para uma alimentação ambientalmente mais sustentável no país. Metodologias: Foram utilizados dados das Balanças Alimentares da Food and Agriculture Organization relativos à disponibilidade de leguminosas e carne vermelha, dados estatísticos do Instituto Nacional de Estatística sobre produção e consumo de carne vermelha, e dados do Inquérito Alimentar Nacional e de Atividade Física relativamente ao consumo de leguminosas e carne vermelha. Resultados: O consumo nacional de carne vermelha encontra-se aproximadamente quatro vezes acima (68g/d) das recomendações para uma dieta de saúde planetária enquanto que o consumo de leguminosas se encontra três vezes abaixo (24g/d) do recomendado, refletindo uma transição nutricional para um padrão alimentar mais ocidentalizado, pouco saudável e insustentável. Conclusões: Políticas integradas que promovam a informação e a sensibilização para uma alimentação sustentável e a modificação do ambiente alimentar que facilite escolhas mais sustentáveis pelos consumidores são essenciais para que o padrão alimentar em Portugal se aproxime da dieta planetária, contribuindo ainda para os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável e alterações climáticas.
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Botelho, Juliana Nunes 1983. "Cariogenicity of the combination of sucrose with starch and effect of fluoride toothpaste on enamel and dentine demineralization : Cariogenicidade da combinação de sacarose com amido e efeito de dentifrício fluoretado na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289272.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T16:20:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Botelho_JulianaNunes_D.pdf: 1920977 bytes, checksum: 99c53e9c14bfc15c6b8859cce1fe5dec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Sacarose é o carboidrato mais cariogênico da dieta e o amido é considerado não cariogênico para esmalte e moderadamente cariogênico para dentina. Por outro lado, a combinação de amido e sacarose (amido+sacarose) tem sido considerada mais cariogênica que apenas sacarose, mas esse ainda é um assunto em debate. Além do mais, o efeito do dentifrício fluoretado na cariogenicidade dessa combinação é desconhecido. Assim, com o objetivo de estudar esse assunto três experimentos foram conduzidos: (i) o primeiro avaliou efeito de amido+sacarose na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina, usando um modelo de biofilme de S. mutans modificado pela adição de saliva para simular a ação da amilase, (ii) o segundo avaliou in situ o efeito do dentifrício contendo 1.100 µg F/g (DF) na progressão da desmineralização da dentina radicular, e o terceiro (iii) avaliou in situ o efeito do fluoreto no potencial cariogênico de amido+sacarose na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina. In vitro, biofilmes de S. mutans foram formados sobre blocos de esmalte e dentina radicular, por 5 e 4 dias respectivamente, em meio de cultura contendo saliva e expostos a um dos seguintes tratamentos: amido a 1%, sacarose a 10% ou de sua combinação (8x/dia). Os biofilmes foram analisados quanto às suas composições bioquímicas e microbiológicas, e a desmineralização dos blocos foi avaliada. Biofilmes expostos à combinação foram mais acidogênicos (p<0,0001) e provocaram maior desmineralização (p<0,0001) no esmalte e dentina que o efeito dos carboidratos isolados. In situ, o efeito do DF foi testado em um estudo piloto, cruzado no qual sacarose a 10% foi aplicada extraoralmente 8x/dia em 2 fases de 14 dias. Após 10 e 14 dias em cada fase, a desmineralização da dentina foi avaliada. O efeito do dentifrício foi significativo (p<0,0001), mas o efeito do tempo não (p>0,05). Esses resultados sugerem que o DF com 1.100 µg F/g é capaz de diminuir a cárie dentinária mesmo sob alto desafio cariogênico de acúmulo de biofilme e exposição à sacarose. In situ, o efeito dos tratamentos (água, amido a 2%, sacarose a 10% e amido+sacarose) e o efeito do dentifrício (não fluoretado e fluoretado) foram testados em um estudo cruzado, cego, boca-dividida em 4 fases de 14 dias. Os voluntários usaram dois dos tratamentos 8x/dia e um dos dentifrícios 3x/dia. O efeito dos fatores (dentifrício e tratamentos) foram significativos (p<0,05) para esmalte e dentina, mas a interação não (p>0,05). Os resultados sugerem que, independente do desafio cariogênico provocado pelos diferentes carboidratos da dieta testados, o dentifrício fluoretado é efetivo na redução da desmineralização de esmalte e dentina. Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que amido deve aumentar o potencial cariogênico da sacarose mas que fluoreto de dentifrício é capaz de reduzir a desmineralização tanto do esmalte quanto da dentina provocada pela combinação desses carboidratos
Abstract: Sucrose is the most cariogenic dietary carbohydrate while starch is considered non-cariogenic for enamel and slightly cariogenic for dentine. The combination starch and sucrose (starch+sucrose) has been considered more cariogenic than sucrose alone but this subject remains debatable. Also, the effect of fluoride toothpaste on the cariogenicity of this combination is unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate: (i) the effect of starch+sucrose on enamel and dentine demineralization using an S. mutans biofilm model modified by adding human saliva to simulate amylase action; (ii) the in situ effect of fluoride toothpaste (FT) containing 1100 µg F/g on dentine demineralization progression; and (iii) the in situ effect of fluoride on the cariogenic potential of starch+sucrose on enamel and dentine demineralization. In vitro, S. mutans biofilms were grown on enamel and root dentine slabs for 5 and 4 days, respectively, in a saliva-containing medium and exposed to the following treatment: 1% starch; 10% sucrose; or starch+sucrose (8x/day). Biofilms were then analyzed for their biochemical and microbiological compositions, and dental demineralization was evaluated. Biofilms exposed to starch+sucrose were more acidogenic (p < 0.0001) and caused higher demineralization (p < 0.0001) on either enamel or dentine than those exposed to each carbohydrate alone. The in situ effect of FT on dentine demineralization was tested in a pilot crossover study, in which 10% sucrose was applied extra-orally to the slabs 8x/day in 2 phases of 14 days each. At days 10 and 14 of each phase, dentine demineralization was evaluated. The effect of toothpaste was significant (p<0.0001), but the effect of time was not (p>0.05). The results suggest that FT at 1100 µg F/g can reduce dentine demineralization even under high cariogenic challenges - biofilm accumulation and sugar exposure. The in situ effect of the treatments (water, 2% starch, 10% sucrose and starch+sucrose) and that of the toothpastes (non-FT and FT) were tested in a crossover, single-blind and split-mouth study conducted in 4 phases of 14 days each. The volunteers used two of the treatments 8 times/day and one of the toothpastes 3 times/day. The effect of the factors (toothpaste and treatments) was significant (p<0.05) for enamel and dentine, but not (p>0.05) for the interaction. The findings suggest that, regardless of the cariogenic challenge provoked by the different sources of the dietary sugars tested, fluoride toothpaste is effective in reducing enamel and dentine demineralization. In conclusion, the results suggest that starch may enhance the cariogenic potential of sucrose and fluoride from toothpaste reduces enamel and dentine demineralization caused by the combination of these carbohydrates
Doutorado
Cariologia
Doutora em Odontologia
WANSAPURA, ARSHANI N. "CHANGES IN FOOD SOURCES OF SODIUM IN THE DIETS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RESPONSE TO A DIETARY INTERVENTION EMPHASIZING A DASH TYPE DIET." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1154703684.
Повний текст джерелаSánchez, Carracedo David. "Hábitos alimentarios y restricción en jóvenes adolescentes con obesidad y peso normal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670543.
Повний текст джерелаAmorim, Aline Guimarães. "Magnésio na dieta de praticantes de musculação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-29012015-154119/.
Повний текст джерелаThe study evaluated the magnesium comsuption in body building\'s diet (n = 15) according to the new Dietary Reference Intakes (IDRs). Magnesium\'s food sources also were identified of the studied group and in marathon runners\' diet of the same age, so they could be reproduced and analyzed in its total magnesium content. This way, the obtained results in laboratory could becompared with the ones found in food composition tables, also conducting the validity of total magnesium\'s determination methodology . The magnesium dietary consumption (average±standard deviation) was 323±115 mgMg/d and 115±26 mgMg/1000kcal in the the 19-30 year-old group and 345±110 mgMg/d and 110±18 mgMg/1000kcal in the 31 to 50 year-old group, without significant differences among the studied groups. In this scenario, 5 body building athletes had the minimum probability of 70% of adequate magnesium\'s usual ingestion, while 6 showed at least 70% of minimum probability of inadequate magnesium\'s usual ingestion. Should be done a better dietary contribution of the mineral in question, emphasizing a larger food consumption with higher magnesium content. The main boby builders\' Mg food sources were banana, steak, cooked potato, cooked spinach, bean, semi-skimmed milk and oat flakes. Also, for the marathon runners these were represented by banana, com flour, oat bran, bean, steak, cooked fish, okra, chocolate powder, whole-meal bread and cassava. The calibration curve found for magnesium was linear (r = 0,9999), presenting DL and QL O, 15±0, 17 and 0,48±0,55 mgMg/mL In total magnesium determination the certified reference material (NIST) and secundary reference material (AIN93G) presented a variation coefficient (c.v.) of 4,4 and 3,2%, respectively. Even so, the obtained concentration in the NIST reference material was significantly smaller (p <0,05) than the expected value. The analyzed foods had c.v. below the established limit (10%). In the AIN93G reference material and in the oat bran no matrix\'s interference were observed . The total magnesium content found in the analyzed brands of mineral water ranged from 0,5 to 1,2 mgMg/100g. In spite the values above the expected ones, the water doesn\'t contribute with the dietary consumption of magnesium above 7% of EAR, considering the ingestion of 2 liter/d of water. Among the foods submitted to cooking process, okra, spinach, cassava and bean had significant differences (p <0,05) among raw and processed forms. The corn flour, oat bran, whole-meal bread and chocolate powder\'s brands analyzed are different from the expected values, probably due to the different origin of the foods found in the used composition tables.
Furfuro, Taynah Lara. "Consequências metabólicas das dietas paleolítica e vegetariana/vegan." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9667.
Повний текст джерелаCom o passar do tempo, os padrões alimentares sofreram processos de ramificação de modo a adequarem-se a diferentes necessidades, surgindo abordagens dietéticas díspares. Como tal, o objetivo desta investigação é identificar consequências metabólicas de duas destas vertentes: a dieta paleolítica e a dieta vegetariana/vegan. Assim, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica com as expressões “paleolithic diet AND metabolism” e “vegetarian diet AND metabolism” na base de dados PubMed e Scielo. Por um lado, a dieta paleolítica tenta reproduzir um padrão alimentar mais próximo do dos nossos ancestrais, preferindo alimentos provenientes da terra, da caça e da pesca. Alguns estudos levantam a hipótese desta dieta apresentar benefícios na síndrome metabólica. No entanto, pode promover um aumento do risco de deficiências vitamínicas e minerais devido às restrições específicas inerentes a esta dieta. Por outro lado, o vegetarianismo é um termo bastante vasto pois inclui diferentes vertentes dependendo dos alimentos de origem animal que exclui sendo, de uma forma geral, uma dieta à base de alimentos de origem vegetal. É estudada por diversos investigadores que admitem a possibilidade da mesma diminuir o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Contudo, a adoção de uma dieta vegetariana/vegan desequilibrada acarreta um aumento do risco de carências de alguns micronutrientes derivadas da exclusão de grupos alimentares. Assim, apesar de serem necessários mais estudos que clarifiquem os possíveis benefícios e riscos de cada dieta, é possível concluir que qualquer uma delas deve ser devidamente acompanhada nutricionalmente para permitir um aporte adequado de todos os nutrientes necessários para a saúde.
Over time, the dietary patterns undergone branching process to adapt to dissimilar needs, hence arising different dietary approaches. As such, the purpose of this investigation is to identify the metabolic consequences of two of said strands: the Paleolithic diet and the vegetarian/ vegan diet. On this account, a literature research was made applying the expressions “paleolithic diet AND metabolism” and “vegetarian diet AND metabolism” in the PubMed and Scielo database. On one hand, the Paleolithic diet tries to reproduce a dietary pattern closer to those of our ancestors, mainly adopting foods from the land, hunting and fishing. Some studies suggest that the metabolic syndrome benefits from this diet, however, it can also promote an increased risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to its specific dietary restrictions. On the other hand, vegetarianism is an extremely broad term, as it includes different regards depending on which animal products are being excluded, however being, in general, a plant-based diet. Researchers admit the possibility of it decreasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases; nevertheless, embracing an unbalanced vegetarian/ vegan diet leads to an increased risk of some micronutrient’s deficiencies due to the exclusion of certain food groups. As follows, granting more studies should be carried out to elucidate the possible benefits and downsides of each diet, embracing any of these should go along with a well considered plan that includes all nutrients indispensable for one’s health.
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Biffe, Bruna Gabriele [UNESP]. "Influência do ganho de massa corporal, induzido por dieta rica em sacarose, em parâmetros biométricos, bioquímicos e biofísicos de ratos Wistar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88610.
Повний текст джерелаObesidade e osteoporose são doenças crônicas de saúde pública que compartilham características e prevalência cada vez mais relevantes. Com a finalidade de analisar a influência da obesidade induzida por dieta rica em sacarose em parâmetros biométricos, bioquímicos e biofísicos, ratos Wistar machos com 3 meses de idade, foram divididos em grupo C -Controle (n=10), com livre acesso à ração e água e grupo S -Sacarose (n=10), submetidos às mesmas condições do grupo 1 controle e suplementados com sacarose a 30% (p/v). O período experimental foi de 8 semanas. Foram mensurados também massa corporal, ingestão de líquidos, consumo de ração, glicemia, tecido adiposo abdominal, concentrações de cálcio, fósforo, fosfatase alcalina, leptina e insulina. As tíbias foram desarticuladas e dissecadas para análises biofísicas. A densidade mineral óssea foi, avaliada por densitômetro ósseo padrão; a densidade radiográfica por meio do programa computacional de. análise de imagens - lMAGE J; a resistência óssea foi determinada por ensaio mecânico destrutivo; a quantidade de material mineral ósseo por meio da calcinação e a conectividade trabecular foi analisada por microtomografia óssea. Durante o período experimental os animais do grupo C consumiram quantidade maior de água e ração, porém a massa corporal final foi menor que a do grupo S. Neste grupo, a sobrecarga calórica oferecida aos animais, durante oito semanas, resultou em aumento no consumo energético, massa corporal, glicemia, concentração plasmática de leptina e de tecido adiposo abdominal. Entretanto, não apresentou diferença significativa na concentração plasmática de insulina. Na análise biofísica do tecido ósseo foi evidenciada...
Obesity and osteoporosis are chronic diseases of public health importance that share characteristics and increasingly and relevant prevalence. In order to analyze the influence of obesity induced by sucrose- rich diet in biometric, biochemical and biophysical parameters Wistar rats at 3 months of age were divided into two group: C - ControI (n = 10), with free access to food and water and S -Sucrose (n = 10) subjected to the same conditions of control group and supplemented with 30% sucrose (p/v), during 8 weeks. Measures of body mass, fluid intake, feed intake, blood glucose, abdominal adipose tissue, concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, leptin and insulin were taken. The tibias were disarticulated and dissected for biophysical analysis. Bone mineral density was assessed by standard bone densitometer; the radiographic image by the computer program of image analysis -IMAGE J; bane strength was determined by destructive mechanical testing; quantification of bone mineral material by calcination and trabecular connectivity was analyzed by microtomography bone. During the experimental period, animaIs in the control group (C) consumed higher amounts of food and water, but the body mass was smaller than the group receiving sucrose (S). In this group, the caloric load given to the animaIs for eight weeks resulted in increased energy consumption, body mass, glycemia, leptin plasmatic and abdominal faro However, the plasma insulin concentration was not altered. Biophysical analysis of bone tissue revealed lower bane density (DXA) for the group S when compared to the initial density within the same group. However, there was no significant difference in the final comparison between group C and S. Radiographic density showed lower density (mmAL) in the group S. There were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Sheats, Horace Clifton. "Effects of energy through-put and food attitude patterns in response to food choice, amount and combination while following a strength training and aerobic exercise program." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391147.
Повний текст джерелаCelestini, Analisa. "Associação entre níveis pressóricos e o consumo alimentar de uma dieta tipo DASH em indivíduos adultos de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14813.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Recommendations for the control of hypertension include weight control, the restriction of sodium intake and the consumption of alcoholic beverages, as well as adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Objective: To evaluate the association between consumption of a DASH-type diet and blood pressure within the adult population of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Population and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population-based sampling of 1629 adults between 18 and 90 years old. Interviews were conducted at participants’ homes by certified interviewers, using standardized protocols, including a food frequency questionnaire validated for this population. Weight and height were measured, in addition to blood pressure (four measurements), using a automated validate device (OMRON CP-705). Daily dietary intakes were estimated and categorized into the alimentary groups of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and whole grains that make up the DASH score. Analyses of variance, multiple linear regression, and multivariate logistic regression were undertaken for this study. Results: Approximately 21% of the population consumed a DASH-type diet. Individuals in the lower quintile of fruit consumption had higher systolic (129.4 ±1.1 mmHg) and diastolic means (78.2 ±0.7 mmHg) than those in the higher quintile (125.3 ±1.1 and 76.9 ±0.7 mmHg, respectively), as well as those participants who consumed regular and low-fat dairy products and of whole grains (for systolic pressure only). The DASH score was inversely and independently associated with hypertension; participants situated in the lower category had nearly fourteen times greater risk than those in the higher category (OR= 14.4; 95%CI: 1.8- 117.9). Conclusions: The adult population of Porto Alegre consumed groups of the DASH diet, but only one fifth presented a DASH-type diet. The present findings confirm the benefits of the DASH diet on blood pressure in a non-intervention setting.
Kunz, Annemarie [Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Birnbacher, and Simone [Akademischer Betreuer] Dietz. "Was ist eine moralische Erfahrung? / Annemarie Kunz. Betreuer: Dieter Birnbacher. Gutachter: Simone Dietz." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078999147/34.
Повний текст джерелаKilchherr, Fabian Verfasser], Hendrik [Akademischer Betreuer] [Dietz, Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Braun, and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Rief. "Stärke und Kinetik der Stapelwechselwirkung zwischen DNA-Basenpaaren / Fabian Kilchherr. Betreuer: Hendrik Dietz. Gutachter: Dieter Braun ; Hendrik Dietz ; Matthias Rief." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1096458977/34.
Повний текст джерелаKrachler, Benno. "Diet and Cardiometabolic Disease : Dietary trends and the impact of diet on diabetes and cardiovascular disease." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1369.
Повний текст джерелаMcCormick, Sara Elizabeth. "Influence of dietary saturated fat and diet composition on macronutrient selection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ45545.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPeterson, Kelsey. "Development of a facility-specific dietary training program for diet technicians." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1602560.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this project was to develop a facility-specific dietary training program for diet technicians at Center for Discovery, a residential eating disorder treatment program. This dietary training program aimed to educate new diet technicians on how to effectively treat, communicate, and work with individuals with eating disorders.
The dietary training program consists of 10 lessons, each consisting of a lecture, discussion and activity component. Based on current research, this is the most effective lesson format when educating the adult population. Each lesson includes handouts for further reading and a pre- and post-program questionnaire to determine the effectiveness of the program.
An expert panel reviewed the program and provided feedback and recommendations for revisions. For the purpose of this project, the program was not pilot-tested but should be prior to its implementation.
Silva, Jacqueline Tereza da. "Desenvolvimento de um índice dietético baseado na dieta do Programa Alimentar Cardioprotetor Brasileiro (DICA Br)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-26102016-153740/.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: The diet of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Programme (BALANCE) classified food into four groups and set the daily amount to be consumed. The nutritional aspects of BALANCE are different from other dietary recommendations, therefore it is not possible to use existing diet indexes (DI) to associate this diet with cardiovascular disease. Objective: To describe the development of BALANCE DI, evaluate its internal consistency, construct validity and population characteristics associated with the index. Methods: We analyzed baseline data from BALANCE randomized clinical trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01620398). The four food groups of the studied diet were adopted as index components. Each index component received points ranging from 0 to 10 and the total score ranged from 0 to 40. The internal consistency was evaluated by means of correlation coefficients between total and each component index score, as well as the Cronbach´s alpha coefficient. The construct validity was assessed by checking how nutrients are associated with the index. Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the characteristics of the population that are associated with the index. Results: The analysis included 2044 subjects (58.6 per cent men). The average of the total index was higher among women. The components of the index showed low correlations with each other and the correlations between each individual component and the total index were > 0.40. Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient was 0.66. High scores in the index were inversely associated with the intake of energy, total fat, monounsaturated fat, cholesterol and directly associated with the intake of carbohydrates and fiber. Hypertensive men and diabetic women had higher scores, while male smokers had lower scores. Conclusions: The BALANCE DI showed satisfactory reliability and construct validity, reflected the intake of key nutrients and detected characteristics of individuals that are associated with the BALANCE diet.
Costa, Alexandra Ferreira da. "Food neophobia and its association with food preferences and dietary intake of adults." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7568.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Food neophobia has been associated with less healthy food choices and with poorer overall dietary quality, but it may also affect food preferences. The objective of this study was to assess the association of both food preferences and dietary intake with food neophobia in a sample of Portuguese adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a non-probabilistic sample of 229 adults, aged 18 to 84 years. Food Neophobia was measured with the Pliner’s and Hobden’s Food Neophobia Scale, previously validated. To assess the dietary intake over the previous 12 months, a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was applied. We defined a dietary pattern - the Healthy Diet Indicator (measuring adherence to dietary guidelines) to summarise the effects of overall dietary intake. Generalised linear models were performed to test those associations in multivariate analyses (β̂ and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), controlled for sex, age and education). Results: Food neophobia was negatively associated with a general liking for the act of eating (β̂=-2.976, 95%CI:-5.324;-0.993) and with reduced preferences for specific foods, such as fruit and vegetables, game meat, oily fish, seafood, fish soup, and traditional Portuguese dishes with blood. Those with higher food neophobia showed a lower consumption of fruits and vegetables, but a higher consumption of milk and codfish, a very popular Portuguese dish. However, food neophobia did not affect the macronutrients and energy intake, as well as sodium, added sugars and fibre intake. Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was not significantly associated with food neophobia. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the food neophobia level decreases the consumption and the preference for specific foods, but has no impact on a healthy dietary pattern.
Introdução: A neofobia alimentar tem sido associada com escolhas alimentares menos saudáveis e com uma menor qualidade da alimentação no geral, mas pode também influenciar as preferências alimentares. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre as preferências e a ingestão alimentar e a neofobia alimentar numa amostra de adultos portugueses. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal numa amostra não probabilística de 229 adultos, com idades entre os 18 e os 84 anos. A Neofobia Alimentar foi avaliada através da Escala de Neofobia de Pliner e Hobden, previamente validada. Para avaliar a ingestão alimentar nos últimos 12 meses, foi aplicado um questionário semi-quantitativo de frequência alimentar anteriormente validado. Foi também definido um padrão alimentar de Alimentação Saudável (que mede a adesão a recomendações dietéticas) para resumir o efeito da ingestão alimentar global. Foram realizados modelos lineares generalizados para testar as associações em análise multivariada (β’ e os respetivos intervalos de confiança a 95% (IC95%), ajustados para sexo, idade e escolaridade). Resultados: A neofobia alimentar associou-se a um menor gosto em geral pelo ato de comer (β̂= -2,976, 95%IC: -5,324; -0,993) e a uma menor preferência por alimentos específicos, como fruta e produtos hortícolas, carne de caça, peixe gordo, marisco, sopa de peixe e alguns pratos tradicionais portugueses. Indivíduos com maior neofobia alimentar apresentaram um menor consumo de hortofrutícolas, mas um maior consumo de leite e bacalhau, um prato popular Português. No entanto, a neofobia alimentar não afetou a ingestão de macronutrientes e de energia, assim como a de sódio, açúcares adicionados e fibras. A adesão a um padrão alimentar saudável não se mostrou significativamente associada à neofobia alimentar. Conclusão: Os nossos resultados indicam que o nível de neofobia alimentar afeta o consumo e a preferência por alimentos específicos, mas não parece ter influência num padrão alimentar saudável.
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Moreiras, Reynaga Diana Karina. "Pre-Columbian diets in the Soconusco revisited : a dietary study through stable isotopic analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44302.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Kaipeng. "Acculturation, Sociodemographic and Environmental Determinants of Dietary Intake Among Asian Immigrants in the United States:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107303.
Повний текст джерелаResearch has established that dietary quality among Asian immigrants declined after immigrating to the United States, indicated by decreasing intake of healthy food and increasing intake of unhealthy food. There is a need for a broader investigation for the interactive influence of acculturation, sociodemographic and environmental factors on dietary intake among this population. Guided by the Operant Theory of Acculturation, and the Dietary Acculturation Theory, the present study examined the following research questions to address the gaps in the literature: (1) Are acculturation factors associated with dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (2) What sociodemographic factors are associated with dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (3) What environmental factors are associated with dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (4) What sociodemographic factors moderate the effect of acculturation on dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (5) What environmental factors moderate the effect of acculturation on dietary intake among Asian immigrants? The data in use come from the 2011 – 2012 Adult California Health Interview survey. The sample includes 2,122 non-Hispanic Asian adults born out of the United States. Results from negative binomial regression indicate that intake of fruits, vegetables, soda, fries and fast food was all negatively associated with living in the United States for at least 10 years, compared to living in the Unites States for less than 10 years. The present study also found sociodemographic (including ethnicity, age, gender, education, employment status, and income) and environmental factors (including family type, household size, household tenure, housing type, perceived availability of fresh fruits and vegetables, residential area category, and participation in food stamp and WIC) statistically significantly confounded and moderated the association between length of time lived in the United States and dietary intake. Findings from this study extend the understanding of the protective and risk factors for Asian immigrants to develop and maintain healthy diet, and demonstrated the complexity of dietary changes among Asian immigrants. Based on the findings, the importance that social work research and practice in addressing nutrition inequality among Asian immigrants was highlighted. The study also discovered potential issues and challenges of developing measurement for dietary intake among Asian immigrants, and provided empirical evidence of longitudinal research designs to further explain dietary changes, and guidelines for community-based interventions to address strategies of nutrition promotion among Asian immigrants
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
Lopes, Raissa do Vale Cardoso. "Fatores dietéticos e persistência da infecção por HPV em homens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21092015-113133/.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: HPV infections are the most common among sexually transmitted diseases. Although most frequently transitory, persistent oncogenic-type HPV infection may progress to a precursor lesion and, if not correctly treated, to cancer. The dissemination of HPV tends to be universal in sexually active individuals. Men, besides being in risk to cancer, in special penile and anal cancer, can be the spreader of this virus to women, contributing to the infection, and hence the cervical cancer. However, little is known about this infection in men. Some studies discuss the possible relation between diet and the risk of HPV and the role of food in persistent infections. Food and nutrients could influence carcinogenesis process by affecting nutritional status, susceptibility to infection and by acting in the probability of infection turning persistent and progressing to neoplastic lesions, besides altering DNA repair and stability. Objective: Investigate the relation of selected nutrients and HPV persistent infection in men of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The study population consisted of 1,248 men from the Brazilian cohort of HIM study, aged from 18 to 70 years old, whose answered a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the baseline. The FFQ was developed and validated for the study population and afterwards calibrated and energy-adjusted. The U Mann-Whitney test was used to assess differences in the medians of nutrient intake between men with persistent and non-persistent infection. The association of dietary intake and persistent HPV infection was assessed in multivariate logistic models. Two independent multivariate logistic regression models were developed, one for oncogenic HPV persistent infection and other for nononcogenic HPV persistent infection. By treating categorical nutrient variables as continuous, it was possible to perform tests for trends. Results: Of 1248 participants analyzed, 1211 (97,0 per cent ) presented HPV infection and 781 (62,6 per cent ) presented persistent HPV infection, whereas 458 (36,7 per cent ) showed persistent infection by oncogenic type and 636 (51,0 per cent ) by nononcogenic type. For oncogenic type, the group with non-persistent infection had higher medians of retinol (p=0,008), vitamin A (p<0,001) and folate (DFE) (p=0,003), besides lower medians of energy (p=0,005) and lycopene (p=0,008). There was no significant association between selected nutrients and persistent oncogenic HPV infection. For nononcogenic persistent infections, only vitamin B12 was significantly associated (p=0,003, test for trend). Conclusion: No association was found between dietary intake and persistent oncogenic-type HPV infection. For nononcogenic persistent infections, only vitamin B12 was inversely associated.
Horner, Stacie Lynn. "Assessing dietary variety in school-aged children can three 24-hour interval and consecutive diet recalls predict dietary variety similar to 15 days of 24-hour diet recalls?/." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1163719618.
Повний текст джерелаAdvisor: Dr. Grace Falciglia (Chair), Dr. Sarah Couch. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Mar. 29, 2009). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
PINTO, Mara Rúbia Romeu. "Alimentação de Apis mellifera africanizadas: relação com a fisiologia, produção, sanidade e segurança alimentar." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2548.
Повний текст джерелаFeeding bees Apis mellifera is considered one of the main bottlenecks of beekeeping, having effects on entire production chain. In this species feeding is crucial, not only is necessary to support the maintenance, reproduction and production, but also is responsible for caste differentiation. In contrast to its importance, few studies addressing the development of economically viable diets, easy to purchase and with proven results. Possibly, their development is contingent on available food regionally. Studies on the basic nutritional needs are quite old and made with European bees. The development of applied research addressing this subject with the focus on testing the efficiency of artificial diets is more recent, and still needs improvement, especially in regard to the assessment methodologies. The literature data are much less abundant and more inchoate than those referring to other domesticated species, like mammals and poultries. Aiming to test the effect of diets for Apis mellifera, an experiment in laboratory was carried, with newly emerged bees, kept in an incubator at 32° C, humidity 70-80%, for six days, where they received diet and water ad libidum. Seven experimental diets were tested, using to evaluate the following parameters, the total protein content in the hemolymph, the weight of the bees and the consumption of diets. Four diets showed significant differences in protein content of the hemolymph as compared to control group. One of which was also higher in the parameters weight and consumption. Based on this work, diets with better performance were tested under field conditions in three distinct regions of Santa Catarina state, were evaluated the brood area (drone, opened, closed and total), storage areas for food (honey and pollen), the percentage of Varroa destructor mite infestation, and the physical-chemical analysis of honey. In field experiments, we noted a wide variation in the data, even when considering the same treatment, suggesting that environmental variables might influence the results, and significant differences were demonstrated only in the areas of brood opened, brood total (Serrana region) and mite infestation (Oeste Catarinense and Serrana regions) compared to control. Diets did not alter the patterns of identity and quality of honey produced, and may be considered appropriate for supplemental feeding during times of scarce of pollen.
A alimentação das abelhas Apis mellifera é considerada um dos principais gargalos da apicultura, influindo em diversas áreas da atividade apícola. Nesta espécie, a alimentação é determinante, pois além de levar o suporte necessário para a manutenção, reprodução e produção, também é responsável pela diferenciação das castas. Em contraponto à sua importância, existem poucos estudos contemplando o desenvolvimento de dietas economicamente viáveis, de fácil aquisição e de resultados comprovados. Possivelmente, o seu desenvolvimento esteja condicionado aos alimentos disponíveis regionalmente. Estudos sobre as necessidades nutricionais básicas são bastante antigos e realizados com abelhas europeias. O desenvolvimento de pesquisas aplicadas abordando o tema, com o enfoque de testar a eficiência de dietas artificiais, parece ser mais recente e, ainda, necessita de aprimoramento, principalmente no que tange às metodologias de avaliação. Os dados da literatura são bem menos abundantes e mais incipientes do que aqueles referentes às outras espécies animais domésticas, como os mamíferos e aves. Com o objetivo de testar o efeito de dietas para Apis mellifera, realizou-se experimento em laboratório, com abelhas recém-emergidas, mantidas em incubadora a 32°C, umidade entre 70-80%, por seis d ias, onde receberam as dietas e água ad libidum. Foram testadas sete dietas, utilizando-se como parâmetros de avaliação o teor de proteínas totais na hemolinfa, o peso das abelhas e o consumo das dietas. Quatro dietas apresentaram diferença significativa no teor de proteína da hemolinfa quando comparadas ao grupo controle, sendo que uma delas foi superior também nos parâmetros peso e consumo. Com base neste trabalho, as dietas que apresentaram melhor desempenho foram testadas em campo, em três regiões distintas, no Estado de Santa Catarina, avaliando-se as áreas de cria (zangão, aberta, fechada e total); as áreas de depósito de alimento (mel e pólen) e a porcentagem de infestação pelo ácaro Varroa destructor. No experimento de campo, notou-se uma grande variação dos dados, mesmo quando considerado o mesmo grupo de tratamento, demonstrando que as variáveis ambientais podem mascarar os resultados e as diferenças significativas somente foram demonstradas nas áreas de cria aberta, cria total (região Serrana) e infestação por Varroa destructor (região Oeste Catarinense e Serrana) em comparação ao grupo controle. As dietas utilizadas não alteraram as características físico-químicas do mel produzido, podendo ser consideradas adequadas para suplementação alimentar em época de escassez de recurso natural de pólen.
Votier, Stephen C. "Conservation implications of variation in diet and dietary specialisation in great skuas." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390768.
Повний текст джерелаHession, Michelle. "Different dietary approaches for the treatment of obesity and the phenotypic responses to these diets." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/415.
Повний текст джерелаMorrow, Luke Adam. "Factors limiting the dietary inclusion level of dried distillers grains with solubles in ruminant diets." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338156625.
Повний текст джерелаCobanov, Branislav. "Stochastic control of animal diets optimal sampling schedule and diet optimization /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155661130.
Повний текст джерелаApekey, Tanefa Antoinette. "Weight loss diets : effects on risk factors of diet related diseases." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496080.
Повний текст джерелаBiffe, Bruna Gabriele. "Influência do ganho de massa corporal, induzido por dieta rica em sacarose, em parâmetros biométricos, bioquímicos e biofísicos de ratos Wistar /." Araçatuba, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88610.
Повний текст джерелаCoorientador: Maria Tereza Nunes
Banca: Lígia Araújo Martini
Banca: Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior
Resumo: Obesidade e osteoporose são doenças crônicas de saúde pública que compartilham características e prevalência cada vez mais relevantes. Com a finalidade de analisar a influência da obesidade induzida por dieta rica em sacarose em parâmetros biométricos, bioquímicos e biofísicos, ratos Wistar machos com 3 meses de idade, foram divididos em grupo C -Controle (n=10), com livre acesso à ração e água e grupo S -Sacarose (n=10), submetidos às mesmas condições do grupo 1 controle e suplementados com sacarose a 30% (p/v). O período experimental foi de 8 semanas. Foram mensurados também massa corporal, ingestão de líquidos, consumo de ração, glicemia, tecido adiposo abdominal, concentrações de cálcio, fósforo, fosfatase alcalina, leptina e insulina. As tíbias foram desarticuladas e dissecadas para análises biofísicas. A densidade mineral óssea foi, avaliada por densitômetro ósseo padrão; a densidade radiográfica por meio do programa computacional de. análise de imagens - lMAGE J; a resistência óssea foi determinada por ensaio mecânico destrutivo; a quantidade de material mineral ósseo por meio da calcinação e a conectividade trabecular foi analisada por microtomografia óssea. Durante o período experimental os animais do grupo C consumiram quantidade maior de água e ração, porém a massa corporal final foi menor que a do grupo S. Neste grupo, a sobrecarga calórica oferecida aos animais, durante oito semanas, resultou em aumento no consumo energético, massa corporal, glicemia, concentração plasmática de leptina e de tecido adiposo abdominal. Entretanto, não apresentou diferença significativa na concentração plasmática de insulina. Na análise biofísica do tecido ósseo foi evidenciada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Obesity and osteoporosis are chronic diseases of public health importance that share characteristics and increasingly and relevant prevalence. In order to analyze the influence of obesity induced by sucrose- rich diet in biometric, biochemical and biophysical parameters Wistar rats at 3 months of age were divided into two group: C - ControI (n = 10), with free access to food and water and S -Sucrose (n = 10) subjected to the same conditions of control group and supplemented with 30% sucrose (p/v), during 8 weeks. Measures of body mass, fluid intake, feed intake, blood glucose, abdominal adipose tissue, concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, leptin and insulin were taken. The tibias were disarticulated and dissected for biophysical analysis. Bone mineral density was assessed by standard bone densitometer; the radiographic image by the computer program of image analysis -IMAGE J; bane strength was determined by destructive mechanical testing; quantification of bone mineral material by calcination and trabecular connectivity was analyzed by microtomography bone. During the experimental period, animaIs in the control group (C) consumed higher amounts of food and water, but the body mass was smaller than the group receiving sucrose (S). In this group, the caloric load given to the animaIs for eight weeks resulted in increased energy consumption, body mass, glycemia, leptin plasmatic and abdominal faro However, the plasma insulin concentration was not altered. Biophysical analysis of bone tissue revealed lower bane density (DXA) for the group S when compared to the initial density within the same group. However, there was no significant difference in the final comparison between group C and S. Radiographic density showed lower density (mmAL) in the group S. There were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Jim, Susan. "The development of bone cholesterol delta¹³C values as a new source of palaeodietary information : models of its use in conjunction with bone collagen and apatite delta¹³C values." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326781.
Повний текст джерелаGenoni, Angela. "Health impacts and dietary composition of Paleolithic and Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Diets in Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2126.
Повний текст джерелаPombo, Maira. "Biologia populacional e dieta de Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan, 1889) S. stellifer (Bloch, 1790) e S. brasiliensis (Schultz, 1945) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) na Enseada de Caraguatabuba (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-02082011-120452/.
Повний текст джерелаIntending to collaborate with some knowledge about ecosystems functioning for its suitable management and the conservation of natural resources, it was analyzed the populational dynamics and diet of three species belonging to the genus Stellifer (Sciaenidae), collected from August 2003 to October 2004, in shallow areas of Caraguatatuba Bay, where there was the least influence as possible of rivers and estuaries placed in the region. Species were Stellifer rastrifer (n=3183), S. brasiliensis (n=357) and S. Stellifer (n=116), wich focused at the southern area of the Bay. Species were significantly different from each other for size (S. rastrifer > S. stellifer > S. brasiliensis), although they have shown a quite similar pattern of length variation over time. They all fed upon basically crustaceans, with marked seasonal variation of food items and high dietary overlap among them. Stellifer rastrifer abundance allowed reproductive aspects analysis and the determination of growth parameters. The number of mature gonads in females was very small and gonadosomatic index values throughout the year were low, thus indicating that it is not a sapwn area. The growth parameters calculated (L?=20.9, K=0.37 and Z=2,81) indicate that there is a spatial segregation by size and that the mortality rate must, therefore, include a high rate of older individuals migration to deeper areas, where it is assumed that they complete their development.
Ax, Erika. "Dietary Patterns : Identification and Health Implications in the Swedish Population." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-250280.
Повний текст джерелаVallejos, Vidal Eva Carolina. "molecular regulation of the immune function in the gills of gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) fed with immunostimulant diets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/319686.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past 10 years, different immunostimulants have been tested in more than 18 fish species including: Carp, Yellow croaker, Turbot, Atlantic salmon and Seabream, amongst others. The compounds tested are varied including bacterial components, polysaccharides, animal, plant and algae extract, nutritional factors, and even hormones and cytokines and some synthetics such as Levamisole. However even although a lot of interest and studies have been carried out, commercially available immunostimulant diets mainly contain β-glucans. The majority of the studies reported are based upon cellular response assays such as phagocyte activity and ROS and simple blood measurements such as total serum IgM content. All studies have shown positive results, but little is known about the underlying molecular response to dietary administration of immunostimulants. In order to evaluate the transcriptomic response in gills we analyzed and evaluated gene expression profiles associated with exposure to immunostimulant diets over time, using both a molecular and cellular approach. Experimentally, 360 healthy Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) of average body weight of 38±7.3 g were separated in 27 tanks and fed with two Skretting immunostimulant diets (Diet A and Diet B) and a control diet (Diet C). Each diet were fed at a feeding rate of 3% of body weight twice daily for 28 days with a period of 14 days of pre-acclimation. Gills samples were taken at 2, 7, 14 and 28 days post diet. All samples were divided for microarray analysis (specific Sparus aurata 44K microarray, Agilent custom design) and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis. A diet dependent and a loop analysis were carried out, with control diet as a reference point. Microarray results shown a differential expression of genes associated to immunological processes such as inflammation, T and B cell response amongst others but the intensity and magnitude of the modulation of these responses was not high. ISH analysis showed localization of immunological transcripts in a specific cellular type in the primary lamellae of gilthead seabream gills.
Garzillo, Josefa Maria Fellegger. "A alimentação e seus impactos ambientais: abordagens dos guias alimentares nacionais e estudo da dieta dos brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6140/tde-13022019-082545/.
Повний текст джерелаMonotonous diets with high meat and ultra-processed foods consumption worsen the food security status because they accelerate epidemiological records of chronic diseases while degrading ecosystems. Environmental indicators systematically applied in the field of nutrition reveal scientific evidences and ethical justifications to support nutritional and environmental education integration in national dietary guidelines. A big challenge today is strengthening metrics of healthy and sustainable diets, which includes developing environmental indicators linked to nutritional quality of food patterns. First, we made a qualitative evaluation of how the national guidelines have inserted environmental issues in their recommendations, followed by a quantitative study on how much the healthy diets adoption by Brazilians would reduce environmental impacts. By content analysis, using techniques such as expressions screening and thematic categorization, we linked an extensive environmental repertoire to the Planetary Boundaries within which humanity could live safely: freshwater use, chemical pollution, biosphere integrity, land use and the Earth systems change, climate change and biogeochemical flow. Integrated guidelines recommended choosing eco-labeled food from local and organic production, home made meals mostly composed by fresh and seasonal vegetables, moderate in meat, avoiding ultra-processed foods, packaging, overconsumption and waste. Water and food contaminated by pathogens, plant foods by pesticides and fish by mercury were issues presented even by guidelines with scope restricted to nutrition. Food recommendations connected climate change to meat consumption, but also to energy use and transportation. For the quantitative study, we created a new environmental database with carbon and water footprints obtained from international life cycle assessment publications for all consumption items in the Family Budget Survey (2008-2009) of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. The footprints of foods and culinary preparations consumed by Brazilians are available to direct use as calculations factors integrated to the nutritional composition table. In the very first application of the environmental database, we calculated the carbon and water footprints of average food consumption (4.1 kgCO2eq and 4120 liters of water), a simulated healthy diet (3.5 kgCO2eq and 3410 liters of water) and scenarios defined by five quintils of dietary energy participation of ultra-processed foods and five quintils of red meats in general. We compared footprints using equalized diets in 2000 kcal and 60 g protein. We compared environmental impacts linked to nutritional quality by different functional units (100g, 100kcal and grams of protein). The highest meat consumption had the highest footprints of all (6.4kgCO2eq and 6293 liters of water). The highest consumption of ultra-processed had footprints (4.2kgCO2eq and 3789 liters of water) comparable to the average consumption. If 200 million Brazilians would adopt the healthy diet, they would reduce emissions in 45 million tons of carbon per year.
Alish, Carolyn Jean. "The Psychosocial Determinants Of Diet Quality And Dietary Intake: A Social Cognitive Approach To Examining The Relationships Between/Among Personal And Environmental Factors And Diet Quality And dietary Intake In Working Women." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054701490.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 289 p., ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: M. Catherine Mitchell, Nutrition Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-220).
Bustamante, García Marifé, Feliu Montserrat Martinez, Karin Servan, and Percy Mayta-Tristan. "Oferta y composición nutricional de ensaladas en patios de comida de centros comerciales de Lima Metropolitana, 2014." Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/594825.
Повний текст джерелаObjetivos. Evaluar la oferta y composición nutricional de las ensaladas ofrecidas como plato principal en los patios de comida de los centros comerciales de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se revisó las cartas de comida de todas las franquicias presentes en los patios de comida de los once centro comerciales de Lima, luego se evaluó la composición nutricional de las ensaladas ofertadas como plato principal calculando su contenido calórico, proteico, carbohidratos, grasas, colesterol, fibra y sodio, y la adecuación de ingesta para una cena (30% de una dieta de 2000 kcal). Resultados. Las ensaladas como plato principal representaron el 4,7% de la oferta, solo 7/17 franquicias ofrecían al menos una ensalada. El costo promedio de las ensaladas fue superior a los otros platos ($5,3 vs 4,7; p<0,001). El contenido calórico promedio fue de 329 kcal y de 2,7 g de fibra; con relación a una cena, se encontró un alto porcentaje de adecuación proteica (172,9%), de colesterol (121,0%), y bajo para calorías (54,8%), carbohidratos (23,1%) y fibra (36,4%). Conclusiones. Las ensaladas que se ofertan en patios de centros comerciales de Lima son escasas y más costosas, presentan poco aporte de fibra y altos contenidos de colesterol. Se deben revisar estrategias para mejorar la accesibilidad de ensaladas de calidad en escenarios donde solo ofertan comidas rápidas.
Silva, Zoraide Nascimento da. "Efeito da Dieta da Proteína no metabolismo ósseo em ratas Wistar Adultas." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3429.
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Uma das dietas mais procuradas para perda de peso é a dieta Atkins, caracterizada como hiperproteica, hiperlipídica e hipoglicídica. O consumo em excesso de proteínas leva a produção de ácidos provenientes do metabolismo protéico e para manter a homeostase sanguínea são recrutados íons, principalmente o cálcio proveniente do osso, levando ao comprometimento deste tecido. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da dieta hiperproteica no tecido ósseo em ratas Wistar. O estudo teve duração de 60 dias. Animais com 90 dias de idade foram divididas em 4 grupos (n=7); Grupo controle Caseína 1 (C1) e Caseína 2 (C2), Grupo Hiperproteico 1 (HP1) e Hiperproteico 2 (HP 2). O grupo C2 e HP2 foram submetidos a 30% de restrição alimentar. O experimento teve a duração de 60 dias. O peso e a ingestão hídrica eram verificados uma vez por semana. Utilizando absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios X (DXA) foi avaliada a densidade mineral óssea (DMO g/cm2), o conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO g), a Área (cm2), tecido gordo total e do tronco. A análise densitométrica foi realizada no início e ao final do experimento com o animal anestesiado. Após o sacrifício foram coletadas amostras de sangue e o fêmur direito. No fêmur foi realizado densitometria óssea, biometria e com as cinzas ósseas análises de cálcio, magnésio e fósforo. Do sangue coletado foi obtido o soro e analisados cálcio, magnésio, fósforo, insulina, osteocalcina e paratormônio. Os resultados são apresentados com média e erro padrão. Os animais com alimentação em livre demanda apresentaram maior ganho de massa corporal do que os animais com restrição calórica. Os grupos hiperproteicos apresentaram maior ingestão hídrica, quando comparados com o grupo C1 (P<0,05). Na ingestão alimentar, os grupos experimentais consumiram quantidades similares e menor em comparação com o Controle 1 (P<0,05). As concentrações de cálcio sérico foram menores entre os grupos experimentais e C2 (P<0,05). Os valores da osteocalcina sérica foram menores nos grupos hiperproteicos (P<0,05). A insulina foi significativamente menor no grupo HP2 (P<0,05), e sem diferença significativa entre os grupos controles e HP1, sendo que o grupo C2 apresentou redução de mais de 50% em relação ao grupo C1. Houve redução da largura do ponto médio da diáfise do fêmur nos grupos experimentais quando comparados com seus respectivos grupos controle. As concentrações de cálcio ósseo foram menores nos grupos hiperproteicos (P<0,05). No geral, os resultados densitométricos ósseos total, da pelve e da coluna vertebral foram semelhantes entre os grupos com consumo em livre demanda e entre os grupos com restrição alimentar. A DMO do fêmur do grupo HP2 foi menor (P<0,05). O tecido gordo do tronco nos grupos com consumo em livre demanda foi maior e o tecido magro total desses grupos foram similares. A dieta da proteína não promoveu maior perda de peso que a dieta controle. Os grupos hiperproteicos apresentaram redução da largura do ponto médio da diáfise do fêmur, diminuição do cálcio ósseo e sérico e da osteocalcina, sendo que o grupo HP2 apresentou também diminuição na concentração sérica de insulina
One of the most sought diet for weight loss is the Atkins’, characterized as a high protein, lipid and low glycemic diet. The excessive intake of proteins leads to the production of acids from it’s metabolism. In order to maintain homeostasis, blood ions are recruited, mainly calcium from the bone, leading to impairment of the tissue. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a high protein diet on the bone tissue in Wistar rats. 90-day-old animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 7): Casein 1 group control (C1), Casein 2 (C2), High Protein 1 (HP1) and High Protein 2 (HP 2). Groups C2 and HP2 were subjected to 30% of food restriction ( 60 days). Weight and water intake were checked once a week. Bone mineral density (BMD g/cm2), bone mineral content (BMC g), total fat tissue and area (cm2) of the thorax were determined by Dual Emission X-rays (DXA). Anesthetized animals were subjected to densitometric analysis at the beginning and at the end of the experiment with anesthetized animals. Then the animals were terminated, and the blood and right femur collected. Femur densitometry and biometrics were made. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were determined from bone ashes. Serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, insulin, PTH and osteocalcin were measured. Results are presented as mean and standard error. Animals fed ad libitum gained more body weight than the animals on restricted diet. High protein groups had higher (P <0.05) water intake when compared with C1. Food intake in experimental groups was similar and lower (P <0.05) when compared with C1. Serum calcium concentration were lower (P <0.05) between the high protein groups and C2. Values of serum osteocalcin were low (P <0.05) in high protein groups. Insulin was significantly low (P <0.05) in group HP2. C2 group insulin was reduced by over 50% compared to C1. Groups HP1 and control were statistically similar. High protein groups showed a width at the midpoint of the diaphysis when compared with their respective control groups. Bone calcium concentrations were low (P <0.05) in high protein groups. Overall, the results of bone, pelvis and spine densitometries were similar between groups ad libitum and with restricted diets. HP2 group femurs exhibited reduced bone mass density (BMD). Trunk fat and lean tissues in ad libitum groups were higher (P<0.05) and similar, respectively. The protein diet did not promote greater weight loss than the restricted diet. High protein groups showed a width reduction at the midpoint of the diaphysis, decreased bone and serum calcium and osteocalcin. HP2 group also showed lower serum insulin
Buragas, Alex. "Comportamento alimentar de codornas poedeiras (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) recebendo rações com diferentes micotoxinas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-19092006-121221/.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this experiment was: analise alimentary behavior in diets with zearalenon and aflatoxin; observe poultry abilitys to discern from diets with or with out micotoxins; to understand if quail were able to select a diet. 80 quail layers (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used in a latin square design (4x4). The treatments were: control (T1); control + 0.1% adsorvent (T2); 2 mg/kg aflatoxin + 4 mg/kg zearalenon (T3) e 2mg/kg aflatoxin + 4 mg/kg zearalenon + 0.1% adsorvent (T4), in 4 different places. To observe animal behavior diets were changed of position every 7 seven days. There were differences (p<0,05) among treatments, with lower intake for diets with 2 mg/kg aflatoxin and zearalenon with or with out adsorvent. This study indicates that layers could recognize the contamined treatments, animal intake for free contamination diets were highest
Veiga, Kelen Rodrigues da. "Preferência alimentar do preá (Cavia magna Ximenez 1980), em uma ilha subtropical no sul do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2013. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/6032.
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O gênero Cavia pertence à família Caviidae. No Rio Grande do Sul são encontradas as espécies C. aperea e C. magna, sendo a última ocorrente na Ilha dos Marinheiros, local onde foi realizado este estudo. A disponibilidade de alimentos no ambiente é importante para o desenvolvimento da espécie. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi determinar preferência alimentar de Cavia magna, relacionando as espécies vegetais encontradas na dieta com suas disponibilidades no ambiente. Foram realizadas sazonalmente, no período de um ano, coletas e levantamento da vegetação, estimando a cobertura de cada espécie para posteriormente calcular o Índice de valor de importância (IVI). Mensalmente, nesse mesmo período, foram coletadas amostras de fezes dos preás, para análise micro-histológica, técnica esta amplamente utilizada para determinação da dieta de herbívoros. Os dados foram coletados em dois transectos, um ao Norte e outro ao Sul da Ilha em 30 unidades amostrais de 1m², cada. Testes MANOVA e de Mantel foram realizados para determinar a relação entre a distribuição e abundância das espécies vegetais no ambiente, e as espécies encontradas nas amostras fecais. No ambiente foram registradas 96 espécies distribuídas em 44 famílias durante os períodos amostrados, sendo Asteraceae, Poaceae e Cyperaceae as mais representativas. Juncus acutus apresentou maior Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI) na área Norte nos quatro períodos estudados e no verão e outono na área Sul. Cladium jamaicense e Plantago australis tiveram maior IVI nos períodos de inverno e primavera, respectivamente. Nas amostras fecais foram identificadas 24 espécies vegetais pertencentes a 19 famílias. Poaceae foi a família com maior número de espécies frequente na dieta para ambas as áreas. Na área Norte, Hypoxis decumbens e Juncus acutus foram as espécies de maior frequência nas amostras de fezes, enquanto que na área Sul, a espécie mais frequente foi Paspaum urvillei. Os testes MANOVA demonstraram variabilidade de espécies tanto no ambiente quanto nas amostras de fezes, no que se refere às estações do ano. O teste de Mantel mostrou influência significativa entre a disponibilidade da vegetação e as espécies consumidas pelo preá, porém com baixa correlação. As espécies mais consumidas foram buscadas por C. magna em maiores distâncias, ou selecionadas, mesmo quando ofertadas em menores quantidades no ambiente, demonstrando seletividade e preferência deste roedor por algumas espécies vegetais no presente estudo.
The Genus Cavia belongs to the family Caviidae. In Rio Grande do Sul are found the species C. aperea and C. magna, the last occurring on the Marinheiros Island, where the study was conducted. The availability of food in the environment is crucial for the development of the species. The objective of this study was to determine the feeding preference of Cavia magna listing the plant species found in the diet with their availability in the environment. Were conducted seasonally, during one year, sampling and survey of vegetation, estimating the coverage of each species to subsequently calculate the importance value index (IVI). Monthly, during the same period, samples of cavies’s feces were collected for microhistological analysis, this technique is widely used to determine the diet of herbivores. Data were collected in two transects, one North and the other South of the island in 30 sampling units of 1m² each. MANOVA and Mantel’s Test was conducted to determine the relationship between the abundance and distribution in the environment of the plant species and species found in fecal samples. The environment has been recorded 96 species in 44 families in the sample periods, and Asteraceae, Poaceae and Cyperaceae were the most representative. Juncus acutus showed greater Importance Value Index (IVI) in the North area in the four periods and during summer and autumn, in the South area. Cladium jamaicense and Plantago australis had higher IVI during winter and spring, respectively. In fecal samples were identified 24 plant species belonging to 19 families. Poaceae was the family with the highest number of species in the diet for both areas. In the North, Hypoxis decumbens and Juncus acutus were the species most frequently in stool samples, while in the South, the most frequent was Paspaum urvillei. MANOVA tests demonstrate that there is both species variability in the environment and in the feces sample, with respect to seasons. The Mantel test showed significant influence between the availability of vegetation and species consumed by cavy, but with low correlation. The most consumed species were sought by C. magna at greater distances, or selected, even when offered in smaller quantities in the environment, demonstrating selectivity and preference of this rodent by some vegetal species in this study
Dell, Cynthia A. "The differential effects of dietary fat in a rat model of the ketogenic diet." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ49775.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWard, Heather Anne. "A comparison of dietary assessment methods : diet and coronary heart disease as an exemplar." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609589.
Повний текст джерелаTROYER, ANN MARIE. "Dietary Variety Increases as a Function of Time and Influences Diet Quality in Children." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1019053251.
Повний текст джерелаGiskes, Katrina. "Socioeconomic position, dietary intakes, perceptions of health and diet among Australian adolescents and adults." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15871/1/Katrina_Giskes_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGiskes, Katrina. "Socioeconomic position, dietary intakes, perceptions of health and diet among Australian adolescents and adults." Queensland University of Technology, 2002. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15871/.
Повний текст джерела