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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Babayev, Rafig, Arne Andersson, Albert Serra Dalmau, Hong G. Im, and Bengt Johansson. "Computational optimization of a hydrogen direct-injection compression-ignition engine for jet mixing dominated nonpremixed combustion." International Journal of Engine Research 23, no. 5 (December 15, 2021): 754–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680874211053556.

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Анотація:

Hydrogen (H2) nonpremixed combustion has been showcased as a potentially viable and preferable strategy for direct-injection compression-ignition (DICI) engines for its ability to deliver high heat release rates and low heat transfer losses, in addition to potentially zero CO2 emissions. However, this concept requires a different optimization strategy compared to conventional diesel engines, prioritizing a combustion mode dominated by free turbulent jet mixing. In the present work, this optimization strategy is realized and studied computationally using the CONVERGE CFD solver. It involves adopting wide piston bowl designs with shapes adapted to the H2 jets, altered injector umbrella angle, and an increased number of nozzle orifices with either smaller orifice diameter or reduced injection pressure to maintain constant injector flow rate capacity. This work shows that these modifications are effective at maximizing free-jet mixing, thus enabling more favorable heat release profiles, reducing wall heat transfer by 35%, and improving indicated efficiency by 2.2 percentage points. However, they also caused elevated incomplete combustion losses at low excess air ratios, which may be eliminated by implementing a moderate swirl, small post-injections, and further optimized jet momentum and piston design. Noise emissions with the optimized DICI H2 combustion are shown to be comparable to those from conventional diesel engines. Finally, it is demonstrated that modern engine concepts, such as the double compression-expansion engine, may achieve around 56% brake thermal efficiency with the DICI H2 combustion, which is 1.1 percentage point higher than with diesel fuel. Thus, this work contributes to the knowledge base required for future improvements in H2 engine efficiency.

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2

Arun, R., Muthe Srinivasa Rao, A. Prabu, and R. B. Anand. "Experimental Investigation on DICI Engine by Using Chemical and Nano Additives Blended Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1575.

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An Experimental investigation is conducted to establish the feasibility of using Jatropha biodiesel in Direct Injection Compression Ignition (DICI) engines. While the biodiesel has certain limitations and adverse in terms of poor performance and high level of pollutants in the exhaust of the gases, specified chemical (Propylene Glycol, C3H8O2) and nano(Al2O3) additives are used with Jatropha biodiesel. The experiments are conducted in two phases by using an experimental test rig, which consists of a DICI engine, electric loading device, data acquisition system, and AVL exhaust gas analyzers. In the first phases of experimentation, the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are analyzed by using neat diesel and Jatropha biodiesel and in the second phase of investigation, similar experiments are conducted by using chemical and nanoadditives blended biodiesel. The results of biodiesel are compared with those of neat diesel and it is seen that the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are inferior in the case of biodiesel when compared with neat diesel. However, the results revealed that the working characteristics could be improved by selecting of proper chemical and nanoadditives in right proportions.

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3

Rao, Muthe Srinivasa, and R. B. Anand. "Working Characteristics of a DICI Engine by Using Water Emulsion Biodiesel Fuels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1847.

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The present experimental investigation is carried out to establish the stability, compatibility and feasibility of working characteristics of DICI engine by using Jatropha biodiesel, Pongamia biodiesel and related water emulsion biodiesels. Experiments are carried out in two phases on a DICI engine test rig which includes CI engine, electric loading device, exhaust gas analysers, and a data-acquisition system. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are studied by using neat diesel, Jatropha and Pongamia biodiesel in the first phase, and similar experiments are conducted by water – biodiesel emulsion fuels in the second phase. The water–biodiesel emulsion fuels are prepared with the aid of a mechanical homogenizer in the proportion of 10% water, 88 % biodiesel, and 2 % surfactants (by volume). Sequentially, the stability characteristics of water–biodiesel emulsion fuels are analyzed. The results indicated that slight improvement in BTE and BSFC for water – biodiesel emulsion fuels compared to biodiesel fuels. The exhaust emissions of NOx and smoke opacity were decreased for the water biodiesel emulsion fuels as compared to respective neat biodiesel and neat diesel. CO & unburned HC emissions were slightly increased for the water biodiesel emulsion fuels compared to respective neat biodiesels and less than of neat diesel.

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4

Arumugam, Sozhi, Pitchandi Kasivisvanathan, M. Arventh, and P. Maheshkumar. "Effect of Re-Entrant and Toroidal Combustion Chambers in a DICI Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.722.

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This paper presents the experimental work to investigate the effect of Re-entrant and Toroidal combustion chambers in a DICI Engine. The two combustion chambers namely Re-entrant combustion chamber (RCC) and Toroidal combustion chamber (TCC) were fitted in a 4.4 kW single cylinder Direct Injection Compression Ignition (DICI) engine and tests were conducted with diesel. The influences of the combustion chamber geometry characteristics on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics have been investigated. This investigation shows the peak pressure of re-entrant chamber is higher than that of toroidal chamber. The heat release rate and brake thermal efficiency for re-entrant chamber are slightly higher than that of toroidal chamber. Specific fuel consumption is lower for toroidal chamber than that of re-entrant chamber. The enhancement in reduction of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon is observed for Re-entrant chamber compared to the Toroidal chamber. Oxides of nitrogen are reduced for toroidal chamber than that of re-entrant chamber.

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5

Krishna, B. Murali. "DICI Engine With Diesel and CNSL Biodiesel Fuel as a Biodegrade Substitute." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.287120.

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The most popularly used prime mover is compression ignition (CI) engine, which moves a large portion of the world’s good and majorly uses diesel as a fuel in turn leads ever increasing demand throughout the world wide. Also, one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution is diesel fuel. The resolving solution for this problem is use of renewable fuel i.e. Biodiesel. Biomass in the form of cashew nut shell (CNSL) represents a new energy source and abundant biodegradable source of energy in India. The Biodiesel made from CNSL and its blend with diesel are promising alternative fuel for diesel engine. This paper presents performance evolution results of single cylinder diesel engine with different loads were studied using Diesel and CNSL Biodiesel [with 5 to 30% proportion] blends. The results are compared with neat diesel operation and concluded that 25 % CNSL Biodiesel blend is the optimum.

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6

Srinivasa Rao, M., and R. B. Anand. "Production characterization and working characteristics in DICI engine of Pongamia biodiesel." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 121 (November 2015): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.031.

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7

Xu, Leilei, Xue-Song Bai, Changle Li, Per Tunestål, Martin Tunér, and Xingcai Lu. "Emission characteristics and engine performance of gasoline DICI engine in the transition from HCCI to PPC." Fuel 254 (October 2019): 115619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115619.

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8

Ra, Youngchul, Paul Loeper, Michael Andrie, Roger Krieger, David E. Foster, Rolf D. Reitz, and Russ Durrett. "Gasoline DICI Engine Operation in the LTC Regime Using Triple- Pulse Injection." SAE International Journal of Engines 5, no. 3 (April 16, 2012): 1109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1131.

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9

Parida, M. K., and A. K. Rout. "Combustion of Argemone mexicana biodiesel blends in a constant-volume DICI engine." Biofuels 10, no. 4 (June 7, 2017): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2017.1332295.

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10

Gnanamoorthi, V., and G. Devaradjane. "Multi-zone modeling effect on combustion on DICI engine using ethanol diesel blend." Applied Mathematical Sciences 9 (2015): 3381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2015.54324.

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11

Hu, Song, Hechun Wang, Xiaoxiao Niu, Xu Li, and Yinyan Wang. "Automatic calibration algorithm of 0-D combustion model applied to DICI diesel engine." Applied Thermal Engineering 130 (February 2018): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.013.

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12

Alagumalai, Avinash, Thangavel Mathimani, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, A. E. Atabani, Kathirvel Brindhadevi, and Nguyen Duc Canh. "Experimental insight into co-combustion characteristics of oxygenated biofuels in modified DICI engine." Fuel 278 (October 2020): 118303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118303.

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13

Arumugam, S., and K. Pitchandi. "Effect of Karuvel Methylester in a DICI Engine with Spherical and Toroidal Bowl Chamber." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 7, no. 3 (2017): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2017.00231.3.

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14

Ramakrishnan, C., P. K. Devan, and R. Karthikeyan. "Experimental study on the performance and emission characteristics of jojoba oil fueled DICI engine." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 36, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.12484.

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15

K. Parida, M., and I. Routaray. "RSM Analysis of In-cylinder Pressure in a DICI Engine Fueled with Argemone Mexicana Biodiesel-diesel Blends." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (September 22, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20003.

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Анотація:

In the current analysis engine load, compression ratio and bio-diesel blends are taken as input parameters to evaluate the combustion parameter i.e maximum in cylinder pressure with methyl esters of Argemone Mexicana and its diesel blends in a VCR multi-fuel engine. Response surface method of Full Factorial Design (FFD) is used in the present study for modelling and analyzing the combustion parameter with Minitab-14.0 software. The response surface and contour plots of different models are plotted by holding mean value of other input parameter. The developed model, data regression, significance analysis and individual model coefficients were studied and presented for model validation.

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16

Mani, Venkatraman, Gnanamoorthi Venkadesan, and Devaradjane Gopalakichenin. "Performance and emission study on DICI and HCCI engine using raw pongamia oil and diesel." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 4 (2016): 1169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci16s4169m.

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17

Mebin Samuel, P., G. Devaradjane, V. Gnanamoorthi, and M. Manimaran. "Improving the Working Characters of a Dici Engine Operated on Biofuel Blends Using Nano Additives." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2592.

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The increase in energy scarcity for all the vehicular needs with the increase in pollution leading to the environmental concerns especially in developing countries like India pushes the researchers towards finding a new source of energy with lesser emissions. This particular study was performed to improve the characteristics of 4 stroke, mono cylinder diesel engine by means of 20% and 40% mixtures of Jamun bio-diesel for two proportions of Rice husk Nano-additives (0.1% and 0.2%). Result illustrates that for J20 with 0.2% additive, Brake Thermal Efficiency reduces by 2.1% with Brake Specific Fuel Consumption increasing by 3.8%. In addition, emissions such as Hydro Carbon, Carbon monoxide and Smoke were reduced by 23.78%, 18.32%, 21.4% by a insignificant growth in oxides of Nitrogen by 11.32%. Result states J20 with 0.2% additive can be effectively used without any modifications and helps in reducing emissions with slight reduction in performance parameters.

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18

Warkhade, Ganesh, and Alur Babu. "Impact of supercharging and compression ratio on performance characteristics in a single cylinder DICI engine." International Journal of Heat and Technology 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.360323.

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19

Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, and Atul Dhar. "Experimental investigations of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Karanja oil blends fuelled DICI engine." Renewable Energy 52 (April 2013): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.10.015.

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20

C.N., Kowthaman, and Arul Mozhi Selvan V. "Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes from engine soot and its application as an additive in Schizochytrium biodiesel fuelled DICI engine." Energy Reports 6 (November 2020): 2126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.08.003.

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21

Billa, Kiran Kumar, G. R. K. Sastry, and Madhujit Deb. "ANFIS Model for Prediction of Performance-Emission Paradigm of a DICI Engine Fueled with the Blends of Fish Oil Methyl Ester, n-Pentanol and Diesel." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v17i1.15223.

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A precise, robust model for complex systems like IC Engines would be much beneficial because of environmental issues, fossil fuel depletion and accumulation of on-road vehicles. The present study depicts the compatibility of higher alcohols like n-pentanol that are produced in renewable ways as a promising blending additive with biodiesel fuels. Biodiesel prepared from the waste parts of the fishes is used to blend with petrodiesel. The methyl esters of fishoil biodiesel (MEFO) and n-pentanol are blended with petrodiesel at different proportions are tested on a four-stroke single cylinder DICI engine and results from witnesses the noble benefits of adding higher alcohols that are observed in both performance and as well as in emissions. The experimental paradigm is further fed to an artificial intelligent model to test the inherent predicting capability an Artificial Intelligent Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS). A sugeno network with brake power and percentage of biodiesel as input parameters and engine response paradigm such as BSFC, BTE, HC, CO and NOx as outputs are modelled and tested on a statistical platform. It was found that the proposed model is robust and efficient system identification tool to map the input-output response paradigm with high accuracy as the regression (R) values are ranging from 0.9967 to 0.9999, RMSE is ranging 0.000026 to 0.0000336 and MAPE is very low ranging from 0.0021 to 0.0028.

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22

Ruan, Jie, Helin Xiao, Xiaolong Yang, Fengyun Guo, Jiaqi Huang, and Hongling Ju. "Effects of injection timing on combustion performance and emissions in a diesel engine burning biodiesel blended with methanol." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191211202r.

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Currently, biodiesel has been received much attention from many researchers around the world due to its clean and renewable characteristics. In the present study, combustion and emissions characteristics have been studied on a modified four-cylinder, 4-stroke, water-cooled, DICI engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system fueled with methanol-biodiesel blends as well as pure biodiesel. The experiment was operated at a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm and injection timing from 2.5 to 22.5?CA BTDC. With the injection timing advanced peak in-cylinder pressure and maximum HRR(heat release rate)increased while combustion start points were advanced. Ignition delay was shorten first and then prolonged while BTE(brake thermal efficiency)was increased first and then decreased. With the injection timing in advance, NOX emissions increased, 1,3-butadiene and benzene emissions decreased while HC and acetaldehyde emissions decreased first and then increased, and soot emissions increased first and then decreased.

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23

Xu, Leilei, Xue-Song Bai, Changle Li, Per Tunestål, Martin Tunér, and Xingcai Lu. "Combustion characteristics of gasoline DICI engine in the transition from HCCI to PPC: Experiment and numerical analysis." Energy 185 (October 2019): 922–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.082.

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24

OGUMA, Mitsuharu, Tomoya MORI, Tadanori YANAI, Hideto KATO, Zhili CHEN, Mitsuru KONNO, and Shuichi KAJITANI. "1104 The effect of the smoke reduction on DICI engine operated with DME-gas oil blended fuel." Proceedings of Ibaraki District Conference 2000 (2000): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeibaraki.2000.299.

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25

Ravikrishnan, Ganesh Bharathi, and S. Venkatesan. "Influence of Strategies in Injection on Shrinking Greenhouse Gas Emission in DiCI Engine with Tamarindus indica Biodiesel." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012009.

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Abstract Transportation cost is stepping the world into bio-feedstocks to power the Direct Injection Compression Ignition (DiCI) engines. Biodiesel makes a better alternative to diesel. In this research, tamarind seed biodiesel (TSB), is mixed 20% with diesel, with the injection pressure (IP) and timings (IT) modifications examining the engine’s performance, combustion, and emission aspects. The experimented IPs were 180 bar and 240 bar. The ITs were experimented with at 19° bTDC and 27° bTDC respectively. Modifying the IT to 27° bTDC, elongates the combustion period as well as the heat release rate (HRR) of the experiments which increases the emission of NOx in both the IPs (180 and 240 bar) compared with the diesel. Increase in NOx emissions parallelly projected the unburnt hydrocarbon emissions. Although, injecting the fuel 19° bTDC, shrank NOx emission owing to reduced HRR and peak in-cylinder pressures. However, increase in the IP to 240 bar is the predominant factor for the decrease in the emission of NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons, because of the increased fuel viscosity for the TSB. Increased atomization enhances the chemical delay which on other hand decreases the carbon monoxide. Hence fuel injected, 19° bTDC performed better with the reduced GHG emissions.

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26

Jeong, Jaehoon, and Ocktaeck Lim. "A Study on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel-DME Blended Fuels Using Pilot Injection in DICI Engine." Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 22, no. 4 (May 1, 2014): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2014.22.4.055.

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27

Sharma, Vikas, Ganesh Duraisamy, and Kanagaraj Arumugum. "Impact of bio-mix fuel on performance, emission and combustion characteristics in a single cylinder DICI VCR engine." Renewable Energy 146 (February 2020): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.142.

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28

Srinivasa Rao, M., and R. B. Anand. "Performance and emission characteristics improvement studies on a biodiesel fuelled DICI engine using water and AlO(OH) nanoparticles." Applied Thermal Engineering 98 (April 2016): 636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.090.

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29

Muthukumar, K., and G. Kasiraman. "Downcycling of one-time used plastic waste to DICI engine combustion energy through pyrolysis with less NOx emission." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 175 (July 2023): 744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.05.097.

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30

Xu, Changchun, Md Abul Kalam, and HaengMuk Cho. "The Study on the Effect of the Piston Shapes through Biodiesel Mixture Combustion in Diesel Engine." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185303022.

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Анотація:

In this work, we studied the combustion characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine. Diesel uses different cylinder geometry and different injection rate shapes. We can change the piston surface to compare turbulent flow energy and eddy viscosity. So we use three geometric piston bowls for comparison. The geometry is set to a single circle, a double circle and a flat bottom so that the engine combustion characteristics can be improved and the exhaust emissions can be reduced. Therefore, we can find through simulation that a double circular geometry piston with a better geometry has the highest turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and this results in two peak heat releases with a main peak heat release during premixed combustion. And secondary peak heat release occurs during the mixed controlled combustion phase. This article adopts this geometry. The air-biofuel mixture can be squeezed in two wheels because better vortexing can squeeze the mixture better to improve the mixture. Therefore, this article will examine the bowl-shaped geometries that produce high-KTE and low-viscosity fuels, single-circle geometries, double-circular geometries, and flat base geometries. In general, we can increase the air/fuel ratio by changing the geometry to reduce exhaust emissions.

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31

Sundararajan, Karthikayan, Ganesan Subbiah, and Sankaranarayanan Gomathinayakam. "Emission estimation of neat paradise tree oil combustion assisted with superheated hydrogen in a 4-stroke natural aspirated DICI engine." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 4 (2016): 1137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci16s4137s.

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32

Mishra, S. R., M. K. Mohanty, N. Panigrahi, and A. K. Pattanaik. "Impact of Simarouba glauca biodiesel blends as a fuel on the performance and emission analysis in an unmodified DICI engine." Renewable Energy Focus 26 (September 2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2018.05.002.

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33

Sathiyamoorthi, R., and G. Sankaranarayanan. "Effect of antioxidant additives on the performance and emission characteristics of a DICI engine using neat lemongrass oil–diesel blend." Fuel 174 (June 2016): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.076.

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34

Cai, Kaiyuan, Boyuan Wang, Ziqing Zhao, Shijin Shuai, Xin He, Yu Zhang, Xingyu Sun, and Zhi Wang. "Effects of low-carbon high-reactivity fuels on combustion and emission characteristics in a part-load condition of a DICI engine." Fuel 310 (February 2022): 122425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122425.

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35

Kowthaman, C. N., and V. Arul Mozhi Selvan. "Influence of surfactants on quaternary emulsion blend and experimental investigations on the influence of hydrogen enriched quaternary blend in DICI engine." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 42 (August 2020): 22349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.07.248.

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36

Dhar, Atul, Roblet Kevin, and Avinash Kumar Agarwal. "Production of biodiesel from high-FFA neem oil and its performance, emission and combustion characterization in a single cylinder DICI engine." Fuel Processing Technology 97 (May 2012): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.01.012.

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37

Suhel, Ameer, Norwazan Abdul Rahim, Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman, and Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad. "Engine's behaviour on magnetite nanoparticles as additive and hydrogen addition of chicken fat methyl ester fuelled DICI engine: A dual fuel approach." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 27 (April 2021): 14824–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.219.

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38

Parida, M. K., and A. K. Rout. "Investigation of performance and emission analysis of Argemone mexicana biodiesel blends as a fuel in a DICI engine at part load conditions." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 39, no. 6 (March 8, 2017): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2016.1252812.

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39

Örs, I., S. Sarıkoç, A. E. Atabani, S. Ünalan, and S. O. Akansu. "The effects on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of DICI engine fuelled with TiO2 nanoparticles addition in diesel/biodiesel/n-butanol blends." Fuel 234 (December 2018): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.07.024.

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40

Sayyed, Siraj, Randip Kumar Das, and Kishor Kulkarni. "Experimental investigation for evaluating the performance and emission characteristics of DICI engine fueled with dual biodiesel-diesel blends of Jatropha, Karanja, Mahua, and Neem." Energy 238 (January 2022): 121787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121787.

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41

Karisathan Sundararajan, Narayanan, and Anand Ramachandran Bhagavathi Ammal. "Improvement studies on emission and combustion characteristics of DICI engine fuelled with colloidal emulsion of diesel distillate of plastic oil, TiO2 nanoparticles and water." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 12 (February 10, 2018): 11595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1380-0.

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42

Rai, Ranjeet Kumar, and Rashmi Rekha Sahoo. "Experimental energetic and exergetic analysis with the novel emulsion fuels incorporating CNT and Al_{2O_{3 nano additive for DICI engine}}." International Journal of Exergy 34, no. 4 (2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2021.114096.

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43

Rai, Ranjeet Kumar, and Rashmi Rekha Sahoo. "Experimental energetic and exergetic analysis with the novel emulsion fuels incorporating CNT and Al_{2O_{3 nano additive for DICI engine}}." International Journal of Exergy 34, no. 4 (2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2021.10036852.

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44

Sharma, Vikas, and Ganesh Duraisamy. "Production and characterization of bio-mix fuel produced from the mixture of raw oil feedstock, and its effects on performance and emission analysis in DICI diesel engine." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 16 (April 16, 2019): 16742–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04958-w.

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45

Brzus, Michal, Kevin Knoernschild, Jessica C. Sieren, and Hans J. Johnson. "PigSNIPE: Scalable Neuroimaging Processing Engine for Minipig MRI." Algorithms 16, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16020116.

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Анотація:

Translation of basic animal research to find effective methods of diagnosing and treating human neurological disorders requires parallel analysis infrastructures. Small animals such as mice provide exploratory animal disease models. However, many interventions developed using small animal models fail to translate to human use due to physical or biological differences. Recently, large-animal minipigs have emerged in neuroscience due to both their brain similarity and economic advantages. Medical image processing is a crucial part of research, as it allows researchers to monitor their experiments and understand disease development. By pairing four reinforcement learning models and five deep learning UNet segmentation models with existing algorithms, we developed PigSNIPE, a pipeline for the automated handling, processing, and analyzing of large-scale data sets of minipig MR images. PigSNIPE allows for image registration, AC-PC alignment, detection of 19 anatomical landmarks, skull stripping, brainmask and intracranial volume segmentation (DICE 0.98), tissue segmentation (DICE 0.82), and caudate-putamen brain segmentation (DICE 0.8) in under two minutes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first automated pipeline tool aimed at large animal images, which can significantly reduce the time and resources needed for analyzing minipig neuroimages.

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46

Kawahara, Nobuyuki, Eiji Tomita, Daisuke Kasahara, and Mamoru Sumida. "Liquid Sheet Break-up of High-Pressure Swirl Injector for DISI Engine(Spray Technologies, Atomization)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.279.

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47

Li, Tie, Keiya Nishida, Yuyin Zhang, Tuyoshi Onoe, and Hiroyuki Hiroyasu. "Enhancement of Stratified Charge for DISI Engines through Split Injection : Effect and Its Mechanism(S.I. Engines, Stratified-Charge Combustion)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.521.

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Hendriyani, Mungky, Agung Dharma Saputra, and Febrianto Herlambang. "PENGARUH UNREAL ENGINE DALAM PERKEMBANGAN DUNIA GAME." JEIS: JURNAL ELEKTRO DAN INFORMATIKA SWADHARMA 2, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56486/jeis.vol2no2.226.

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The development of games industries today is speedy and has become more modern. The game company must develop their game to the next level, for example not long-ago Epic Games company release their new engine. The engine used for making the game can be used for 3D modeling as well. Unreal Engine 5 provided terrific graphics and more features than an older version of Unreal Engine. Epic Games company provided their engine free for all or open-source which can be used by anyone for free. Unreal Engine can be more useful for the game developer or 3D modeling. Without a doubt that Unreal Engine 5 by Epic Games can bring a new era to the game. A lot of developer wants to create a more powerful engine than Unreal Engine 5 but for now, there is no new engine that can beat Unreal Engine 5. For example, Frostbite engine by DICE adds more updates to catch up with Unreal Engine 5

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Tornatore, C., A. rimescu, L. Marchitto, S. S. Merola, and G. Valentino. "Combustion Process Analysis in a DISI Engine Fuelled with N-Butanol through UV-VIS Emission Spectroscopy." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 3 (June 2015): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2015.v7.799.

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Yurlov, A. S., O. P. Lopatin, V. A. Likhanov, V. V. Belov, and A. V. Stepanov. "Modeling of soot formation in a tractor diesel engine running on methanol and methyl ether of rapeseed oil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 032051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/3/032051.

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Abstract When studying the process of formation of soot nuclei in a flame, it is necessary to pay attention to the sequence of chemical transformations of fuel molecules in order to determine the concentration of dangerous toxic components in the exhaust gases (EG) of a diesel internal combustion engine (DICE). Today, numerous studies are being conducted to establish a detailed kinetic mechanism of the process of carbon condensation and gasification in a DICE. Despite significant progress in understanding the essence and some regularities of the processes occurring in a DICE, it is not yet possible to compile a numerical model that can predict the main indicators of soot content. A semi-empirical mathematical model of soot formation and burnout in a DICE is presented, compiled on the basis of a kinetic model that reliably predicts the dynamics of soot content in the cylinder and the concentration of soot in the EG in a wide range of operating modes of a DICE. The model makes it possible to facilitate the process of studying the factors of soot formation and reduce the cost of conducting experimental studies related to the search for alternative fuels and improving the design of a DICE, optimizing the operation of fuel supply and gas distribution systems.

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