Дисертації з теми "Dichalcogénures de métaux de transitions"
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Koperski, Maciej. "Propriétés optiques des couches minces de dichalcogénures de métaux de transition." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe research reported in the thesis entitled ‘Optical properties of thin layers of transition metal dichalcogenides’ focuses on physical phenomena which emerge in the limit of two-dimensional (2D) miniaturisation when the thickness of fabricated films reaches an atomic scale. The importance of such man-made structures has been revealed by the dynamic research on graphene: a single atomic plane of carbon atoms arranged in honeycomb lattice. Graphene is intrinsically gapless and therefore mainly explored with respect to its electric properties. The investigation of semiconducting materials which can also display the hexagonal crustal structure and which can be thinned down to individual layers, bridges the concepts characteristic of graphene-like systems (K-valley physics) with more conventional properties of semiconductors. This has been indeed demonstrated in a number of recent studies of ultra-thin films of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (sc-TMD). Particularly appealing, from the point of view of optical studies, is a transformation of the bandgap alignment of sc-TMD films, from the indirect bandgap bulk crystals to the direct bandgap system in single layers. The presented thesis work provides a comprehensive optical characterisation of thin structures of sc-TMD crystals. The manuscript is divided into five parts: three main chapters with a preceding introduction and the appendix reporting the supplementary studies of another layered material: hexagonal boron nitride.Introduction. The fundamental properties of the investigated crystals are presented, especially those which are important from the point of view of optical studies. The discussion includes information on the crystal structure, Brillouin zone and electronic band structure. Also, the general description of the samples’ preparation process and experimental set-up is provided.Chapter 1. Basic optical characterisation of excitonic resonances in mono- and multi-layers of sc-TMDs. The optical response, as seen in the reflectance and luminescence spectra of thin sc-TMDs is analysed (mostly for MoSe2 and WSe2 materials). The impact of the number of layers and temperature on the optical resonances is studied and interpreted in details. The complementary time-resolved study is also presented.Chapter 2. Zeeman spectroscopy of excitonic resonances in magnetic fields. The evolution of the optical resonances in an external magnetic field, applied perpendicularly to the layers of sc-TMD materials is investigated. Based on these results, a phenomenological model is developed aiming to describe the linear with magnetic field contributions to the energy of individual electronic states in fundamental sub-bands of sc-TMD monolayers. Furthermore, the effects of optical pumping are investigated in WSe2 monolayers, which can be tuned by tiny magnetic fields.Chapter 3. Single photon sources in thin sc-TMD flakes. The discovery of localised narrow lines emitting centres has been in thin sc-TMD flakes is presented. An investigation of their fundamental properties is discussed. This includes the measurements of temperature and magnetic field evolution of the photoluminescence lines, and the analysis of the polarisation properties and the excitation spectra as well as photon correlation measurements.Appendix A. Single photon emitters in boron nitride crystals. Hexagonal boron nitride also belongs to the family of layered materials, but it exhibits much larger band gap than semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. A narrow lines emitting centres has been observed in boron nitride structures, which reveal multiple similarities to defect centres in wide gap materials. They are characterised in a similar manner as the emitting centres in WSe2
Nguyen, Van Dung. "Dichalcogénures de métaux de transition : défauts ponctuels et jonctions étudiés par DFT et STM." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY083.
Повний текст джерелаPark, Jejune. "Simulation quantique du transport électronique dans les dichalcogénures de métaux de transition bidimensionnels désordonnés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT008.
Повний текст джерелаThe discovery of graphene in 2004 has inspired a great interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials. In recent years, semiconducting 2D materials, in particular, are in the limelight for their potential use in electronics and optoelectronics. From the perspective of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, their atomic thickness allows an enhanced electrostatic control and their self-passivated surface reduces the potential presence of charge traps. Most importantly, the presence of a bandgap, contrary to graphene, facilitates a high on/off ratio in logic devices. Among these semiconducting materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), with their large variety of band alignments and bandgaps, have attracted great attention for their possible use in transistors, both as monolayer materials or combined in van der Waals heterostructures. For such applications, the TMD quality is a priority, since the presence of defects might significantly affect electron transport thus leading to performance degradation.The present thesis reports on the impact of various defects, which are often observed in experimental samples, on the transport properties of TMDs. The study is based on quantum transport simulations, which combine an atomistic tight-binding description of the system and the Green’s function formalism.The first part of the thesis briefly introduces 2D materials, including their properties, synthesis, and applications. The basics of the simulation approach are also detailed. In particular, a thorough review of model Hamiltonians for TMDs, with a specific focus on tight-binding models, is presented. Moreover, the Green’s function formalism, which is the methodology adopted for the quantum transport simulations performed in the present thesis, is briefly reviewed.In the second part of the thesis, two types of typical TMD defects are simulated, and the results physically interpreted.The first study concerns edge roughness in MoS2 ribbons, which play an important role in the miniaturization of TMD-based transistors. The second study focuses on twin grain boundaries, which are often present in polycrystalline MoS2 obtained by large-scaling synthesis approaches, as chemical vapor deposition or molecular beam epitaxy. The role of spin-orbit coupling, which is significantly large in TMDs, is also taken into account. The results of these studies are quantitatively analyzed in terms of quasi-ballistic, diffusive, and localized transport regimes.The main outcome of this thesis is a better understanding and prediction of the impact of defects on the transport properties of TMDs, with possible applications in the design of performant TMD-based devices
Duphil, Dominique. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules de fullerènes de dichalcogénures de métaux de transition MX2 (où M=Mo, W ; X=S, Se)." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002113970204611&vid=upec.
Повний текст джерелаThree synthetic methods for the formation of MX2 (M=Mo, W ; X=S, Se) nanoparticles have been developed. The first is based on the reaction of M(CO)6 and X in p-xylene under refluxing conditions. A powder of amorphous nanoparticles is obtained, and crystallises after annealing at 550°C. The sulphides have a spaghetti-like morphology, with van der Waals planes curved and in every direction; selenides crystallise as nanoplatelets with straight. Aligned sheets. The second method uses a system consisting of two non-miscible solvents : DMSO and nonanethiol. After annealing, MoS2 fullerene-like nanoparticles are obtained. The third method is spray pyrolysis. MS4(NH4)2 bas been dissolved in water or ethanol, and then sprayed at 750 or 900°C in a furnace. Particles obtained from water solutions are spherical and crystallised. Fullerene-like MoS2 is obtained from ethanol, whereas the WS2 forms a new type of rectangular fullerene-like particles (‘bucky boxes”)
Cadot, Stéphane. "Élaboration de monocouches de dichalcogénures de métaux de transition du groupe (VI) par chimie organométallique de surface." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1075/document.
Повний текст джерелаMoS2, a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) possessing a mica-like layered structure, has been widely used over the past century as solid lubricant and hydrotreating catalyst. Since 2010, the discovery of new semiconducting (direct gap) and photoluminescence properties emerging in monolayer MoS2 has attracted much interest, with a wide range of potentialities for next-generation electronics or energy storage devices. Beyond MoS2, this discovery also concerns other TMDs (WS2, NbS2, MoSe2, WSe2,…), displaying a wide variety of electronic and optical properties, and whose combination with other 2D materials (graphene, BN,…) offers outstanding opportunities. While exfoliated materials have provided a convenient way to demonstrate the feasibility of proof-of-concept-devices, the development of reliable synthesis methods allowing the industrial production of monolayer TMDs has now to be investigated.In this booming research field, currently dominated by high-temperature CVD processes which are time-consuming and often require the use of epitaxial substrates, we investigated the potentiality of a low-temperature chemical vapor deposition approach on amorphous SiO2 substrates. This work allowed us to identify suitable precursors for the CVD or ALD of ultrathin amorphous molybdenum or tungsten sulfide deposits below 250°C, and to point out their ability to self-reorganize into crystalline MoS2 and WS2 monolayers upon thermal annealing
Marcon, Paul. "Calcul ab-initio des propriétés physiques d'hétérostructures associant des matériaux ferromagnétiques à anisotropie magnétique perpendiculaire et des dichalcogénures de métaux de transition." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30273.
Повний текст джерелаThe ability to synthesize heterostructures made up of 2D materials provides significant opportunities for improving current spintronic components or developing new devices. Thus, the control and deep understanding of the physical properties of these systems become a critical technological challenge. During this thesis, we examined heterostructures composed of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers and ferromagnetic crystals exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, using ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). We focus on three main goals: (i) understanding how to use magnetic proximity to lift valley degeneracy and quantify the valley Zeeman effect; (ii) assessing the possibility of injecting spin-polarized electron gas into specific valleys of the TMDC sheet; (iii) investigating the impact of proximity on spin-orbit coupling in the TMDC sheet and on the Rashba and Dresselhaus phenomena in these systems. We first studied multilayers with an electrode made up of a metal and a non-2D insulating barrier. In the Fe/MgO/MoS2 system, we computed that a spontaneous electron transfer occurs from the Fe layer to the MoS2 monolayer, leading to the formation of a non-spin-polarized electron gas. We established a model explaining the competition between Rashba and Dresselhaus-type spin-orbit effects and magnetic proximity effect on the MoS2 valence bands: This model allowed us to show that proximity effect predominate for thin MgO (<0.42 nm) and tend to disappear in favor of spin-orbit effects for thicker layers (> 1.06 nm). We predicted that stronger spin-orbit effects can be achieved by replacing the Fe electrode with a non-magnetic V electrode. To boost the magnetic proximity effects, we finally decided to study [Co1Ni2]n/h-BN/WSe2 heterostructures, in which [Co1Ni2]n is a superlattice with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and h-BN is a two-dimensional insulator. For this system, we predict that it could be possible to have a spin polarization of the valleys at the K and K' points. Ultimately, we explored the unique properties of the van der Waals heterostructure Graphene/CrI3/WSe2, where the magnetic electrode is also replaced by 2D materials
Sant, Roberto. "Exploration par rayonnement synchrotron X de la croissance et de la structure de dichalcogénures 2D." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY075.
Повний текст джерелаTwo-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising materials for a variety of applications, especially in optoelectronics. However, the lack of understanding of their epitaxy - i.e. growth mechanism, microscopic structure, nature of the 2D layer-substrate interaction, etc. - is still a crucial issue to address. In this PhD thesis we explored a series of epitaxial growths of monolayer and thin film TMDCs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a variety of substrates. We studied their atomic structures and we attempted the modifications of some of them with various in situ methods. Several systems and processes have been investigated: (i) transition metal ditellurides, ZrTe2 , MoTe2 and TiTe2 on InAs(111) substrate, (ii) the intercalation of alkali metal species between single layer MoS2 and its Au(111) substrate, (iii) the growth and the thermal treatments in H2S atmosphere of monolayer PtSe2 on Pt(111). Our work relies on both phenomenological and quantitative methods based on surface X-ray diffraction, often complemented by parallel analysis performed with other probes, e.g. STM, TEM, XPS, ARPES. Most notably, we found that: (i) a metastable orthorhombic phase and a charge density wave phase can be stabilized at room temperature in MoTe2 and TiTe2 owing to the epitaxial strain in the materials; (ii) the intercalation of Cs atoms under MoS2 induces structural and electronic decoupling of the 2D MoS2 layer from its Au(111) substrate; (iii) the sulfurization of PtSe2 promotes the Se-by-S substitution in one (or both) of its two chalcogen layers, leading either to the full conversion of the selenide into a sulfide or even to an ordered Janus alloy
Sortais-Soulard, Céline. "Équilibres oxydo-réducteurs dans les dichalcogénures de platine et de palladium : influence de la pression sur la redistribution du nuage électronique." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007453.
Повний текст джерелаBouet, Louis. "Valley dynamics and excitonic properties in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0033/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe possibility of isolating transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers by simple experimental means has been demonstrated in 2005, by the same technique used for graphene. This has sparked extremely diverse and active research by material scientists, physicists and chemists on these perfectly two-dimensional (2D) materials. Their physical properties inmonolayer formare appealing both fromthe point of view of fundamental science and for potential applications. Transition metal dichalcogenidemonolayers such asMoS2 have a direct optical bandgap in the visible and show strong absorption of the order of 10% per monolayer. For transistors based on single atomic layers, the presence of a gap allows to obtain high on/off ratios.In addition to potential applications in electronics and opto-electronics these 2D materials allow manipulating a new degree of freedom of electrons, in addition to the spin and the charge : Inversion symmetry breaking in addition to the strong spin-orbit coupling result in very original optical selection rules. The direct bandgap is situated at two non-equivalent valleys in k-space, K+ and K−. Using a specific laser polarization, carriers can be initialized either in the K+ or K− valley, allowing manipulating the valley index of the electronic states. This opens up an emerging research field termed "valleytronics". The present manuscript contains a set of experiments allowing understanding and characterizing the optoelectronic properties of these new materials. The first chapter is dedicated to the presentation of the scientific context. The original optical and electronic properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are demonstrated using a simple theoreticalmodel. The second chapter presents details of the samples and the experimental setup. Chapters 3 to 6 present details of the experiments carried out and the results obtained. We verify experimentally the optical selection rules. We identify the different emission peaks in the monolayer materials MoS2, WSe2 and MoSe2. In time resolved photoluminescence measurements we study the dynamics of photo-generated carriersand their polarization. An important part of this study is dedicated to experimental investigations of the properties of excitons, Coulomb bound electron-hole pairs. In the final experimental chapter, magneto-Photoluminescence allows us to probe the electronic band structure and to lift the valley degeneracy
Froehlicher, Guillaume. "Optical spectroscopy of two-dimensional materials : graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and van der Waals heterostructures." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE033/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this project, we have used micro-Raman and micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy to study two-dimensional materials (graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides) and van der Waals heterostructures. First, using electrochemically-gated graphene transistors, we show that Raman spectroscopy is an extremely sensitive tool for advanced characteri-zations of graphene samples. Then, we investigate the evolution of the physical properties of N-layer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, in particular molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2). In these layered structures, theDavydov splitting of zone-center optical phonons is observed and remarkably well described by a ‘textbook’ force constant model. We then describe an all-optical study of interlayer charge and energy transfer in van der Waals heterostructures made of graphene and MoSe2 monolayers. This work sheds light on the very rich photophysics of these atomically thin two-dimensional materials and on their potential in view of optoelectronic applications
Chaimbault, Fabrice. "Mise en évidence de transitions de rigidité dans les silicates d'alcalins." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2037.
Повний текст джерелаTamditi, Abdel Ilah. "Mise au point d'un dispositif d'EXAFS de laboratoire. Applications aux métaux de transitions." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20196.
Повний текст джерелаRaczkowski, Marcin. "Propriétés des phases zébrées d'oxydes de métaux de transition [en anglais]." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2012.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Nan. "Propriétés électroniques de MoS2 / MoSe2van der Waals heterostructures." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAT0017.
Повний текст джерелаIn my thesis, I concluded results of my three years investigation of the optical properties of MoSe2/MoS2 transition metal dichalcogenides heterostructures. Thesis starts with the general overview of the properties of transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers and their heterostucers. This is followed by the detailed description experimental techniques which wear used to characterize photoresponse of heterostructures and their preparation. Next three paragraphs are devoted to the rustles of my investigations:In chapter 3 the impact of characteristic for transition metal dichalcogenides effect photodoping on the interlayer exciton emission properties is presented. The photodoping isidentified by the increasing (upon illumination) trion dissociation energy, accompanied by a characteristic change of the exciton/trion photoluminescence intensity ratioin MoSe2. At the same time, I observe decreasing photoluminescence intensity of the interlayer exciton. In the same time the combined PL intensity of the exciton and the trion in MoSe2 is enhanced, showing that the interlayer charge transfer can be controlled by the doping level. This observed effect is persistent on a timescale of several hours, as long as the sample is maintained under vacuum. This indicate a mechanism involving laser induced desorption of molecules physisorbed on the surface of the heterostructure. I support this hypothesis by revealed sensitivity of the photodoping rate on the excitation wavelength. The process of photodoping occurs much faster for higher energy photons.In chapter 4 I present result of the impact of moiré pattern on the intralayer exciton spectrum in MoS2/MoSe2 heterostructure. The moiré pattern formation is a phenomenon characteristic for van der Waals stacks where due to the weak interlayer interaction the ingredient layers preserve their own lattice parameters. Therefore due to small twist angle or of lattice mismatch between the monolayers periodic spatially varying potential is induced. This potential can have nontrivial impact on the optical properties of both intra- and interlayer excitons of transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Here, I show experimental evidences of the moiré pattern impact on intralayer emission in a MoSe2/MoS2 heterobilayer encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. The periodic in-plane potential results in a splitting of the MoSe2 exciton and trion in emission and (for the exciton) absorption spectra. The observed energy difference between the split peaks is fully consistent with theoretical predictions. Moreover this chapter contain detailed description how the relative orientation of the flakes in such heterostructure can be revealed by second harmonic generation spectroscopy.Chapter 5 contains result of the initial studies about the impact of sample quality and possibility to generate valley polarization by the magnetic field. In this studies three type of structures are compared namely CVD grown and h-BN encapsulated MoSe2, together with MoSe2/MoS2 heterostructure. In addition I found that the formation of moire pattern has negligible impact on the Lande g-factor on intralayer excitonic transition
Ferté, Tom. "Dynamique ultrarapide de l'aimantation dans les alliages de métaux de transitions et de terres rares." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE018/document.
Повний текст джерелаMy PhD work describes the pico and femtosecond magnetization dynamics using the time structure of X-rays. I studied the ultrafast demagnetization of thin films (~ 20 nm) for various transitions metals (TM) - rare earths (RE) alloys. My studies have been performed by using two experimental techniques which are sensitive to the magnetization and which are time resolved: tr-XMCD and tr-MCDAD. These two experimental techniques also show chemical selectivity allowing to distinguish the TM and RE dynamics. They are both based on pump-probe experiments which were used at the SOLEIL and BESSY II synchrotrons
Lassri, Hassan. "Elaboration et études des propriétés magnétiques des rubans amorphes métaux de transitions-terres rares-métalloïdes." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES001.
Повний текст джерелаTakhtoukh, Aziza. "Contribution à l'étude d'alliages de métaux simples à seuil de démixtion par la méthode des pseudopotentiels : cas du lithium-sodium et de l'aluminium-indium." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ023S/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne studies the possibility of describing transitions from liquid phase - liquid in simple metal alloys presenting a threshold of decomposition starting from the theory from the pseudopotentials and the associated effective potentials. More precisely, one considers on the one hand, of the pseudopotentials to conservative standard without adjustable parameters and, on the other hand, various local models with one or two parameters, with for objective establishing the chain of relations: pseudopotentiel3potentiel effectif3structure+dCmixtion in alloy. From this point of view, the relevant sizes necessary to the study of decomposition are, in general, the factors of structure partial of alloys, and, in particular, the factor of structure of fluctuation concentration-concentration Scc(q) of Bhatia-Thornton. Indeed the divergence of this size, close to the origin of the module of the vector of diffusion (q = 0), signature of an instability spinodal, is more easily verifiable in experiments than on the other factors. Thus by this approach, the localization of the line spinodal according to the concentration of the species was made possible. Initially, the development in disturbance "RPA" of the model of the hard spheres to highlight a divergence of the factors of structure was employed, because of its simplicity and its speed of numerical execution. Systematic was applied to the cases of the alloys Li-Na, AI-In known for their broad zone of decomposition. The validity of the qualitative conclusions obtained starting from the "RPA" was then checked by a rigorous determination of the factors of structure per digital simulation of the molecular dynamic type. The aptitude of the various models of pseudopotentials to predict decomposition could be thus discussed
Mouafo, Notemgnou Louis Donald. "Two dimensional materials, nanoparticles and their heterostructures for nanoelectronics and spintronics." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates the charge and spin transport processes in 0D, 2D nanostructures and 2D-0D Van der Waals heterostructures (VdWh). The La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 perovskite nanocrystals reveal exceptional magnetoresistances (MR) at low temperature driven by their paramagnetic shell magnetization independently of their ferromagnetic core. A detailed study of MoSe2 field effect transistors enables to elucidate a complete map of the charge injection mechanisms at the metal/MoSe2 interface. An alternative approach is reported for fabricating 2D-0D VdWh suitable for single electron electronics involving the growth of self-assembled Al nanoclusters over the graphene and MoS2 surfaces. The transparency the 2D materials to the vertical electric field enables efficient modulation of the electric state of the supported Al clusters resulting to single electron logic functionalities. The devices consisting of graphene exhibit MR attributed to the magneto-Coulomb effect
Benjeddou, Chérif. "Etude des temps de déclin des luminescences dues aux ions de transitions 3d dans les composes semiconducteurs III-V." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19033.
Повний текст джерелаHafsi, Saïd. "Étude structurale par spectroscopies moléculaires de quelques hexafluoroscandates d'éléments monovalents." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10037.
Повний текст джерелаTran, Lâm Quang. "Développement de nouvelles réactions dominos catalysées par les métaux de transition impliquant une étape de fonctionnalisation C-H." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS173.
Повний текст джерелаThe direct functionalization of C-H bonds experiencing exponential growth for the past decade. Catalyzed by transition metals, these changes offer an advantage in terms of "green chemistry" and since they allow diversity to overcome the pre-functionalization of the bond to be modified and thus work from simple precursors. Associated with domino process, these reactions often provide efficient access to many heterocycles. It is in this context that fit my thesis work consisting of the development of domino reactions catalyzed by transition metals to design nitrogen heterocycles. We have developed a method which, by choosing wisely precursors, allow a cyclization, catalyzed copper still, giving access to benzimidazole compounds or quinazoline by functionalization C-H. Finally, by integrating the presence of a nitrile function in the multi-component copper catalyzed reaction, we develop an alternative post-cyclization to lead to the formation of quinazolin-2,4-diamine, dihydro-2-amine or benzimidazoquinazoline. In this approach the methodology allows the formation up to 4 chemical bonds through the use of a single catalyst. We have therefore developed a multi-component reaction to access differents structures from a simple methodology, economic cost
Dubos, Pierre-Antoine. "Influence de la température et du trajet de chargement sur les transitions volume/surface des métaux cubiques à faces centrées." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2085.
Повний текст джерелаThe mechanical behavior of high purity polycrystalline copper and nickel is investigated with mechanical tests for different numbers of grains across the thickness. The characterization of size effects is performed on samples with constant thickness (t = 500 µm) and various grain sizes d. Firstly, the different microstructures are characterized by EBSD. Secondly, the strain path influence on size effects is investigated at room temperature with tensile and Nakazima tests. If the t/d ratio is reduced below a critical value, the mechanical behavior shows a strong softening. This modification appears from a critical plastic strain level which is strongly dependent of the loading. Thirdly, to understand if the behavior modification can be reduced by microforming at temperature, the mechanical behavior is studied in tension at temperature ranging between -70 °C and 200 °C. For each temperature, grain size effect is studied with the Hall-Petch law and the work-hardening modification by Mecking-Kocks formalism. This formalism analysis associated with observations of dislocation structures by TEM and numerical simulation allow to discuss on the origin of the polycrystal/multicrystal transition, with the implementation of surface effects. The comparison between copper and nickel leads the discussion on the stacking fault energy influence on the strain mechanisms
Simon, Cedric. "Réactivité des cycles tendus du silicium vis-à-vis des métaux de transitions : un accès rapide à des drogues silylées polycycliques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066465/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work deals with the development of the first synthesis of the 10-silasteroids scaffold, using a cascade [2+2+2] cycloaddition/ring expansion. An overview of silicon chemistry and its use as a carbon bioisoster in medicinal chemistry is covered, followed by a description of the literature on ring expansion. Then, we will explain our strategy and its three main challenges will be discussed in the following chapters. The first one is the preparation of polyunsaturated silanes wich is capable of performing our cascade reaction. For this purpose, the silicon atom must have four different substituents. To reach this goal, three synthesis were developed in order to gradually increase the preparation of the silanes. The second challenge is the access to benzosilacyclobutenes by a [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction, this reaction being the first step of our cascade reaction. It was done using NbCl3.DME catalysis, allowing the formation of highly functionalized benzosilacyclobutenes in high yields. This new synthesis is more efficient than the previously described literature synthesis, in means of yields, substrat functionnalizations, and mild reaction condition. The third challenge is the control of the regioselectivity of the ring expansion of the benzosilacyclobutenes. This regioselectivity mainly depends on the metal used. For exemple, the use of CpCo(CO)2 catalyst gives to the linear silapolycycle. Whereas, RhCl(PPh3)3 catalysis yields to the desired angular silapolycycle, containing the silicon atom at the ring junction, leading to the first synthesis of the 10-silasteroids scaffolds
Nouadji, Malika. "Effet des oxydes alcalino-terreux et les métaux de transitions sur les propriétés physiques des verres d’oxydes basés sur Sb₂O₃." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S081.
Повний текст джерелаRecent studies are made on the oxide glasses based on antimony and our aim is to study the effect of alkaline earth oxides and transition metals on the physical properties of glasses bases Sb₂O₃. First, the glass composition ranges were established for various binary system and for ternary systems Sb₂O₃- BaO-MO (M = Zn, Cd, Mn) and Sb₂O₃ PbO-M’O (M’ = Zn, Mn, Cd, Ba). The glassy nature of the samples was confirmed by microscopic observation and calorimetric analysis highlighting the phenomenon of glass transition. The characteristic temperatures were measured for a large number of samples. These include, besides the glass transition, the beginning of crystallization, and crystallization and thus formed. The evolution of these temperatures with composition was conducted along lines selected in the ternary diagram. Moreover, the stability factors calculated from these temperatures have helped to define the compositions of the most stable vis-à-vis the devitrification. Then the study focuses on the study of physical and optical properties of glasses belonging to the ternary system Sb₂O₃-PbO-MnO by defining two composition laws of general formula (80-x)- Sb₂O₃ -20PbO-x MnO and (70 -x) Sb₂O₃-(30-x) PbO-2xMno. This study determined the influence of manganese content on the glass transition temperature, the thermal expansion coefficient, Vickers micro hardness and Young's modulus, the refractive index. This evolution is explained by the increase in the cohesive energy of the glass, itself linked to the respective values of chemical binding energies
Keller, Clément. "Etude expérimentale des transitions volume/surface des propriétés mécaniques du nickel polycristallin de haute pureté." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403216.
Повний текст джерелаLefebvre, Williams. "Étude des transformations de phase de l'alliage Ti52Al48 : rôle de l'oxygène." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES037.
Повний текст джерелаCharpentier, Matthias. "Hétérogénéités héritées de la solidification et formation des microstructures dans l'alliage Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb : Contribution au développement des alliages intermétalliques de base γ-TiAl". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_CHARPENTIER_M.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIsber, Samih. "Etude des propriétés magnétiques des semiconducteurs semimagnétiques II-VI et IV-VI contenant des métaux de transitions et des terres rares par des mesures de R. P. E. , d'aimantation et modélisation." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20073.
Повний текст джерелаMahoui, Abdelaziz. "Transitions de phases dans les bis (tétraéthylammonium) tétrachlorométallates [(C2H5)4N]2MC14 (M métal divalent)." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20073.
Повний текст джерелаChampion, Yannick. "Analyse structurale et modélisation des phases et interfaces hétéro phases dans le système zirconium-bore." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066081.
Повний текст джерелаMethenitis, Constantinos. "Complexation par des métaux de transition de polyélectrolytes à caractère acide, dérivés d'aminoacides." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10103.
Повний текст джерелаFleurier, Gwendoline. "Etude des transitions volume-surface des propriétés mécaniques du cobalt de haute pureté : influence des mécanismes de glissement et de maclage." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2045.
Повний текст джерелаThe occurrence of size effects in cobalt was examined by the analysis of mechanical properties of samples with thickness t, in a large range of grain size d giving a number of grains across the thickness t/d. On Hall-Petch plots, from the very beginning of plastic strain, two linear behaviors are notable: the polycrystalline one for higher t/d and the multicrystalline one for lower t/d in which the flow stress is strongly reduced. (t/d) is the threshold value between the two behaviors taking a value of around 14. This high value is directly linked to the low stacking fault energy of cobalt. The microstructure of the polycrystalline samples exhibits a strong basal texture and a small proportion of a secondary face-centered cubic phase in a hexagonal close-packed main phase was evidenced. TEM analysis enable to characterize the dislocations and the stacking faults present in the two phases. To complete the analysis, two plasticity stages can be distinguished: stage A corresponding to dislocations gliding and stage B driven by twinning. Size effects in cobalt are found to occur during gliding process and could be related to surface effects as previously shown in face-centered cubic metals
Fraccaroli, Mathias. "Synthèse par CVD/ALD sur grandes surfaces d'un sulfure de vanadium transparent et conducteur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT006.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of functional diversification (“More than Moore”), transition sulfides are currently being actively studied for original optical devices production. Some materials in this family have a lamellar structure, similar to graphene like vanadium sulfides. The synthesis of these lamellar films remains actively dominated by high-temperature CVD processes (> 550 ° C). However, in order to hope the development of a reliable synthesis methods, it's important to reduce this deposition temperature which leads to a poor uniformity and a poor conformity. In this work we have studied the potential of a chemical vapor deposition approach at low temperature (200 ° C). This method allow us to obtain an amorphous vanadium sulfide film on a 300 mm wafer and point out theirability to self-reorganize in order to obtain a lamellar film of V7S8 after thermal annealing. A 5.2nm film has interesting optical and electrical properties; this film is conductive with a carrier density of 1.1.1023 cm-3, the holes are the main charges carriers (type p), a mobility of 0.2 cm2. (Vs) -1, a conductivity of 1063 S.cm -1, an output work of 4.8 eV while preserving good transparency (transmittance of 75% for a wavelength of 550nm)
Chong, Christian. "Observations et modélisation d'effets d'auto-organisation dans les solides thermo et photo commutables." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0066.
Повний текст джерелаThis work on self-organisation effect in switchable solids concerned thermo- and photo- induced transitions. One part of this work consisted to explore the potentionalities of imaging techniques, such as optical microscopie and AFM. The combination of these two techniques allows us to set up micrometer scale resolution analysis and nanometer scale by AFM. On thermal transitions we have mainly obtained experimental results by optical microscope on single cristal. Using cross polariseur configuration, we follow the structural transition on Spin Crossover solids, on another hand colorimetric analysis allowed us to distinguish structural and electronic aspects providing real flow diagrams in the phase space of the studied system. On photoinduced transition we obtained both experimental and theoritical results which confirmed the reality of the phase separation process in spinodal instability condition. In the meanwhile we have performed simulation on the kinetics of the phase separation spatio-temporal model based on a coupled map dynamic. Additionaly, we have also evidenced original features in Fe(bbtr) compound, a polymeric derivative of Fe(ptz). Finally, in a photo-magnetic prussian blue analogue, we have succeded to caracterise two behaviors closely related to a self organisation effect
Reddy, Sura Ravichandra. "Oxygen diffusion mechanism in La2-xSrxCuO4+δ investigated by single crystal neutron diffraction and oxygen isotope back exchange". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S182.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the thesis was to correlated oxygen disorder and mobility for a series of Sr-doped La2CuO4 phases. From oxygen isotope back exchange experiments, the onset temperature for oxygen back exchange was found to be the same irrespective of Sr doping but the exchange rate is strongly influenced for higher Sr doped single crystals of La1. 90Sr0. 10CuO4 and La1. 85Sr0. 15CuO4. Detailed structural information was obtained at ambient and at high temperature from elastic neutron scattering data performed on La2CuO4 at RESI@FRM II and La1. 95Sr0. 05CuO4 and merohedrically. From least squares refinements with JANA2006 large anisotropic displacements were found for apical oxygen in all doped systems. Maximum entropy method used to understand details concerning apical oxygen disorder for each investigated system at ambient temperature and their role in low temperature oxygen ion diffusion. Nuclear density corresponding to apical oxygen is delocalized for x=0 and x=0. 05 system. But for higher Sr doping (0. 15), nuclear density was localized. This is a clear evidence for dynamic disorder of apical oxygen atom and their role of lattice dynamics in low temperature oxygen diffusion. Complementary measurements performed to determine the anisotropy of the oxygen mobility by using the ¹⁸O/¹⁶O tracer method by secondary ion mass spectroscopy and neutron scattering measurements as a function of Sr doping should also be envisaged to allow a better insight in the diffusion mechanism and pathway as a function of temperature
Crauste, Olivier. "Étude des transitions de phases quantiques supraconducteur -- isolant, métal -- isolant dans des matériaux amorphes désordonnés proches de la dimension 2." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579256.
Повний текст джерелаCerchez, Vladimir. "Nano structures formed by molecular chlorine interaction with noble metal surfaces : scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy study." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10047/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is related to the systematic study of chlorine adsorption mechanism on the metal's surfaces Au(111), Ag(111) and Cu(111). We had used for this study the interaction of chlorine gas with metal surface in ultra-high vacuum conditions. Elaborated systems were characterized from the structural point of view by low-energy electron diffraction and low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (5 K). Local electronic properties were probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The first part of the work is devoted to the surface's structural modifications induced by chlorine adsorption from sub-monolayer regime to saturation, which corresponds to the appearance of metal halide precursors. From numerous experimental results we were able to describe in details the mechanism of gas/surface interaction and to propose atomic structural models that remained unresolved up to now. The proposed models were validated by density functional theory calculations. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of original electronic properties of the superstructure of quantum wells formed by self-organization of chlorine atoms on (111) surface of gold. We had studied the quantum resonances that appeared due to the confinement of surface electronic states in the pores of few nanometers in diameter. The eigenstates were characterized as a function of the quantum well?s shape and size. This study was completed by numerical modeling of spectroscopic properties of nano-pores in the "particle-in-a-box" limit
Constant, Sandra. "De l'extraction de la lignine à sa valorisation." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0008.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to study the conversion of lignin in oxidizing hydrothermal conditions, by heterogeneous catalysis. Lignin is among the main constituents of lignocellulose materials. Being considered like a waste of the cellulose valorization procedures, it is mostly burned to produce the energy. Taking into account its phenolic polymer structure, lignin can be considered as the main source of aromatic rings. Complex analytical methodology has initially been set up to allow a thorough characterization of lignins and oxidation products. Lignins were extracted from the straw by the organosolv procedure. The extraction process affects not only yields but also the structures and properties of products. The oxidation catalysts are transition metal oxides, synthesized by an alginate route. The oxidation of vanillin (lignin's model compound) shows the oligomerization phenomena of obtained products. In the oxidation of lignin, the use of a catalyst increases the yield and modifies the equilibrium of depolymerization - oligomerization
Ould-Hamouda, Amine. "Étude des transitions de phase photo-induites dans des matériaux métalliques et organométalliques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0112/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is dedicated to the study of laser-induced phase transitions in metallic and metaly organic materials. The studies presented here are guided by the recording and storage of digital information. Firstly, we focused on THz and Raman spectroscopy of two different iron Fe (II) spin crossover complexes. The spectra we recorded using these two methods are compared to numerical simulations obtained with the DFT. We have also studied the spin state transition induced byCO2 lasers in polymeric spin crossover materials. A simple experimental setup allowing data recording in this type of materials is presented. Secondly, we studied the reversible metal (λ metastable to semiconductor (β stable) phasetransition in nanoparticles of a Titanium oxide (Ti3O5), excited with nanosecond laser pulses.More specifically, we studied the kinetic aspects of this transition. It appears that the λ→β transition occurs in hundreds of nanoseconds while the β→λ transition is achieved in a few tens of nanoseconds. The photothermal mechanisms leading to this transition accounts very well to these experimental observations. Finally, we present the study of Rb0.94Mn[Fe (CN)6]0.98.0.3H2O, a Prussian blue analogue which is bistable at room temperature. Using secondy and thirdyharmonic generation, we measured the effective secondy and thirdyorder nonlinearities of this compound in low and high temperature phases. We show that we can photo-switch the linear and nonlinear optical properties of this material. THz spectroscopy and generation in this material are also presented
Dutfoy, Cécile. "Optimisation et caractérisations de poudres de nickelates de terre rare et leur application pour la furtivite infrarouge." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4038/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe rare – earth nickelats exhibit a sharp metal – insulator transition whose temperature depends on the composition. This transition is responsible, in the infrared range, of the . This work deals with the validation of nd0,3Sm0,7NiO3 powders like active pigments for the infared furtivity. The first part consists of the optimisations of synthesis process by reducting the oxygen pressure during the annealing. We have characterized the structural properties of each batch synthetized. The second part presents the thermo – optical properties of …. The last part proposes some simulations of the optical behaviour of Nd0,3Sm0,7NiO3 in various matrix
Barbara, Dechelette Aude. "Caractérisation structurale et magnétique de superréseaux métaux de transition/Ir par diffraction des rayons X." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10169.
Повний текст джерелаRouzhaji, Tuerhong. "Effect of environment on the electronic and magnetic properties of transition metals and rare-earth complexes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents the results of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) studies on transition-metal phthalocyanines molecules on the noble metal surfaces. The STM/STS measurements have been performed for MnPc and CuPc molecules adsorbed on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces at the experimental working temperature of 4.5 K. These two types of molecules exhibit substantially different adsorption configurations, the electronic and magnetic behaviors and the molecule vibrational structures. The STM/STS studies have focused mainly on the magnetic properties of these molecules by means of Kondo effect, and special attention has been paid to MnPc molecule due to its more interesting magnetic behavior arising from the central Mn atom. Particularly we investigated the spectral evolution of electronic and magnetic structures of MnPc starting from a single molecule up to the ordered bilayer structures on Ag(111) surface. In addition, the STM/STS investigations showed an evidence of magnetic coupling between the magnetic moments of the Co atom and MnPc molecule and its strong dependence on the adsorption site of Co atom. These STM/STS investigations on this system allowed us to understand the effect of molecule-substrate, molecule-molecule and molecule-atom interactions on the electronic and magnetic properties of MnPc molecules
Anghelus, Adrian. "Élaboration de matériaux multicouches par « laminage cumulé contrôlé »." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10116/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study of feasibility deals with the development of ultrafine grained (UFG) multilayers by an original process i.e. controlled accumulative roll bonding. Aluminium based multilayers are reinforced by Al-Ni-Sm alloys taken either in the amorphous or crystallized state. This association of materials is particularly interesting according to the significant difference of mechanical behavior and mechanism of deformation of both constituents. The definition of the process parameters arises from the study of both the stability and the mechanical behaviour of the constituents. Numerous thermal and mechanical treatments as well as various numbers of stacked layers have been considered in order to optimize the microstructure and therefore workability of the multilayers. The phase transformations (dynamical or static recrystallization of Al, crystallization of amorphous alloys…) have been investigated by X-ray diffractometry, various kinds of microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Among the main results, the crystallization of the metallic glass due to deformation has been proved. Due to the modification of the mechanical properties induced by the change of microstructure of the reinforcements, the multilayers bearing crystalline reinforcements are more deformable than those containing amorphous alloys. The difference is explained by the morphology of the fragments of reinforcements as well as by the accommodation of deformation at their interfaces. Finally, a multimaterial has been prepared from 216 Al layers and 180 layers of crystalline reinforcements. This UFG material presents a heterogeneous distribution of reinforcements
Guillaumot, Amélie. "Etude d'une décharge hipims pour l'optimisation de l'adhérence et la croissance de nitrures de metaux de transition." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599055.
Повний текст джерелаLeriche, Raphaël. "Unconventional superconductivity in quasi-2D materials with strong spin-orbit coupling." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS577.
Повний текст джерелаThe realization of topological superconductors is one of the main current goals of condensed matter physics. It was indeed predicted that such systems should host Majorana fermions. These Majorana fermions possess both a non-Abelian statistics and, because of their topological origin, a certain robustness against local disorder, which makes them attractive for quantum computing applications. One approach likely to lead to topological superconductivity consists in considering superconducting systems with strong spin-orbit coupling and with broken inversion symmetry. It is in this framework that, during this thesis, I performed scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements on quasi-2D materials : (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 and Sr2IrO4. I first studied the electronic properties of misfit compound LaNb2Se5, which is a parent of transition metal dichalcogenide 2H-NbSe2. (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 is a heterostructure made out of alternations of NbSe2 bilayers with trigonal prismatic geometry and LaSe bilayers with rocksalt structure. (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 is a potential candidate for topological superconductivity because of the presence of both a strong spin-orbit coupling and of broken inversion symmetry in NbSe2 planes. Here, I present spectroscopic results showing that the electronic structure of(LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 is very similar to the one of electron-doped monolayer NbSe2 with a shift of the chemical potential of 0,3 eV, priorly never reached. I could also demonstrate the quasi- 2D nature of (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 and more particularly the presence of a strong Ising spinorbit coupling. Moreover, the observed weakness of superconductivity against non-magnetic disorder combined with quasiparticle interferences measurements allowed me to exhibit the unconventional nature of (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 superconducting order parameter. This study opens the possibility to use misfit heterostructures such as (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 to study thephysics of transition metal dichalcogenides in the 2D limit, for which many theoretical studies predict topological superconductivity. In this thesis, I also present a study on the effects of doping on the electronic properties of iridate compound Sr2IrO4. Sr2IrO4 is a spin-orbit induced Mott insulator. Because inversion symmetry is locally broken in Sr2IrO4, some theoretical predictions suggest that Sr2IrO4 should turn into a topological superconductor once doped. Here, I exhibit a nanometer-scaleinhomogeneous doping-driven Mott insulator to pseudo-metallic phase transition. This work further justifies the importance of using a local probe such as scanning tunnelling microscopy in order to complete results on Mott physics obtained by integrative methods like angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Zheng, Yuanyuan. "Modélisation et simulation à l’échelle nanométrique de l’effet de température, de pression et des polluants sur l’argile hydratée de type montmorillonite." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10158/document.
Повний текст джерелаMonte Carlo and Molecular Dynamic simulation methods have been performed to study hydrated Wyoming-type montmorillonite, a naturally occurring swelling clay, including different monovalent or divalent counterions. Simulations have been also performed to investigate the swelling and shrinking behaviour of montmorillonite under the influence of water content, temperature and different counterions. We found a general phenomenon of hysteresis during both the hydrate/dehydrate and the warming/cooling processes. The quantities of counterions together with their solvation characteristics and their attraction capacities have an important influence on the swelling and shrinking behaviours of this clay. Moreover, investigations on the diffusion behaviours of water and counterions in the interlayer space of montmorillonite show the effect of hydrated degree and different existing cations especially the pollutants on the diffusion of water, as well as the effect of temperature on the diffusion of interlayer particles. The agreement of our simulation results on the clay containing some common cations such as Li+, Na+, K+ and Ca2+, with available experiment and preceding theoretical works, permitted us to extend our study to the clay with heavy metal ions, such as Rb+, Cs+, Ni2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+, some of which have never been studied.Finally, detailed studies on the shrinking behaviours of hydrated montmorillonite under pressure allowed us to shed light on the rigidity of this clay affected by the hydrated degree, where we found a phase transition phenomenon in hydrated montmorillonite with the phase transition pressure less than 1GPa. According to our calculations the bulk modulus reaches extremely high values at modest pressures of ~20 GPa. It would open a route to a new family of ultra-incompressible materials of clay composition. Such materials, and their superior mechanical properties and possibly low cost, could be practically attractive for a number of uses
Paez, Espejo Miguel angel. "Modélisation et simulation du comportement spatiotemporel des transitions de phase dans les monocristaux moléculaires à transition de spin." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV034/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the multiscale modeling of the spin transition phenomena in Fe(II) spin crossover compounds. The development of a macroscopic reaction-diffusion-like model for the phase transition from the Ising-like Hamiltonian allowed the theoretical study of the spatio-temporal behavior of the high-spin fraction accompanying the first-order phase transition in switchable spin crossover single crystals. The comparison to experiments led to an excellent agreement for the dynamics of the high-spin/low-spin interface which improved the understanding of the optical microscopy measurements. Next, this work was extended to the study of photothermic effects due to the crystal heating by the light of the microscope leading to a coupled system of differential equations accounting for the thermal coupling with the bath temperature. These equations predict nonlinear behaviors for crystals in the bistable region, such as the autocatalytic effects, for which we established the conditions of their emergence. The last part of this thesis is devoted to an extension of the electro-elastic model. Here we prove that the elastic frustration is at the origin of the existence of two-step and of incomplete spin crossover transitions. Furthermore, this model allowed us to predict structures of complex patterns in high-spin fractions for intermediate phases. Several types of self-organisation were revealed such as the spatially-modulated structures of the high-spin fractions. Some of these behaviors have been experimentally observed, very recently, in spin crossover compounds
Kopp, Viktor. "Analyse et modélisation de transformations de phase par précipitation dans des alliages de magnésium modèles." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582337.
Повний текст джерелаMaheu, Clément. "Study of Titania supported transition metal sulfides for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1172.
Повний текст джерелаPhotocatalysis is a promising way to synthesize H2 as a solar fuel. On one hand, the photocatalytic H2 production stores solar energy under chemical energy. On the other hand, it produces H2 with a renewable process using water and bio-based alcohols as a feedstock. This Ph.D thesis aims to study the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols with transition metal sulfides supported on TiO2 (MSx/TiO2). Those transition metal sulfides have versatile and highly tunable properties. They can activate H2, they have promising electrochemical behavior and optical properties. Seven MSx/TiO2 (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ru, Ag, Hg) are therefore studied. The photocatalytic dehydrogenation of propan-2-ol is used as a model reaction. Structure-activity relationships are found between the intrinsic properties of the MSx/TiO2 and their photocatalytic activity. Measuring an apparent activation energy provides additional mechanistic insights. It shows that the photocatalytic production of hydrogen is mostly limited by the charge carrier separation and by the electronic transfer. Therefore a method combining the UPS and the UV-Visbile absorption spectroscopies has been develop to establish the electronic structure of photocatalytic powders. This work concludes that the electronic structure plays a crucial role in photocatalysis. With RuS2/TiO2 photocatalyst, the electron transfer is evidenced as the rate-determining step of the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of propan-2-ol
Roisnel, Thierry. "Etude par spectroscopie d'absorption de rayons X de quelques composés d'intercalation graphitique d'halogénures métalliques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621239.
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