Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Diamniadio (Dakar, Senegal)"

Background: The management of biliary atresia is challenging in low-income countries, with delayed diagnosis and its consequences. We aimed to report its epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic aspects and outcomes in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: We conducted a 5-year retrospective review, which included 16 patients, admitted in the pediatric surgery services of Aristide Le Dantec University Teaching Hospital and Diamniadio Children's Hospital. Results: The mean age at admission was 105.6 (1 - 420 days), with 10 girls. Cholestatic jaundice was found in all cases, discolored stools in 43.7%, dark urine and hepatomegaly in 31.2%. All patients had biological cholestasis and cytolysis syndromes. The ultrasound was performed in all patients with a sensitivity of 56.2%. The mean age at the time of surgery was 145 days (22 – 540 days). The surgical exploration was conducted in 10 cases and found type IV Biliary Atresia in 50%. The Kasai procedure was performed in 4 cases and liver biopsy in 9 cases. Mortality occurred in 75% (50% post-operatively and 25% pre-operatively). In two cases, the postoperative course was unremarkable with the success of the Kasai Procedure after a 42-months follow-up. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Biliary atresia still has high mortality in our context. This is mainly due to delayed diagnosis, which is common in our environment. Multidisciplinary assessment of persistent neonatal jaundice is crucial to reduce biliary atresia-related mortality

One of the main hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils is the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC). It is essential to understand, predict soil water storage and determine the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of soils. These curves can be obtained by direct and indirect measurements. The measurements to obtain these curves are expensive, delicate to perform and can be really slow for fine soils, so predictive models become necessary. In order to make a numerical model, a couple of identification tests were carried out to obtain the physical properties of each sample among the four subgrade materials collected in the regions of Dakar and Thies (Senegal). The measurement tests of the matric suction were then conducted depending on the nature of the material (fine-grained soil or coarse-grained soil) and allowed to draw the SWCC of each soil. Among numerous predictive models developed for SWCC in the last decades; this study used the Perera model to fit the SWCC of four (04) subgrade materials, which did not give a satisfactory coefficient of correlation (R2 = 58% and a relatively low sum of the squared residuals (SSR)). This leads to modifying the Perera model to better fit the SWCC on the basis of an understanding of the effect of each parameter on the shape of the SWCC. The proposed modified model was validated by checking the adjusted R2, minimizing the SSR in order to approach at most the experimental air entry value. The modified model works pretty well on coarse-grained and fine-grained soils. This modified model of Perera provided a very good correlation R2equal to 99.98, 98.74, 99.64, and 99.73 for the sandy soils (Sebikotane and Keur Mory) and the Marley and Clayey soils of Diamniadio, with a minimal SSR obtained compared to Perera’s and Hernandez model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-03 Full Text: PDF

La ville nouvelle ne fait plus recette dans de nombreux pays occidentaux, notamment dans les politiques urbaines. Mais dans les pays du Sud global, en particulier en Chine et dans de nombreux pays africains confrontés à de multiples défis urbains, des projets emblématiques annoncés comme des « villes nouvelles » voient le jour. Aujourd'hui, à la lumière de nouveaux défis et de contextes géographiques spécifiques, le terme mérite d'être revisité. Cette recherche se concentre sur les projets de villes nouvelles en Afrique en général et sur le cas de Diamniadio au Sénégal en particulier. L'intérêt porté par les gouvernements à l'option ville nouvelle s'inscrit dans un double contexte. D'une part, depuis les années 2000, la plupart des pays africains ont connu une bifurcation marquée par le retour d'une forte croissance économique et d'un champ urbain diversifié investi par de grands groupes privés et des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG). À l'échelle mondiale, la pensée urbaine a évolué du « développement durable » à la « ville durable ». À Dakar, au Sénégal, l'approche de la planification a consisté à mettre en œuvre de grands projets d'infrastructure à la périphérie de la ville, dans le but de desserrer la concentration des activités et des populations et de les redéployer vers de nouveaux pôles urbains. Cependant, la réalité urbaine émergente est encore méconnue. C'est l'objet de cette recherche. À partir de l'exemple du pôle urbain de Diamniadio dans la région métropolitaine de Dakar, il s'agit de comprendre le processus de production d'une ville nouvelle à l'aune de la métropolisation et de la ville durable
The "new town" is no longer a recipe for success in many Western countries, especially in urban policies. But in the countries of the global South, especially China and many African countries facing multiple urban challenges, emblematic projects heralded as "new cities" are seeing the light of day. Today, in light of new challenges and specific geographical contexts, the term deserves to be revisited. This research focuses on new city projects in Africa in general and the case of Diamniadio in Senegal in particular. The interest shown by governments in the new town option is part of a dual context. On the one hand, since the 2000s, most African countries have experienced a bifurcation marked by the return of strong economic growth and a diversified urban field invested by large private groups and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). At the global scale, urban thinking has evolved from "sustainable development" to the "sustainable city". In Dakar, Senegal, the planning approach has been to implement major infrastructure projects on the outskirts of the city, with the aim of reducing the concentration of activities and populations and redistributing them to new urban centers. However, the emerging urban reality is still unknown. This is the purpose of this research. Using the example of the Diamniadio urban hub in the Dakar metropolitan region, it aims to understand the process of building a new town in the context of metropolitanization and the sustainable city

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les relations entre périurbanisation et territorialisation autour d’une question principale, la gouvernance des espaces périurbains métropolitains. Dans les grandes villes ouest-africaines, ces espaces sont affectés par de rapides et multiples mutations dans un contexte de décentralisation accélérée. Pour analyser ces mutations et les dynamiques de régulation qu’elles suscitent, nous privilégions une approche territoriale comparative. Á l’échelle micro, il s’agit d’appréhender les dynamiques de la périurbanisation en s’interrogeant sur le poids des contextes locaux. Á l’échelle des collectivités locales et du périurbain, le développement économique et résidentiel est mis en relation avec des logiques d’acteurs et des pratiques gestionnaires pour questionner les mécanismes d’évolution de l’espace et leurs effets sur la gestion et le développement des territoires. Enfin, à l’échelle macro, les observations et les analyses sont replacées dans la métropolisation dakaroise. Nous partons des usages non agricoles de l’espace dans trois collectivités locales, Diamniadio, Sangalkam et Yene, pour y étudier l’évolution du périurbain, ses mécanismes, les logiques et les pratiques des acteurs. Leur positionnement dans l’axe majeur Ouest-Est de l’étalement métropolitain pèse sur leur évolution et d’importantes différenciations sont observées aux échelles intra- et interterritoriale, témoignant d’une rupture avec le modèle centre-périphérie, au profit d’une dynamique multifonctionnelle et polycentrique à l’Est de la capitale sénégalaise
This thesis aims to analyze the relationships between urban sprawl and territorialisation, focusing on the crucial issue of metropolitan suburbs governance. In Western Africa large cities, suburbs are involved in complex spatial, socioeconomic, political and managerial transformations, in a context of decentralization. To analyze these transformations as well as the new dynamics of regulation they entail, we have adopted a territorial approach. At the micro scale, we try to understand the dynamics of urban sprawl through the weight of local contexts. At the meso scale of the whole set of suburbs, residential and economic developments are linked to the logics of actors and managerial practices. We try to understand the mechanisms of spatial transformations and their consequences on urban management. At the macro level, we are focusing on Dakar metropolisation. Field surveys have been conducted within three local authorities, Diamniadio, Sangalkam and Yene, in order to study mechanisms, practices and logics of actors. Diamniadio, Sangalkam and Yene have specific local characteristics and, taking into account the major urban sprawl axis, they are located differently. In these three local authorities, processes of differentiation have been observed both at intra and inter territorial scales, which breaks with the former model center-periphery and reflects a new polycentric and multifunctional evolution in the Eastern suburbs