Дисертації з теми "Diagramms de phases"
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Condolf, Cyril. "Elaboration d’un cermet conducteur électrique à haute température." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0071.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the making of inert anode materials, used for aluminium electrolysis. On the basis of knowledge obtained from the cermet copper- nickel ferrite, a strategy of research was carried out in order to determine alternative chemical systems. The reading of phase diagrams is a tool of prediction for hypothetical promising compositions. Physical models of spinel conductivity and sintering, integrated into the results of thermodynamic calculation, are used to determine theoretical best zones of cermets'development, in the system Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Zn-O (FACT database). Manganese, comparable with iron and cobalt concerning the electronic structure, is not included in FACT database and Fe-Mn-Ni-0 had to be evaluated through experiments and theoretically in order to include it in our thought and to show its interest as an alloying element. Practical application was validated in the case of Cu-Al-Fe-Ni-0 and Cu-Fe-Mn-Ni-0 materials. Addition of aluminium reduces the solubility in cryolite bath, and manganese can be used as a doping element in order to enhance sintering. The potential interest of the other elements (Co,Cr and Zn) has been surveyed through a logical analysis developed during the thesis
Martin, Catherine. "Méthodes d'étude des microémulsions et étude de diagrammes pseudoternaires." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P247.
Повний текст джерелаHerrero, Bocco Bernardo. "Assessment of the ternary phase diagram on the stoichiometric and hypo-stoichiometric U-Nd-O system." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC008.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the experimental study and thermodynamic modeling of the behavior of advanced fuels used in current and future generation nuclear power plants. The subject of the thesis is more precisely the study of the ternary system (U-Nd-O) and for comparison purposes of (U-Ce-O). This system is particularly representative of the fission products accumulated in the fuel for high combustion rates but also of the initial atomic substitutions in the fuel by neutron poisons, used in nuclear fuels with high enrichment levels and capable of spacing out nuclear reactor outages. The study of this system presents significant challenges due to the open conflict between thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena. It is indeed an out of equilibrium system where the long-range ordering of local structures is frustrated by the negligible of atomic transport in the cation sublattice in the range of temperatures of interest for applications. During this thesis, a review of the existing literature motivated the manufacture of samples with well-defined characteristics by powder metallurgy methods and by soft chemistry methods leading to a control of dopant distributions. The results obtained by numerous characterization techniques (XRD, SEM, TEM, XAS) on samples treated thermally under oxidizing or reducing conditions have allowed a critical re-evaluation of the phase diagrams currently used. We have modelled a new phase diagram that includes new experimental results. This allows a better knowledge of the limits of use of nuclear fuels respecting optimal safety conditions
Gendron, François-Xavier. "Contribution à la discrimination chirale à l'état solide et accès aux énantiomères pures par cristallisation." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR032/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe need for access to pure enantiomers has largely increased since the nineties. Processes using crystallization are often cheaper and as efficient as other processes. Thus, the improvement of existing techniques and the need for new processes are attractive for scientist and industry. Two studies have been performed in this thesis:The first one concerns the improvement of an existing technique. Indeed, conglomerate Preferential Crystallization efficiency is well known. Nonetheless, its application to mirror image partial solid solutions is more difficult. Here is presented the first example of PC performed on a complete solid solution at high temperature which shows a solid solutions demixion at low temperature: the baclofen hydrogenomaleate salt (an API). Moreover, it is the first experimental observation of such phase equilibria and PC of mirror image solid solutions whose results are comparable to classical PC. -The second topic did not involve directly enantiomer separation but promising chiral discriminations have been obtained. The phase diagram between the racemic composition of two couples of atropisomers has been defined. Beside multiples equilibria observed, two results concerning the chiral discrimination can be highlighted: the first one is the possibility to deracemize a compound A initially not discriminated (racemic compound) inside the matrix of a compound B (which forms a stable conglomerate). The second is the observation of a new kind of chirality: Chirality Induced by Dissymmetric Distribution (CIDD)
Junius, Niels. "Développements instrumentaux pour le contrôle de la cristallisation par la dialyse : approche microfluidique et analyse aux rayons X." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY032/document.
Повний текст джерелаProtein crystallization is a key step in elucidating three-dimensional structure of proteins. This very sensitive process depends on many variables that are difficult to control precisely or simultaneously in the existing facilities. Instrumentation developments have concentrated on massive parallel experiments and sample volume reduction used by experiment. With this approach it is relatively easy to find initial crystallization conditions but their optimization to yield well diffracting crystals often proves to be more difficult.The method presented herein differs from the current paradigm, since we propose serial instead of parallel experiments based on the knowledge of phase diagrams. This project is based on a series of developments of instruments used to control and rationalize crystallisation using dialysis method, thus allowing phase diagrams exploration without consuming large quantity of protein sample.This results in a microfluidic device that allows crystallization of proteins by dialysis method, use of a continuous flow of crystallization agent and therefore continuous exchange of crystallization conditions as well as temperature control during experiment. It provides X-rays compatibility for in situ diffraction data collection of crystals grown in the microfluidic chip. This microfluidic system is based on the miniaturization of the crystallization bench which has been improved on electronics for automation, fluid transport to operate at a continuous flow, software development for the control of crystallization parameters, mechanics to improve both dialysis cell and thermoregulation, and finally by the integration of a UV system to perform in situ absorbance measurements that provide the future possibility to measure the solubility of proteins in a dialysis crystallization experiment.Finally both instrumental and methodological developments have been validated by the crystallization of several model proteins whose crystals diffracted succesfully X-rays. Furthermore understanding of the transport of species in solution by dialysis was investigated by combined experimental and theoretical approaches
Bourgeois, Natacha. "Modélisation de systèmes métal-hydrogène par couplage des méthodes DFT, CVM et Calphad." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1045/document.
Повний текст джерелаHydrogen absorption in the interstitial sites of metals is crucial for major issues such as alloy embrittlement or hydrogen storage for energy applications. This phenomenon modifies the physicochemical properties of the host metal and may lead to the formation of ordered MHy compounds called hydrides. Within this framework, the Calphad modeling method (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) is a relevant tool for understanding and predicting the behavior of metals and alloys in the presence of hydrogen. However, there is no Calphad database centered on hydrogen for calculating phase equilibria in multi-constituent systems (ternary, quaternary…).The present thesis proposes to use a multi-scale modeling approach to study metal-hydrogen (M-H) binary systems, which are the first step in designing such a Calphad database. First, systematic DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations were carried out for 31 binary M-H systems considering 30 potential crystal structures, resulting in 30 × 31 = 930 hydrides, stable or metastable. This high throughput approach allowed in particular to determine the enthalpies of formation at 0 K, which represent important input data for the Calphad method. New hydrides that have never been experimentally observed could be predicted at high pressure (TaH2, ZrH3 ...).Then, phonon calculations in the harmonic approximation were performed on the most stable hydrides. They allow, on the one hand, to correct the DFT calculated enthalpies of formation by considering the energy and entropy due to the atom vibrations, which are not negligible for the light hydrogen atom. On the other hand, a large-scale study focused on the modification of the free energy of formation due to hydrogen substitution by its isotopes, known as "isotopic effect". Predictions were made on the nature of this effect as function of temperature. Moreover, the random insertion of hydrogen atoms in solid solution was studied using statistical thermodynamic methods: CVM (Cluster Variation Method) and Monte-Carlo simulation. These methods have been implemented in calculation codes, applied to face centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bcc) metals. The input data are the interactions energies between nearest neighbor atoms. They are provided by the CEM (Cluster Expansion Method) coupled with DFT calculations. A comparative study of the Ni-H and Pd-H systems revealed the specificities of the thermodynamic behaviors of both solid interstitial solutions. Furthermore, dihydrogen pressure is an important parameter because many hydrides form only at very high pressure. To improve the Calphad model accuracy at high pressure, the model of Lu et al. was applied to the condensed phases of the Ni-H, Rh-H and Mg-H systems. This model allows to determine the contribution to the free enthalpy due to the pressure force work. The input data may be both quasi-harmonic phonon calculation results and experimental data. Finally, a comprehensive Calphad model of the Ni-H system was carried out by integrating the model of Lu et al. The DFT enthalpy of formation and the mixing enthalpy determined by CEM were used as input data, to complement the available experimental data
Anzellini, Simone. "Phase diagram of iron under extreme conditions measured with time resolved methods." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066155/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the study of the phase diagram of iron at extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. Iron is the main constituent of the terrestrial planetary cores. In particular, the Earth has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core which are mainly composed of iron. The accurate determination of the melting temperature of iron at the inner core boundary pressure, 330 GPa, would provide an important constraint on the temperature of the core, which is essential to understand how the dynamic Earth works. The phase diagram of iron has been investigated in laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments up to 200 GPa using synchrotron-based fast X-ray Diffraction as a primary melting diagnostic. The obtained melting temperatures agree within the experimental uncertainties with the ones obtained from shock wave experiments and are higher than those reported by previous static experiments, where a different melting criterion was used. The apparatus, methods and metrology used in the static laser heated diamond anvil cell are discussed together with the issues encountered in static experiments at such extreme conditions. The possibility of using the X-ray diffraction signal of Re gasket for pressure calibration purpose for experiment in the multi-Mbar range is also discussed. For this purpose, Re equation of state has been measured up to 144 GPa. Finally, a preliminary test has been performed to check the possibility of using energy dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a technique complementary to fast X-ray diffraction in the investigation of the melting curve of iron
Ye, Bing. "Unconventional Quantum Phases in Strongly Correlated Systems." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106990.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, I investigated and implemented various numerical and simulation methods, including mean field theory, functional renormalization group method (fRG), density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method etc., to find different quantum phases and quantum phase diagrams on models of correlated electronic systems. I found different phase diagrams with phases such as magnetism, superconductivity. By summarizing the strength and limitations of these methods, I investigated the projected entangled paired states (PEPS) with symmetry quantum number to sharply distinguish phases into crude classes and applied a variation of fast full update (FFU) prototype[58] to simulate different phases numerically. This method provides a promising, powerful and efficient way to simulate unconventional quantum phases and quantum phase diagrams in correlated electronic systems
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
Yaqoob, Khurram. "Experimental determination and thermodynamic modelisation of Mo-Ni-Re system." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805384.
Повний текст джерелаBiscarat, Jennifer. "Elaboration de membranes “vertes” de séparation gazeuse à base de gélatine : mécanismes de structuration, réticulation et relations structure-propriétés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20213/document.
Повний текст джерелаPetroleum based raw materials shortage leads to investigate renewable raw materials for membrane elaboration. Gelatin, an abundant, industrial by-product is a biosourced polymer with filmogenic properties which makes it an educated choice for “green” membrane production. This thesis work aims at developing gelatin based membrane and studying the influence of the material structure on mechanical and thermal properties, water resistance and gas transport properties. Thus, the elaboration mechanisms by TIG/Dry-cast process were studied in details by establishing the phase diagram of the gelatin/water system. To improve the water resistance of the hydrosoluble gelatin, crosslinking is necessary. Alternative cross-linkers were tested to replace the glutaraldehyde, classified as toxic. Ferulic acid and terephthalaldehyde were promising and showed complementary characteristics. The high crystallinity level of gelatin films, related to their renaturation level, led to rather gas barrier properties. By adding an elastomer, polyetheramine, the permeability to CO2 increased from 1.4 to an outstanding 250 Barrer. The influence of the temperature and relative humidity of the gas flux on permeability was also studied
Terescenco, Daria. "Evaluation et compréhension de la structure de l’émulsifiant et son impact sur les propriétés physiques, physico-chimiques et sensorielles d’émulsions cosmétiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH05/document.
Повний текст джерелаEmulsifier is a raw material widely used in formulated systems of emulsion type. Due to its amphiphilic chemical structure, this molecule decreases the interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids that form an emulsion, which increases the stability of the system over time. In addition, it can form liquid crystals in the formulated systems because of its structure and this has a considerable impact on the physicochemical and applicative properties of emulsions. The objective of this project is to study a natural alkyl polyglucoside/fatty alcohol mixed surfactant. Its properties were first investigated via the construction of the phase diagram. Thus, it has been shown that the variation of the concentration and of the ratio of alkyl polyglucoside/fatty alcohol in the mixed emulsifier favors the transition between the micellar solutions towards liquid crystals of lamellar or hexagonal type in the studied systems. Next, the mastering of the binary systems properties allowed understanding the metamorphoses undergone by the system when an oil phase is incorporated into it. The chemical structure of emollients (presence of heteroatoms) affects the organization of liquid crystals formed by the amphiphilic molecules. Therefore, depending on the emollient type, the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the systems change (droplet sizes and distribution, rheological, thermal and texture profile). Finally, the applicative properties of emulsions are also affected, as shown by sensory analysis and in-vivo biometric measurements
Gray, Sarah Jane. "Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of surfactant systems : phase diagrams, phases and self-assembly." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12641/.
Повний текст джерелаGirod-Labianca, Caroline. "Modélisation thermodynamique des diagrammes de phases des clinkers de ciments Portland : étude de l'influence des éléments mineurs : cas du phosphore." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066158.
Повний текст джерелаMailhe, Clément. "Etablissement du diagramme de phases de systèmes de matériaux par thermographie infrarouge." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0073.
Повний текст джерелаExperimental and numerical techniques for the study of phase change are numerous. The diversity of existing method can be explained by the variety of properties of interest associated to phase change. Amongst them, some techniques aim at establishing the phase diagrams of systems of materials and all present the common characteristic of being time-consuming. In the frame of the study and development of new materials, they appear rather unadapted to the requirements of the industry. A method based on infrared thermography has been developed in order to overcome this limit of standard techniques. It allows for the establishment of phase diagrams in a less than two hours experiment. The proof of the validity of this concept was made on organic systems presenting simple phase diagrams. In this work, its applicability for the determination of phase diagrams of increasing complexity is evaluated. For its optimization, studies are performed in order to assess the influence experimental parameters on the efficiency and quality of results of the method. Finally, its potential applications and limits are investigated
Bahari, Zahra. "Contribution à l' étude du système ternaire Argent-Indium-Tellure : diagrammes de phases, étude structurale et propriétés physiques des phases ternaires." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P603.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Antonio Augusto Araújo Pinto da. "Thermodynamic modeling and critical experiments on the Al-Fe-Nb system." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0148.
Повний текст джерелаThe equilibrium diagrams are the starting point and the guideline to predict and control the microstructure that will form during processing materials. Despite experiments being necessary in binaries and ternaries systems, it is difficult to experimentally determine phase diagrams of higher orders systems over wide ranges of compositions and temperature. The CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method was developed in order to solve this problem. The essence is to optimize the parameters of thermodynamic models that describe the Gibbs free energies of each phase aiming to reproduce the experimental and estimated (ab-initio) data. The compound energy formalism (CEF) is widely used in order to describe phases which present several sublattices. It allows the modeling of a large variety of phases and numerous methods have been developed to treat different situations. The activities in this work developed a new approach of the CEF (NACEF) based on a mathematic analysis of the parameters which leads to a new formulation of the Gibbs free energy function evolving new independent parameters in which new independent parameters are obtained to express the Gibbs free energy. This approach was used in this work to describe the intermetallic phases with two-sublattice in which the only defect type is anti-sites (A,B)a(A,B)b. The Al-Fe-Nb system was chosen due to its importance for the manufacturing process of several families of alloys currently used, e.g. steels, light alloys, and also for the development of new materials for high temperatures application. The binaries Al-Nb and Fe-Nb were reassessed and the Al-Fe-Nb system was assessed for the first time using literature information and new experimental data
Os diagramas de equilíbrio são o ponto de partida e a diretriz para prever e controlar a microestrutura ao final do processamento de um material. Apesar de experimentos serem necessários em sistemas binários e ternários, é muito difícil determinar experimentalmente diagramas de fase de sistemas de ordens superiores numa vasta amplitude de composições e temperatura. A fim de solucionar este problema, o método CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) foi desenvolvido. A essência consiste em aperfeiçoar os parâmetros de modelos termodinâmicos que descrevem as energias livres de Gibbs de cada fase de modo a reproduzir as informações experimentais ou estimadas (ab-initio). O compound energy formalism (CEF) é amplamente utilizado para descrever fases que apresentam várias sub-redes. Ele permite a modelagem de uma grande variedade de fases e vários métodos têm sido desenvolvidos para o tratamento de diferentes situações. As atividades deste trabalho ajudaram a desenvolver uma nova abordagem para o CEF (NACEF) com base em um estudo matemático dos seus parâmetros termodinâmicos que levou a uma nova formulação para função da energia livre de Gibbs envolvendo novos parâmetros independentes. Esta nova abordagem tem sido utilizado como parte do presente trabalho para modelar fases intermetálicas binárias constituídas de sub-redes cujo único defeito é do tipo anti-sítio (A,B)a(A,B)b. O sistema Al-Fe-Nb foi escolhido devido a sua importância para o processo de fabricação de diversas famílias de ligas usadas atualmente, e.g. aços, ligas leves e, além disto, é um sistema importante para o desenvolvimento de materiais para aplicações em altas temperaturas. Neste trabalho os binários Al-Nb e Fe-Nb foram reavaliados e o sistema Al-Fe-Nb foi modelado pela primeira vez utilizando as informações da literatura e novos dados experimentais
Moussa, Chantal. "Étude physico-chimique d'intermétalliques d'uranium pour des cibles médicales innovantes de production de ⁹⁹Mo." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S091/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is in the framework of the development of low ²³⁵U enriched irradiation targets for the ⁹⁹Mo production, the mother isotope of ⁹⁹mTc, which is the main radioactive tracers used in nuclear medical imaging. The aim of this work is to identify a new material with a higher uranium density. To fulfil this objective, the determination of the phase relations has been considered for five ternary systems. The experimental work was the determination of the isothermal sections of the U-Al-X with X = Ti, Zr, Nb, Ga and Ge for two temperatures, for representative interactions with U in its orthorhombic form (αU) and cubic form (gU) respectively. The U-Nb-Al and U-Al-Ga ternary system were thermodynamically assessed by CALPHAD assessment. Subsequent characterizations have been carried out on the intermediate phases to determine their physical properties. These studies comprise their thermodynamic features (reaction of formation, including the reaction temperature and for some their enthalpy of formation), structural properties (by means of X-ray and electron diffractions) and their electronic properties, magnetic, and transport (electrical and thermal). This Ph-D thesis was extended to the study of ternary uranium germanides with the general formula U₃TGe₅ by seeking for new isostructural compounds and to investigate their electronic properties. Nine new compounds have been identified with the transition metal, T = V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta and W with an anti-Hf₅CuSn₃ structural type and various and complex behaviors, such as spin fluctuators, antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic orders, emphasizing the predominant influence of the transition metal in these electronic phenomena
Jouti, Moulay Brahim. "Détermination des diagrammes de phases des systèmes binaires des N-Alcanes impairs consécutifs : (n-C21H44 : n-C23H48 et n-C23H48 : n-C25H52) : études thermodynamiques et structurales, modélisation et calcul de diagramme." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL058N.
Повний текст джерелаDottavio, Giannina. "Existence d'une lacune de miscibilité dans le ternaire U-Nd-O et son lien avec la structure HBS du combustible nucléaire irradié." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4053/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe nuclear energy represents today an important fraction of electricity production in the world and especially in France. The most used nuclear fuel today is the uranium dioxide UO2. In this thesis, we have studied the crystallographic structure evolution of this material related to the increase of its burn-up.We have confirmed that, under conditions similar of those of irradiated nuclear fuel, a miscibility gap exists in the (U1-yNdy)O2 system. As (U1-yNdy)O2 system can be considered as a model of the fuel, we have search for the existence of a miscibility gap in the irradiated fuel, which would be considered as a ternary pseudo diagram de phases. XRD measurements of theses system give us results consistent with this hypothesis.Based on this evidence, we propose a new interpretation of the microstructure evolution of the irradiated fuel as a function of the burn-up
Schmitz, Jones Erni. "Calculos de estabilidade e divisão de fases por meio de redes neurais artificiais." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267568.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: A simulação de processos é um componente fundamental de uma grande variedade de atividades de Engenharia de Processos, tais como a Otimização Online, o controle em Tempo Real, a Identificação, etc. O cálculo de Equilíbrio de Fases é uma atividade fundamental em qualquer simulação de processos de separação. O elevado tempo computacional deste cálculo provocado pela sua natureza iterativa pode criar incompatibilidades entre a atividade de simulação e as aplicações em tempo real que ela integra. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método alternativo simples, mas suficientemente preciso, para realizar os cálculos de equilíbrio de fases na simulação de processos de separação de sistemas complexos. Entende-se por tal, sistemas que apresentam problemas de Equilíbrio Líquido-Líquido e de Equilíbrio Líquido-Líquido-Vapor, como é o caso dos que possuem um Azeótropo Heterogêneo. Pelas suas propriedades, as Redes Neurais Artificiais surgem naturalmente como candidatas alternativas para esta tarefa. Como objeto de aplicação foram escolhidos dois sistemas que apresentam um azeótropo heterogêneo, o sistema binário acetato de etila - água e o sistema ternário etanol - acetato de etila - água. Para gerar os dados usados no treinamento das redes foi implementado um método convencional de cálculo de equilíbrio de fases, adequado à complexidade dos sistemas escolhidos, o método de Pham & Doherty. Para a resolução do problema da estabilidade de fases, a primeira etapa do cálculo do equilíbrio de fases, foram testados dois tipos de redes neurais artificiais (RNAs), as Redes Neurais Artificiais Probabilísticas (RNAPs) e os Perceptrons. Com os perceptrons foram encontradas dificuldades para atingir a precisão desejada, sendo necessário recorrer a perceptrons com várias camadas escondidas. Já as RNAPs apresentaram uma excelente precisão, embora a sua simulação seja mais lenta. Perceptrons simples de uma só camada escondida foram usados com êxito na solução da segunda etapa do cálculo de equilíbrio de fases, o problema da divisão de fases. Combinando as redes desenvolvidas para cada uma das etapas foi criada uma ferramenta que permite resolver qualquer problema de equilíbrio de fases para os sistemas estudados. A precisão dos resultados fornecidos pelas redes neurais é comparável à dos apresentados pelos métodos tradicionais, mas os cálculos do equilíbrio de fases feitos usando redes neurais foram mais rápidos. Pode-se concluir que as redes neurais artificiais constituem uma alternativa válida aos métodos tradicionais do cálculo do equilíbrio de fases baseados em equações de estado para sistemas complexos como os avaliados
Abstract: Process simulation is a basic component of different Process Engineering activities such as On-line Optimization, Model Predictive Control, Identification, etc. The calculation of Phase Equilibrium appears as a fundamental task in any simulation of a separation process. However, the high computational time due to the iterative nature of this calculation makes it oft unsuitable for use with real time process analysis and synthesis strategies. The objective of this work is to develop a simple but accurate method to perform the phase equilibrium calculations required to the study of the behavior of complex systems. As such we mind those systems who present liquid-liquid and vapor-liquid-liquid phase equilibrium problems, such as systems with a heterogeneous azeotrope do. Given their inherent ability to learn and recognize non-linear and highly complex relationships, artificial neural networks (ANNs) appear to be well suited for such a task. Two chemical systems, the binary ethyl acetate ¿ water and the ternary ethanol ¿ ethyl acetate ¿ water were chosen; both systems present a miscibility gap and a heterogeneous azeotrope. The data sets used to train the ANNs were computed using the method of Pham & Doherty. Two kinds of neural networks were tried to solve the phase stability problem, namely the probabilistic neural networks (PNNs) and the perceptrons. In order to attain an acceptable precision perceptrons had to be trained with several hidden layers. Even though, PNNs got slightly better results than the perceptrons. Simple perceptrons were able to deliver the required precision when trained to predict the compositions of phases in equilibrium. Coupling the ANNs trained for phase stability with those trained for phase division a tool was obtained that can solve any phase equilibrium problem for the two chosen systems. Predictions made with the use of neural networks were faster than those made using the traditional methods, and delivered comparable precision
Doutorado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Briki, Mohamed. "Étude du couplage entre structure et ordre chimique dans les agrégats bimétalliques : vers l’établissement de diagrammes de phases à l’échelle nanométrique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112001/document.
Повний текст джерелаIf bulk phase diagrams of binary alloys are now well known, it is not the case for nanoalloys, which are particles consisting in a few hundred to a few thousand of atoms. The development of nanotechnologies is a powerful driving force to develop the interest in the phase diagrams of nanoparticles. For this purpose, we have studied the Wulff polyhedron of 405 atoms (PW405) in the Cu-Ag system characterized by a large difference in atomic radii between the components and a tendency to phase separation, at least in the bulk. The study is carried out by Monte Carlo simulations using N-body interatomic potentials, taking advantage of the complementarity of two thermodynamic ensembles, namely the semigrand canonical ensemble (sGC), i.e. at fixed difference in chemical potentials and the canonical ensemble, i.e. at fixed nominal concentration.We first show that a phase diagram of nanoalloy consists in a set of phase diagrams related to the various classes of surface sites or to the internal layers. Thus, for the PW405, we distinguish three phase diagrams: the (100) facets diagram, the (111) facets diagram and the phase diagram for the layers of the core. Each of these diagrams is linked to very different physical phenomena. Thus, the phase diagram of the (100) facets is related to a structural and chemical transition, while the one of the (111) facets characterizes a transition between phase separation and disorder, without structural evolution. In the sGC ensemble, this results in a collective bistability for the (100) facets and an individual bistability for the (111) facets. A consequence of this last point is the possibility to observe some (111) facets pure in copper and other (111) facets pure in silver within the same nanoparticle !The use of the Widom method to determine in the canonical ensemble is decisive in order to discriminate between a single-phase regime (with surface or subsurface segregation) and a two-phase regime. Furthermore, the difference of atomic radii between Cu and Ag plays an important role, both for stabilizing the Janus configuration (with an Ag shell) in the two-phase state, and for lowering the critical temperature of the core layers by a factor of about 2 with respect to the bulk phase diagram.An analysis of the Monte Carlo simulations within an effective lattice formalism and a mean-field approximation is very powerful to determine the driving forces at the origin of each type of transition, both for the different facets of the surface layers and for the core. Moreover, this allowed us to show that the edges act as a nano-armature for the nanoparticles. This work ends with the establishment of what should be considered as the first phase diagram of nanoalloys, to the best of our knowledge
Takoukam, Takoundjou Cyrille. "Etude du diagramme de phases du combustible MOX par simulation moléculaire de type Monte Carlo." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0321.
Повний текст джерелаUranium plutonium mixed oxide, commonly called MOX (for Mixed Oxide), is currently used in the Light Water Reactors (LWR) and is envisaged as the reference fuel for the future 4th generation french Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR). During the manufacturing of this fuel, the oxygen hypo-stoichiometry (O/M ratio < 2 with M = U+Pu) is imposed. Knowledge of the characteristics of MOX requires the strong understanding of the U‒Pu‒O ternary phase diagram. Particularly the characterisation of the miscibility gap highlighted exclusively in the hypo-stoichiometric region and more precisely within the region interest of the FBR fuel (UO2‒PuO2‒Pu2O3 phase diagram). Our study consists in using the molecular Monte Carlo (MC) method with its cation exchange algorithm. The main objective is to improve the knowledge about the MOX ternary phase diagram. To do this, it is appropriate to calculate first the thermodynamic properties of this fuel. Thus, we worked along two main axes. The first part of this work consisted in implementing the MOX simulation through the MC method and determining the structural, thermodynamic and mechanical properties of stoichiometric U1-yPuyO2 MOX as well as those of pure oxides UO2 and PuO2 missing or poorly known. The second part consist in studying the hypo-stoichiometric MOX. We first optimized our own potential, which appeared to be more efficient than the unique potential available in the literature. Next, we calculated several properties of interest of the hypo-stoichiometric MOX both outside and inside the miscibility gap. The marks of a possible phase separation in the hypo-stoichiometric MOX as well as the demixing limit temperature were highlighted
Viana, L. "Phase diagrams for spin glasses." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356116.
Повний текст джерелаGloriant, Thierry. "Influence du titane sur les mécanismes de galvanisation d'aciers : les systèmes ternaire Fe-Zn-Ti et quaternaire Fe-Zn-Ti-Ni à 450°C." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10131.
Повний текст джерелаBetton, Clélia. "Nouvelle stratégie d'extraction et de purification de l'hydrazine N2H4 de grade spatial via le procédé Raschig : synthèse, modélisations cinétiques, équilibres entre phases et schémas de procédé." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10366/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work, funded by the CIBLE-Rhône-Alpes Region, in partnership with the HERAKLES-SAFRAN group, aims to develop a new method for extracting and purifying hydrazine N2H4, for space applications. This monopropellant must be of very high purity, with an upper mass composition of 99.5% hydrazine and a carbon content of less than 30 ppm.The first part of this study allowed us to identify the reactions of formation and degradation to establish a global kinetic model and determine the guiding parameters of synthesis. Knowledge of the compositions of reaction liquors function of operating conditions of the synthesis, has allowed us to position, on leaving the reactor, the overall mixing point in the diagrams of ternary and quaternary phases in order to define the optimum extraction conditions.The second part concerns the detailed thermodynamic study of the new method of extraction, which is, not to extract excess ammonia from the reaction mixture but maintain the in situ to extract the hydrazine in the liquid phase separation -liquid by solvent effect. The aim ultimately is to get a virtually anhydrous ammonia phase so as to eliminate multiple distillations and complex extraction and purification encountered in the traditional process. This new strategy is based on the existence of a miscibility gap in the liquid state, in the H2O-NH3-H2O-NaOH ternary system and N2H4-NH3-NaOH quaternary system at a pressure of between 15 and 20 bar.The last part deals with the process engineering component. The operation of kinetic model and phase diagrams involved allowed us to determine the optimum conditions of synthesis and isolation, to calculate the composition of the material flow at the end of each unit operation and compare them with previous industrial processes . The process diagrams for each option have been prepared and analyzed at cost, safety and specifications obtained useful product
Digulescu, Angela. "Caractérisation des phénomènes dynamiques à l’aide de l’analyse du signal dans les diagrammes des phases." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT011/document.
Повний текст джерелаSignals’ deformation along their propagation path is among the most important aspect which has to be taken into account at reception. These effects are caused by phenomena like attenuation, reflection, dispersion and noise. Whereas the first two are rather easy to monitor, because they affect the amplitude, respectively the delay, the latter two are more difficult to control, because they change signals’ parameters (amplitude, frequency and phase) in an environment-dependent manner.In this thesis, the main objective is to contribute to the analysis of signals related to different physical phenomena, aiming to better understand them as well as to estimate their parameters that are interesting from application point of view. Different applicative contexts have been investigated in active and passive sensing configurations. For the active part, we mention the monitoring of cavitation phenomena and its characterization for hydraulic system surveillance. The second application of the active sensing is the underwater object detection and tracking without synchronization between sensors. For the passive configuration, we focus on the pressure transient analysis in water pipes investigation with a non-intrusive method and on the surveillance of electrical power systems in the presence of transient phenomena such as electrical arcs.Despite the differences between the physical considerations, we propose a unique mathematical model of the signals issued from the active/passive sensing system used to analyze the considered phenomena. This model is based on the Recurrence Plot Analysis (RPA) method. With this concept, we propose the phase-space based waveform design. This waveform design technique presents the interest to conduct to a high speed sensing methods, very useful to monitor dynamic phenomena.Moreover, we propose new tools for the investigation of the signals characteristics. The first one is the TDR* measure (Time Distributed Recurrences) that quantifies the recurrence/ distance matrix and it is used for the detection of transient signals. The second one is the multi-lag phase analysis using multiple lags and it is successfully used to discriminate between signals with close parameters. Finally, the diagonal lines quantification of RPA matrix is proposed as an alternative for the analysis of modulated signals.Our work presents the experimental results using the proposed theoretical methods introduced by this thesis. The results are compared with classical techniques.The perspectives of this thesis are presented at the end of this paper
Zhang, Haiwa. "Experimental investigation of the phase diagram of ammonia monohydrate at high pressure and temperature." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS410.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis in experimental physics investigates the phase diagram of ammonia monohydrate (AMH) at high pressure (0
Nakamura, Gerson Hiroshi de Godoy. "Análise térmica e diagramas de fase dos sistemas LiF - BiF3 e NaF - BiF3." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-08072013-095337/.
Повний текст джерелаInvestigations of the binary systems LiF-BiF3 and NaF-BiF3 were performed with the objective of clarifying the thermal behavior and phase equilibria of these systems and their intermediary phases, an important requisite for high-quality crystal growth. Several samples in the entire range of compositions (0 to 100 mol% BiF3) of both systems were subjected to experiments of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG), and also of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A few specific compositions were selected for X-ray diffraction to supplement the experimental data. Due to the high vulnerability of BiF3 to oxygen contamination, its volatility and propensity to destroy metal parts upon heating, it was necessary to determine the optimal conditions for thermal analysis before investigating the systems themselves. Phase relations in the system LiF-BiF3 were completely clarified and a phase diagram was calculated and evaluated via the commercial software Factsage. The diagram itself consists in a simple peritectic system in which the only intermediary compound, LiBiF4, decomposes into LiF and a liquid phase. The NaF-BiF3 system could not be completely elucidated and the phase relations in the NaF poor side (> 50% BiF3) are still unknown. In the NaF rich side, however, the possible peritectoid decomposition of the compound NaBiF4 was identified. In both systems X-ray diffraction yielded crystal structures discrepant with the literature for the intermediary phases, LiBiF4, NaBiF4 and a solid solution of NaF and BiF3 called I. The observed structures remain unknown and explanations for the discrepancies were proposed.
Lopian, Tobias. "Characterization of a metal-extracting water-poor microemulsion." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT206/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecycling of rare earths from electronic waste has still not found a significant industrial realization. One reason is the lack of optimized separation procedures due to poor fundamental knowledge on these systems. Due to the chemical and physical similarities of these metals, designing an efficient, adaptive and predictive formulation is still out of scope of possibilities. The supramolecular interpretation of complex-formation in the organic phase has gained an increasing importance in the last years. It is the most promising approach allowing the explanation of diverse phenomena, such as third phase formation and strong signals in small scattering experiments and to revert to methods well known from surfactant science. Our contribution towards a more complete understanding in this matter is the analysis of the electrodynamic behaviour of such phases and the correlation of these findings with the results of self-assembly properties and mass transport in these media.For this study, we specifically designed a reference model, breaking an extraction process down to its four fundamental components: The extractant before extraction (Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, HDEHP), the extractant after extraction (its sodium salt, NaDEHP), toluene as apolar diluent and water. A Gibbs phase prism has been prepared (illustrated in Figure 1), where the z-axis gives the ratio of HDEHP to NaDEHP, representing the development of an extraction. Covering the low frequency-domain, impedance spectroscopy has been the method of choice in order to determine the frequency-dependent conductivity. Using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, we reveal fast dynamic processes at high frequencies. Combined SAXS and SANS measurements have been performed to compare the electrodynamic trends with aggregation properties and intercluster interactions.Two phenomena have been identified to be responsible for the conductivity profile in reverse micellar systems: the formation of charged aggregates through dismutation and percolation. Throughout the reference system, these two processes have been probed as function of three variables: total extractant concentration, the water-to-surfactant ratio and the Na:H-ratio. As a major result, water plays a significant role in both processes. In case of percolation, reverse aggregates are not able to merge in the absence of water. Therefore, electrical conductivity is prohibited. In dilute systems, water facilitates the dismutation–process leading to an increase in conductivity
Lutsyk, V. I., and V. P. Vorobeva. "Reasons for Contradiction of T-X-Y Diagram Au-Bi-Sb in “Atlas of Phase Diagrams for Lead-Free Soldering”." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35472.
Повний текст джерелаVu, Tuong-Dan. "Etude des diagrammes de phases ternaires La2O3 - Nb2O5 - (W/Mo)O3 et exploration des propriétés de conduction ionique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1024/document.
Повний текст джерелаLa2Mo2O9, the first compound in the LAMOX family, is interesting for its applications as electrolytes in fuel cells because it presents a high ionic conductivity. It was discovered during the investigation of La2O3 - MoO3phase diagram. That shows the important role of phase diagram study in the discovery of new materials which has become a major objective of many solid chemists.In this concept, two ternary phase diagrams of La2O3-Nb2O5-WO3 and La2O3-Nb2O5-MoO3 were explored and analyzed for the first time using the solid-state synthesis. The structures of the obtained samples were characterized by the powder X-ray and neutron diffraction and by the transmission electronic microscopy. Besides, their electric properties were tested by the complex impedance spectroscopy onsintered pellets.As results, most of the mono-, bi-, tri-phase zones in the title phase diagrams have been defined. Particularly, during the phase-diagram investigation, the structures of two new phases La3NbWO10 and La5NbMo2O16 were ab-initio resolved. Firstly, the La3NbWO10 cell is asuperstructure of a fluorine (2aF*2aF*2aF) with the lengthened c axis. Considering the La18Nb6W62O604(Z = 6) formulation, we can easily note that the structure presents 2 types of defaults: cationic and anionic vacancies. Secondly, the La5NbMo2O16 phase is isotype of Pr5Mo3O16 compound. Its cell is also a fluorine superstruture. It crystallized in a cubic system (a = 11.22Å) with the space group Pn n. The compound is promising because it presents an oxygen conductivity comparable to that of La2Mo2O9 at low temperature
Charbonnier, Patrick. "Étude des relations entre les propriétés physico-chimiques d'une émulsion et son pouvoir lubrifiant." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10514.
Повний текст джерелаLamoureux, Guillaume. "Diagrammes de phases thermiques des cristaux liquides en colonnes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35738.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTABARY, PATRICK. "Etude du diagramme de phases al#2o#3-aln." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112219.
Повний текст джерелаHarfouche, Lina. "Criblage de l'état solide chiral et diagrammes de phases." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR007.
Повний текст джерелаMany active pharmaceutical ingredients are chiral compounds. The two enantiomers of the corresponding molecules exhibit identical chemical and physical properties, but the desired biological activity is often provided by only one enantiomer. The strict regulations forced the pharmaceutical industry to develop new ways to produce pure enantiomers. Among separation methods, Preferential Crystallization (PC), is a technique with relatively high productivity and low cost. It consists of the out-of-equilibrium alternative crystallization of both enantiomers. It is thought that the application of PC is only possible when the enantiomers crystallize as a conglomerate, i.e. a physical mixture of homochiral particles. Yet, only ca 5-10% of the racemic species crystallize as a conglomerate, which strongly limits the applicability of PC. The work investigates how to perform PC in the remaining 90-95% of cases, for enantiomers crystallizing as racemic compounds, i.e. a 1:1 stoichiometric compound made with both enantiomers. Following an adequate screening procedure based on physico chemical and molecular considerations, one racemic chiral molecule was selected as model compound, namely “proxyphylline” (PXL). After the construction of the binary phase diagram between the enantiomer of PXL reveals a rich polymorphism (double polymorphism for enantiomer and racemic), PXL has been resolved by two approaches: (a) via an unforeseen metastable conglomerate, by inhibiting the spontaneous crystallization and growth of the undesired forms and by achieving a wide metastable zone width due to the selection of a suitable solvent. The obtained results extend the applicability of PC to the racemic forming system with specific thermodynamic (melting temperature) and kinetic (wide metastability) characteristics. (b) via a stable monohydrated conglomerate prepared by cocrystallization with salicylic acid. It was resolved by PC from a water/ethanol mixture with high productivity. This may be the first report of PC applied to such a cocrystal system
El, abbadi Jamal. "Etude des propriétés thermodynamiques des nouveaux fluides frigorigènes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM089/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe knowledge of the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of fluorinated compounds is essential for the design and optimization of thermodynamic systems. There are many applications: refrigeration, organic Rankine cycle (ORC), heat pump, and air conditioning systems. Due to the environmental constraints (F-gaz for the EU) related to the fact that the fluids being used must be harmless to the ozone layer, but also with a low global warming potential (GWP CO2 = 1 reference value), the chemists must develop new molecules responding to these constraints. Today, they have developed fluids called HFOs whose most famous is the HFO1234yf, with a low GWP (4), along with his isomers HFO1234ze and HFO1234zd. If the pure fluid is not suitable for the applications, blends should be developed instead. The objective of these theses is to study several HFOs, in pure compounds and mixtures and develop / compare thermodynamic models in order to predict the phase diagram and density of these fluids. These models should be transferable to industry. The CTP has several equipments to acquire experimental data. The vibrating-tube densimeter will be used to acquire density data, and equilibrium cell (static-analytic method) to acquire liquid-vapor equilibrium data. The cubic equations of state will be used for data treatment. A new equation of state more accurate for density prediction will be presented. A comparison in terms of phase diagrams and density prediction will be carried out
Azzaoui, Mouhsine. "Modélisation des liquides métalliques ternaires pour le calcul des diagrammes d'équilibre à partir des mesures thermodynamiques ciblées : systèmes tests : (Pb, Sn, Sb), (Pb, Sn, Bi), (Pb, Sn, Ca)." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10032.
Повний текст джерелаPaes, César [UNESP]. "Transições de fases estruturais do sistema PZT, estudados por espectroscopia no infravermelho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92009.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar, através de investigações de espectros no infravermelho (FTIR), as transições de fases estruturais do sistema ferroelétrico titanato zirconato de chumbo, PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT) no Contorno de Fase Morfotrópico (Morphotropic Phase Boundary, conhecido como MPB), região em que as propriedades elétricas desse material são máximas. Foram analisadas as soluções sólidas PbZr0,53Ti0,47O3 e PbZr0,54Ti0,46O3, que à temperatura ambiente encontram-se no interior do MPB e PbZr0,55Ti0,45O3, composição no limite da região do MPB, entre a fase monoclínica e a fase romboédrica, região ainda não bem definida e sob intensa investigação. Estudos estão centrados na freqüência e na meia largura dos modos stretching nos octaedros (BO6) da estrutura perovskita (ABO3) em função da temperatura. Anomalias encontradas para amostras com 47 e 46 mol % de PbTiO3 sugerem as transições da fase monoclínica de baixa para alta temperatura ( LT M F ? HT M F ), da fase monoclínica de alta temperatura para a coexistência da fase monoclínica com a fase tetragonal ( M F ? M F + T F ), e da coexistência da fase monoclínica com a tetragonal para a fase cúbica ( M F + T F ? C F ). Na amostra com 45 mol % de PbTiO3 foram encontradas anomalias que podem também estar associadas às transições de fases, mas que não foram possíveis de serem identificadas nas fases envolvidas.
The present work studies, through investigations of the spectra in infrared (FTIR), the transitions of structural phases of the ferroelectric system lead zirconate titanate, PbZr1- xTixO3 (PZT), in the Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB), region where the electrical properties of this material are at its maxiumun. We analyzed the solid solutions PbZr0,53Ti0,47O3 and PbZr0,54Ti0,46O3, which at room temperature are found within the MPB and also the composition PbZr0,55Ti0,45O3, that is located on the limit of the MPB - between the monoclinic and the rhombohedral phases - a not-yet defined region under intense investigation. Studies are concentrating on frequency and half width of the stretching modes in octahedrons (BO6) of the perovskite structure (ABO3) regarding temperature. Anomalies found in samples with 47 and 46 mol % of PbTiO3 suggest transitions in the monoclinic phase from low to high temperature ( LT M F ? HT M F ), from monoclinic phase of high temperature to the coexistence between the monoclinic phase with the tetragonal phase ( M F ? M F + T F ), and the coexistence between the monoclinic phase with tetragonal for the cubic phase ( M F + T F ? C F ). In the sample with 45 % mol of PbTiO3 we have found anomalies that can also be associated with phase transitions. Such transitions have not been possible to identify during the stages of this work.
Paes, César. "Transições de fases estruturais do sistema PZT, estudados por espectroscopia no infravermelho /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92009.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Victor Ciro Solano Reynoso
Banca: Sebastião William da Silva
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar, através de investigações de espectros no infravermelho (FTIR), as transições de fases estruturais do sistema ferroelétrico titanato zirconato de chumbo, PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT) no Contorno de Fase Morfotrópico (Morphotropic Phase Boundary, conhecido como MPB), região em que as propriedades elétricas desse material são máximas. Foram analisadas as soluções sólidas PbZr0,53Ti0,47O3 e PbZr0,54Ti0,46O3, que à temperatura ambiente encontram-se no interior do MPB e PbZr0,55Ti0,45O3, composição no limite da região do MPB, entre a fase monoclínica e a fase romboédrica, região ainda não bem definida e sob intensa investigação. Estudos estão centrados na freqüência e na meia largura dos modos stretching nos octaedros (BO6) da estrutura perovskita (ABO3) em função da temperatura. Anomalias encontradas para amostras com 47 e 46 mol % de PbTiO3 sugerem as transições da fase monoclínica de baixa para alta temperatura ( LT M F ? HT M F ), da fase monoclínica de alta temperatura para a coexistência da fase monoclínica com a fase tetragonal ( M F ? M F + T F ), e da coexistência da fase monoclínica com a tetragonal para a fase cúbica ( M F + T F ? C F ). Na amostra com 45 mol % de PbTiO3 foram encontradas anomalias que podem também estar associadas às transições de fases, mas que não foram possíveis de serem identificadas nas fases envolvidas.
Abstract: The present work studies, through investigations of the spectra in infrared (FTIR), the transitions of structural phases of the ferroelectric system lead zirconate titanate, PbZr1- xTixO3 (PZT), in the Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB), region where the electrical properties of this material are at its maxiumun. We analyzed the solid solutions PbZr0,53Ti0,47O3 and PbZr0,54Ti0,46O3, which at room temperature are found within the MPB and also the composition PbZr0,55Ti0,45O3, that is located on the limit of the MPB - between the monoclinic and the rhombohedral phases - a not-yet defined region under intense investigation. Studies are concentrating on frequency and half width of the stretching modes in octahedrons (BO6) of the perovskite structure (ABO3) regarding temperature. Anomalies found in samples with 47 and 46 mol % of PbTiO3 suggest transitions in the monoclinic phase from low to high temperature ( LT M F ? HT M F ), from monoclinic phase of high temperature to the coexistence between the monoclinic phase with the tetragonal phase ( M F ? M F + T F ), and the coexistence between the monoclinic phase with tetragonal for the cubic phase ( M F + T F ? C F ). In the sample with 45 % mol of PbTiO3 we have found anomalies that can also be associated with phase transitions. Such transitions have not been possible to identify during the stages of this work.
Mestre
Ficheux, Marie-Françoise. "Etude de systèmes mixtes polymère / tensioactif en phases organisées : diagrammes de phases et interactions." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10624.
Повний текст джерелаButt, M. Taqi Zahid. "Study of gold-based alloy phase diagrams." Thesis, Brunel University, 1990. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7389.
Повний текст джерелаLam, Ka Wing. "Pharmaceutical salt formation guided by phase diagrams /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CBME%202009%20LAM.
Повний текст джерелаZappia, Michael Joseph. "Electrochemical phase diagrams for aqueous redox systems." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054840226.
Повний текст джерелаTarnawski, Maciej. "Asymptotic phase diagrams for lattice spin systems." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53610.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Ignat, Cristina Mihaela. "Compatibilité et co-structuration dans des systèmes contenant des scléroprotéines et des polysaccharides." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3017/document.
Повний текст джерелаObtaining "cyto-favourable" substrates able to support tissue regeneration leads to use biomaterials holding cellular recognition domains, as scleroproteins and some polysaccharides as examples. Cellules membranes specific to conjunctive tissues have mechanisms making easier the anchoring to solid or gel substrates where macromolecules or fibrils of (aceto)collagen, associated or not to hyaluronic acid, are found. Such substrates may be generated using spontaneous molecular gathering (as in native collagen restructuration to fibrils), or physico-chemically induced (as the preparation of mixed hydrogels then transformed in cryo- or vitri-gels). In this thesis, were studied the obtaining and purification of bio-macromolecular presursors necessary to obtaining "cyto-favourable" substrates, and the procedures to generate and characterize them. Used restructuration methods are of physico-chemical nature (controlled co-precipitation in binary and ternary mixtures of acetocollagen and sodium hyaluronate) or chemical one (crosslinking).The mixture of acetocolagen (aK) with two polysaccharides, sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal) and gellan were investigated. Formulations and optimal conditions were established to obtain hydrogels with controlled rheological characteristics, and reactivity and morphology able to allow fibroplast fixation and proliferation. Hydrogels and cryogels prepared from 5:1 aK:NaHyal crosslinked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether were defined as the best materials we have prepared. They do not show any cytotoxicity and they ensure the cellular viability within standard cellule culture media. The cryogel morphology shows macro-porosity depending on the formulation but a few on the obtaining process. The presence of gellan in the mixtures leads to a phase separation, even at low concentration
Mascaro, Aurore. "Étude expérimentale et thermodynamique du système Zr-Er-H." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1150.
Повний текст джерелаThis work at CEA is being achieved in the framework of the development of an innovating concept including the neutronic solid burnable poison, such as erbium, inside the cladding of pressurized water reactors. These new claddings are constituted by a liner of a zirconium base alloy slightly enriched in erbium between two liners of industrial zirconium alloys. Into the reactor core, the water dissociates at the surface of the cladding. So it is interesting to evaluate the interactions between the hydrogen released and the Zr-Er alloy. To do so, the Er-H-Zr ternary system has to be determined such similarly to its associated binaries. This can be done by experimental determination and by thermodynamic modelling. Both techniques were used in this work. Er-Zr and H-Zr have already been studied experimentally and modelled, but the Er-H binary system is almost unknown. So, we studied it experimentally. Then, it has been modelled using the Calphad method. We obtain a new evaluation of the Er-H binary system with phases limits rather different than what has been proposed in the literature. In order to determine the phase limits and, the potential existence of a ternary compound in the Er-H-Zr ternary system, an experimental study has been carried out. An original technique has been used to obtain the chemical compositions: ERDA combined with RBS. In this study, we propose a new isothermal section at 350°C of the Er H-Zr ternary system. About the modelling, the compatibility of the three modelled binaries has been checked in order to optimize the ternary system by the projection of the three binaries. The calculation obtained is in good agreement with the experimental isothermal section at 350°C determined in our work. Finally, uniaxial tensile test campaigns have been conducted to evaluate the impact of erbium and/or hydrogen on the mechanical properties of an industrial zirconium pure alloy. We evidenced a hardening effect of erbium and hydrogen but these effects are not correlated. None of these results is prohibitive for the use of this Er Zr alloy as a liner in the triplex concept
Ben, Hassine Bacem. "Polymorphisme, dynamique et transitions de phases dans les dérivés de l'adamantane." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0056/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the study of the polymorphism, dynamics and phases transitions of five adamantane derivatives : 1-fluoroadamantane, 1-adamantanemethanol, 1,3-dimethyladamantane, 1,3-dibromoadamantane and 1,3-adamantanediol.Pressure-Temperature phase diagrams have been established for the majority of these derivatives. These materials may have one or more phase transitions. Plastic phases are observed before melting for 1-fluoroadamantane, 1,3-dimethyladamantane and 1,3-adamantanediol.The structures of all the non plastic phases have been solved, mainly from powder X-ray diffraction patterns. It is shown that 1,3-dibromoadamantane and 1,3-dimethyladamantane structures are ordered. Statistical disorder concerning the occupation of the site of one atom has been revealed in the other structures. The fluorine atom in 1-fluoroadamantane has four (phase III and II) or eight (phase I) possible equivalent sites. Due to the crystal symmetry of 1-adamantanemethanol (phase I ) and 1,3-adamantanediol (phase II), the hydrogen atom related to the oxygen atom is spitted on two sites.Two mechanisms of continuous order-disorder transitions through a group-subgroup relationship have been shown for the case of 1-fluoroadamantane and 1-adamantanemethanol using complementary experimental techniques (DSC, XRD, RAMAN, SHG ...). The order parameter of the transition results, by a continuous variation of the orientation of the C-F dipole for the first and, for the second, the continuous variation of the beta monoclinic angle down to 90°.Molecular dynamics in the case of 1-fluoroadamantane has been studied using dielectric spectroscopy. We have highlighted the existence of a double relaxation associated with two movements of reorientations compatible with the network and the symmetry
Sterpetti, Edoardo. "Phase diagram and fluctuations in two dimensional space charge doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS100.
Повний текст джерелаThe phase diagram of hole-doped high critical temperature superconductors as a function of doping and temperature has been intensively studied with chemical variation of doping. Chemical doping can provoke structural changes and disorder, masking intrinsic effects. Alternatively, electrostatically doped ultra-thin samples can be used through Field-Effect Transistor (FET) devices. The electrostatic modulation of charge carrier density in 2D materials is an elegant and clean approach that presents many technological challenges when high temperature superconductors are concerned. In this thesis we overcome these technological obstacles by using proprietary techniques developed in our laboratory for the study of 2D materials, and we focus on the high temperature superconductor BSCCO-2212, whose phase diagram has so far never been studied via electrostatic effect. Notably we fabricate ultra-thin high quality superconducting BSCCO-2212 devices and use an original electrostatic method called space charge doping to measure transport characteristics from 330~K to low temperature. We extract parameters and characteristic temperatures over a large doping range and establish a comprehensive phase diagram for one-unit-cell-thick BSCCO-2212 samples as a function of doping, temperature and disorder. We also identify the critical doping range where a quantum phase transition is predicted. Finally we take a closer look at the superconducting transition in the two dimensional limit. Fluctuations and extrinsic effects are accounted for using appropriate theoretical formalism and the two dimensional character of the superconducting transition of BSCCO-2212 is analysed
Laanait, Lahoussine. "Etude du modèle de Potts : (Diagramme de phases, tensions superficielles, boucle de Wilson)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11084.
Повний текст джерелаBrisset, Nicolas. "Etude physico-chimique et des propriétés électroniques de composés uranifères binaires et ternaires dans les systèmes U-Si-B et U-Pt-Si." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S135/document.
Повний текст джерелаTwo main research axes were defined for this Ph-D work : (i) studying the effect of light elements (B, C) on the stability of U-Si compounds, and (ii) identifying and physically characterizing new phases in the U-Pt-Si system. Minor additions of carbon and boron in U-Si samples revealed that the formation of U₅Si₄ would be correlated to the presence of these light elements, questioning its existence in the U-Si system. To evaluate the boron potential as a stimulant for non-metallic light elements of the second period (C, N, O), the isothermal section of the ternary phase diagram U-Si-B has been drawn at 927 °C, disclosing solid equilibrium mainly between the U-B and U-Si binary axes and the existence of the novel compound U₂₀Si₁₆B₃, isostructural to the carbon equivalent one. These results suggest a specific behavior for a given light element on the U-Si phase relations. The isothermal section at 900 °C of the U-Pt-Si ternary system was experimentally determined, leading to the discovery of 14 new phases, among which U₃Pt₄Si₆, U₃Pt₆Si₄ and U₃Pt7Si crystallized in their own structural type. As a prerequisite for this study, the phase relations in the U-Pt binary phase diagram were re-examined for the composition range 30 at.% and 70 at.% Pt, leading to a new assessment of the phase diagram which comprises the new U₃Pt₄ compound . The temperature of the transformations has been measured by DTA. By coupling our experimental results to the literature data, a modeling of the phase diagram by the Calphad method was performed. Physical characterizations of the new U₃Pt₄ compound revealed a moderate heavy fermion behavior, with ferromagnetic ordering below Tc = 7(1) K. As a side project, a study of the U₃TGe₅ family with the anti-Hf₅CuSn₃ structural type lead to the discovery of nine new compounds for T = V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta and W in addition to the previously reported U₃TiGe₅. Their magnetic and electronic properties were evaluated, disclosing moderate heavy-fermion compounds, with behavior evolving with valence electron count of the transition metal. For T = Ti, V compounds, correlation between spin and charge density waves are suspected below the magnetic ordering temperature