Статті в журналах: "Diagnostic agent"

1

YOKOSUKA, Masahiro, and Kei TAKEBAYASHI. "Diagnostic Agent." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 72, no. 2 (1999): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.72.115.

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&NA;. "Diagnostic agent pulled from market." Nursing 36, no. 2 (February 2006): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200602000-00022.

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3

Hamdi, Abdullah, Matthias Mueller, and Bernard Ghanem. "SADA: Semantic Adversarial Diagnostic Attacks for Autonomous Applications." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 10901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6722.

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One major factor impeding more widespread adoption of deep neural networks (DNNs) is their lack of robustness, which is essential for safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving. This has motivated much recent work on adversarial attacks for DNNs, which mostly focus on pixel-level perturbations void of semantic meaning. In contrast, we present a general framework for adversarial attacks on trained agents, which covers semantic perturbations to the environment of the agent performing the task as well as pixel-level attacks. To do this, we re-frame the adversarial attack problem as learning a distribution of parameters that always fools the agent. In the semantic case, our proposed adversary (denoted as BBGAN) is trained to sample parameters that describe the environment with which the black-box agent interacts, such that the agent performs its dedicated task poorly in this environment. We apply BBGAN on three different tasks, primarily targeting aspects of autonomous navigation: object detection, self-driving, and autonomous UAV racing. On these tasks, BBGAN can generate failure cases that consistently fool a trained agent.

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Tsolekile, Ncediwe, Simphiwe Nelana, and Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi. "Porphyrin as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agent." Molecules 24, no. 14 (July 23, 2019): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142669.

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The synthesis and application of porphyrins has seen a huge shift towards research in porphyrin bio-molecular based systems in the past decade. The preferential localization of porphyrins in tumors, as well as their ability to generate reactive singlet oxygen and low dark toxicities has resulted in their use in therapeutic applications such as photodynamic therapy. However, their inherent lack of bio-distribution due to water insolubility has shifted research into porphyrin-nanomaterial conjugated systems to address this challenge. This has broadened their bio-applications, viz. bio-sensors, fluorescence tracking, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging to photo-immuno-therapy just to highlight a few. This paper reviews the unique theranostic role of porphyrins in disease diagnosis and therapy. The review highlights porphyrin conjugated systems and their applications. The review ends by bringing current challenges and future perspectives of porphyrin based conjugated systems and their respective applications into light.

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&NA;. "Diagnostic agent tested for anticancer effect." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 932 (April 1994): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409320-00025.

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Ekladious, Adel, Luke P. Wheeler, and Mai Yamanaka. "Gastrografin: a diagnostic and therapeutic agent." Internal Medicine Journal 48, no. 12 (December 2018): 1547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.14125.

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Attique, Isma, Shabbir Hussain, Muhammad Amjad, Khalida Nazir, and Muhammad Shahid Nazir. "The Therapeutic and Diagnostic Value of Fluorine." Scientific Inquiry and Review 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir.41.02.

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Fluorine has a useful positron transmitting isotope and it enjoys broad application in the medical field. It is utilized in fluorinated agents,therapeutic sciences and steroid field. Fluorine incorporation viafluoroalkylation is a useful approach in the development of new functional materials and in drug design. Fluorine also plays its role as an anticancer agent and is a successful chemotherapeutic agent for certain sorts of malignant growth. 5-fluorouracil plays a vital role in the treatment of cancer. 18 Facts as a radio label tracer atom in PET imaging. 19 F has the second most sensitive and stable NMR-active nucleus.

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8

Dowdeswell, Barry, Roopak Sinha, and Stephen G. MacDonell. "Architecting an Agent-Based Fault Diagnosis Engine for IEC 61499 Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems." Future Internet 13, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13080190.

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IEC 61499 is a reference architecture for constructing Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS). However, current function block development environments only provide limited fault-finding capabilities. There is a need for comprehensive diagnostic tools that help engineers identify faults, both during development and after deployment. This article presents the software architecture for an agent-based fault diagnostic engine that equips agents with domain-knowledge of IEC 61499. The engine encourages a Model-Driven Development with Diagnostics methodology where agents work alongside engineers during iterative cycles of design, development, diagnosis and refinement. Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) was used to propose the architecture to capture fault telemetry directly from the ICPS. A Views and Beyond Software Architecture Document presents the architecture. The Architecturally-Significant Requirement (ASRs) were used to design the views while an Architectural Trade-off Analysis Method (ATAM) evaluated critical parts of the architecture. The agents locate faults during both early-stage development and later provide long-term fault management. The architecture introduces dynamic, low-latency software-in-loop Diagnostic Points (DPs) that operate under the control of an agent to capture fault telemetry. Using sound architectural design approaches and documentation methods, coupled with rigorous evaluation and prototyping, the article demonstrates how quality attributes, risks and architectural trade-offs were identified and mitigated early before the construction of the engine commenced.

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Kang, Hyo-Jin, Jae Young Lee, and Jeong Min Lee. "The Principle of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound and the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Korean Journal of Abdominal Radiology 6, no. 1 (July 15, 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52668/kjar.2022.00129.

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a specialized ultrasound performed with microbubble contrast agents. It is valuable for characterizing hepatic lesions without renal toxicity or radiation hazard. This review provides up-to-date practical knowledge of CEUS to make the interpretation of CEUS more accurate and clinically relevant. It includes the principle of CEUS, comparison of two kinds of contrast agents (the pure blood-pool agent and the Kupffer agent), diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma, and its role in the diagnostic algorithms.

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10

Thompson, Cheryl A. "New diagnostic agent approved for lymphatic mapping." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 70, no. 8 (April 15, 2013): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/news130027.

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Kubodera, Akiko, Touichi Tanaka, and Yukimichi Komori. "Diagnostic agent for breast cancer or tumor." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part B. Nuclear Medicine and Biology 17, no. 4 (January 1990): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2897(90)90124-j.

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12

Nieves, Juan Carlos, Helena Lindgren, and Ulises Cortés. "Agent-Based Reasoning in Medical Planning and Diagnosis Combining Multiple Strategies." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 23, no. 01 (February 2014): 1440004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213014400041.

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Medical reasoning describes a form of qualitative inquiry that examines the cognitive (thought) processes involved in making medical decision. In this field the goal for diagnostic reasoning is assessing causes of observed conditions in order to make informed choices about treatment. In order to design a diagnostic reasoning method we merge ideas from a hypothetic-deductive method and the Domino model. In this setting, we introduce the so called Hypothetic-Deductive-Domino (HD-D) algorithm. In addition, a multi-agent approach is presented, which takes advantage of the HD-D algorithm for illuminating different standpoints in a diagnostic reasoning and assessment process, and for reaching a well-founded conclusion. This multi-agent approach is based on the so called Observer and Validating agents. The Observer agents are supported by a deductive inference process and the Validating agents are supported by an abductive inference process. The knowledge bases of these agents are captured by a class of possibilistic logic programs. Hence, these agents are able to deal with qualitative information. The approach is illustrated by a real scenario from diagnosing dementia diseases.

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13

BENNOUI, HAMMADI, ALLAOUA CHAOUI, and KAMEL BARKAOUI. "ON STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF INTERACTING BEHAVIORAL PETRI NETS FOR DISTRIBUTED CAUSAL MODEL-BASED DIAGNOSIS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, no. 07 (November 2012): 1523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112500220.

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This paper deals with the problem of distributed causal model-based diagnosis on interacting Behavioral Petri Nets (BPNs). The system to be diagnosed comprises different interacting subsystems (each modeled as a BPN) and the diagnostic system is defined as a multi-agent system where each agent is designed to diagnose a particular subsystem on the basis of its local model, the local received observation and the information exchanged with the neighboring agents. The interactions between subsystems are captured by tokens that may pass from one net model to another via bordered places. The diagnostic reasoning scheme is accomplished locally within each agent by analyzing the P-invariants of the corresponding BPN model. Once local diagnoses are obtained, agents begin to communicate to ensure that such diagnoses are consistent and recover completely the results obtained by a centralized agent having a global view about the whole system.

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14

Ponsiglione, Alfonso Maria, Maria Russo, and Enza Torino. "Glycosaminoglycans and Contrast Agents: The Role of Hyaluronic Acid as MRI Contrast Enhancer." Biomolecules 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10121612.

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A comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) combined with imaging or therapeutic agents can be a key factor for the rational design of drug delivery and diagnostic systems. In this work, physical and thermodynamic phenomena arising from the complex interplay between GAGs and contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been explored. Being an excellent candidate for drug delivery and diagnostic systems, Hyaluronic acid (HA) (0.1 to 0.7%w/v) has been chosen as a GAG model, and Gd-DTPA (0.01 to 0.2 mM) as a relevant MRI contrast agent. HA samples crosslinked with divinyl sulfone (DVS) have also been investigated. Water Diffusion and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry studies demonstrated that the interaction between HA and Gd-DTPA can form hydrogen bonds and coordinate water molecules, which plays a leading role in determining both the polymer conformation and the relaxometric properties of the contrast agent. This interaction can be modulated by changing the GAG/contrast agent molar ratio and by acting on the organization of the polymer network. The fine control over the combination of GAGs and imaging agents could represent an enormous advantage in formulating novel multifunctional diagnostic probes paving the way for precision nanomedicine tools.

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15

Shinde, Yogita B., and Sanket Kore. "A Review on Mucormycosis with recent pharmacological treatment." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 3-S (June 22, 2021): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i3-s.4844.

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Mucormycosis is antifungal eye infection difficult to manage this infection with limited use of diagnostic tool and therapeutic option, but previous literature studied diagnostic strategies and evaluate the potency of antifungal agent as a treatment option. Mucormycosis was difficult to study on imaging studies. Surgery plus antifungal therapy of high dose yields greater survival rates. Mucorales are most widely resisted to the used as an antifungal agent. Amphotericin -B were kept for de-escalation refractory therapy whereas, patient’s intolerant to Amphotericin B. Keywords: Mucormycosis, amphotericin, antifungal agents

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16

Chen, Haifeng, and Yuan Hu. "Molecular Diagnostic Methods for Detection and Characterization of Human Noroviruses." Open Microbiology Journal 10, no. 1 (April 14, 2016): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801610010078.

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Human noroviruses are a group of viral agents that afflict people of all age groups. The viruses are now recognized as the most common causative agent of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis and foodborne viral illness worldwide. However, they have been considered to play insignificant roles in the disease burden of acute gastroenteritis for the past decades until the recent advent of new and more sensitive molecular diagnostic methods. The availability and application of the molecular diagnostic methods have led to enhanced detection of noroviruses in clinical, food and environmental samples, significantly increasing the recognition of noroviruses as an etiologic agent of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis. This article aims to summarize recent efforts made for the development of molecular methods for the detection and characterization of human noroviruses.

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17

Zhang, Yuan Yuan. "The Enterprise Stratagem Diagnostic System Based on Agent." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 1008–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.1008.

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In order to solve the problem of The Enterprise Stratagem Diagnostic ,the system based on Agent by investigation is proposed. This paper presents the Aglet which is used to develop Agent. It uses diversified mutual mechanism to integrative analysis, studying and implement on logical stratagem diagnostic. The paper concretely declares the Master-Slave design pattern which satisfies the system and the Itinerary which is the intelligent rout arithmetic. The Master-Slave design pattern which is favorable of system development advances the repetition of code. The Itinerary arithmetic promotes the security of system and implements the intelligent of Aglet.

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18

Guracar, Ismayil. "Targeted contrast agent imaging with medical diagnostic ultrasound." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 5 (2010): 3276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3525346.

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19

Khaptanova, N. M., N. M. Andreevskaya, Zh A. Konovalova, N. G. Gefan, S. V. Luk'yanova, A. S. Ostyak, N. N. Kartsev, V. N. Borzenkov, and S. V. Balakhonov. "Obtaining and Efficiency Assessment of Diagnostic Agglutinating Serum for Identifying the Causative Agent of Listeriosis." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology 37 (2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2021.37.43.

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Listeriosis is a saprozoonotic natural anthropurgic infectious disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes, with multiple pathways and factors of its transmission, characterized by pronounced clinical polymorphism from carriage and subclinical to severe generalized forms, meningitis and meningoencephalitis, and high mortality among newborn children and individuals with immunodeficiency. Express diagnostics of listeriosis is based on the use of immuno-chemical (immunodiffusion reaction, enzyme immunoassay) and molecular genetic (polymerase chain reaction) methods. In the practice of laboratory diagnostics, serological methods for the study of listeriosis remain in high demand for verifying the clinical diagnosis. One of the specific, reliable and available serological methods for laboratory diagnostics of causative agents of infectious diseases remains the agglutination test (AT), to conduct which, listeria agglutinating serum is required. Obtaining diagnostic agglutinating listeria serum with a high level of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity will allow timely identification of the pathogen in the test tube AT and on glass, based on the specific interaction of the antigen with the anti-body, with the formation of agglutinate visible to the naked eye. In this study a scheme has been developed for immunization of animal producers to obtain diagnostic listeria agglutinat-ing serum. Evaluation of the clinical efficiency of two series of the serum was carried out based on the indices of diagnostic sensitivity with different serovariants of L. monocytogenes and diagnostic specificity with closely related and heterologous strains in the test tube AT and on glass. During the study of 25 strains of L. monocytogenes serogroups I and II (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c, 7) isolated on the territory of the Russian Federation from various sources (clinical material, food products, wastewater), the serum titer did not differ and amounted to 1:800 in the course of in vitro agglutination reaction; a positive result was obtained on glass in 100% of cases. The assessment of the statistical reliability of the ob-tained test results was at least 89 % with a statistical significance of 95 %, which indicates a high diagnostic efficiency of the serum. In order to establish intra-stage convergence and inter-series reproducibility of studies, two probabilities of binomial distributions were compared. The convergence of staged studies for all positive samples has been proven. Based on the re-sults obtained, listeriosis serum can be used as a medical preparation for in vitro diagnostics of the causative agent of listeriosis.

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Chouhal, O., H. L. Mouss, K. Benaggoune, and R. Mahdaoui. "A Multi-Agent Solution to Distributed Fault Diagnosis of Preheater Cement Cyclone." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 15, no. 04 (September 22, 2016): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686716500153.

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Systems health monitoring is essential to guaranteeing the safe, efficient, and reliable operation of engineering systems. Integrated systems health management methodologies include fault diagnosis mechanism. Diagnosis involves detecting when a fault has occurred, isolating the true fault, and identifying the true damage to the system. This important issue is even harder when the systems to be diagnosed are dynamic and spatially distributed systems with their successively increasing complexity. For such systems, a single diagnostic entity having a model of the whole system approach is inappropriate. Whereas a distributed approach of multiple diagnostic agents can offer a solution. An overall systematic solution for these issues could be obtained by an artificial intelligent mechanism called the multi-agent system (MAS). This paper presents a MAS model for fault diagnosis based on logical theory of diagnosis. In this approach, each local diagnostic agent has knowledge above its subsystem and an abstract view of the neighboring subsystems and it is able to determine the local minimal diagnoses that are consistent with global diagnoses. The multi-agent models are simulated in Java Agent Development Framework and are applied to the preheated cement cyclone in the workshop of SCIMAT clinker.

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Galiullin, Albert K., Iva I. Zadorina, Elmira N. Mustafina, and Timur R. Mustafin. "Development of luminescent serum for diagnostics of animal bacillus anthracix agent." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700024.

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The purpose of the study was to obtain luminescent serum based on highly purified anthracoid globulins to diagnose anthrax agents in animals. To date, there are plenty diagnostic agents that allow rapid and accurate diagnostics of infectious diseases of animals. One of them is the luminescent microscopy of the fluorescent antibody method, which is used as an express method and provides for diagnostics within 3-5 hours. Hyperimmune serum globulins prepared on two types of antigens – protective from strain 55 (VNIIVViM) and capsular from Lange-2 strain at five-fold scheme of introduction of these antigens – were used to make luminescent anthracoid serum. The luminescent serum made on the basis of highly purified anthracoid globulins has a coloring titer (specific activity) of 1:16. When examining the specificity of the obtained luminescent serum in smears from anthrax agent strains, clear fluorescence was observed with more intense luminescence along the periphery of microbial cells.

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22

Caridade, Sónia, Laura Nunes, and Ana Sani. "School Diagnostic: Perceptions of Educational Professionals." Psychology, Community & Health 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2015): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/pch.v4i2.120.

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AimThe school is a privileged context to prevent certain problems that may begin during the development of young students. The main objective is to assess the perceptions of educational professionals about the school structure, functioning, and organization, as well as students’ behaviors.MethodWe developed an exploratory study using a questionnaire, applied to a sample of 81 educational agents, teachers and non-teachers, aged between 25 and 62 years (M = 45.8, SD = 10.6).ResultsDespite the positive perception of the participants about the physical school environment, it is necessary to create spaces for leisure and sport, logistic conditions and multidisciplinary teams in order to maximize the overall good functioning of schools. Adding to this, participants described the participation of parents in the school life as negative; they also identified several disruptive behaviours among students and referred to a general lack of active participation in life school.ConclusionIt is important to create action plans in schools, which should be multimodal and multi-agent in order to have intervention perspectives with connected actions developed by different educational agents.

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23

Negrut, Nicoleta, Shamin A. Khan, Simona Bungau, Dana C. Zaha, Anca A. R. Corb, Ovidiu Bratu, Camelia C. Diaconu, and Florentina Ionita-Radu. "Diagnostic challenges in gastrointestinal infections." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 123, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2020.123.2.1.

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Gastrointestinal infections are among the most common infectious diseases found all over the world, varying depending on the etiological agent. Symptoms usually include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Water and electrolyte imbalance is the main consequence of gastrointestinal infections. Most of them are cured or self-limited in few days, but at the same time, for a specific population such as immunocompromised, elderly patients or new-borns, these infections are potentially severe. In this context, it is very important to identify the etiological agents of acute diarrhea for the appropriate treatment and infection control measures. While routine laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diarrhea still depends largely on microscopic examination of fecal samples, immunological and molecular methods are becoming increasingly commercially available and, in well-resourced settings, will ultimately displace traditional methods. The present paper presents some of the most common and well-known pathologies of this type, being a brief presentation of the variety of gastrointestinal diseases, each with characteristic clinical manifestations and diagnosis.

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24

White, Frances V., and Louis P. Dehner. "Viral Diseases of the Liver in Children: Diagnostic and Differential Diagnostic Considerations." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 7, no. 6 (November 2004): 552–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10024-004-8101-z.

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This review summarizes the general histologic features of acute and chronic hepatitides and highlights those morphologic findings that may suggest or be diagnostic of a specific agent or etiology. The main epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic features of the hepatotropic viruses are discussed, with an emphasis on pediatric studies and the differential diagnosis of hepatitis in childhood.

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25

Badway, S. M., M. A. Fkirin, and E. H. Barakat. "MULTIMODALITY COMPARATIVE STUDY: QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MRI CONTRAST AGENT DOSE REDUCTION." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 28, no. 01 (February 2016): 1650001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237216500010.

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Contrast agents are used in 30–40% of diagnostic MRI scans. These agents are expensive and cause adverse effects in some patients. One way to reduce the amount of contrast agent needed would be to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We hypothesized that pre-magnetizing samples of the paramagnetic contrast agent gadodiamide before scanning would increase the SNR. Samples of gadodiamide in saline were magnetized with a permanent magnet before being placed in a phantom and scanned in either a closed 1.5 T MRI or an open 0.35 T MRI. Samples were scanned 0–5 hours after magnetization. Samples of gadodiamide that had not been magnetized were also scanned. In the 1.5 T instrument, we found an increase in SNR in pre-magnetized samples that was highest three hours after magnetization, up to a 1.8-fold increase at low concentrations of gadodiamide. The improvement in SNR was more modest in the low-field MRI scanner, peaking two hours after magnetization. This relatively simple method has the potential to reduce the amount of contrast agents needed for diagnostic MRI scans.

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Murphey, Y. L., J. A. Crossman, ZhiHang Chen, and J. Cardillo. "Automotive fault diagnosis. II. A distributed agent diagnostic system." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 52, no. 4 (July 2003): 1076–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2003.814236.

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27

Ploix, S., S. Gentil, and S. Lesecq. "Isolation Decision for a Multi-Agent-Based Diagnostic System." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 5 (June 2003): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)36535-7.

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Musa Malgwi, Yusuf, Gregory Maksha Wajiga, and Etemi Joshua Garba. "Multi-Agent Based Diagnostic Model for Breast Tumour Classification." American Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 4, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajdmkd.20190401.11.

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Fadeev, N. P., L. A. Tyutin, N. A. Kostenikov, D. V. Ryjkova, V. Yu Soukhov, V. E. Savello, M. I. Mostova, A. B. Bruskin, and K. S. Pavlenko. "Sodium [1-11C]-butyrate - new diagnostic agent for pet." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 44, S1 (May 2001): S310—S312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.25804401109.

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30

Voelker, Rebecca. "New Diagnostic Agent Detects Tau Pathology in the Brain." JAMA 324, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.11003.

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Liu, Ming Jun, Zhi Hua Huang, and Ben Xing Yang. "Study of Remote Monitoring and Diagnostic System for Transformers Based on Multi-Agent Techniques." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.896.

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The development direction of transformer monitoring and diagnosis is remote and intelligent. But the existing systems have the following problems: lack of diagnostic knowledge and methods, poor flexibility etc. To solve these problems, the architecture of a remote monitoring and diagnostic system for transformers based on multi-agent techniques is presented. On the basis of ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD), core earth current and dissolved gas analysis (DGA), the hierarchical decomposition model is established. The tasks, functions and structure involved in the collaboration agents are defined. Then, the fusion strategy from multi-experts conclusions is proposed based on diagnostic confidence and weights. In final, the system implementation is described. Some functions of the system have been put into service and worked well.

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&NA;. "Diagnostic agent (18 F-FDG): therapeutic potential in breast cancer?" Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1404 (September 2003): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200314040-00011.

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33

Sridhar, S. "Improving diagnostic accuracy using agent-based distributed data mining system." Informatics for Health and Social Care 38, no. 3 (September 7, 2012): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17538157.2012.716110.

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Govorunova, V. A., L. I. Marinin, R. I. Mironova, M. V. Khramov, A. N. Mokrievich, and A. M. Baranov. "Diagnostic Nutrient Media for Isolation and Identification of Anthrax Agent." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2(112) (April 20, 2012): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2012-2(112)-82-84.

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A. Vidhate, Deepak. "Single Agent Learning Algorithms for Decision making in Diagnostic Applications." International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 3, no. 5 (May 25, 2016): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488387/ijcse-v3i5p109.

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36

Magano, T., K. Djouani, AM Kurien, and A. Chibani. "A Fuzzy based Diagnostic Agent for Context Aware Patient Monitoring." Procedia Computer Science 141 (2018): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.174.

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37

Montazemi, Ali Reza, and Kalyan Moy Gupta. "An adaptive agent for case description in diagnostic CBR systems." Computers in Industry 29, no. 3 (August 1996): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3615(96)00006-1.

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38

Krishnan, Sriram. "Contrast agent imaging with destruction pulses in diagnostic medical ultrasound." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 2 (2002): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1506984.

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39

Brandi, Maria Luisa, and Salvatore Minisola. "Calcidiol [25(OH)D3]: from diagnostic marker to therapeutical agent." Current Medical Research and Opinion 29, no. 11 (September 13, 2013): 1565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2013.838549.

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40

Jackson, John I. "Diagnostic medical ultrasound image and system for contrast agent imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, no. 4 (2004): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1738311.

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41

Vincenti, Simona, Alessandro Villa, Daniela Crescenti, Elisabetta Crippa, Electra Brunialti, Fereshteh Shojaei-Ghahrizjani, Nicoletta Rizzi, et al. "Increased Sensitivity of Computed Tomography Scan for Neoplastic Tissues Using the Extracellular Vesicle Formulation of the Contrast Agent Iohexol." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 2766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122766.

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Computed tomography (CT) is a diagnostic medical imaging modality commonly used to detect disease and injury. Contrast agents containing iodine, such as iohexol, are frequently used in CT examinations to more clearly differentiate anatomic structures and to detect and characterize abnormalities, including tumors. However, these contrast agents do not have a specific tropism for cancer cells, so the ability to detect tumors is severely limited by the degree of vascularization of the tumor itself. Identifying delivery systems allowing enrichment of contrast agents at the tumor site would increase the sensitivity of detection of tumors and metastases, potentially in organs that are normally inaccessible to contrast agents, such as the CNS. Recent work from our laboratory has identified cancer patient-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) as effective delivery vehicles for targeting diagnostic drugs to patients’ tumors. Based on this premise, we explored the possibility of introducing iohexol into PDEVs for targeted delivery to neoplastic tissue. Here, we provide preclinical proof-of-principle for the tumor-targeting ability of iohexol-loaded PDEVs, which resulted in an impressive accumulation of the contrast agent selectively into the neoplastic tissue, significantly improving the ability of the contrast agent to delineate tumor boundaries.

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42

Clemens, Robert K., Tim Sebastian, Cindy Kerr, and Ahmad I. Alomari. "Clinical Uses and Short-Term Safety Profile of Ethiodized Poppy Seed Oil Contrast Agent in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Anomalies and Tumors." Diagnostics 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101776.

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Background: There is a sparsity of data on the use of ethiodized poppy seed oil (EPO) contrast agent (Lipiodol) in patients. We investigated the safety of EPO in children, adolescents, and some adults for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Methods: All patients who underwent procedures with EPO between 1995 and 2014 were retrospectively included. Demographic characteristics, diagnosis, dose, route of administration, preparation of EPO in combination with other agents, and complications were recorded. Results: In 1422 procedures, EPO was used for diagnostic or treatment purposes performed in 683 patients. The mean patient age was 13.4 years (range: 2 months–50 years); 58% of patients were female. Venous malformations (n = 402, 58.9%) and arteriovenous malformations (n = 60, 8.8%) were the most common diagnosis. Combined vascular anomalies included capillary–lymphatic–venous malformations, fibroadipose vascular anomalies (n = 54, 7.9%), central conducting lymphatic anomalies (n = 31, 4.5%), lymphatic malformations (n = 24, 3.5%), aneurysmal bone cysts (n = 22, 3.2%), and vascularized tumors (n = 11, 1.6%). In 1384 procedures (96%), EPO was used in various combinations with sclerosing and embolization agents, including sodium tetradecyl sulfate, ethanol, and glue. The mean volume of EPO used in interventions was 3.85 mL (range: 0.1–25 mL) per procedure with a mean patient weight of 45.9 kg (range: 3.7–122.6 kg) and a weight-adjusted dose of 0.12 mL/kg (range: 0.001–1.73 mL/kg). In 56 procedures (4%), EPO was used as a single agent for diagnostic lymphangiography. The mean volume was 4.8 mL (range: 0.3–13 mL) per procedure with a mean patient weight of 27.4 kg (range: 2.4–79.3 kg) and a weight-adjusted dose of 0.2 mL/kg (range: 0.04–0.54 mL/kg). Procedural-related complications occurred in 25 (1.8%) procedures. The 20 minor and 5 major complications were related to the primary treatment agents. None of them were directly related to EPO. No allergic reactions were noted. Conclusion: The use of an ethiodized poppy seed oil contrast agent in children, adolescents, and adults for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes is safe.

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Olson, Nicholas J., and Deborah L. Ornstein. "Factor V Inhibitors: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 141, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 1728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0445-rs.

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Historically, inhibitors to coagulation factor V (FV) most often have developed in patients treated with bovine thrombin, a topical hemostatic agent used during surgical procedures. With the advent of newer hemostatic agents, and the concurrent diminished use of bovine thrombin, the incidence of FV inhibitors has fallen. Nevertheless, FV inhibitors are occasionally seen on an idiopathic basis as well as in association with medications, malignancies, autoimmune disorders, pregnancy, and infections. Factor V inhibitors may present with life-threatening bleeding or thrombosis, or they may be discovered incidentally as a coagulation screening test abnormality. Management of patients with FV inhibitors is challenging and consists of control of bleeding and eradication of the inhibitor. In this short overview we review the role of platelet and plasma FV in hemostasis and discuss the unique characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis associated with FV inhibitors.

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Burrough, Eric R., and Nicholas K. Gabler. "111 Common nutritional and infectious health challenges in nursery pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.115.

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Abstract Poor starting nursery pigs are a common source of frustration for pork producers due to suboptimal lean tissue production and failure to thrive. This is generally a multifactorial issue with potential nutritional, infectious and management contributors. Commonly encountered respiratory and enteric pathogens include porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus (IAV), porcine enteric coronaviruses (TGEV/PEDV/PDCV), and group A, B, and C rotaviruses, as well as Salmonella typhimurium, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Streptococcus suis, and Haemophilus parasuis. Infection with one or more of these agents can ultimately antagonize pig health and performance. However, while these specific pathogens may be causing an observed disease symptom, pigs may have been predisposed to infection due to various management, nutritional, and environmental risk factors. As many of these potential pathogens are endemic in production systems, it is important to remember that simply detecting a potential pathogen within a population is often not sufficient to assign cause for poor growth and production. To help fully interpret the impact of a detected agent, diagnostic efforts should focus on providing proof that the agent is actually causing disease. Molecular detection methods, such as PCR, are increasingly available for common pathogens and have high diagnostic sensitivity but lower diagnostic specificity. This paper will discuss the clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions associated with common nursery pig pathogens, as well as proper sampling and diagnostic testing necessary to detect and confirm disease following infection with these agents.

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45

Kuźnik, Nikodem, and Mateusz Michał Tomczyk. "Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (July 27, 2016): 1086–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.102.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most commonly used tomography techniques in medical diagnosis due to the non-invasive character, the high spatial resolution and the possibility of soft tissue imaging. Contrast agents, such as gadolinium complexes and superparamagnetic iron oxides, are administered to spotlight certain organs and their pathologies. Many new models have been proposed that reduce side effects and required doses of these already clinically approved contrast agents. These new candidates often possess additional functionalities, e.g., the possibility of bioactivation upon action of particular stimuli, thus serving as smart molecular probes, or the coupling with therapeutic agents and therefore combining both a diagnostic and therapeutic role. Nanomaterials have been found to be an excellent scaffold for contrast agents, among which carbon nanotubes offer vast possibilities. The morphology of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), their magnetic and electronic properties, the possibility of different functionalization and the potential to penetrate cell membranes result in a unique and very attractive candidate for a new MRI contrast agent. In this review we describe the different issues connected with MWCNT hybrids designed for MRI contrast agents, i.e., their synthesis and magnetic and dispersion properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo behavior, which is important for diagnostic purposes. An introduction to MRI contrast agent theory is elaborated here in order to point to the specific expectations regarding nanomaterials. Finally, we propose a promising, general model of MWCNTs as MRI contrast agent candidates based on the studies presented here and supported by appropriate theories.

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46

Jarockyte, Greta, Marius Stasys, Vilius Poderys, Kornelija Buivydaite, Marijus Pleckaitis, Danute Bulotiene, Marija Matulionyte, Vitalijus Karabanovas, and Ricardas Rotomskis. "Biodistribution of Multimodal Gold Nanoclusters Designed for Photoluminescence-SPECT/CT Imaging and Diagnostic." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 3259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193259.

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Highly biocompatible nanostructures for multimodality imaging are critical for clinical diagnostics improvements in the future. Combining optical imaging with other techniques may lead to important advances in diagnostics. The purpose of such a system would be to combine the individual advantages of each imaging method to provide reliable and accurate information at the site of the disease bypassing the limitations of each. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate biodistribution of the biocompatible technetium-99m labelled bovine serum albumin–gold nanoclusters (99mTc-BSA-Au NCs) as photoluminescence-SPECT/CT agent in experimental animals. It was verified spectroscopically that radiolabelling with 99mTc does not influence the optical properties of BSA-Au NCs within the synthesized 99mTc-BSA-Au NCs bioconjugates. Biodistribution imaging of the 99mTc-BSA-Au NCs in Wistar rats was performed using a clinical SPECT/CT system. In vivo imaging of Wistar rats demonstrated intense cardiac blood pool activity, as well as rapid blood clearance and accumulation in the kidneys, liver, and urinary bladder. Confocal images of kidney, liver and spleen tissues revealed no visible uptake indicating that the circulation lifetime of 99mTc-BSA-Au NCs in the bloodstream might be too short for accumulation in these tissues. The cellular uptake of 99mTc-BSA-Au NCs in kidney cells was also delayed and substantial accumulation was observed only after 24-h incubation. Based on our experiments, it was concluded that 99mTc-BSA-Au NCs could be used as a contrast agent and shows promise as potential diagnostic agents for bloodstream imaging of the excretory organs in vivo.

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47

Rajabi, Mehdi, Mary Adeyeye, and Shaker A. Mousa. "Peptide-Conjugated Nanoparticles as Targeted Anti-angiogenesis Therapeutic and Diagnostic in Cancer." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 30 (October 26, 2019): 5664–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190620100800.

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:Targeting angiogenesis in the microenvironment of a tumor can enable suppression of tumor angiogenesis and delivery of anticancer drugs into the tumor. Anti-angiogenesis targeted delivery systems utilizing passive targeting such as Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) and specific receptor-mediated targeting (active targeting) should result in tumor-specific targeting. One targeted anti-angiogenesis approach uses peptides conjugated to nanoparticles, which can be loaded with anticancer agents. Anti-angiogenesis agents can suppress tumor angiogenesis and thereby affect tumor growth progression (tumor growth arrest), which may be further reduced with the targetdelivered anticancer agent. This review provides an update of tumor vascular targeting for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, with conventional or long-circulating nanoparticles decorated with peptides that target neovascularization (anti-angiogenesis) in the tumor microenvironment.

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48

Ramanath, Thirumalaimuthu Thirumalaiappan, Md Jakir Hossen, and Md Shohel Sayeed. "Blockchain integrated multi-agent system for breast cancer diagnosis." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i2.pp998-1008.

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<span>The integration of multi-agent system and blockchain technology can be beneficial to healthcare applications by providing intelligent data analysis with security. This paper presents an architecture that integrates multi-agent learning system and blockchain technology to support breast cancer diagnosis in a secured manner. The proposed system is based on a parallel hybrid fuzzy logic approach for supporting the prediction of breast cancer disease. The proposed system showed a classification accuracy of 96.49% in breast cancer diagnosis when testing with the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer dataset. The blockchain is used to provide agent security in the proposed system to ensure that the only trusted and reputed agents are participated in the decision-making process.</span>

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Micalizio, R., and P. Torasso. "Cooperative Monitoring to Diagnose Multiagent Plans." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 51 (September 19, 2014): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4339.

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Diagnosing the execution of a Multiagent Plan (MAP) means identifying and explaining action failures (i.e., actions that did not reach their expected effects). Current approaches to MAP diagnosis are substantially centralized, and assume that action failures are independent of each other. In this paper, the diagnosis of MAPs, executed in a dynamic and partially observable environment, is addressed in a fully distributed and asynchronous way; in addition, action failures are no longer assumed as independent of each other. The paper presents a novel methodology, named Cooperative Weak-Committed Monitoring (CWCM), enabling agents to cooperate while monitoring their own actions. Cooperation helps the agents to cope with very scarcely observable environments: what an agent cannot observe directly can be acquired from other agents. CWCM exploits nondeterministic action models to carry out two main tasks: detecting action failures and building trajectory-sets (i.e., structures representing the knowledge an agent has about the environment in the recent past). Relying on trajectory-sets, each agent is able to explain its own action failures in terms of exogenous events that have occurred during the execution of the actions themselves. To cope with dependent failures, CWCM is coupled with a diagnostic engine that distinguishes between primary and secondary action failures. An experimental analysis demonstrates that the CWCM methodology, together with the proposed diagnostic inferences, are effective in identifying and explaining action failures even in scenarios where the system observability is significantly reduced.

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Zafar, Amna, and Ali Hammad Akber. "Diagnostic Agent Based Inter-Process Communication Aware Monitoring System for Wireless Sensor Networks." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1902.07.

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Process failures are instigated by underlying errors and faults in various layers of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) communication protocol stack. Therefore, efficient and effective monitoring systems for fault detection and diagnosis are imperative for fault tolerance and robust operation of WSN to meet critical application requirements for reliability and throughput. Existing detection-diagnosis regimen are either centralized or distributed and network monitoring is performed passively or actively. This work presents a diagnostic agent based inter-process communication aware monitoring system for WSNs. Diagnostic agent actively performs probe-based process execution tracking and examines the effects of errors, omissions and channel misbehavior on process execution at node, link and network levels to implement failure detection and fault diagnosis. Such diagnosis is performed through the inference of inter-process communication of stacked and peer layer processes on sender and receiver side. The monitoring system has been implemented in Castalia simulator for WSN. Local diagnostic agent is implemented on sensor nodes for self-monitoring and network wide fault diagnosis is performed by global diagnostic agent on cluster head. Simulation results show that the system performs robust root cause analysis of critical process failures due to errors in stacked and peer layer processes. The decentralized distribution of diagnostic load on sensor nodes and cluster head produces lesser communication overhead and is energy efficient.

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