Дисертації з теми "Diabète de type 2 – chirurgie"
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Plourde, Charles-Étienne. "Les mécanismes de résolutions du diabète de type 2 induits par la chirurgie bariatrique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6038.
Maanaoui, Mehdi. "La greffe d'îlots pancréatiques chez le patient diabétique transplanté rénal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS071.pdf.
Pancreatic islet transplantation is an innovative cellular therapy for the management of diabetes in patients with type 1 diabetes. Currently, there are few studies that address the prognostic impact of islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes who have received a kidney transplant or the determinants of transplantation success in this population. Furthermore, the definition of diabetes is evolving, with the dichotomy between type 1 and type 2 diabetes fading in favor of diabetes classifications based on the patient's clinical and biological phenotype. Pancreatic islet transplantation could potentially be expanded to other profiles of patients with diabetes and a kidney transplant, especially if there's evidence of insulin secretion deficiency. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to determine the role of pancreatic islet transplantation in patients with diabetes and a kidney transplant.In the first section, we present the results of a nationwide cohort study assessing the effect of pancreatic islet transplantation following kidney transplantation compared to insulin alone in patients with type 1 diabetes. Islet-after-kidney recipients were matched to control patients using a time-dependent propensity score. After matching, pancreatic islet transplantation is associated with a reduction in the combined risk of death and return to dialysis, as well as the isolated risk of death. This study emphasizes the importance of considering islet transplantation as a full-fledged therapeutic alternative, especially in regions where it is not reimbursed or available.The second section explores the determinants of islet loss of functionality, in particular the repercussions of alloimmunity. The results of a single-center study suggest that preformed DSA and early de novo DSA have little impact on islet transplantation outcomes, but late de novo DSA is temporally associated with impaired metabolic results. No cases of cross-sensitization between pancreatic islets and the underlying kidney in recipients were described, neither in the study nor in the literature.The last section focuses on evaluating the insulin profile in patients with type 2 diabetes and a kidney transplant, through the calculation of HOMA-2 scores, to extract the impact of insulin secretion. Analysis of a single-center retrospective cohort shows an association between insulin resistance evaluated by HOMA-2 and the risk of allograft loss, while insulin secretion was only associated with metabolic balance. However, given the relationship between metabolic balance and the likelihood of death and graft loss in kidney transplant patients with diabetes, pancreatic islet transplantation could be part of the therapeutic arsenal in a personalized medicine approach for these patients.In conclusion, this thesis advocates for personalized diabetes medicine in kidney transplant patients, promoting the integration of pancreatic islet transplantation as a key component in the therapeutic strategy for these individuals
Favennec, Marie. "Etude de la voie des kynurénines dans l'obésité humaine." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S037/document.
Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is either used in protein synthesis or metabolized via the serotonin or the kynurenine pathway. The kynurenine pathway is the main route of tryptophan degradation and generates several metabolites collectively called “kynurenines”. The expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes is induced by inflammatory mediators. Consequently kynurenine synthesis could be induced in individuals with obesity. In fact, obesity is characterized by a chronic low grade inflammation of the adipose tissue reflected by increased serum levels of inflammatory factors which are known to contribute to the development of obesity-induced insulino-resistance. Some metabolites of the kynurenine pathway have been proposed to be risk factors for the development of insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for severe obesity and results in a significant weight loss, a decreased level of inflammatory factors and an amelioration of glucose homeostasis. The first enzyme of the kynurenine pathway, IDO1, is known to be more expressed in the adipose tissue of individuals with obesity compared to lean individuals. The kynurenine over tryptophan ratio reflects the activity of IDO1 and is also increased in individuals with obesity.Our objective was to characterize the expression of the kynurenine pathway enzymes in the adipose tissue of women with severe obesity and to evaluate serum levels of the kynurenine pathway metabolites to determine whether these factors could be associated with the appearance of diabetes. This study was performed in women with severe obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. Then we investigated the consequences of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on levels of circulating kynurenines in order to evaluate whether these variations could explain the improvement in glucose control and type 2 diabetes remission after one year follow-up.In this study, we have shown that several kynurenine pathway enzymes were more expressed in the adipose tissue of women with obesity compared to lean controls. This increase is due to the presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the adipose tissue and also comes from the adipocyte response to inflammatory stimuli. In addition, we observed that the serum level of kynurenine and kynurenine over tryptophan ratio are higher in women with higher BMI and they both decrease one year after bariatric surgery. In addition, we observed that the serum level of kynurenine and kynurenine over tryptophan ratio are higher in women with higher BMI and they both decrease one year after bariatric surgery. As expected, bariatric surgery is associated with the improvement and even the remission of type 2 diabetes. We have shown that higher levels of kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid one year after the surgery are associated respectively with type 2 diabetes remission and better glucose homeostasis and that lower levels of xanthurenic acid are associated with better glucose homeostasis
Arapis, Konstantinos. "Mise au point de modèles précliniques de chirurgie bariatrique chez le rat rendu obèse par un régime hyperlipidique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC086.
Chavez, Talavera Oscar Manuel. "Rôle des acides biliaires dans la physiopathologie de l'obésité, la résistance à l'insuline, le diabète de type 2, la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique et dans le contexte de la chirurgie bariatrique Bile Acid Control of Metabolism and Inflammation in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Bile Acid Alterations in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: What Do the Human Studies Tell?” Bile acids associate with glucose metabolism, but do not predict conversion to diabetes Bile acid alterations are associated with insulin resistance, but not with NASH in obese subjects Roux-en-Y gastric bypass increases systemic but not portal bile acid concentrations by decreasing hepatic bile acid uptake in minipigs The functional relevance of bile acids in the improvement of HDL-mediated endothelial protection after bariatric surgery Metabolic effects of bile acid sequestration: impact on cardiovascular risk factors." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUS057.
In addition to their role in the solubilization of dietary lipids, bile acids are signaling molecules regulating their own metabolism, glucose and lipid homeostasis, energy expenditure, cardiovascular function and inflammation via the activation of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and the Takeda G protein coupled Receptor 5 (TGR5). Indeed, changes in bile acid concentrations are associated with metabolic diseases and therefore they are candidates to participate in the pathophysiology of these diseases or predict their progression.In the first part of this thesis, we studied bile acid changes in the context of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We demonstrated that bile acids are correlated with glucose homeostasis in humans, but that they are not predictors for the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal cohort study.In the second part of this thesis, we studied the bile acids in the context of bariatric surgery. Our results showed that bariatric surgery reduces the hepatic recapture of certain bile acids, causing them to increase in the systemic circulation. Additionally, we showed that it is not the bile limb but the common limb the one responsible for metabolic changes after bariatric surgery in the minipig. Finally, we showed in humans that bile acids linked to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) increase after bariatric surgery, and that this increase is correlated with the restoration of their vasoprotective functions
Goncalves, Daisy. "Biodisponibilité de la bile et effets bénéfiques des chirurgies bariatriques de type by-pass." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10171/document.
Gastric bypass procedures have emerged as an effective treatment for morbid obese diabetic patientssince they provoke a rapid remission of diabetes before any weight loss has occurred. Patients also report adisinterest in high calorie food. A suggested mechanism associated a decrease in hepatic glucose production toan enhanced intestinal gluconeogenesis. Bile acids, described as inhibitors of gluconeogenesis, see theirbioavailability changed after these procedures. Indeed, they are absent in the alimentary limb while theirplasmatic concentration is increased. We therefore tested the hypothesis that plasma bile acids may inhibithepatic glucose production while their absence in the gut could induce intestinal gluconeogenesis.For this, we performed bile diversions matching the modified biliary flow occurring after gastric bypassprocedures. We showed that bile diversions lead to an increase in plasma bile acids. Bile diversions promote ablunting in hepatic glucose production whereas intestinal gluconeogenesis is increased in gut segments devoidof bile. Moreover, the modification of bile routing per se improves glucose control and dramatically decreasefood intake due to an acquired disinterest in fatty food. This data shows that bile routing modification is a keymechanistic feature in the beneficial outcomes of gastric bypass procedures
Spinelli, Valeria. "Les acides biliaires et la régulation de l’homéostasie métabolique : rôle du récepteur Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) dans la cellule bêta-pancréatique : variation du pool des acides biliaires et chirurgie bariatrique Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S054.
Bile acids (BAs) are molecules produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, secreted into the intestine and returning to the liver via the enterohepatic circulation. A fraction of BAs escapes the reuptake by the liver and enters the systemic circulation, by which they reach the peripheral organs including the pancreas. Besides their function in facilitating the intestinal absorption of lipids, BAs are signaling molecules that act through receptors for BAs, which are expressed in the key tissues for metabolic regulation, and whose modulation by BAs contribute to regulate energy homeostasis. Thus, variations in the composition of the BAs pool determine the modulation of metabolism via their receptors. The BA-receptor Farnesoid-X receptor (FXR) is involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid and BA metabolism by its action in the liver, intestine, adipose tissue and pancreas. Whole body FXR deficient mice are glucose intolerant and insulin resistant in liver and peripheral tissues, whereas in a context of obesity, FXR deficiency rather improves these parameters. Furthermore, FXR is expressed in the pancreatic beta cell (bcell), where it regulates the synthesis and the secretion of insulin, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet. To understand 1) the contribution of FXR bcell in the metabolic phenotype of the total FXRKO-mouse, and 2) the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of insulin production by FXR in the bcell, I developed a mouse model invalidated for FXR specifically in the bcell by the Cre-loxP strategy. The development of the model showed nonspecific recombination phenomena, and I developed a genotyping strategy to overcome this problem. To highlight the phenotype of the FXRKObcell mouse I tested various metabolic contexts (standard and high fat diet, fasting and refeeding conditions, circadian variations). Compared to control, FXRKO-bcell mice developed glucose intolerance and has lower insulinémia, defects increased by a high fat diet. The global transcriptomic analysis in the islets identified a set of microRNA strongly deregulated by invalidating FXR in the bcell, which could explain the dysfunctions in insulin secretion. Besides the modulation of the activity of the receptors, metabolic effects can be obtained by varying the composition of the pool of their ligands BAs. Thus, metabolic perturbations (such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, obesity) are associated with qualitative and/or quantitative variations in the BA pool. In addition, variations of the BAs pool are associated to the metabolic improvement that precedes the weight loss after the surgical practice of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), which suggests that the BAs can be among the actors of the ‘weight loss-indipendent’ beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB. To investigate this hypothesis, some preclinical models of RYGB have been developed. During my thesis I compared the pool of BAs pre and post RYGB among three species (rat, pig and human; Coll. Prof. F. Pattou and Dr. E.Osto) with the aim of assessing which preclinical model is most suitable for these studies in terms of characteristics of the BAs pool. In a second study, I focused on the causes and mechanisms underlying the increased concentrations of circulating BAs induced by RYGB. In the model of minipig (coll. Pr. F. Pattou), the analysis of the plasma BA pool composition and the hepatic gene expression before and after RYGB, allowed to show that changes in the hepatic function are - at least in part - responsible for the increase of the BA pool following RYGB
Baud, Grégory. "Modulation de l’absorption intestinale postprandiale du glucose apès Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass chez le miniporc." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S042/document.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized primarily as a combined defect of insulin secretion and insulin action. For nearly a decade, the somewhat mysterious but spectacular benefit of metabolic surgery, and more specifically of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), on glucose control has been caused a questioning the current paradigm of T2D management. Gastro-intestinal exclusion by RYGB improves glucose metabolism, independent of weight loss. Although changes in intestinal bile trafficking have been shown to play a role, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We performed RYGB in minipigs and showed that the intestinal uptake of ingested glucose is blunted in the bile deprived alimentary limb (AL). Glucose uptake in the AL was restored by the addition of bile, and this effect was abolished when active glucose intestinal transport was blocked with phlorizin. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 remained expressed in the AL, while intraluminal sodium content was markedly decreased. Adding sodium to the AL had the same effect as bile on glucose uptake. It also increased postprandial blood glucose response in conscious minipigs following RYGB. The decrease in intestinal uptake of glucose after RYGB was confirmed in humans. Our results demonstrate that bile diversion affects postprandial glucose metabolism by modulating sodium-glucose intestinal cotransport
Barataud, Aude. "Rôle de la néoglucogenèse intestinale et des récepteurs mu-opioïdes dans les effets bénéfiques du by-pass gastrique chez la souris." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10276/document.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure (GBP) is an obesity surgery that induces dramatic glucose homeostasis improvements independently of weight loss. A proposed mechanism to explain these glucose homeostasis improvements is an increase in intestinal glucose production (IGP) that induces beneficial effects on metabolism (satiety, improved liver insulin sensitivity). This increase in IGP is found in mice that have undergone a simplified GBP and is also responsible for the beneficial effects of protein-enriched diets through the inhibition of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) by alimentary peptides. We therefore hypothesized that the beneficial effects of GBP could depend on MOR inhibition by dietary proteins and we also tested the causal role of IGP in these metabolic improvements. For this purpose, we performed a duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery (DJB), ie GBP without gastric restriction, in wild-type mice (WT), in mice lacking MOR gene (MOR-/-) and in mice lacking IGP (IG6pc-/-). In obese mice, DJB induced a rapid and substantial weight loss (-30%), partly explained by fat malabsorption, and weight loss-dependent improvements of glucose homeostasis. In contrast, in the non-obese mice, DJB did not induce weight loss nor malabsorption but improved glucose tolerance. Effects were similar in WT, MOR-/- and I-G6pc-/- mice showing that mu-opioid receptors and IGP did not appear to have a causal role in glucose and energy metabolism improvements after DJB
St-Yves, Annie. "Diabète gestationnel : le risque et la prévention du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28802/28802.pdf.
Women with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) are at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Weight gain during childbearing-age period was associated with deteriorated insulin sensitivity and higher risk of T2D among women with prior GDM of our study. Healthy eating was not optimal in order to prevent T2D among these women. Application of the theory of planned behavior suggest that an intervention to increase intention to adopt healthy eating among women with prior GDM would need to focus on straightening the perception of its beneficial effect on weight control and on providing information on healthy eating and coping with availability of non-healthy foods in order to prevent future development of T2D among these women.
Nguyen, Thi Thu Ha. "Antidépresseurs et diabète de type 2 : une approche pharmacoépidémiologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30096.
The association between antidepressant (AD) use and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is debated. We hypothesized that if it exists, this risk may differ between AD classes and even between individual ADs depending on their pharmacodynamic characteristics. Several pharmacological targets of ADs could more specifically be involved in this Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR). We applied a combined "Pharmacoepidemiological-Pharmacodynamic" (PE-PD) approach to test these hypotheses in the World Health Organization international database of suspected ADRs (VigiBase®). This method allows establishing ADR mechanism hypotheses through pharmacoepidemiological studies considering fundamental data (e.g. binding affinity). A significant signal for an increased T2D reporting risk was found with ADs in comparison with all other drugs presented in VigiBase®. The PE-PD study suggested that the inhibition of serotonin reuptake via serotonin transporter (SERT) could be involved in AD-induced T2D. Indeed, the inhibition of serotonin reuptake owing to ADs (resulting in an excess of serotonin transmission) may induce T2D in a short time mediated by inhibiting insulin release. We then aimed to investigate the impact of ADs on short-term (1 year) T2D occurrence by conducting an exploratory study. We performed a retrospective matched exposed-unexposed to AD cohort study in the UK primary care database (the Clinical Practice Research Datalink). "New AD users" and matched "new anxiolytic (AX) users" were included in the study and were followed up during the first year from their cohort entry. Outcome was new-onset T2D. Survival analysis at the first year of follow-up demonstrated that there was no difference between the occurrence of T2D and AD exposure in general in comparison with the control group of AX users. However, a significant increase of incident T2D cases was observed for AD exposure duration less than 3 months and this T2D seemed to be reversible in some patients. In conclusion, the results suggested that (1) high affinity for the SERT could partially explain the appearance of T2D in AD users, and (2) when rapidly appraising this ADR could be reversible in some patients
Poussin, Agathe. "Hypercortisolisme infra-clinique dans le diabète de type 2." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23003.
Dao, Thi Mai Anh. "Inflammation intestinale et diabète de type 2 : effet du Resveratrol." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22956.
The TD2 is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state that impairs the secretion and action of insulin. Environmental pollutants such as POP (Persistent Organic Pollutants) and the change in gut flora induced by a high fat diet (HFD), are suspected to play an important role in the installation of this inflammation.The intestine is one of the first tissues exposed to pathogenic bacteria and some POP. This organ is also the first take part in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. So, it is reasonable to assume that chronic inflammation of the bowel may affect the development of TD2. Our objectives were: to assess the role of inflammation in the enterocyte development of diabetes TD2 and clarify the effect of Resveratrol (RSV) on the disease.Our results suggest that intestinal inflammation is involved in the establishment of a TD2. This inflammation could affect TD2 through releasing inflammatory cytokines, reducing the concentration of GLP-1 and promoting the passage of diabetogenic factors from the intestine to target tissues of insulin. The induction or reduction of intestinal inflammation by factor inflammatory (BaP) or anti-inflammatory (RSV) are respectively associated with worsening or improvement of the diabetic state.We also showed that the RSV could improve the diabetic state by normalizing the intestinal flora modified by diet and HFD, by increasing the concentration of GLP-1. In addition, co-administration of sitagliptin with RSV, an inhibitor of the enzyme DPP4,which degrade GLP-1, shows a potentiation of the effect of RSV in the sitagliptin: These results open the door for the use of RSV in the prevention and treatment of TD2.Keywords: Resveratrol, type 2 diabetes
Tenenbaum, Florence. "Hormones vaso-actives et natriurétiques et hémodynamique rénale dans le diabète de type 2 (non insulino-dépendant) : étude avant et après normalisation glycémique." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM025.
Sobngwi, Eugène. "Place du déficit de l'insulinosécrétion dans la physiopathologie du diabète de type 2 : étude de deux populations de descendants de parents diabétiques et d'une cohorte de patients diabétiques de type 2 à tendance cétosique." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077049.
Abderrazak, Amna. "Rôle de l'inflammasome NLRP3 dans l'athérosclérose et le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066735/document.
The NLRP3 inflammasome activity is abnormally elevated in many human inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) respectively. Therefore, there is considerable interest in the identification of effective therapeutics that selectively inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In this study, we have identified Arglabin as a potential small molecule inhibitor that targets the NLRP3 inflammasome activity in cell culture and in an animal model, the ApoE2.Ki mice fed a high-fat Western-type diet (HFD). Arglabin, a plant sesquiterpene lactone, has been used extensively as an herbal remedy that proved effective in treating cancer of the liver, lungs and breast at early stages. Arglabin inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, IL-1β and IL-18 production in lipopolysaccharide and cholesterol crystal-activated cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, Arglabin activated autophagy as evidenced by the increase in LC3-II protein. Intraperitoneal injection of Arglabin (2.5 ng/g body weight twice daily for 13 weeks) into female ApoE2.Ki mice fed a HFD resulted in a decreased IL-1β plasma level and reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Treatment of ApoE2.Ki mice fed a HFD with Arglabin significantly reduced the plasma concentration of anti-oxLDL antibodies. Moreover, Arglabin oriented the proinflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in spleen and arterial lesions. Consequently, a marked reduction in atherosclerotic lesions was observed in the median areas in the sinus and whole aorta. In comparison to vehicle-treated mice, Arglabin reduced plasma levels of glucose and insulin. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of active caspase 3 in Langerhans islets of ApoE2.Ki mice fed a HFD that was significantly inhibited by Arglabin treatment. Moreover, Arglabin reduced susceptibility to apoptosis in cultured INS-1 cells by increasing concentration-dependently Bcl-2 levels, which led to concomitantly decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In cultured INS-1 cells, Arglabin increased the expression of the autophagic markers Becline 1 and LC3-II in a concentration-dependent manner. Consequently, our results indicate survival-promoting properties of the Arglabin molecule in pancreatic β-cells.In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Arglabin may represent a promising new drug to treat atherosclerosis and T2DM
Sartippour, Maryam Radimeh. "Caractérisation de la lipoprotéine lipase macrophagique dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/NQ53306.pdf.
Perreault, Josiane. "Prédiction du diabète de type 2 à partir de paramètres cliniques simples." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26506/26506.pdf.
Lecompte, Sophie. "Etude du rôle du gène PROX1 dans le diabète de type 2." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790524.
Leblond, Julie. "Utilisation des thiazolidinediones chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3351.
Oca, Karine. "Intérêt de l'autosurveillance glycémique dans le diabète de type 2 : l'expérience dacquoise." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M001.
Le, Collen Lauriane. "Médecine de précision du diabète de type 2 et des obésités génétiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS042.
This scientific thesis delves deeply into critical health issues, specifically diabetes, obesity, and rare familial lipodystrophies. These health concerns hold immense importance due to their substantial medical and financial implications, impacting individuals, healthcare systems, and national economies. The central aim of this research was to harness the capabilities of next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as exome sequencing, to detect genetic mutations within genes already associated with these conditions in diagnostically challenging patients. It is now established that up to 2% of cases of type 2 diabetes can be attributed to pathogenic variants in genes related to Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). This study sought to enhance the diagnostic process and optimize therapeutic management for these complex conditions while demonstrating the effectiveness of the sequencing approach in comprehensive disease management.In a first case, we showcased the significance of this approach by examining a patient with an atypical syndromic form of diabetes. Through in-depth genetic analysis using NGS, we identified a pathogenic heterozygous variant in the WFS1 gene inherited from the diabetic father. This discovery had a profound impact on the patient's treatment, highlighting the effectiveness of GLP1 analog therapy in optimizing diabetes management. Furthermore, our study investigated the impact of a de novo deletion in 16q24.2, which had the potential to affect the regulation of a neighboring gene, FOXC2, implicated in lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome. This case also raised questions about neurodevelopmental disorders, potentially linked to this deletion and a variant located in USP9X inherited from the patient's mother. These results underscore the critical importance of precise diagnosis in selecting appropriate treatments.In a second article, our research focused on the PDX1 gene, responsible for MODY 4, by analyzing heterozygous carriers of pathogenic variants. Our investigations revealed complete penetrance of diabetes, an increase in body mass index, and an elevated risk of pancreatic insufficiency in these individuals. Once again, the judicious use of GLP1 analogs proved beneficial in optimizing glycemic control.Next, we explored the case of a patient suffering from morbid obesity, presenting with combined pituitary deficiency and composite heterozygosity in POMC. This observation challenged the previous notion that heterozygosity in POMC could cause monogenic obesity. This reconsideration raises crucial questions about the effectiveness of targeted treatment with MC4R agonists in POMC heterozygotes, posing significant financial challenges for its use in this indication.Finally, we studied a large family with a severe metabolic syndrome associated with partial lipodystrophy. Genetic analysis revealed a variant in the ZMPSTE24 gene, previously identified in the same geographic region, raising the question of a founder variant. However, the contribution of this heterozygous variant to partial lipodystrophy remains to be confirmed, necessitating further studies to definitively establish its role.In conclusion, this thesis has highlighted the remarkable efficacy of next-generation sequencing in elucidating complex cases of atypical diabetes and obesity, shedding light on monogenic forms of these conditions. Moreover, this research expanded its investigations to the broader population through comprehensive literature reviews and analysis of various databases, including the Human Gene Mutation Database, RaDIO, and UK Biobank. We hope that these compelling results will encourage wider adoption of genetic sequencing, paving the way for increased customization of treatments based on patients' genotypes in the near future
Poggi-Travert, Florence. "Contribution de l'hyperglycémie au risque cardiovasculaire des diabétiques de type 2." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066497.
Bouhier-Roddier, Muriel. "Le diabète, entre culture et santé publique : approche anthropologique des représentations du diabète de type 2 à la Réunion." La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_20_Bouhier.pdf.
Lafarge, Jean-Charles. "Cathepsine S : nouvelle cible dans le diabète de type 2 associé à l’obésité ?" Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066107.
Cathepsin S (CatS) is a cysteine protease, which has been implicated in a wide range of disease, including autoimmune disorders and atherosclerosis. We previously showed that adipose tissue and serum CatS increased with obesity and decreased after weight loss. These variations coincide with alteration and improvement of glycemic status, respectively, leading us to investigate the impact of CatS on glucose homeostasis. In human studies, we found that serum CatS positively associated with blood-derived indices of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In mice studies, the deletion of CatS induced a robust reduction of serum glucose that persisted under high-fat diet and with aging. CatS deficient (CatS-KO) mice showed improved glucose tolerance, with no change in whole body insulin sensitivity. Hepatic glucose metabolism was predominantly affected by CatS deletion. Reduced rate of basal glucose turnover, blunted glycemic response to gluconeogenic substrates and down-regulation of key gluconeogenic genes collectively point to gluconeogenesis as the metabolic pathway targeted in CatS-KO mice liver. Pharmacological inhibition of CatS in diet-induced obese mice recapitulated the low glucose phenotype induced by CatS deletion by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis. Hence, small molecule anti-CatS therapy has the potential to dampen elevated endogenous glucose production in obese subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. These findings extend the pathogenic contribution of CatS to include glycemic deterioration and broaden the therapeutic field of CatS inhibitors to cardiometabolic complications in human obesity
Saulnier, Pierre-Jean. "Étude des déterminants génétiques et environnementaux des complications du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT1403/document.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health issue because of vascular and renal complications, which are complex diseases with interaction between genetic and environmental determinants.The objective of this work was to study these determinants in three independent populations of T2D patients by coupling cross-sectional (DIAB2NEPHROGENE) and longitudinal studies (SURDIAGENE and DIABHYCAR). Through a candidate-gene approach, we first focused on the natriuretic peptides system, NPR3 gene and sodium intake and then on the metabolic pathway of sex hormones, CYP19A1 gene (coding for aromatase) and sex steroid levels.Our first results showed that NPR3 rs2270915 G Allele was associated with high blood pressure (BP) and a reduced salt-sensitivity of BP. However, this SNP was not associated with any significant risk of cardio-vascular events (CVE) or death, at variance with rs6889608. Ultimately, CVE-free survival was impacted by salt intake with a reduced risk of morbi-mortality in those patients having the greatest intake, though a higher BP.In our second study, we confirmed that male gender was a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN), but also for the occurrence of CVE. In men, we showed higher levels of estradiol (E2) associated with a higher prevalence of ND but without any significant increase in renal or CVE during follow-up. CYP19A1 variants were not associated with either E2 levels or the prevalence of ND. However, 2 SNPs tested, were significantly associated with the occurrence of end stage renal failure. Altogether, we have identified 2 different metabolic ways contributing to the genetic determinants of complications associated with T2D including a gene-environment interaction
Marcouiller, François. "L'impact du diabète de type 2 sur la phosphorylation de tau in vivo." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28358/28358.pdf.
Riant, Elodie. "Effets protecteurs des œstrogènes sur l'insulino-résistance et le diabète de type 2." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/686/.
Althought corroborating data indicate that estrogens protect against insulino-resistance and glucose metabolism throught the activation of the estrogen receptor a (ERa), it has not been established wether this pathway could represent an effective therapeutic target to fight against metabolic disturbances induced by a high-fat diet. Based on the study of animal models in vivo, our experimental approach allowed us to demonstrate that: 1) Activation of the path of ERa in vivo exerts a protective effect in a mouse model subjected to a fat diet, and more precisely, limits the development of adipose tissue, preserves insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and prevents also the occurrence of fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. 2) Furthermore, activation of ERa enhanced inflammatory response characterized by cytokine production in organs sensitive to insulin (liver, fat) and infiltration of macrophages in adipose tissue. This proinflammatory effect results from direct activation of cells derived from bone marrow, but appears dissociated from the metabolic protective effect. Despite its pro-inflammatory effect, selective activation of the path of ERa could be an effective strategy to reduce the deleterious impact of dietary patterns hyperlipidaemia
Eid, Assaad. "Gluconéogenèse rénale in vitro dans des modèles animaux de diabète de type 2." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10035.
Dupont, Sophie. "Etude des déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 dans la population française." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-308.pdf.
Pérol, Louis. "Immunothérapie par faibles doses d'IL-2 : potentiel therapeutique dans le diabète de type 1." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066328.
CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are essential for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is mandatory for the homeostasis of Treg cells and its administration at low-doses induces a specific dose-dependent boost of Treg cells. Previous work has demonstrated that a short-tem treatment with low-doses IL-2 can revert established autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse model. However, this strategy induces long-term reversal in only 30% of the treated mice and can be optimized. During my PHD, my work has focused on the optimization of T1D therapy with low-doses of IL-2. First, we tried to combine low-doses of IL-2 with rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug known to mainly affect Teff cells. The combined treatment (IL-2/Rapa) did not induce diabetes reversal and even reversibly broke IL-2-induced tolerance. Then, we tried to increase the IL-2 dose in order to increase the amplitude of the Treg boost. However, despite an important Treg cell boost, high-doses IL-2 administration to pre-diabetic NOD mice was toxic and precipitated T1D onset. In a second project, we described the existence of neutralizing anti-IL-2 autoantibodies in NOD mice and T1D patients. Our data suggested that anti-IL-2 autoantibodies negatively impacted on Treg cell homeostasis in vivo, contributing to the impaired immune tolerance observed in NOD mice and T1D patients. Altogether, our results lead to the consideration of low-doses IL-2, alone or combined, for the treatment of T1D. In addition, our demonstration of the existence of anti-IL-2 autoantibodies in NOD mice and T1D patients leads to a better understanding of T1D physiopathology
Pereira, Laëtitia. "Physiologie et pathologie du couplage excitation-contraction cardiaque : cardiomyopathie du diabète de type 2." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T033.
Jlali, Islem. "Le diabète de type 1 et le diabète de type 2, deux acteurs de déconditionnent physique : implication de la fonction pulmonaire et de l'oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS076.pdf.
Diabetes is a complex metabolic condition characterized by disruption of glucose and lipid metabolism. This metabolic alteration has structural and functional repercussions on several target organs such as the lungs and muscle and cerebral tissue. The literature about impaired pulmonary function as well as muscle and cerebral dysfunction in individuals with diabetes, is very large and sometimes contradictory. Furthermore, these alterations can manifest in daily situations, such as exercise, and are frequently associated with micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Although regular exercise is known to improve glycemic control and consequently limit micro- and macroangiopathy, often individuals with diabetes have limited aerobic fitness and exercise intolerance.The main objective of this thesis work was to evaluate the impact of diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia on several stages of the oxygen transport chain at rest and during exercise in individuals with diabetes free from micro and macrovascular complications.In a first part, we examined the effect of diabetes on pulmonary function at rest, by measuring pulmonary flow and volumes using spirometry, as well as alveolar capillary diffusion capacity. Our results showed that, at rest, people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) had values comparable to those of healthy subjects for alveolar capillary diffusion capacity. Furthermore, in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), lung flow and volumes were similar to those of healthy individuals and were not altered, even after maximal exercise.In a second part, we looked at ventilatory responses and muscle and cerebral oxygenation during maximal incremental exercise. We observed, in individuals with T1D, that tidal volume was reduced during maximal exercise, which could explain the altered maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). This altered VO2max is also observed in people with T2D who present a reduced deoxyhemolobin (HHb) and a reduced total hemoglobin (Hbtot) reflecting impaired blood volume in the active muscle. Furthermore, in people with T2D, we observedalterations in cerebral hemodynamics, characterized by a decrease in oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and total hemoglobin during maximal exercise.In conclusion, our results highlight that, although alterations in pulmonary function are still absent at rest, subclinical alterations appear in muscle and cerebral oxygenation during exercise in individuals with diabetes, even in the absence of micro and macrovascular complications. The research work of this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the functional limitations observed in individuals with diabetes and opens perspectives for more targeted management of their metabolic and cardiorespiratory health
Berardet, Corentin. "Développement de techniques physiques et chimiques pour l’étude et l’inhibition de l’oligomérisation et de l’agrégation de IAPP : intérêt dans le diabète de type II." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS445.
The rising prevalence of type II diabetes, and associated adverse cardiovascular risks, is now considered as a major public health challenge. The aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is linked to beta-cell degeneration and to the pathogenesis of type II diabetes. The mechanism of hIAPP toxicity and the species involved (oligomers and/or fibrils) are far to be elucidated, although recent studies have shown that early formed species could be the most toxic species. Very few techniques are currently available to monitor in real time this oligomerization and to evaluate inhibitors of this pathological process. During this PhD project, we investigated CE and IMS-MS as potential techniques to monitor in vitro and in real time the oligomerization of hIAPP. A CE-UV method has been developed, which allows the activity evaluation of new inhibitors. An IMS-MS method has also been developed to investigate the interactions formed between hIAPP and the inhibitors. Peptidomimetics inhibitors have been rationally designed and synthesized in order to destabilize beta-sheets structures formed during the oligomerization process of hIAPP. The evaluation of those compounds revealed a relation between their structures and their inhibitory activities. Cellular viability tests are on-going to get more insights on those molecules activity
Feseke, Keboya Solange. "L'association entre les niveaux d'arsenic urinaire et la prévalence du diabète de type 2 au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25875.
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association between As exposure, as measured by total As concentration in urine, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The study involved 3517 adults who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) carried out from 2007 to 2009. All participants had a blood test for glucose and glycated hemoglobin determination. Urine analysis was also performed for total arsenic determination. In addition, participants answered a detailed questionnaire about their lifestyle and medical history questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression to identify significant relationships, while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Total urinary As is positively associated with type 2 diabetes and pre- diabetes: Adjusted odds ratio of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.12 to 2.95) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.02 to 4.07), respectively. Total urinary As is also associated with glycated hemoglobin in untreated diabetics. CONCLUSIONS: The association between arsenic exposure and the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes is observed in the Canadian population.
Pérez, Herrera Norma Maria. "Passage à l'insuline chez les aînés diabétiques de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24234/24234.pdf.
Vigneault, Jessica. "Étude des altérations métaboliques associées au diabète de type 2 selon le statut pondéral après une grossesse compliquée par un diabète gestationnel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25796.
Women with prior gestational diabetes present higher risk to develop adverse metabolic complications such as type 2 diabetes in the years following delivery. In recent years, the prevalence of gestational diabetes has increased and proportionally reflects the increase in the rates of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Findings from the present study suggest that a genetic score is associated with both gestational diabetes and progression to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes. Secondly, metabolic deteriorations associated with gestational diabetes were investigated on glucose and insulin homeostasis according to weight status after delivery. Even with a normal weight, women with previous gestational diabetes present higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes and present same clinical risk factors compared to overweight and obese women. A further increase in postpartum weight favours the apparition of metabolic deteriorations in women with gestational diabetes.
Ben, Abdeljelil Anis. "Le traitement du diabète de type 2 chez les moins de 65 ans : description et qualité du traitement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26384/26384.pdf.
Munkonda, Mercedes Nancy. "Le rôle de l'ASP dans la résistance à l'insuline et le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29282/29282.pdf.
Hamdi, Haithem. "Usage des IECA / ARA II chez des aînés traités contre le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28259/28259.pdf.
Ramin-Mangata, Stéphane. "Le rôle du récepteur aux LDL et de PCSK9 dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0005.
Statins are lipid-lowering drugs widely prescribed to prevent cardiovascular diseases. They inhibit the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol and thereby increase LDLR gene expression by activating the SREPB-2 transcription factor. The positive effects of statins regarding cardiovascular diseases are undisputable. However, their action is limited by the proprotein convertases subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), the natural inhibitor of the LDL receptor (LDLR), which is also activated by the SREBP-2 transcription factor. As a result, novel lipid-lowering strategies targeting circulating PCSK9 have emerged and have been approved recently. These are the PCSK9 inhibitors. Despite their well-established beneficial effects, the use of high doses of statins for long-term treatments induces in rare instances the onset of type 2 diabetes in predisposed individuals. In addition, “loss of function” genetic variants of PCSK9 are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The effects of long term use of PCSK9 inhibitors on the risk of type 2 diabetes remain to be established. Thus, we hypothesized that cholesterol overload of insulin secreting pancreatic beta cells induced by the overexpression of the LDLR at their plasma membranes following treatment with statins and PCSK9 inhibitors may cause cell dysfunction, lower insulin secretion, and ultimately type 2 diabetes. The aims of my thesis were (i) to determine the circulating levels of PCSK9 and their modulation by statins in patients with type 2 diabetes, (ii) to determine if reduced circulating PCSK9 levels are predictive of new onset type 2 diabetes and finally (iii) to investigate the effect of statins, PCSK9, and PCSK9 inhibitors on beta cell function. Using three cohorts of patients, we showed that circulating PCSK9 plasma levels are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and that reduced circulating PCSK9 levels are negatively associated with insulin resistance and elevated fasting blood glucose. In human pancreatic sections and human pancreatic beta cell lines, we showed for the first time that PCSK9 is expressed, synthesized and secreted only by beta cells in pancreatic islets. We did not find any significant effect of PCSK9 or PCSK9 inhibitors on glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Altogether, my thesis works underpin that the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in the clinic will probably not be diabetogenic. This is reassuring regarding the development of these new lipid-lowering therapies
Deloumeaux-Tyndal, Jacqueline. "Aspects épidémiologiques des anomalies du métabolisme glucidique et du diabète de type 2 en Guadeloupe." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21376.
Type 2 diabetes is now qualified as a worldwide epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The links of type 2 diabetes with co morbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, focuse on the need of primary health care in the next decades. Guadeloupe is a French Carobbean archipelago with more than 422 000 inhabitants including people of Indian and African descents and Caucasians. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes reaches 6,6 % in general population compared to 22,5 % in subjects of Indian descents which are respectively 2 and 7 fold higher than in mainland France. Diabetic subjects represent about 30 % of patients on hemodialysis with a mortality rate 3 fold higher than non diabetic subjects. Our works are presented in four studies preceded by a review of the literature. The association between anthropometric parameters (WHO criteria) and type 2 diabetes was studied for potential use in clinical practice in a population with a mean age over 50 years old. The distribution of metabolic syndrome, involved in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications, was studied by comparing subjects of Indian descents with subjects of the general population. We report in a third study, the association of arterial pulse pressure, a non-traditional risk factor, with cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing haemodialysis. We finally study, glucose metabolism abnormalities, dyslipidemia and proinflammatory cytokines (adiponectin and leptin), as risk factors for insulin resistance in an HIV infected cohort of patients
Dow, Courtney. "Dietary Factors, Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS380/document.
Background : Type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents a significant health burden that is associated with many complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), that further burden people with diabetes. Modifiable risk factors, such as the diet, have been identified for both T2D and DR; yet certain aspects of the role of the diet remain unclear. Objectives : The main objectives of this thesis were therefore to examine the role and impact of the diet, and in particular, the consumption of fatty acids (FAs), and other modifiable behaviours on the risk of T2D and to summarize, interpret and analyze the relationship between the diet and DR using data from both the E3N and AusDiab cohort studies. Results : The results suggest that the role of FAs on the risk of T2D and DR may differ between and within subgroups, and by individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The findings also suggest that strongly adhering to national dietary guidelines is not associated with the development of T2D, but strongly adhering to other recommendations for healthy behaviours (for waist circumference, physical activity and smoking) is strongly inversely associated with T2D. Modifiable behaviour could have prevented more than half of the cases of T2D. Conclusions : This work underlines the importance and the complexity of the role of the diet in the development of T2D and DR. It also illustrates the impact of healthy behaviour in the etiology of T2D and confirms that T2D is largely preventable. Efforts should focus on the modification of multiple healthy behaviours in populations, and promote diets that are moderate and widely varied
Gingras, Véronique. "Prévention du diabète de type 2 chez les femmes avec un antécédent de diabète gestationnel : étude d'outils de dépistage et de mesures préventives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29514/29514.pdf.
Fourny, Natacha. "Du prédiabète au diabète de type 2 : quels impacts sur la santé cardiovasculaire dans le sexe féminin ? : approche thérapeutique par le Resvératrol contre les lésions myocardiques liées à l’ischémie-reperfusion dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0142.
Type 2 diabetic women have a higher cardiovascular (CV) risk than type 2 diabetic men, but few studies focus on the female sex in this context. The objective of this PhD was i) to study CV alterations induced by prediabetes/type 2 diabetes in female; ii) to propose a therapeutic approach by Resveratrol (RSV) in type 2 diabetic female; and iii) to study the effect of sex on the prediabetes-induced physiological modifications and on the myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We used the prediabetic rat induced by a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFS), and the type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat (GK). We performed in vivo and ex vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy experiments and biochemical analyses. We highlighted myocardial thickening and increased perfusion in female HFS, as well as high myocardial sensitivity to IR involving exacerbated oxidative stress. RSV treatment of female GK induced cardioprotection by increasing the high-energy compounds and the proteins of the nitric oxide pathway during IR injury. Finally, there was no sexual dimorphism in myocardial tolerance to IR injury in prediabetes, although the HFS diet induced sex-specific physiological changes. In conclusion, we have shown that endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunctions play an important role in CV complications associated to type 2 diabetes in the female sex
Piché, Marie-Eve. "Étude des facteurs de risque associés à la maladie cardiovasculaire et au diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24206/24206.pdf.
Normand-Lauzière, François. "Anomalies postprandiales du métabolisme des acides gras libres dans l'évolution naturelle du diabète de type 2." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5545.
Lamri, Amel. "Interaction entre variabilité génétique et consommation de lipides dans la survenue du diabète de type 2." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077012.
The detection of the genes associated with type 2 diabetes risk is essential for a better comprehension of the etiology of the disease. To date, more than sixty loci have been associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, these loci explain only a small part of the heritability of the disease. The study of interactions between gene and nutrition could help to reveal new genes involved in the onset of type 2 diabetes. The objective of our work was to estimate the interaction between dietary fat intake and the genotype of polymorphisms of candidate genes on type 2 diabetes incidence in a large cohort drawn from the French general population (the D. E. S. I. R study). Given the data available for this cohort (DNA, nutritional habits, glyceamic status) the interactions genotype-fat intake were analyzed for polymorphisms of two groups of genes:Lipid sensor genes, encoding for proteins whose activity is regulated by fatty acidssuch as the nuclear receptors PPARa, y, and the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. Reverse cholesterol transport genes, such as ABCA1, CETP, hepatic and endothelial lipases (LIPC and LIPG) whose implication in the onset of type 2 diabetes needs to be clarified. Our results revealed different associations between polymorphisms of PPARA, PPARG, GPR120, ABCA1 and LIPC on the risk of type 2 diabetes. These effects were detected only when dietary fat intake was considered. These results highlight the importance of gene-environment interactions in the onset of complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes
Carpentier, Joëlle. "Déterminants de la pratique d'activité physique chez les adultes québécois attteints du diabète de type 2." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7336/1/030673395.pdf.
Caliaperoumal, Guavri. "Impact du diabète de type 2 sur la réparation osseuse et vasculaire des défauts osseux craniaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC166/document.
Now that diabetes reaches pandemic proportions, this thesis focuses on the effect of T2DM on bone. Very few studies document the effect of T2DM on maxillo-facial bone and their endomembraneous repair.After a short review on bone, diabetes and animal study models, we will showcase our results of the impact of T2DM on, (i) vascular and bone repair of calvarial defects in ZDF rats; (ii) the vascular and bone microarchitechture of ZDF rat’s femur; (iii) the secretome and angiogenic properties of zdf rat’s bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). These studies showed an alteration of bone repair in critical size defects, and an impaired vascular repair in critical and subcritical T2DM defects. We also found evidences of bone and vascular microarchitechture impairement in ZDF femur. At a cellular level, T2DM BMSCs have an unique angiogenic profile. These findings may contribute to the better understanding of the adverse vascular healing in T2DM and provide successful bone healing therapies for patients with T2DM